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It's always a wild card when I do an opener.

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It's either gonna be something that I don't understand,

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something I haven't read, and so on.

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This one is outdated, but I think still needs to be read.

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Title is,

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Erie Geller vows to not mess King Charles' coronation

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as it's Spoon he better not touch.

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If you're confused by this heading,

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then just listen because I'm gonna tell you all about why.

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He's worried about a Spoon.

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Spoonbender extraordinaire let his fans in

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on one strange element of the coronation ceremony,

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but promises he won't try to mess

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with the priceless relic involved.

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Spoonbending paranormalist Erie Geller

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is very excited about the coronation of King Charles III

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as he vows not to mess with the proceedings.

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In a video filmed in his native Israel,

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the showman who claims he was gifted

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with paranormal powers by extraterrestrial visitors

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tells the story of the ancient golden Spoon.

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Spoon has been used to pour holy oil

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onto every new British monarch since the 14th century.

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Even then, according to historical documents,

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it was already antique.

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Quote, you can see it here right on the screen.

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And quote, Geller says,

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re-quote, this nearly thousand year old gold Spoon

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will anoint him with oil,

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and the oil was made here in the Holy Land

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just three days ago.

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This was more than three days ago in real time.

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Then he jokes, that's one Spoon I better not touch.

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The golden Spoon is first recorded in 1349

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as preserved among St. Edward's regalia.

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In Westminster Abbey and Maywell

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have been used for his coronation in 1272, that's a year.

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Described as being an antique form even then

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in the time of the Black Death,

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is regarded as a remarkable relic.

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Wait, they can only find a Spoon

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that goes back to the 1300s?

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I feel like you can find way older Spoons if you really want.

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You probably could.

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I am unimpressed by this Spoon.

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But this one's for anointing the kings and queens?

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And Chelsea, do you remember,

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does the name Eury Geller ring a bell for you?

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Yes.

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Okay, are we gonna bring it up or do we wanna do it now?

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That's why I chose this article.

52
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Okay, good.

53
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We'll talk about it at the end then.

54
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Okay, that's pretty much it.

55
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I'm not gonna go into, I mean, it's just gonna repeat itself.

56
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It actually goes on for a while,

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but I feel like that got its point to cut.

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We got the gist of the Spoon.

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Yeah.

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And for those of you who are listening

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and who don't know, first off, why we're talking about a Spoon,

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we're actually talking about Eury Geller, I believe,

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more importantly, and of course, King Chuck,

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who had to take the Dick's Some Lord move

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of kicking his brother out to the curb.

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Oh, right.

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But more importantly,

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I thought that's what we were calling British Andy now.

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No, British Andy's the one who got kicked to the curb

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for he was not paying rent.

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I just assumed.

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Cause he seems like that kind of guy, does he not?

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He sure does.

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Eury Geller was also on, what the freak was it?

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The remote viewing?

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Yeah, the remote viewing episodes.

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Project Stargate?

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Is that what it is?

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Oh God, I can't remember.

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Might have to listen to our episode.

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Yeah, I know.

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A lot of things happen between then and now.

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Yeah, so when I saw King Chuck and Eury Geller

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in one sentence, I was like,

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I got to read this for an opener.

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And hence, one of my infamous openers did we just receive.

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And I think one of the things that I most importantly learned

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from this intro is that Eury Geller's still alive.

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He is still alive.

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And you have to see this video too.

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He's just like so eccentric as well.

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And he's just like,

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I only watched the first two seconds of it.

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And you know he's so eccentric.

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I like that.

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Yeah, you can tell.

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He seems like the type.

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Yeah, I mean, he has to sell

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that he's bending spoons and stuff like that.

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Do you think he's just trying to steal the spoon for himself?

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Might be.

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He also, I don't really know what he's trying,

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is he trying to get more people

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to watch the anointing of King Charles or what?

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To see if he'll bend that spoon?

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Well, to be frank, I actually think

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it's not gonna get the ratings that people,

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I don't even know who would be thinking this,

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but the people think that it will be getting.

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I don't know that many people

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that are actually interested in the crown.

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No.

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Of course, I also thought that Avatar 2

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wouldn't do all that well.

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And by God, is it like the third highest grossing film

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of all time now?

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So what do I know?

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This had to have happened already.

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No, it hasn't happened yet.

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Oh, really?

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Yeah, I just saw some contentious thing about it.

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Well, that's right, with Harry's the one in Canada now, right?

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I don't think he's in Canada.

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Well, the one who's abandoned the royalty.

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Yeah, Harry.

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He's apparently going and it was a big deal

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and that came out this week, I believe, for last week.

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Okay, well then I'm right on time with this news.

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Well, it depends.

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This comes out in like two months.

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True, true.

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Okay.

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Whatever then.

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So man, is it gonna be weird if it happens

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and Yuri Geller shows up and just like,

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bends that spoon right in half and runs away?

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Yeah.

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Then boy, were we on the right track.

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And Shaxet, I told you not to, shaking his fist to the sky.

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Okay, so that's my opener.

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Okay.

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Just a little bit of reading and then some banter.

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So now I'm ready for some episode.

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Okay, perfect.

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Well, let's get to that.

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Okay.

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From the unexplained to the mundane.

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Come join us on a journey to the fringe.

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Hello and welcome to journey to the fringe.

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Now look, I know neither of us want to be here.

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So let's sit through it, put in our time

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and move on with our day.

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We are your podcast hosts, Taylor and Chelsea.

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And today we take a look at one of these mundane fringy boys

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that you guys are always clamoring on about.

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Today, of course, Chelsea, I'm gonna start this off

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with a question to you so that we can actually

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get into this topic.

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For those of you listening at home,

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just bearing through this,

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you probably know the answer to this question

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based on the title of the episode,

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but please refrain from answering for Chelsea

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or she is in the past.

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They have a foot up on me, it's not fair.

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Now, Chelsea, what would you say is the most irrigated crop

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in North America?

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Corn.

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That is a good guess.

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No, marijuana.

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I would guess that marijuana is not irrigated,

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mostly because you don't want people

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knowing about it being there.

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Well, some people do in Canada, if you're in Canada.

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Yeah, fair.

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I feel like I got corn.

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I can't think of anything else you put me on the spot.

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Okay, yeah, that's fair.

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That's fair.

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And you actually came up with a good guess based on that.

181
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But corn is a distant second in this situation.

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The most irrigated crop in the US at least

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with 40 million irrigated acres in the US is grass.

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It is our lawn.

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Well, that's messed up.

186
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Yeah, and actually, in fact,

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if you were to take all of the next three crops

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that are irrigated, that would be corn,

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soy, and orchards, it still far exceeds all the other crops.

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Lawn.

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Which is just so bizarre.

192
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And it doesn't even do anything.

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No, exactly.

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Just grass.

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Not only that, it makes up almost 2% of land use

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in North America.

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So if you're to throw just a dart randomly at a map of the US,

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there's a one in 50 chance that you hit lawn.

199
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Okay, that's not that high.

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I mean, it's pretty high considering all of the things

201
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that are in the US.

202
00:06:59,920 --> 00:07:00,760
That's what I meant actually.

203
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It's pretty high.

204
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Yes, okay.

205
00:07:03,600 --> 00:07:05,640
I meant the opposite.

206
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To be fair, just to put a disclaimer on that stat,

207
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I just said, when it comes to irrigated,

208
00:07:10,600 --> 00:07:12,880
technically more corn is grown,

209
00:07:12,880 --> 00:07:16,920
there are 80 million acres of corn grown in 2018 in the US,

210
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but we're talking irrigated.

211
00:07:18,560 --> 00:07:20,720
Not all of that corn crop is irrigated.

212
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When we're talking just irrigated, it is by far lawns.

213
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And if you're not including irrigation,

214
00:07:26,320 --> 00:07:28,280
I'm not actually sure I couldn't find a stat on that

215
00:07:28,280 --> 00:07:30,920
other than the 2% of land in the US is grass.

216
00:07:30,920 --> 00:07:33,160
Irrigated means watered.

217
00:07:33,160 --> 00:07:34,360
It has sprinkler systems.

218
00:07:34,360 --> 00:07:35,720
Okay, okay, good.

219
00:07:35,720 --> 00:07:37,840
I was thinking of the right thing.

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Just wanted to make sure we're all on the same page.

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00:07:41,160 --> 00:07:44,880
Today's episode is on lawns, just all about them.

222
00:07:44,880 --> 00:07:46,240
We're gonna go through the history.

223
00:07:46,240 --> 00:07:48,280
We're gonna talk about how there's such a horrible,

224
00:07:48,280 --> 00:07:51,280
ghastly thing and maybe if there's enough time

225
00:07:51,280 --> 00:07:52,880
at the end, we'll talk about how to fix it.

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I'm down for that.

227
00:07:53,800 --> 00:07:55,880
Okay, without further ado, let's get into this.

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00:07:55,880 --> 00:07:58,360
So Chelsea, if you were to place a guess

229
00:07:58,360 --> 00:08:01,560
on how far back we can go in history for lawns,

230
00:08:01,560 --> 00:08:03,120
how far back do you think they'd go?

231
00:08:03,120 --> 00:08:05,640
I wouldn't think that far, if I was being honest.

232
00:08:05,640 --> 00:08:10,640
I would think probably back to maybe the 40s or 50s.

233
00:08:12,040 --> 00:08:13,800
Okay, not a bad guess specifically

234
00:08:13,800 --> 00:08:16,280
with how we define lawns today.

235
00:08:16,280 --> 00:08:17,760
I think you're gonna be surprised actually.

236
00:08:17,760 --> 00:08:20,320
The first lawn came about in 1993

237
00:08:20,320 --> 00:08:22,640
when Jerry Seinfeld installed one

238
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to bring advertisement towards the show Seinfeld.

239
00:08:25,600 --> 00:08:27,200
That of course is not true.

240
00:08:27,200 --> 00:08:29,760
It goes back much further, but it was a fun fact to say.

241
00:08:29,760 --> 00:08:30,600
And I'm not asking.

242
00:08:30,600 --> 00:08:32,600
Yeah, I was like, I feel like this is a rate

243
00:08:32,600 --> 00:08:35,520
because I've been alive longer than lawn.

244
00:08:35,520 --> 00:08:37,240
You have been alive longer than lawns.

245
00:08:37,240 --> 00:08:39,080
No, the first lawn actually,

246
00:08:39,080 --> 00:08:41,840
it's hard to say how far back lawns go

247
00:08:41,840 --> 00:08:45,920
because this whole concept kind of predates the word lawn.

