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Hello, I'm Koelle and I'm Kenna. Welcome to diagnosing a killer the mental breakdown

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There's only so many ways we can go. Yeah, yeah

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Mental breakdown mental breakdown

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mental breakdown

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Oh my gosh, we should put like a little song

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We come up with a song every time though. That's true, but like a set song

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Hi

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Welcome back to diagnosing a killer mental breakdown and today we're gonna be talking about something that I don't know

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I don't know how to start this. Well, what is your okay?

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So you have a new mental breakdown for us today and oh my god

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I don't know what it is, which is really weird because I usually don't know what it is

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before we start

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That's a lie

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So I'm I wanted to talk about something that I feel like is

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something that is

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newer in

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Talking about certain diagnoses and really this is a mental diet or a medical diagnosis. Okay, it's a mental diagnosis

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So medical breakdown medical breakdown, but it is something that does affect the brain and it is something that can cause

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Certain disorders as well. So we're gonna be talking about CTE

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CTE chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Yeah, that sounds right. It's a neurodegenerative

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syndrome that has been connected to serious symptoms including depression

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aggression and suicidal behavior. Oh, wow, so

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CTE has been talked about a lot recently and we'll get into why

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but it is formerly believed to be manifested in

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Boxers originally so and I think this is like at the 19 we always say it's not the 1930s

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But in the 1930s late 1930s

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It was known as punch drunk

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So CTE affects the brain of people who have suffered repeated concussions and traumatic brain injuries

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Most commonly found in athletes and the athletes

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specifically who take part in contact sports like football like football. Yeah

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but it can also affect members of the military, okay, it makes sense and

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Actually domestic violence situations as well also makes sense

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So the term encephalopathy derives from the ancient Greek words in as an in ion

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And then the other parts are kate kable which would mean head and pathia which is suffering

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CTE is usually characterized in stages and it's stages that are not

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Completely uncommon with things like dementia and actually Alzheimer's

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So stage one so it's like stages are the severity so there's stage one moderate to stage three and stage four

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so in stage one

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Symptoms may manifest in reoccurring headaches loss of concentration and loss of attention or focus

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Some individuals actually experience short term memory loss depression aggression and explosivity. That's mild. That's my that's the first

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stage yeah stage two and some of these are

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Again, this is list of severity. So it's stage one

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Explosivity, but it might it might just be might be contained. It might not necessarily be outward aggression, but

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Um, anyways stage two comes with depression mood swings headaches and short term memory loss

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Some people may experience impulsivity suicidal thoughts and some language issues

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Like slurred speech. Yeah stage three is the most prevalent

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One in stage three is gonna be a memory loss

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executive dysfunction meaning like your

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brain your cognitive reasoning. Yeah

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Explosivity, visio spacial difficulties meaning like vertigo

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No, what you're what you're what you're visualizing what you're seeing. So like colors might be off, huh? Things like depth perception

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Yeah, are gonna be those are gonna come with those difficulties

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I feel like that would give me vertigo though, right?

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Probably not being able to balance yourself an apathy 75% of people in stage three are considered to be cognitively impaired

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Wow, that's not even the most severe one. It's most severe one at stage four

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Geez the most severe cases and they are prognosed to have full-blown dementia at this point

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They have profound loss of attention. They have paranoia depression

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Most all other symptoms can develop

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From the other stages in this one in severe ways so it can actually develop into Parkinson's and ism as well

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So most commonly this is found in

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Mild head trauma that is repeated over a long period of time and in many cases these are found in contact sport players like we said earlier

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Most commonly in football hockey and rugby

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Just to name a few other people who suffer from this condition again

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Like I said would be military personnel who have experienced certain types of combat

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Also in domestic violence cases where someone's been hit in the head repeatedly

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Unfortunately, there's no confirmed amount of time or duration of trauma that one could or would have to endure in order to

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Lead to the development of CTE

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There's a reason for that the scientific community has said though that they believe it takes years to develop

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Okay, that's what I was gonna ask so it doesn't happen right away

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Right, it is something that develops in your brain. So currently little is actively known about CTE as CTE

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Diagnosis are made only at autopsy

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Wow, it's the same thing as Alzheimer's you can't

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1000% say someone that is living has Alzheimer's or is suffering from it