248
00:08:45,920 --> 00:08:48,920
Basically when we moved into a feudal system

249
00:08:48,920 --> 00:08:52,680
and started raising cattle on the outskirts of the castles,

250
00:08:52,680 --> 00:08:56,840
there was a grassy area for them to graze off of.

251
00:08:56,840 --> 00:08:58,040
Is that really a lawn?

252
00:08:58,040 --> 00:08:59,520
Well, it's kind of hard to say.

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00:08:59,520 --> 00:09:02,320
They may originate as grass enclosures

254
00:09:02,320 --> 00:09:03,920
within early medieval settlements

255
00:09:03,920 --> 00:09:06,240
used for communal grazing of livestock

256
00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:09,120
as distinct from fields reserved for agriculture.

257
00:09:09,120 --> 00:09:13,200
The word lawn apparently comes from about 1540

258
00:09:13,200 --> 00:09:15,800
from the old French L-A-N-D-E,

259
00:09:15,800 --> 00:09:18,200
which I'm going to take a stab at as landais.

260
00:09:18,200 --> 00:09:19,880
I highly doubt that's how it's said,

261
00:09:19,880 --> 00:09:22,040
but let's face it, French isn't a real language.

262
00:09:22,040 --> 00:09:24,360
It's so not.

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00:09:24,360 --> 00:09:27,360
Which is a word used to describe heath,

264
00:09:27,360 --> 00:09:29,880
more barren land or clearings.

265
00:09:29,880 --> 00:09:33,720
Lawns actually become popular a little bit after this

266
00:09:33,720 --> 00:09:35,800
with the aristocracy in Northern Europe

267
00:09:35,800 --> 00:09:37,480
from the Middle Ages onwards.

268
00:09:37,480 --> 00:09:40,040
In medieval Europe, open expanses of low grasses

269
00:09:40,040 --> 00:09:42,520
became valued among the aristocracy

270
00:09:42,520 --> 00:09:44,480
because they allowed those inside

271
00:09:44,480 --> 00:09:47,720
an enclosed fencer castle to view those approaching.

272
00:09:47,720 --> 00:09:49,800
Which you can see why that would be a good thing.

273
00:09:49,800 --> 00:09:52,200
You would want a bit of a clearing around your castle

274
00:09:52,200 --> 00:09:55,360
so you can just, you know, kind of take a peek around.

275
00:09:55,360 --> 00:09:57,320
And see if there's anyone hiding out there.

276
00:09:57,320 --> 00:10:00,480
Yes, or you know, see if the trees are encroaching

277
00:10:00,480 --> 00:10:04,120
on your castle so as they can foretell your doom

278
00:10:04,120 --> 00:10:05,720
as we see in Macbeth.

279
00:10:05,720 --> 00:10:06,560
Exactly.

280
00:10:06,560 --> 00:10:08,760
The early lawns were not always distinguishable

281
00:10:08,760 --> 00:10:10,280
at all from pasture lands.

282
00:10:10,280 --> 00:10:11,800
And that's why I say it's kind of hard to say

283
00:10:11,800 --> 00:10:13,280
where they actually come into place.

284
00:10:13,280 --> 00:10:15,840
Because pasture lands clearly predate lawns.

285
00:10:15,840 --> 00:10:17,360
It's just when you would actually define it as a lawn.

286
00:10:17,360 --> 00:10:19,600
Yes, I was not thinking pasture lawn

287
00:10:19,600 --> 00:10:20,560
when I made my guess.

288
00:10:20,560 --> 00:10:24,120
Okay, that's fair and that's why it is a weird thing to say.

289
00:10:24,120 --> 00:10:26,440
And I also say like Northern Europe

290
00:10:26,440 --> 00:10:28,720
because the damp climate of Maritime Western

291
00:10:28,720 --> 00:10:31,400
and Northern Europe is what really made lawns

292
00:10:31,400 --> 00:10:32,920
possible to grow and manage.

293
00:10:32,920 --> 00:10:35,160
And really this is where most grasses

294
00:10:35,160 --> 00:10:37,760
that you see today come from is these regions.

295
00:10:37,760 --> 00:10:38,960
What? That's weird.

296
00:10:38,960 --> 00:10:39,800
Yeah.

297
00:10:39,800 --> 00:10:42,320
By the 1700s they have evolved into a form

298
00:10:42,320 --> 00:10:44,160
of conspicuous consumption.

299
00:10:44,160 --> 00:10:47,080
Which is to say that by having land which could raise food

300
00:10:47,080 --> 00:10:49,160
but you instead use for decoration

301
00:10:49,160 --> 00:10:51,400
you were demonstrating your wealth.

302
00:10:51,400 --> 00:10:54,320
Lawns were deliberately cultivated by wealthies

303
00:10:54,320 --> 00:10:55,880
in both France and England.

304
00:10:55,880 --> 00:10:57,760
Though they were more likely planted with

305
00:10:57,760 --> 00:10:59,480
more than just grass at the time.

306
00:10:59,480 --> 00:11:01,760
So what you would actually see as lawn

307
00:11:01,760 --> 00:11:03,640
would also include things like camel meal,

308
00:11:03,640 --> 00:11:06,680
thyme, clover, dandelions, things like that.

309
00:11:06,680 --> 00:11:08,040
Just you know, shorter things

310
00:11:08,040 --> 00:11:10,160
that weren't necessarily a crop per se.

311
00:11:10,160 --> 00:11:11,880
Dandelions, no.

312
00:11:11,880 --> 00:11:14,200
Surprisingly what I usually thought of

313
00:11:14,200 --> 00:11:16,760
is just a normal part of a lawn for a long time.

314
00:11:16,760 --> 00:11:17,840
A beautiful flower.

315
00:11:17,840 --> 00:11:20,360
And intentionally brought to North America.

316
00:11:20,360 --> 00:11:21,360
What?

317
00:11:21,360 --> 00:11:22,200
Oh yeah.

318
00:11:22,200 --> 00:11:25,040
I mean we see these on lawns today still.

319
00:11:25,040 --> 00:11:27,160
A beautiful part of everybody's lawns.

320
00:11:27,160 --> 00:11:28,160
Yes.

321
00:11:28,160 --> 00:11:30,960
In the early 18th century landscape gardening

322
00:11:30,960 --> 00:11:33,080
for the aristocracy entered its

323
00:11:33,080 --> 00:11:34,920
what's considered golden age.

324
00:11:34,920 --> 00:11:37,000
And Chelsea what we're really describing here

325
00:11:37,000 --> 00:11:38,040
when we say golden age.

326
00:11:38,040 --> 00:11:40,520
Whenever you think of like those English mansions

327
00:11:40,520 --> 00:11:42,840
or English estates and castles.

328
00:11:42,840 --> 00:11:45,520
You just picture like there might be one or two trees.

329
00:11:45,520 --> 00:11:47,680
You might see like a babbling brook.

330
00:11:47,680 --> 00:11:50,600
And a few shrubs or shrubbery I guess

331
00:11:50,600 --> 00:11:51,960
is a better way to say it.

332
00:11:51,960 --> 00:11:53,560
Okay, I'm following, yeah.

333
00:11:53,560 --> 00:11:55,800
Yeah, you know for the knights who say need.

334
00:11:55,800 --> 00:11:57,160
Well what does it want?

335
00:11:57,160 --> 00:11:58,000
We want

336
00:12:00,040 --> 00:12:00,880
a shrubbery.

337
00:12:00,880 --> 00:12:01,720
A shrubbery.

338
00:12:01,720 --> 00:12:05,920
Anyhow, this is where this idea comes from is this era.

339
00:12:05,920 --> 00:12:08,880
This all came under the direction of a few gardeners.

340
00:12:08,880 --> 00:12:13,120
It's William Kent and probably the like biggest name

341
00:12:13,120 --> 00:12:14,480
that we've ever said on this show.

342
00:12:14,480 --> 00:12:17,320
Not based on like the infamir famousness.

343
00:12:17,320 --> 00:12:20,120
Just Chelsea prepare yourself for this name.

344
00:12:20,120 --> 00:12:23,760
Lancelot capability Brown.

345
00:12:23,760 --> 00:12:26,440
What capability as a middle name.

346
00:12:26,440 --> 00:12:28,000
It's quotation marked.

347
00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:31,800
So I think that was his nickname, but what the fuck?

348
00:12:31,800 --> 00:12:34,440
Capability is quotation.

349
00:12:34,440 --> 00:12:35,280
Yeah.

350
00:12:35,280 --> 00:12:37,560
You never know that could be his given birth name.

351
00:12:37,560 --> 00:12:38,400
Yeah.

352
00:12:38,400 --> 00:12:39,520
Capability and quotate.

353
00:12:39,520 --> 00:12:41,560
I didn't know you could quotation the name.

354
00:12:41,560 --> 00:12:43,080
You probably could actually.

355
00:12:43,080 --> 00:12:43,920
Now that I think about it.

356
00:12:43,920 --> 00:12:44,760
I think about that.

357
00:12:44,760 --> 00:12:45,600
Yeah.

358
00:12:45,600 --> 00:12:46,440
That is some name.

359
00:12:46,440 --> 00:12:49,800
I'm also impressed that there are specific gardeners

360
00:12:49,800 --> 00:12:51,600
that this goes back to.

361
00:12:51,600 --> 00:12:52,440
Yeah.

362
00:12:52,440 --> 00:12:54,080
The rich people love their gardeners,

363
00:12:54,080 --> 00:12:55,720
especially right around this time.

364
00:12:55,720 --> 00:12:58,960
Tip for all those listening and myself for the future.

365
00:12:58,960 --> 00:13:02,200
I need to make note of this great fact for dinner party.

366
00:13:02,200 --> 00:13:03,520
He's great.

367
00:13:03,520 --> 00:13:04,560
I'm reshaping this.

368
00:13:04,560 --> 00:13:06,520
And by the way, I am not shorting this

369
00:13:06,520 --> 00:13:09,080
for the rest of this episode when it comes back to it.

370
00:13:09,080 --> 00:13:11,800
It will be Lancelot capability.

371
00:13:11,800 --> 00:13:15,240
And then maybe I include that last name of breath.

372
00:13:15,240 --> 00:13:17,680
Because just you can't shorten that.

373
00:13:17,680 --> 00:13:18,520
Love it.

374
00:13:18,520 --> 00:13:19,040
OK.

375
00:13:19,040 --> 00:13:21,440
So anyhow, Lancelot capability Brown

376
00:13:21,440 --> 00:13:23,160
and this other dumb guy who I can't even

377
00:13:23,160 --> 00:13:25,320
remember his name anymore because he wasn't named

378
00:13:25,320 --> 00:13:28,760
Lancelot capability Brown refined the English landscape

379
00:13:28,760 --> 00:13:32,600
garden style with designs of natural or quote romantic

380
00:13:32,600 --> 00:13:35,440
and quote estate settings for wealthy Englishmen.

381
00:13:35,440 --> 00:13:37,360
Lancelot capability are remembered

382
00:13:37,360 --> 00:13:42,400
as England's greatest gardener designed over 170 parks, many

383
00:13:42,400 --> 00:13:43,600
of which still endure.

384
00:13:43,600 --> 00:13:45,800
His influence was so great that the contributions

385
00:13:45,800 --> 00:13:48,960
to the English garden made his predecessors, Charles Bridgeman

386
00:13:48,960 --> 00:13:52,520
and William Kent often overlooked mostly due to their names

387
00:13:52,520 --> 00:13:53,040
as well.

388
00:13:53,040 --> 00:13:55,240
We're just going to we need to include that.

389
00:13:55,240 --> 00:13:57,040
It would have to agree 100%.

390
00:13:57,040 --> 00:13:59,640
His work still endures at Kroom Court,

391
00:13:59,640 --> 00:14:03,840
Blenheim Palace, Warwick Castle, Harwood House,

392
00:14:03,840 --> 00:14:08,360
Bowwood House, Milton Abbey and in traces at Q gardens

393
00:14:08,360 --> 00:14:10,480
and many other locations in the UK.

394
00:14:10,480 --> 00:14:14,440
His style of smooth undulating lawns which ran seamlessly

395
00:14:14,440 --> 00:14:17,520
to the house in Meadow, plumps, belts and scatterings

396
00:14:17,520 --> 00:14:20,320
of trees and his serpentine lakes formed

397
00:14:20,320 --> 00:14:22,680
by invisibly damning small rivers

398
00:14:22,680 --> 00:14:25,120
or a new style within the English landscape,

399
00:14:25,120 --> 00:14:27,520
a garden less form of landscape gardening,

400
00:14:27,520 --> 00:14:30,840
which swept away almost all the remnants of previous formerly

401
00:14:30,840 --> 00:14:32,040
pattern styles.

402
00:14:32,040 --> 00:14:34,720
His landscapes were fundamentally different from what

403
00:14:34,720 --> 00:14:38,200
they replaced and the well known formal guards of England,

404
00:14:38,200 --> 00:14:41,120
which were criticized by Alexander Pope and others

405
00:14:41,120 --> 00:14:42,760
from the 1710s.

406
00:14:42,760 --> 00:14:46,000
Now that is a history you can really appreciate.

407
00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:46,880
That really is.

408
00:14:46,880 --> 00:14:50,040
And you know some guy who spent way too many years

409
00:14:50,040 --> 00:14:52,840
at Cambridge University wrote that sentence.

410
00:14:52,840 --> 00:14:54,160
That came right from Wikipedia.

411
00:14:54,160 --> 00:14:55,120
You know that.

412
00:14:55,120 --> 00:14:57,760
Oh, that's for sure like an art history class.

413
00:14:57,760 --> 00:15:00,800
Seriously, you think like 301 or something.

414
00:15:00,800 --> 00:15:01,320
Oh yeah.

415
00:15:01,320 --> 00:15:03,240
Dude, Cambridge Maristocracy never had

416
00:15:03,240 --> 00:15:05,280
to worry about wealth and day in his life.

417
00:15:05,280 --> 00:15:07,680
So he was able to come up with that sentence

418
00:15:07,680 --> 00:15:11,120
over the course of three to six months.

419
00:15:11,120 --> 00:15:14,320
And wow, everybody's yard looked like shit before this,

420
00:15:14,320 --> 00:15:16,240
before Lancelot capability.

421
00:15:16,240 --> 00:15:16,920
What a guy.

422
00:15:16,920 --> 00:15:18,480
Yeah, Lancelot capability.

423
00:15:18,480 --> 00:15:20,920
You've really fixed the fact that everything was natural

424
00:15:20,920 --> 00:15:22,680
and now you just made it grass.

425
00:15:22,680 --> 00:15:24,760
Incredible.

426
00:15:24,760 --> 00:15:26,000
What a time to be alive.

427
00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:29,760
What a time to be alive.

428
00:15:29,760 --> 00:15:32,640
From there, the open and this is called the English style.

429
00:15:32,640 --> 00:15:33,440
Thank you for that.

430
00:15:33,440 --> 00:15:36,080
It should have been called the Lancelot capability style.

431
00:15:36,080 --> 00:15:36,960
It really should have.

432
00:15:36,960 --> 00:15:39,040
But let's just keep going on with this.

433
00:15:39,040 --> 00:15:41,600
Of Parkland first spread across Britain and Ireland

434
00:15:41,600 --> 00:15:44,640
and then across Europe, such as the Garden à la France.

435
00:15:44,640 --> 00:15:46,760
Being replaced by the French landscape guard.

436
00:15:46,760 --> 00:15:49,680
And by this time, the word quote, lawn and quote,

437
00:15:49,680 --> 00:15:52,480
in England had semantically shifted to describe a piece

438
00:15:52,480 --> 00:15:55,600
of a garden covered with grass and closely mown.

439
00:15:55,600 --> 00:15:58,320
Wealthy families in America during the late 18th century

440
00:15:58,320 --> 00:16:01,160
also began mimicking this English landscaping style.

441
00:16:01,160 --> 00:16:04,320
And Chelsea, I just need to say it at this point

442
00:16:04,320 --> 00:16:07,240
because we're talking about mown grass or mowed lawns.

443
00:16:07,240 --> 00:16:08,960
What do you think that entails at the time?

444
00:16:08,960 --> 00:16:11,320
We bring in the cows in to eat the grass.

445
00:16:11,320 --> 00:16:14,400
That actually is at one very useful way of doing it.

446
00:16:14,400 --> 00:16:15,840
It's usually sheep they bring in.

447
00:16:15,840 --> 00:16:17,720
I was just going to say sheep, maybe.

448
00:16:17,720 --> 00:16:21,080
Cows bring in unsightly other parts

449
00:16:21,080 --> 00:16:22,600
when they are cutting the grass.

450
00:16:22,600 --> 00:16:25,120
Whereas sheep also do that.

451
00:16:25,120 --> 00:16:27,000
Sheep dropped a little pellets.

452
00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:29,480
Oh, OK.

453
00:16:29,480 --> 00:16:30,360
Another good guess.

454
00:16:30,360 --> 00:16:31,440
I'm going to roll tonight.

455
00:16:31,440 --> 00:16:32,040
You are.

456
00:16:32,040 --> 00:16:34,240
But actually, if you were aristocracy,

457
00:16:34,240 --> 00:16:36,960
how you would maintain your lawns in the day

458
00:16:36,960 --> 00:16:38,560
would be with sites.

459
00:16:38,560 --> 00:16:39,320
Oh.

460
00:16:39,320 --> 00:16:41,400
The Grim Reaper, in fact, would be someone

461
00:16:41,400 --> 00:16:44,680
you could call on to end the life of your too tall of grass

462
00:16:44,680 --> 00:16:47,240
so that their short and brethren can take over.

463
00:16:47,240 --> 00:16:47,920
OK.

464
00:16:47,920 --> 00:16:51,040
This would take absolute teams of people

465
00:16:51,040 --> 00:16:52,840
who might be able, a team of five,

466
00:16:52,840 --> 00:16:54,800
might be able to cover like an acre a day.

467
00:16:54,800 --> 00:16:55,880
Would that even work?

468
00:16:55,880 --> 00:16:58,520
Chelsea, if you could go to YouTube,

469
00:16:58,520 --> 00:17:00,720
you could type in siphon a lawn and you

470
00:17:00,720 --> 00:17:01,960
can see people doing this.

471
00:17:01,960 --> 00:17:03,000
Oh, I'm watching it.

472
00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:04,880
I was way ahead of you because I'm not

473
00:17:04,880 --> 00:17:06,440
understanding how it could happen.

474
00:17:06,440 --> 00:17:09,120
You would think you'd need some sort of scissors or something.

475
00:17:09,120 --> 00:17:10,000
You would.

476
00:17:10,000 --> 00:17:12,920
But apparently, it's just a really fucking sharp scythe.

477
00:17:12,920 --> 00:17:16,520
This is like something I would never be interested in.

478
00:17:16,520 --> 00:17:19,880
I think you need to get the lawn particularly tall as well.

479
00:17:19,880 --> 00:17:21,280
Because if you see them cutting it,

480
00:17:21,280 --> 00:17:23,800
it leaves behind like hay-length stuff.

481
00:17:23,800 --> 00:17:24,320
It does.

482
00:17:24,320 --> 00:17:26,000
And it looks like a lot of work.

483
00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:28,680
Now I'm just wondering how it came from this

484
00:17:28,680 --> 00:17:31,400
to be associated with the Grim Reaper.

485
00:17:31,400 --> 00:17:33,920
I mean, it could be because it looks like a lot of work.

486
00:17:33,920 --> 00:17:37,920
We probably cover that in another episode at some time.

487
00:17:37,920 --> 00:17:39,360
Fuck, I wish I was dead.

488
00:17:39,360 --> 00:17:40,640
This sucks.

489
00:17:40,640 --> 00:17:42,600
Or they just keeled over.

490
00:17:42,600 --> 00:17:46,160
Never interested in doing that in my life for the record.

491
00:17:46,160 --> 00:17:47,040
No, God, no.

492
00:17:47,040 --> 00:17:47,640
That's awful.

493
00:17:47,640 --> 00:17:51,160
Anyhow, the aristocracy of its day from North America

494
00:17:51,160 --> 00:17:53,080
sees these fancy people in Europe

495
00:17:53,080 --> 00:17:56,240
with their fanciful lawns and their fanciful sides

496
00:17:56,240 --> 00:17:57,560
and all this shit going on.

497
00:17:57,560 --> 00:17:59,280
And one of them being Thomas Jefferson,

498
00:17:59,280 --> 00:18:02,520
he decides that he actually wants to do a lawn in his yard

499
00:18:02,520 --> 00:18:04,360
in Monticello in 1806.

500
00:18:04,360 --> 00:18:07,240
So he really brings this idea over to North America.

501
00:18:07,240 --> 00:18:09,240
But that's just a little skip there.

502
00:18:09,240 --> 00:18:11,640
We're going to come back to that idea to try to emulate it.

503
00:18:11,640 --> 00:18:13,760
However, it should be noted that these were just

504
00:18:13,760 --> 00:18:17,120
the upper echelons of society who are maintaining lawns.