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You can only be sure once they do the symptoms and looked at their brain, right? And you can only study the symptoms. So

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Yeah, so CTE is only diagnosed by making by having an autopsy done postmortem

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And it's in certain sections of the brain that you can see the deterioration. Yeah, because you can't see that on scans

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Yeah, so the brain of an individual who suffers from CTE gradually deteriorates and

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It over time and it ends up losing brain mass and if you can actually look up

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pictures of you know, the brain scans that not brain scans but pictures of people's brains postmortem in

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Comparison to someone who has a healthy brain and it's it's usually right in that frontal area

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Well, that makes sense and there's there's it's literally just missing like there's missing it just deteriorates

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Well, if you think about it the frontal lobe is very of course very imperative

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but these symptoms almost kind of mimic like

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Adolescent, you know preteen teenager thing they kind of not mimic

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But they're kind of similar which makes sense because the frontal lobes not fully developed here on the kids side

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And then it's deteriorating over here, right?

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So signs of CTE are also signs for other neurological disorders like Alzheimer's the dementia which I mentioned earlier

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There are no distinct biomarkers that are related to CTE either

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So it's really difficult to diagnose a patient while it's they're alive. So like they can't take a blood sample

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They can't take a urine test. They can't do it. None of these things actually show

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Yeah, you know that oh, yep. Oh, there it is. You have CTE. So there's no biomarkers

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So concussions don't result in brain bleeds typically and so therefore you can't see them on CTs or MRIs

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So although technology is advancing now to be able to detect certain signs of CTE on MRIs and

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DTIs

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It has been a really slow progress because technology just hasn't advanced yet to show definitive proof of CTE on film

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So there is however a

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protein that's been discovered that will actually

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Attach to a tracer that is the tracer is consistent with degenerative disorders like Alzheimer's dementia and various other conditions

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But more testing needs to be done to determine if it's possible if this is a possible biomarker for future confirmation of CTE and life patients

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So yeah, like I said, basically it's like a specific protein that is higher

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when you have

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Certain traumas to the brain. Oh, I see what you're saying

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I thought you were talking about as like a treatment because I was thinking because CBD is a

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Testing or kind of in the works of becoming maybe a treatment or maybe just like a helped about the symptoms for

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Parkinson's or Alzheimer's or dementia because it actually has chemicals that bind those receptors back together

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Rather than because they're apart. That's one of the big issues

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Why but I thought that's what you were saying, but you're saying it's it's protein indicates that it's happening that right?

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So these specific tracers it's like a

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Floridine or something and it's it's a specific trace. It's something that happens to the brain

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When it's experienced this type of trauma and so what they can do is they can

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Base it essentially give the body of this protein the protein then it connects to that tracer

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Which is a binder I see and then test results will tell them. Oh the binder, you know, this has

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You know been connected somehow and so they say, okay now we can read on a piece of paper that this

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Specific tracer is in the blood or in the body. Yeah, and so but it's not

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Always the case. Yeah, they can't it hasn't been confirmed that that happens a hundred percent of the time

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Yeah, of course

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So it's interesting possible but again technology has to advance science has to advance in order for them to kind of hone in on something

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That they'll come up with an actual test for yeah

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So studies have also seen that a possible cause for CTE is actually an autoimmune response to head trauma

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So studies have also seen that there is a possible cause for CTE and it is an autoimmune response to head trauma

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So when the blood barriers in the brain are actually broken in more severe head trauma cases

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The body actually attacks itself to repair itself much like a cut or anything like that, right? So when the blood

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This is such I was I was laughing last night because this is such a

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Illiteration so the body actually attacks itself to repair the blood barrier of the brain

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So there are a greater number of antibodies during the breaks of the plane

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brain blood barrier and in this case of

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Concussions especially when that happens the auto antibodies are elevated. So yeah, so

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That's another way to kind of test

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But the thing is is that in concussions the brain doesn't bleed

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So it's gonna be elevated, but they're not gonna be as high

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If you know, it's just a bruise if it's just a bruise or yeah exactly

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So clearly we know that the supposed cause is repeated head trauma

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So the only thing that we can do about it is wear a helmet, you know

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We're a helmet when you ride a bike wear a helmet when you have contact sports