505
00:18:17,120 --> 00:18:18,120
That's all it is.

506
00:18:18,120 --> 00:18:20,240
Although it was pretty much just grass,

507
00:18:20,240 --> 00:18:22,320
it generally also had other things in it.

508
00:18:22,320 --> 00:18:24,560
Dandelions, clovers, times, camomile.

509
00:18:24,560 --> 00:18:28,600
There was some makings of pesticides in its day.

510
00:18:28,600 --> 00:18:30,800
It was pretty much just salt and acid.

511
00:18:30,800 --> 00:18:31,400
Oh, that sounds good.

512
00:18:31,400 --> 00:18:36,080
And people would be using hundreds of pounds of salt per acre

513
00:18:36,080 --> 00:18:38,520
to get rid of unsightly parts of their lawn.

514
00:18:38,520 --> 00:18:40,440
It's really bad.

515
00:18:40,440 --> 00:18:43,640
And the meals sound nice to grow in grass, though, and clothe.

516
00:18:43,640 --> 00:18:44,880
Oh, yeah, it does.

517
00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:46,360
All of it actually sounds pretty nice.

518
00:18:46,360 --> 00:18:47,920
All of it soft on the foot.

519
00:18:47,920 --> 00:18:50,280
And importantly, useful.

520
00:18:50,280 --> 00:18:51,400
All of it is useful.

521
00:18:51,400 --> 00:18:52,640
That does sound very nice.

522
00:18:52,640 --> 00:18:55,440
From there, we're going to move back in time a little bit.

523
00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:57,160
And we're going to look at North America now.

524
00:18:57,160 --> 00:18:59,800
Prior to European colonization, the grasses

525
00:18:59,800 --> 00:19:01,320
of the East Coast of North America

526
00:19:01,320 --> 00:19:04,640
were mostly broom straw, wild rye, and marsh grass.

527
00:19:04,640 --> 00:19:06,200
As Europeans moved into the region,

528
00:19:06,200 --> 00:19:09,040
it was noted by colonists in New England, more than others,

529
00:19:09,040 --> 00:19:11,520
that the grasses of the New World were inferior to those

530
00:19:11,520 --> 00:19:13,040
of England, and that their livestock

531
00:19:13,040 --> 00:19:14,960
sieved to receive less nutrition from it.

532
00:19:14,960 --> 00:19:17,760
In fact, once livestock brought overseas from Europe,

533
00:19:17,760 --> 00:19:19,960
spread throughout the colonies, much of the native grasses

534
00:19:19,960 --> 00:19:21,520
of New England disappeared.

535
00:19:21,520 --> 00:19:23,880
And in the inventory list from the 17th century,

536
00:19:23,880 --> 00:19:26,960
noted supplies of clover and grass seed from England.

537
00:19:26,960 --> 00:19:30,720
New colonists were even urged by their country and companies

538
00:19:30,720 --> 00:19:33,240
to bring grass seed with them to North America.

539
00:19:33,240 --> 00:19:35,760
By the late 17th century, a new market

540
00:19:35,760 --> 00:19:38,560
in imported grass seed had begun in New England.

541
00:19:38,560 --> 00:19:40,680
Much of these new grasses brought by Europeans

542
00:19:40,680 --> 00:19:43,520
spread quickly and effectively, often ahead of the colonists.

543
00:19:43,520 --> 00:19:46,840
One such species, Bermuda grass, became the most important

544
00:19:46,840 --> 00:19:48,760
pasture grass for the southern colonies.

545
00:19:48,760 --> 00:19:51,880
And Kentucky bluegrass is a grass native to Europe

546
00:19:51,880 --> 00:19:52,760
or the Middle East.

547
00:19:52,760 --> 00:19:55,200
It was likely carried to Midwestern United States

548
00:19:55,200 --> 00:19:57,880
in the early 1600s by French missionaries

549
00:19:57,880 --> 00:20:01,320
and spread via the waterways to the regions around Kentucky,

550
00:20:01,320 --> 00:20:02,520
where it got its name from.

551
00:20:02,520 --> 00:20:05,720
Like I said, these grasses that you consider on lawns,

552
00:20:05,720 --> 00:20:07,440
none of them are native to North America.

553
00:20:07,440 --> 00:20:10,880
They all come from Europe, just named differently

554
00:20:10,880 --> 00:20:11,720
than you'd expect.

555
00:20:11,720 --> 00:20:15,560
Like Bermuda grass, you'd think Bermuda, nope, Europe.

556
00:20:15,560 --> 00:20:16,800
That's super weird.

557
00:20:16,800 --> 00:20:19,000
Kentucky bluegrass, the one that most people think of

558
00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:20,680
for grass, nope, Europe.

559
00:20:20,680 --> 00:20:22,120
Not Kentucky at all.

560
00:20:22,120 --> 00:20:24,400
And I do just want to add at this point too,

561
00:20:24,400 --> 00:20:27,160
they're surprised that they brought these animals

562
00:20:27,160 --> 00:20:30,320
that have evolved or at least been husband-dreed

563
00:20:30,320 --> 00:20:33,280
to a point to survive off particular plants

564
00:20:33,280 --> 00:20:34,680
that exist in Europe.

565
00:20:34,680 --> 00:20:36,520
And then they brought them to North America

566
00:20:36,520 --> 00:20:38,920
and were surprised when they couldn't sustain themselves

567
00:20:38,920 --> 00:20:41,080
on the things that were there.

568
00:20:41,080 --> 00:20:41,920
Makes sense.

569
00:20:41,920 --> 00:20:44,960
So they said, oh fuck, I guess we gotta bring this stuff in.

570
00:20:44,960 --> 00:20:47,880
That's more or less how it goes for a long time.

571
00:20:47,880 --> 00:20:50,800
It's just kind of slowly propagates across North America

572
00:20:50,800 --> 00:20:52,120
because people brought that in.

573
00:20:52,120 --> 00:20:54,560
In a lot of places like in the South

574
00:20:54,560 --> 00:20:56,160
you would have your plantations.

575
00:20:56,160 --> 00:21:00,160
They happen to have what I can very uncomfortably

576
00:21:00,160 --> 00:21:03,760
call a workforce going on around their plantations.

577
00:21:03,760 --> 00:21:06,200
So they have the means of siding their lawns

578
00:21:06,200 --> 00:21:08,120
down to a particular height.

579
00:21:08,120 --> 00:21:10,080
In the North, you have some rich people

580
00:21:10,080 --> 00:21:11,600
so it slowly picks up.

581
00:21:11,600 --> 00:21:14,080
But really what makes it take off in North America

582
00:21:14,080 --> 00:21:15,520
is the invention of the lawnmower.

583
00:21:15,520 --> 00:21:16,960
Which Chelsea, do you want to take a stab

584
00:21:16,960 --> 00:21:18,960
at the year it was invented?

585
00:21:18,960 --> 00:21:22,400
1940, 30, 40.

586
00:21:22,400 --> 00:21:23,720
1837.

587
00:21:23,720 --> 00:21:24,720
What?

588
00:21:24,720 --> 00:21:25,840
Oh, hold on, hold on.

589
00:21:25,840 --> 00:21:28,120
Before I'm thinking of a riding.

590
00:21:28,120 --> 00:21:29,720
You're thinking of the wrong kind.

591
00:21:29,720 --> 00:21:31,720
Okay, so I go with what you said.

592
00:21:31,720 --> 00:21:34,920
Okay, good.

593
00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:36,640
And the guy who invented it,

594
00:21:36,640 --> 00:21:40,000
he worked at a carpet manufacturing facility.

595
00:21:40,000 --> 00:21:42,480
They had this thing that was used at the very end

596
00:21:42,480 --> 00:21:44,080
when they finished making the carpets.

597
00:21:44,080 --> 00:21:45,640
They ran this thing over to make sure

598
00:21:45,640 --> 00:21:48,160
all the carpet strands were evenly lengthed.

599
00:21:48,160 --> 00:21:50,880
And he said, hey, you know what's like a carpet

600
00:21:50,880 --> 00:21:52,800
is green stuff outside.

601
00:21:52,800 --> 00:21:56,160
I bet you could use this same tool out on the grass.

602
00:21:56,160 --> 00:21:58,720
And he kind of just takes this machine,

603
00:21:58,720 --> 00:22:00,280
adds wheels to the side,

604
00:22:00,280 --> 00:22:03,160
a few gears to make the middle spin faster than the outside.

605
00:22:03,160 --> 00:22:04,760
And he says, there we go, we got a lawnmower.

606
00:22:04,760 --> 00:22:05,600
And invention.

607
00:22:05,600 --> 00:22:07,600
I don't think he called it that at the time,

608
00:22:07,600 --> 00:22:09,000
but that's what happened.

609
00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:11,240
This thing absolutely takes off

610
00:22:11,240 --> 00:22:14,520
in North America in the 1860s.

611
00:22:14,520 --> 00:22:15,520
I would assume so.

612
00:22:15,520 --> 00:22:18,880
Nobody wants to use fucking size anymore.

613
00:22:18,880 --> 00:22:22,880
1860s most importantly, Chelsea, is post-Civil War.

614
00:22:22,880 --> 00:22:25,920
So labor isn't as cheap as it used to be.

615
00:22:25,920 --> 00:22:29,120
Yes, also correct.

616
00:22:29,120 --> 00:22:30,640
And also around this time,

617
00:22:30,640 --> 00:22:32,680
there was an increasing popularity of sports

618
00:22:32,680 --> 00:22:34,280
in the mid-Victorian period.

619
00:22:34,280 --> 00:22:37,680
The lawnmower was used to craft modern style sporting ovals,

620
00:22:37,680 --> 00:22:40,160
playing fields, pitches, grass courts for the nation,

621
00:22:40,160 --> 00:22:43,640
sports of football, lawnmowing, lawn tennis, and golf.

622
00:22:43,640 --> 00:22:46,400
The rise of suburbanization in the interwar period

623
00:22:46,400 --> 00:22:48,760
was heavily influenced by the Garden City movement

624
00:22:48,760 --> 00:22:50,440
of Ebenezer Howard in the creation

625
00:22:50,440 --> 00:22:53,120
of the first garden suburbs at the start of the 20th century.

626
00:22:53,120 --> 00:22:55,360
The garden suburb developed through the efforts

627
00:22:55,360 --> 00:22:57,720
of social reformer Henrietta Barnett,

628
00:22:57,720 --> 00:22:59,920
and her husband exemplified the incorporation

629
00:22:59,920 --> 00:23:02,720
of the well-manicured lawn in the suburban lifestyle.

630
00:23:02,720 --> 00:23:04,680
Lawns began to proliferate in America

631
00:23:04,680 --> 00:23:06,360
from the 1870s onwards

632
00:23:06,360 --> 00:23:08,760
as more plants were introduced from Europe.

633
00:23:08,760 --> 00:23:10,720
Lawns became smaller as they were filled

634
00:23:10,720 --> 00:23:13,840
with flower beds, perennial sculptures, and water features.

635
00:23:13,840 --> 00:23:16,200
Eventually, the wealthy began to move away from the cities

636
00:23:16,200 --> 00:23:18,440
and into the suburbs of their own volition

637
00:23:18,440 --> 00:23:21,080
because it got a little too industry in the cities.

638
00:23:21,080 --> 00:23:23,600
And it was a little gross, pollution-wise,

639
00:23:23,600 --> 00:23:25,560
and the trains kind of started to expand,

640
00:23:25,560 --> 00:23:27,560
so suburbs actually became viable.

641
00:23:27,560 --> 00:23:30,840
So this is also kind of what lawns take off as well.

642
00:23:30,840 --> 00:23:34,960
There's so many points in history in which lawns take off.

643
00:23:34,960 --> 00:23:37,080
There's just always a little tick up.

644
00:23:37,080 --> 00:23:38,200
Always a little tick up.

645
00:23:38,200 --> 00:23:40,640
There's always so much more potential for it.

646
00:23:40,640 --> 00:23:43,000
In 1856, an architectural book was published

647
00:23:43,000 --> 00:23:45,080
to accompany the development of the new suburbia

648
00:23:45,080 --> 00:23:47,000
that placed importance on the availability

649
00:23:47,000 --> 00:23:49,200
of a grassy space for children to play

650
00:23:49,200 --> 00:23:51,440
and a space to grow fruits and vegetables

651
00:23:51,440 --> 00:23:53,680
that further imbued the lawn with cultural importance.

652
00:23:53,680 --> 00:23:55,880
Lawns began making more appearances

653
00:23:55,880 --> 00:23:58,800
at development plans, magazine articles, and catalogs,

654
00:23:58,800 --> 00:24:00,440
and the lawn became less associated

655
00:24:00,440 --> 00:24:01,880
with being a status symbol

656
00:24:01,880 --> 00:24:05,000
instead of giving way to a landscape of aesthetics.

657
00:24:05,000 --> 00:24:08,000
And this is really, if you're gonna look at one point in time

658
00:24:08,000 --> 00:24:11,720
where you say this is where the modern day lawn comes from,

659
00:24:11,720 --> 00:24:13,600
it is post-World War II.

660
00:24:13,600 --> 00:24:15,960
So 1940s, Chelsea, you are bang on.

661
00:24:15,960 --> 00:24:18,120
After World War II, people come home

662
00:24:18,120 --> 00:24:20,120
with their pensions from World War II,

663
00:24:20,120 --> 00:24:22,320
and a lot of people are looking for homes,

664
00:24:22,320 --> 00:24:24,960
and there is a baby boom, so people want houses.

665
00:24:24,960 --> 00:24:26,880
The company Levitt & Co.

666
00:24:26,880 --> 00:24:30,480
grates a town outside of New York called Levitt Town.

667
00:24:30,480 --> 00:24:32,920
Sorry, Levitt & Sons, that's the name of the company.

668
00:24:32,920 --> 00:24:34,760
A company by the name of Levitt & Sons.

669
00:24:34,760 --> 00:24:36,400
I thought that was the name of the company.

670
00:24:36,400 --> 00:24:37,520
Oh no.

671
00:24:37,520 --> 00:24:40,280
No, Levitt Town is the name of the town.

672
00:24:40,280 --> 00:24:42,200
Levitt & Sons is the name of the company.

673
00:24:42,200 --> 00:24:46,760
So Levitt & Sons buys up 1,000 acres of potato farms

674
00:24:46,760 --> 00:24:49,240
on Long Island just outside of New York,

675
00:24:49,240 --> 00:24:53,200
and what they do is they plan to build 6,000 low-priced homes,

676
00:24:53,200 --> 00:24:56,040
making it much larger than any other U.S. development

677
00:24:56,040 --> 00:24:57,000
to that point.

678
00:24:57,000 --> 00:25:00,120
On July 1st, 1947, Levitt & Sons broke ground

679
00:25:00,120 --> 00:25:02,960
on the $50 million development of Levitt Town,

680
00:25:02,960 --> 00:25:06,080
which ultimately included 17,000 homes

681
00:25:06,080 --> 00:25:09,120
on 7.3 square miles of land.

682
00:25:09,120 --> 00:25:12,160
In today's price, that's $607 million

683
00:25:12,160 --> 00:25:13,640
for that area of land.

684
00:25:13,640 --> 00:25:15,520
There were two kind of people involved,

685
00:25:15,520 --> 00:25:17,720
Alfred and Abraham, they're the Levitts.

686
00:25:17,720 --> 00:25:19,680
Alfred created the mass production techniques

687
00:25:19,680 --> 00:25:22,680
used in design the homes and the layout of the development

688
00:25:22,680 --> 00:25:24,000
with its curving streets.

689
00:25:24,000 --> 00:25:26,240
Abraham directed the landscaping,

690
00:25:26,240 --> 00:25:29,200
whose focus was two trees to each front yard,

691
00:25:29,200 --> 00:25:31,440
all planted exactly the same distance apart,

692
00:25:31,440 --> 00:25:33,240
and William was the financier and promoter,

693
00:25:33,240 --> 00:25:35,520
and sorry, there's three Levitts, not two.

694
00:25:35,520 --> 00:25:37,640
He created lawmakers to rewrite the laws

695
00:25:37,640 --> 00:25:39,200
that made Levitt Town possible.

696
00:25:39,200 --> 00:25:42,360
The houses, which were in the Cape Cod and Rancho style,

697
00:25:42,360 --> 00:25:44,560
sat on a seventh of an acre lot,

698
00:25:44,560 --> 00:25:48,760
and they had 750 square feet houses with two bedrooms,

699
00:25:48,760 --> 00:25:50,200
a living room with a television,

700
00:25:50,200 --> 00:25:52,000
and a kitchen with modern appliances,

701
00:25:52,000 --> 00:25:54,560
an unfinished second floor and no garage.

702
00:25:54,560 --> 00:25:57,040
This is super weird, they're just making the neighborhood

703
00:25:57,040 --> 00:25:59,360
look exactly the same like they want it.

704
00:25:59,360 --> 00:26:02,320
Yeah, they kind of take the assembly line,

705
00:26:02,320 --> 00:26:05,040
mass production style, and they put it to housing.

706
00:26:05,040 --> 00:26:07,520
I believe they had like a 27 step technique

707
00:26:07,520 --> 00:26:08,680
for building a house,

708
00:26:08,680 --> 00:26:10,840
and they just mass produced these things.

709
00:26:10,840 --> 00:26:14,000
And Abraham Levitt also wrote this to kind of describe it,

710
00:26:14,000 --> 00:26:16,280
no single feature of a suburban residential community

711
00:26:16,280 --> 00:26:18,520
contributes as much to the charm and beauty

712
00:26:18,520 --> 00:26:20,680
of the individual home and the locality

713
00:26:20,680 --> 00:26:22,640
as a well kept lawn, end quote.

714
00:26:22,640 --> 00:26:24,600
Landscaping was one of the most important factors

715
00:26:24,600 --> 00:26:25,760
in Levitt Town's success,

716
00:26:25,760 --> 00:26:27,920
and no feature was more prominent than the lawn.

717
00:26:27,920 --> 00:26:30,400
The Levitts understood that landscaping could add

718
00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:32,000
to the appeal of their development,

719
00:26:32,000 --> 00:26:33,000
and claimed that quote,

720
00:26:33,000 --> 00:26:36,040
increase in values are most often found in neighborhoods

721
00:26:36,040 --> 00:26:39,000
where lawns show as green carpets, end quote,

722
00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:41,120
and that for over the years, quote,

723
00:26:41,120 --> 00:26:43,920
lawns, trees, and shrubs become more valuable,

724
00:26:43,920 --> 00:26:46,800
both aesthetically and monetarily, end quote.

725
00:26:46,800 --> 00:26:48,920
As well as symbol of the American dream,

726
00:26:48,920 --> 00:26:52,080
Levitt Town would also become a symbol of racial segregation.

727
00:26:52,080 --> 00:26:53,760
Right, sorry, I meant to say this.

728
00:26:53,760 --> 00:26:55,440
Lawns are also kind of racist,

729
00:26:55,440 --> 00:26:56,960
at least from where they come from,

730
00:26:56,960 --> 00:26:59,360
because Levitt Town had a clause

731
00:26:59,360 --> 00:27:01,080
in their standard lease agreement

732
00:27:01,080 --> 00:27:03,640
that specifically said in bold type

733
00:27:03,640 --> 00:27:06,360
that the house could not be used or occupied

734
00:27:06,360 --> 00:27:09,480
by any person other than members of the Caucasian race.

735
00:27:09,480 --> 00:27:12,160
Oh my God, that's horrifying.

736
00:27:12,160 --> 00:27:14,080
Such discriminatory housing standards

737
00:27:14,080 --> 00:27:16,400
were consistent with government policies at the time.

738
00:27:16,400 --> 00:27:18,480
The Federal Housing Administration allowed developers

739
00:27:18,480 --> 00:27:20,400
to justify segregation with public housing.

740
00:27:20,400 --> 00:27:23,520
The FHA only offered mortgages to non-mixed developments,

741
00:27:23,520 --> 00:27:25,280
which discouraged developers

742
00:27:25,280 --> 00:27:27,480
from creating racially integrated housing.

743
00:27:27,480 --> 00:27:30,000
And before the sale of Levitt Town homes began,

744
00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:32,800
the sales agents were aware that no applications

745
00:27:32,800 --> 00:27:34,560
from black families would be accepted.

746
00:27:34,560 --> 00:27:37,240
As a result, American veterans who wished to purchase

747
00:27:37,240 --> 00:27:39,480
a home in Levitt Town were unable to do so

748
00:27:39,480 --> 00:27:40,320
if they were black.

749
00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:42,320
William Levitt justified their decision

750
00:27:42,320 --> 00:27:44,320
to only sell homes to white families

751
00:27:44,320 --> 00:27:47,840
by saying that it was in the best interest of the business.

752
00:27:47,840 --> 00:27:50,240
He claimed their actions were not discriminatory,

753
00:27:50,240 --> 00:27:53,480
but intended to maintain the value of their property.