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But that even that isn't 100% successful. No, of course not things like that if you must play them

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Currently, there's no cure that exists for CTE since we really don't know a true testing method for it

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The only treatment with this is time and medications that are similar to those with dementia

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Which is really unfortunate because a lot of these people are young. Yeah, of course

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So there's no known population of patients with CTE at this point because there's no way to test

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However, the rates of the disease are about 30% in patients with a recurrent head trauma

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So the highest number of cases that have ever been reported are actually in football players that have played beyond high school

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Okay, so that's when I get to more people are grown and they're not just say you're not grown in high school

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But people are but more professional of course they have more experience with the sport

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They're bigger so they can do more damage, you know, yeah, it's more

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Kind of pressing in order to become a professional is to be good at tackling

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You know being good at body slams or whatever they do. So 9% of all athletes all athletes

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Have evidence of CTE. Wow

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3% is the rest of the population

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Wow that are non athletic or not not not not that athletic but people that don't play contact sports

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It's just intense. Yeah, so

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99% of

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Tested NFL players have signs of CTE after death

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There has only been 111 brains of NFL players that have ever been tested and out of 111

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110 show signs of CTE. Oh my gosh, that's compelling. It's

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Incredible it is almost a hundred percent. Yeah

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It's wow. Yeah, it's a lot

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Yeah, I mean, there's not one position that you play in football that you're not gonna come in contact with someone, right?

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Absolutely, and then I mean you can go on Wikipedia and look at the people that are

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That have been tested for the most part

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There are there was recently was it I think it was 2013 or 2014 the NFL actually settled with over

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4000

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NFL players who said that they had suffered from CTE and they did they just did a

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Complete payout they did a settlement with over

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4000 NFL players

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Like it's incredible

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So again with all this talk these symptoms of CTE are usually recognized as aggression or depression and living patients

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And I'm just gonna talk a little bit about

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Some very famous cases of CTE

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Legends such as Jimmy snooker

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He's a was a professional wrestler and he was thought to have CTE after he actually murdered his longtime girlfriend Nancy Argentina

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Oh my gosh, he was later found unable to participate in his own defense due to his his advanced stage of dementia

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Wow, Kellen Winslow the second he was he was a professional football player who mostly played for the Cleveland Browns

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he was likely to

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Have a decreasing mental state as he would go on to be convicted for such crimes as burglary

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Lude conduct battery of an elder and sexual assault. Oh my gosh

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Chris Benoit who was another professional wrestler with symptoms of CTE before

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He actually murdered his son and his wife. Oh my god, and he took his own life as well

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He was confirmed post-mortem to have extensive damage to his brain due to multiple concussions

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Wow, and he was actually I mean again, they can't confirm it until after death

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Yeah, but he showed many symptoms of CTE and was pretty much as close to a diagnosis as you can without

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studying his brain

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The list goes on and on honestly and there's actually people who

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football players NFL players

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Who claimed to this day that they have to have CTE or they have symptoms of CTE?

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This includes OJ Simpson and Brett favre as well

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Big big time names and OJ Simpson was talking about it recently too. He's like

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He's like I know I have CTE. There's no way and he's been convicted of

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Grand larceny and things like that as well. So of course, I know a lot of people know

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Some things about Aaron Hernandez, but he died at 27 and the last brain that was actually observed with CTE before

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Aaron Hernandez's brain was actually 46 years old

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Oh, wow

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So they gained a lot of insight into even at a young age what CTE can look like

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And of course did he kill himself? So Aaron Hernandez was of course the professional football player who?

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He had gotten in tons of legal trouble before he was ultimately convicted of murder

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His record includes bar fights shootings assaults and then even suspected killings before he was actually convicted of murder

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And he did take his own life and his cell. Yeah

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It's really honestly an epidemic that nobody really talks about and it's a super serious condition

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And it's honestly the most unfortunate part is that it's completely preventable

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Of course and honestly like now like flag football is actually on the rise due to safety concerns

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But over 1 million kids today from ages 6 to 12 still play tackle football. Yeah 6 to 12. They're babies

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Yeah, they have baby brains and they're taking on all this damage and it's just scary

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It's scary that you can develop things like aggression depression suicidal thoughts