754
00:27:53,480 --> 00:27:54,960
Oh my God.

755
00:27:54,960 --> 00:27:57,040
The company explained that it was not possible

756
00:27:57,040 --> 00:27:58,600
to reduce racial segregation

757
00:27:58,600 --> 00:28:02,000
while they were attempting to reduce the housing shortage.

758
00:28:02,000 --> 00:28:03,800
So yeah, that's fun.

759
00:28:03,800 --> 00:28:06,840
Basically, whenever you're going back to pre-1960s,

760
00:28:06,840 --> 00:28:09,560
you're gonna find something deeply racist.

761
00:28:09,560 --> 00:28:11,400
Unfortunately, yes.

762
00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:14,200
Hey, has its roots in basically our modern world?

763
00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:15,240
So look at that.

764
00:28:15,240 --> 00:28:16,080
Yep.

765
00:28:16,080 --> 00:28:19,120
Now, that's where the idea of the American dream lawn

766
00:28:19,120 --> 00:28:19,960
comes from.

767
00:28:19,960 --> 00:28:22,240
It's the two trees in the front yard,

768
00:28:22,240 --> 00:28:24,480
the green lawn, the white picket fence.

769
00:28:24,480 --> 00:28:27,320
That's where Levitt Town is what that's based off of.

770
00:28:27,320 --> 00:28:28,840
Levitt Town, white people.

771
00:28:28,840 --> 00:28:31,200
Yeah, white people like the picket fences

772
00:28:31,200 --> 00:28:33,160
really just all works together.

773
00:28:33,160 --> 00:28:34,000
Really?

774
00:28:34,000 --> 00:28:35,160
What did you really do?

775
00:28:35,160 --> 00:28:36,480
They really matched well.

776
00:28:36,480 --> 00:28:37,320
Yeah.

777
00:28:37,320 --> 00:28:38,920
Also, after World War II,

778
00:28:38,920 --> 00:28:41,320
a surplus of synthetic nitrogen in the United States

779
00:28:41,320 --> 00:28:43,080
led to chemical firms such as DuPont

780
00:28:43,080 --> 00:28:45,040
seeking to expand the market for fertilizer.

781
00:28:45,040 --> 00:28:47,000
The suburban lawns offered an opportunity

782
00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:49,480
to market fertilizer previously only used by farmers

783
00:28:49,480 --> 00:28:50,320
to homeowners.

784
00:28:50,320 --> 00:28:52,680
In 1955, DuPont released Uramite,

785
00:28:52,680 --> 00:28:54,360
a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer

786
00:28:54,360 --> 00:28:56,080
specifically marketed for lawns.

787
00:28:56,080 --> 00:28:58,000
The trend continued throughout the 1960s

788
00:28:58,000 --> 00:29:00,320
with chemical firms such as DuPont and Monsanto

789
00:29:00,320 --> 00:29:02,080
utilizing television advertising

790
00:29:02,080 --> 00:29:05,200
and other forms of advertisement to market pesticides,

791
00:29:05,200 --> 00:29:06,680
fertilizers, and herbicides.

792
00:29:06,680 --> 00:29:09,560
The environmental impact of this widespread chemicals use

793
00:29:09,560 --> 00:29:12,000
were noticed as early as the 1960s,

794
00:29:12,000 --> 00:29:14,200
but suburban lawns as a source of pollution

795
00:29:14,200 --> 00:29:15,480
were largely ignored.

796
00:29:15,480 --> 00:29:17,000
Also, during this time,

797
00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:19,320
it is discovered that, well, clover

798
00:29:19,320 --> 00:29:21,240
is always been a part of the lawn,

799
00:29:21,240 --> 00:29:24,120
and it actually has a really useful trait

800
00:29:24,120 --> 00:29:26,320
in that it takes nitrogen from the air and deposits

801
00:29:26,320 --> 00:29:28,840
into the earth where your grass can use it.

802
00:29:28,840 --> 00:29:30,960
It was usually accepted or even encouraged

803
00:29:30,960 --> 00:29:32,880
as part of a lawn until the early 50s.

804
00:29:32,880 --> 00:29:34,760
It only acquired weed status

805
00:29:34,760 --> 00:29:39,520
because the earliest broadleaf 2,4-D herbicide

806
00:29:39,520 --> 00:29:41,440
killed it off along with dandelions.

807
00:29:41,440 --> 00:29:44,400
So the first dandelion pesticide also killed clovers,

808
00:29:44,400 --> 00:29:46,520
so they marketed clovers as a weed

809
00:29:46,520 --> 00:29:48,040
that also needed to be cotton rid of.

810
00:29:48,040 --> 00:29:48,880
Of course they did.

811
00:29:48,880 --> 00:29:51,640
And that's really where the monoculture grass

812
00:29:51,640 --> 00:29:53,000
really starts to take root

813
00:29:53,000 --> 00:29:55,320
as right around that time with herbicides, pesticides,

814
00:29:55,320 --> 00:29:57,560
and fertilizers being introduced.

815
00:29:57,560 --> 00:29:59,800
And that's the history of lawns, Chelsea.

816
00:29:59,800 --> 00:30:01,960
It continues on, but I think that's enough,

817
00:30:01,960 --> 00:30:05,120
mostly because we've been talking for 40 minutes almost now,

818
00:30:05,120 --> 00:30:07,440
and there's a lot more to talk about.

819
00:30:07,440 --> 00:30:09,080
That's very interesting,

820
00:30:09,080 --> 00:30:13,560
and there are some surprising things and factors in there.

821
00:30:13,560 --> 00:30:16,600
But overall, I think it just really,

822
00:30:16,600 --> 00:30:18,120
that's the word I'm looking for.

823
00:30:18,120 --> 00:30:19,640
It meanders forward?

824
00:30:19,640 --> 00:30:24,400
It took a meander in the direction I thought it would,

825
00:30:24,400 --> 00:30:25,240
where it ended up.

826
00:30:25,240 --> 00:30:27,640
Well, and it's just incremental changes.

827
00:30:27,640 --> 00:30:29,920
Like I always say, this is a big uptick.

828
00:30:29,920 --> 00:30:31,760
It's incremental increase.

829
00:30:31,760 --> 00:30:33,760
Yeah, it's just improving on what they had,

830
00:30:33,760 --> 00:30:36,880
leading up to, and I think of the white picket fence

831
00:30:36,880 --> 00:30:39,280
in the 40s and 50s after the war,

832
00:30:39,280 --> 00:30:41,200
is where I saw it coming,

833
00:30:41,200 --> 00:30:43,680
because that's where everyone's owning a home,

834
00:30:43,680 --> 00:30:47,160
having a family, there's a baby boom and everything then.

835
00:30:47,160 --> 00:30:50,200
Yeah, let's just everywhere.

836
00:30:50,200 --> 00:30:55,480
Yeah, now you have like strata's and homeowner associations

837
00:30:55,480 --> 00:30:58,760
that monitor these things and still want everything

838
00:30:58,760 --> 00:31:01,520
to look uniform on the lawn and stuff like that.

839
00:31:01,520 --> 00:31:03,880
Yeah, and I just need to say this now,

840
00:31:03,880 --> 00:31:05,800
the HOA portion of this episode,

841
00:31:05,800 --> 00:31:08,520
the Homeowners Association, I'm not gonna get into.

842
00:31:08,520 --> 00:31:11,080
That could probably be its own episode in itself,

843
00:31:11,080 --> 00:31:14,840
because they heavily lead to a lot of the issues

844
00:31:14,840 --> 00:31:16,880
that we're gonna talk about coming up now,

845
00:31:16,880 --> 00:31:19,560
but unfortunately, it's gonna be a long episode,

846
00:31:19,560 --> 00:31:22,560
so I already have to like pick what I'm gonna talk about.

847
00:31:22,560 --> 00:31:23,400
Okay.

848
00:31:23,400 --> 00:31:26,040
So the first thing I wanna start off with, Chelsea,

849
00:31:26,040 --> 00:31:28,040
what would you define a weed as?

850
00:31:28,920 --> 00:31:31,080
An invasive species?

851
00:31:31,080 --> 00:31:34,360
And I think that's what people kind of want you

852
00:31:34,360 --> 00:31:36,160
to believe a weed is.

853
00:31:36,160 --> 00:31:38,920
Sometimes it can technically be correct.

854
00:31:38,920 --> 00:31:40,160
It really depends on what you mean

855
00:31:40,160 --> 00:31:42,720
by an invasive species too, because.

856
00:31:42,720 --> 00:31:46,160
And invasive, I'm meaning what I would think

857
00:31:46,160 --> 00:31:48,960
a weed to be, something that you don't want,

858
00:31:48,960 --> 00:31:51,320
that is going to kill healthy things.

859
00:31:51,320 --> 00:31:55,200
But I feel like what is referred to as weeds

860
00:31:55,200 --> 00:31:57,760
is just something that's not aesthetically pleasing.

861
00:31:57,760 --> 00:31:59,600
Aesthetically pleasing are just not intended

862
00:31:59,600 --> 00:32:01,480
to grow in the spot that it is growing.

863
00:32:01,480 --> 00:32:02,320
Yeah.

864
00:32:02,320 --> 00:32:03,720
I think that's the fairest way to put it.

865
00:32:03,720 --> 00:32:06,440
What it actually is, for the most part,

866
00:32:06,440 --> 00:32:09,640
what you have in your front yard when you look at a lawn

867
00:32:09,640 --> 00:32:12,200
is a devastated ecosystem.

868
00:32:12,200 --> 00:32:13,120
Okay, that makes sense.

869
00:32:13,120 --> 00:32:16,520
Basically, if mother nature were to look at your front yard

870
00:32:16,520 --> 00:32:18,800
and a forest that has just been destroyed

871
00:32:18,800 --> 00:32:21,400
by a forest fire, it's gonna see little difference.

872
00:32:21,400 --> 00:32:23,760
That grass that is growing there is not natural,

873
00:32:23,760 --> 00:32:25,880
nor should it actually be occurring there.

874
00:32:25,880 --> 00:32:27,360
And none of the natural parts

875
00:32:27,360 --> 00:32:29,120
of the ecosystem exists there.

876
00:32:29,120 --> 00:32:33,000
So if you actually were to look at a cycle of an ecosystem

877
00:32:33,000 --> 00:32:36,400
from devastation back to a climax ecosystem,

878
00:32:36,400 --> 00:32:39,000
so basically, after you have a fire,

879
00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:40,440
the first things that are gonna come back

880
00:32:40,440 --> 00:32:42,160
are called pioneer species.

881
00:32:42,160 --> 00:32:46,880
They're small, they withstand a lot of harsh treatment.