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Just violent tendencies from playing a sport that you love from playing a sport that you love and especially for young adults who

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Throw themselves into sports instead of doing extracurricular activities

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elsewhere, you know not in school and

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You know for a lot of these kids they feel like you know, this is something that they can do

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They can use their bodies to go to college and make something of themselves and provide for their families

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Yeah, and they're sacrificing their mental health for it and it's and it's well

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It's not even I mean football is of course one of the biggest examples, but this can happen

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And cheerleading this can happen in diving if you hit your head on the yeah swimming

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Like I hit my head so hard one time during a swim meet because I was too close to the wall

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I didn't know and like it can happen in any even tennis, you know

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I mean if you get hit in the head with the racket or a ball like anything, you know, it's

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It's the statistics are out there as well football had the 99%

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Then it was like rugby I think was like 81 or you know and so on and so forth

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And they do have those statistics out there

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Yeah for people like even baseball was like 11% you know make sense if you get hit with the ball

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Yeah, you get if you fall when you're running or yeah crazy

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It is it's incredible and uh, but again I in my opinion completely preventable

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Of course, but are we gonna cease playing sports? No of the wrist. No not at all. No one is not no one is but

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It's well, that's the thing. I mean the NFL makes billions of dollars. I mean they make it the Super Bowl is the most highly televised

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Events every year like it's it's not gonna go away

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Yeah

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The only thing that we would hope is that there is some

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Limit, you know if we have a testing process if we have these biomarkers if we have

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A way to be able to be like okay this person, you know needs to retire earlier than anticipated or whatever this person needs to take care of themselves

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Or or whatever or maybe you know we come up with more safety things

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I don't know what else you could do besides putting a giant helmet and giant pads all over you know

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230 pound man, but you know it is what it is like

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it's just

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Yeah, it's just one of those things. It's like it's gonna keep happening and it's it's probably unfortunately gonna happen

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And it's never gonna slow. You know

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But it is important to talk about and it is important to note. I mean

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even with

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the cases that you just mentioned like

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this diagnosis can

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Can lead to violent tendencies violent behaviors, you know, and if that's gonna prevent

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I mean even just the knowledge of having it can even prevent those things

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You know even the knowledge of saying, okay, I do struggle with cte and I am you know living with this diagnosis

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Now that I know that I can kind of keep it at bay and and you know

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At least try to treat it so that this doesn't happen and I don't end up committing a violent

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Right, so I know the you know we talked about

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Alexander Lewis rain well, was it?

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um that you know in his case it was like

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It's a very it was very quick when he started showing signs of schizophrenia

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But again, you know, there's no cure toward that towards that but

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Treatment is there and you know, I feel like the same way with cte

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You know the the damage has been done

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However, there are ways, you know that if you if you're aware of it and you and you treat it and you look for help and you

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get the help

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That you know it is possible to not

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have to

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Feel like you're regressive or or even just to live a full life. It's possible. Of course it is. Yeah

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Well, that's awesome. Thank you. I I knew a little bit about that, but I didn't know as much as I do now

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So thanks for the information and honestly like again, you know when we talk about

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The way that this could progress as a society. Maybe we don't have children ages six to twelve tackling each other

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You know hurting each other at such a young age

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You know, but again a lot of minds would have to change for something like that to happen

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Of course, yeah, I just I I think about the scientific community and the technology that we're going to develop when it comes to things like cte and

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Again, yeah, let me get those biomarkers and all that stuff. It'll be definitive proof like hey NFL

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This person shouldn't be doing this anymore. All right. They need they need to take care of themselves. Yeah

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Well, thanks for sharing. I was a good one. Sorry. It was a quick. No, it's fine

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You guys uh be on the lookout for the second part of Alexander Lewis-Renewal

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It'll probably be out next Tuesday if I would imagine just because of our schedules

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Um, so we're gonna make you wait for that one and chew on the first part of that for a little bit

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and then we'll come back with the

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with the information

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And in the meantime, you can follow us on instagram at diagnosing a killer. We have twitter at killer diagnosis

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You can email us at diagnosing a killer at gmail.com

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And you can donate to the patreon if you'd like patreon.com slash diagnosing a killer

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Thank you guys for listening and we will see you soon. All right. Love you. Bye