882
00:32:46,880 --> 00:32:51,040
They don't live that long, and they treat the soil

883
00:32:51,040 --> 00:32:53,600
so that it can actually be used by the next species,

884
00:32:53,600 --> 00:32:54,960
which are called intermediate species

885
00:32:54,960 --> 00:32:56,280
and climax communities.

886
00:32:56,280 --> 00:32:58,240
Pioneer species are basically everything

887
00:32:58,240 --> 00:33:00,280
that grows in your yard that you don't want it to.

888
00:33:00,280 --> 00:33:04,640
It is trying to turn your yard back just into nature.

889
00:33:04,640 --> 00:33:05,480
Oh.

890
00:33:05,480 --> 00:33:06,960
Most weeds are pioneer plant species

891
00:33:06,960 --> 00:33:08,280
that have evolved various traits

892
00:33:08,280 --> 00:33:10,600
that adapt them to thrive and reproduce successfully

893
00:33:10,600 --> 00:33:12,400
in the recently disturbed habitats.

894
00:33:12,400 --> 00:33:15,400
Each kind of disturbance presents certain stresses,

895
00:33:15,400 --> 00:33:18,280
whether it be temperature extremes, exposed subsoil,

896
00:33:18,280 --> 00:33:19,600
poor retention of moisture,

897
00:33:19,600 --> 00:33:20,880
or in the case of agriculture,

898
00:33:20,880 --> 00:33:22,960
the likelihood of frequent habitat disruption,

899
00:33:22,960 --> 00:33:24,040
and certain opportunities,

900
00:33:24,040 --> 00:33:26,520
such as the removal of shade and competing vegetation,

901
00:33:26,520 --> 00:33:28,760
release the soluble plant nutrients, things like that.

902
00:33:28,760 --> 00:33:31,440
And weeds are plants that have evolved mechanisms to cope

903
00:33:31,440 --> 00:33:34,080
with stresses and exploit the opportunities of disturbance.

904
00:33:34,080 --> 00:33:37,240
They are trying to make the ecosystem more natural.

905
00:33:37,240 --> 00:33:38,480
That's very sad.

906
00:33:38,480 --> 00:33:39,320
Yeah.

907
00:33:39,320 --> 00:33:41,640
That's also why, Chelsea, when you think of the weeds

908
00:33:41,640 --> 00:33:42,800
that you might see in a yard,

909
00:33:42,800 --> 00:33:45,000
like particularly dandelions,

910
00:33:45,000 --> 00:33:47,640
if you're out on a hike, do you see dandelions?

911
00:33:47,640 --> 00:33:49,480
No.

912
00:33:49,480 --> 00:33:53,040
Because eventually pioneer species are pushed out

913
00:33:53,040 --> 00:33:55,000
for a climax ecosystem.

914
00:33:55,000 --> 00:33:56,480
Once it's like established.

915
00:33:56,480 --> 00:33:57,840
Exactly, yes.

916
00:33:57,840 --> 00:33:59,760
Or just there to help the big guys out.

917
00:33:59,760 --> 00:34:02,720
They're there to reset the situation

918
00:34:02,720 --> 00:34:05,640
so that they can reestablish a climax community

919
00:34:05,640 --> 00:34:06,480
within the ecosystem.

920
00:34:06,480 --> 00:34:08,520
They fix themselves, eventually.

921
00:34:08,520 --> 00:34:10,640
If we let them, yeah, they'll just fix themselves.

922
00:34:10,640 --> 00:34:11,720
It takes a long time.

923
00:34:11,720 --> 00:34:15,360
A climax community likely takes about 100 to 150 years

924
00:34:15,360 --> 00:34:17,000
to establish, but it will.

925
00:34:17,000 --> 00:34:20,920
Also, with that, this is just going to be very straightforward.

926
00:34:20,920 --> 00:34:23,080
Lawns reduce biodiversity.

927
00:34:23,080 --> 00:34:24,160
Shocking, hey?

928
00:34:24,160 --> 00:34:27,160
Once I process that sentence, not shocking at all.

929
00:34:27,160 --> 00:34:29,680
Especially when lawn covers a large area.

930
00:34:29,680 --> 00:34:32,080
Fish and all lawn often replace plant species

931
00:34:32,080 --> 00:34:34,480
that feed pollinators requiring bees, butterflies,

932
00:34:34,480 --> 00:34:37,200
to cross waste plants to reach food and host plants.

933
00:34:37,200 --> 00:34:38,040
Yeah.

934
00:34:38,040 --> 00:34:39,640
I've been talking about like the, sorry,

935
00:34:39,640 --> 00:34:42,760
we as a podcast have not, but it's kind of been in

936
00:34:42,760 --> 00:34:45,360
the zeitgeist of society for some time now

937
00:34:45,360 --> 00:34:47,320
that there is a huge problem with pollinators,

938
00:34:47,320 --> 00:34:48,640
particularly bees.

939
00:34:48,640 --> 00:34:49,960
This is part of the problem.

940
00:34:49,960 --> 00:34:52,760
Is they're flying over yards and yards and yards

941
00:34:52,760 --> 00:34:55,360
that are just for all intents and purposes,

942
00:34:55,360 --> 00:34:56,680
sand below them.

943
00:34:56,680 --> 00:34:58,520
They offer them nothing.

944
00:34:58,520 --> 00:34:59,680
That was so sad.

945
00:34:59,680 --> 00:35:01,680
Lawns promote homogenization

946
00:35:01,680 --> 00:35:04,000
and are normally cleared of unwanted plants

947
00:35:04,000 --> 00:35:06,760
and animal species, typically with synthetic pesticides,

948
00:35:06,760 --> 00:35:08,800
which can also kill unintended target species.

949
00:35:08,800 --> 00:35:09,880
We'll talk about that later.

950
00:35:09,880 --> 00:35:12,000
They may be composed of introduced species,

951
00:35:12,000 --> 00:35:14,520
not native to the area, particularly in the United States.

952
00:35:14,520 --> 00:35:15,960
This can produce a habitat that supports

953
00:35:15,960 --> 00:35:18,800
a reduced number of wildlife species, which it just does.

954
00:35:18,800 --> 00:35:22,760
And I think anybody anecdotally can just say

955
00:35:22,760 --> 00:35:24,720
there are not as many bugs as there used to be

956
00:35:24,720 --> 00:35:25,680
out there either.

957
00:35:25,680 --> 00:35:28,960
Wildlife has had it hard, particularly in these areas.

958
00:35:28,960 --> 00:35:30,080
Yeah, I would believe it.

959
00:35:30,080 --> 00:35:31,440
We've gone on road trips before.

960
00:35:31,440 --> 00:35:33,680
Do you feel there are as many bugs on windshields

961
00:35:33,680 --> 00:35:34,600
as there used to be?

962
00:35:34,600 --> 00:35:39,000
You know, I can't say that I've ever kept track or noticed,

963
00:35:39,000 --> 00:35:41,440
but I'm gonna go with no, actually.

964
00:35:41,440 --> 00:35:43,320
And that's just based on recollection.

965
00:35:43,320 --> 00:35:45,800
Well, I remember, because we went on road trips together,

966
00:35:45,800 --> 00:35:47,920
when you get gas, you had to stop

967
00:35:47,920 --> 00:35:49,840
and wipe your windshield clean of bugs.

968
00:35:49,840 --> 00:35:51,040
Klugea.

969
00:35:51,040 --> 00:35:51,880
Yes.

970
00:35:51,880 --> 00:35:52,800
They literally never do that.

971
00:35:52,800 --> 00:35:54,360
Which we don't have to anymore.

972
00:35:54,360 --> 00:35:55,360
Oh, I don't have to.

973
00:35:55,360 --> 00:35:56,200
It's true.

974
00:35:56,200 --> 00:35:57,240
I never noticed.

975
00:35:57,240 --> 00:35:58,800
So we are killing an ecosystem

976
00:35:58,800 --> 00:36:00,320
and we're making sure that it dies

977
00:36:00,320 --> 00:36:02,920
by not letting the natural parts come back.

978
00:36:02,920 --> 00:36:04,080
Hmm, not good.

979
00:36:04,080 --> 00:36:05,720
Chelsea, if you had to guess,

980
00:36:05,720 --> 00:36:08,080
and I don't want you guessing outlandishly,

981
00:36:08,080 --> 00:36:10,240
I want your real answers for these, just because it...

982
00:36:10,240 --> 00:36:11,720
It's all been real answers today.

983
00:36:11,720 --> 00:36:12,760
I know, I know.

984
00:36:12,760 --> 00:36:13,600
That's good.

985
00:36:13,600 --> 00:36:14,680
Very accurate.

986
00:36:14,680 --> 00:36:17,280
We treat water for human consumption.

987
00:36:17,280 --> 00:36:19,480
What percentage of that do you think is used

988
00:36:19,480 --> 00:36:21,400
for lawns, for grass?

989
00:36:21,400 --> 00:36:23,760
It's gonna be higher than I would think it would be.

990
00:36:23,760 --> 00:36:25,200
But what do you think it would be?

991
00:36:25,200 --> 00:36:26,680
What would you hope it is?

992
00:36:27,520 --> 00:36:29,240
I'm gonna go...

993
00:36:29,240 --> 00:36:31,640
I would hope it would be like 1%,

994
00:36:31,640 --> 00:36:33,840
or like nothing, because like why?

995
00:36:33,840 --> 00:36:37,040
I'm gonna go with like 25.

996
00:36:37,040 --> 00:36:40,680
Okay, irrigation makes up anywhere from 50% to 70%

997
00:36:40,680 --> 00:36:43,280
of all residential water use in the United States.

998
00:36:43,280 --> 00:36:44,120
What?

999
00:36:44,120 --> 00:36:45,520
Just for landscaping.

1000
00:36:45,520 --> 00:36:47,680
And sorry, I shouldn't have said irrigation,

1001
00:36:47,680 --> 00:36:48,840
it's just for landscaping.

1002
00:36:48,840 --> 00:36:51,320
50% to 70% of all residential water in the United States

1003
00:36:51,320 --> 00:36:52,640
is used for landscaping.

1004
00:36:52,640 --> 00:36:55,120
Irrigated lawns take up nearly three times

1005
00:36:55,120 --> 00:36:56,920
as much space as irrigated corn.

1006
00:36:56,920 --> 00:36:59,480
And to maintain that amount of grass on a daily basis,

1007
00:36:59,480 --> 00:37:02,320
nine billion gallons of water is needed

1008
00:37:02,320 --> 00:37:03,840
to be allocated to our lawn.

1009
00:37:03,840 --> 00:37:07,400
Oh my God, that is a crazy amount.

1010
00:37:07,400 --> 00:37:08,240
Yeah.

1011
00:37:08,240 --> 00:37:09,080
That's really bad.

1012
00:37:09,080 --> 00:37:12,280
And particularly in places like deserts

1013
00:37:12,280 --> 00:37:14,160
where grass shouldn't fucking grow.

1014
00:37:14,160 --> 00:37:15,000
Yeah.

1015
00:37:15,000 --> 00:37:17,360
Where they have decided to put golf courses

1016
00:37:17,360 --> 00:37:20,640
and lawns and everything, and just know.

1017
00:37:20,640 --> 00:37:22,520
And they make sand look nice?

1018
00:37:22,520 --> 00:37:24,080
You can make sand look nice.

1019
00:37:24,080 --> 00:37:26,520
You could, you can make like nice designs on it.

1020
00:37:26,520 --> 00:37:27,600
Yeah.

1021
00:37:27,600 --> 00:37:30,920
Like rake it all nice, like those meditation thingies,

1022
00:37:30,920 --> 00:37:32,160
put some nice rocks.

1023
00:37:32,160 --> 00:37:35,280
And like I've seen so many different like estimations,

1024
00:37:35,280 --> 00:37:38,320
none of them drop below 30% of water consumption.

1025
00:37:38,320 --> 00:37:41,640
So the EPA estimates that about a third of all public water

1026
00:37:41,640 --> 00:37:44,040
is used to water grass with most municipalities

1027
00:37:44,040 --> 00:37:46,960
using anywhere from 30 to 60% of drinkable water on lawn.

1028
00:37:46,960 --> 00:37:49,120
And if you're in an area without substantial rainfall,

1029
00:37:49,120 --> 00:37:50,640
you likely need to take water stored

1030
00:37:50,640 --> 00:37:53,280
into pleading aquifers to maintain the grass.

1031
00:37:53,280 --> 00:37:54,840
As droughts increase around the world,

1032
00:37:54,840 --> 00:37:57,320
this creates further strains on precious resources,

1033
00:37:57,320 --> 00:38:00,320
particularly in the more arid regions of the world,

1034
00:38:00,320 --> 00:38:02,640
Arizona, Nevada, California.

1035
00:38:02,640 --> 00:38:04,440
Their aquifers are in rough shape

1036
00:38:04,440 --> 00:38:06,400
and they still have their lawns.

1037
00:38:06,400 --> 00:38:08,400
Yeah. California, especially you hear

1038
00:38:08,400 --> 00:38:09,960
about their droughts every year.

1039
00:38:09,960 --> 00:38:12,400
And people like to blame the almonds for that,

1040
00:38:12,400 --> 00:38:16,000
but everybody has watered their lawn off the Colorado River

1041
00:38:16,000 --> 00:38:17,760
prior to it getting to California.

1042
00:38:17,760 --> 00:38:19,360
So don't start with the almonds.

1043
00:38:19,360 --> 00:38:20,720
Like there are so many more things

1044
00:38:20,720 --> 00:38:21,800
that we could fix with that.

1045
00:38:21,800 --> 00:38:24,920
Nobody's even brought up almonds until this point.

1046
00:38:24,920 --> 00:38:27,320
Well, I've heard it brought up, but that's...

1047
00:38:27,320 --> 00:38:28,160
On this plug, yeah.

1048
00:38:28,160 --> 00:38:30,280
Apparently I have different conversations.

1049
00:38:30,280 --> 00:38:32,600
Corn was brought up, not almond.

1050
00:38:32,600 --> 00:38:33,960
Yes, not in this episode.

1051
00:38:33,960 --> 00:38:38,760
Yes. Next up, like this is just an insane number.

1052
00:38:38,760 --> 00:38:40,640
I couldn't find the exact numbers,

1053
00:38:40,640 --> 00:38:42,120
but several people quoted it.

1054
00:38:42,120 --> 00:38:46,200
The US spends over $100 billion a year on lawn care.

1055
00:38:46,200 --> 00:38:48,640
Like that just, to me, sounds insane.

1056
00:38:48,640 --> 00:38:51,200
And that's everything from the pesticides,

1057
00:38:51,200 --> 00:38:52,800
the herbicides, the fertilizer,

1058
00:38:52,800 --> 00:38:55,440
to the mowing, to the irrigation,

1059
00:38:55,440 --> 00:38:57,040
to the begging of leaves,

1060
00:38:57,040 --> 00:39:00,400
which we'll get into eventually, to everything about it.

1061
00:39:00,400 --> 00:39:02,440
But we're gonna focus here on the lawn equipment.

1062
00:39:02,440 --> 00:39:05,040
So lawn equipment mostly is gasoline power,

1063
00:39:05,040 --> 00:39:06,600
typically being of one of two types,

1064
00:39:06,600 --> 00:39:08,720
two stroke or four stroke engines.

1065
00:39:08,720 --> 00:39:11,840
If it's handheld, it's most definitely a two stroke engine.

1066
00:39:11,840 --> 00:39:13,960
If it's a little bigger, it's probably four stroke.

1067
00:39:13,960 --> 00:39:15,040
To fuel this equipment,

1068
00:39:15,040 --> 00:39:18,920
it takes about 800 million gallons of gasoline annually.

1069
00:39:18,920 --> 00:39:22,840
Two stroke engines also pose a unique environmental hazard

1070
00:39:22,840 --> 00:39:25,440
because they don't have an independent lubricant system.

1071
00:39:25,440 --> 00:39:27,520
So fuel and oil are mixed together.

1072
00:39:27,520 --> 00:39:29,360
Usually when you see like machine gas

1073
00:39:29,360 --> 00:39:32,000
labeled in somebody's shack, that's what it has.

1074
00:39:32,000 --> 00:39:33,840
It's oil and gas mixed together.

1075
00:39:33,840 --> 00:39:37,760
So when you do this, 30% of the fuel won't combust completely.

1076
00:39:37,760 --> 00:39:41,520
30% of your emissions is just straight up what you put in it.

1077
00:39:41,520 --> 00:39:42,360
Okay.

1078
00:39:42,360 --> 00:39:45,040
Thus releasing toxic gases into the air.

1079
00:39:45,040 --> 00:39:49,960
A 2014 study examined a combination of the harmful gases

1080
00:39:49,960 --> 00:39:51,920
that are emitted by two stroke engines.

1081
00:39:51,920 --> 00:39:53,760
And it was found that the level of emissions

1082
00:39:53,760 --> 00:39:57,480
were 124 times higher from an idling scooter

1083
00:39:57,480 --> 00:39:58,960
than from a car or a truck.

1084
00:39:58,960 --> 00:40:01,760
Four stroke engines are also used in some equipment.

1085
00:40:01,760 --> 00:40:04,320
And while they are slightly more environmentally efficient,

1086
00:40:04,320 --> 00:40:07,120
in total, they are also very harmful.

1087
00:40:07,120 --> 00:40:10,520
A four stroke lawnmower operating for one hour

1088
00:40:10,520 --> 00:40:13,760
equates to a vehicle traveling about 500 miles.

1089
00:40:13,760 --> 00:40:15,000
Oh my God.

1090
00:40:15,000 --> 00:40:17,040
Just so many surprising things.

1091
00:40:17,040 --> 00:40:20,040
And according to one study done by quiet communities,

1092
00:40:20,040 --> 00:40:24,200
this equipment was responsible for 26.7 million tons

1093
00:40:24,200 --> 00:40:26,360
of pollutants in 2011 alone.

1094
00:40:26,360 --> 00:40:28,680
Furthermore, in the same year, another study demonstrated

1095
00:40:28,680 --> 00:40:31,600
that a consumer grade leaf blower releases more hydrocarbons

1096
00:40:31,600 --> 00:40:33,800
than a pickup truck or sedan.

1097
00:40:33,800 --> 00:40:36,680
What percentage of like total emissions

1098
00:40:36,680 --> 00:40:38,360
for air pollution in the US?

1099
00:40:38,360 --> 00:40:40,320
What percent do you think is lawnmowers?

1100
00:40:40,320 --> 00:40:41,640
40.

1101
00:40:41,640 --> 00:40:43,360
Okay. Not quite there.

1102
00:40:43,360 --> 00:40:45,120
It's actually a hundred percent,

1103
00:40:45,120 --> 00:40:47,120
but I can see how you would get that.

1104
00:40:47,120 --> 00:40:48,560
It's five percent.

1105
00:40:48,560 --> 00:40:49,840
Five percent.

1106
00:40:49,840 --> 00:40:51,920
Which is actually ridiculously high.

1107
00:40:51,920 --> 00:40:54,720
If you were to ask a random hydrocarbon in the air

1108
00:40:54,720 --> 00:40:56,880
where it came from, there's a one in 20 chance

1109
00:40:56,880 --> 00:40:58,000
it was a lawnmower.

1110
00:40:58,000 --> 00:41:00,360
I prefer not to ask them though at that point.

1111
00:41:00,360 --> 00:41:02,520
No. And they're kind of jerks.

1112
00:41:02,520 --> 00:41:04,240
They only talk to certain people.

1113
00:41:04,240 --> 00:41:05,840
Yeah, they are. They're assholes.

1114
00:41:05,840 --> 00:41:07,480
And this is a sobering warning

1115
00:41:07,480 --> 00:41:10,880
from the California Air Resource Board in 2017.

1116
00:41:10,880 --> 00:41:11,880
They reported the following.

1117
00:41:11,880 --> 00:41:13,800
By 2020 gas leaf blowers,

1118
00:41:13,800 --> 00:41:15,720
lawnmowers and similar equipment in the state

1119
00:41:15,720 --> 00:41:17,400
could produce more ozone pollution

1120
00:41:17,400 --> 00:41:20,160
than all the millions of cars in California combined.

1121
00:41:20,160 --> 00:41:22,360
And this came from a study out of Nashville.

1122
00:41:22,360 --> 00:41:24,360
A hectare of lawn in Nashville, Tennessee,

1123
00:41:24,360 --> 00:41:27,520
produces greenhouse gases equivalent to 697

1124
00:41:27,520 --> 00:41:31,400
to 2443 kilograms of carbon dioxide a year.

1125
00:41:31,400 --> 00:41:33,680
The higher figure is equivalent to a flight

1126
00:41:33,680 --> 00:41:35,600
more than halfway around the world.

1127
00:41:35,600 --> 00:41:37,800
And lawnmowing is one element of the lawn culture

1128
00:41:37,800 --> 00:41:39,880
that causes a great amount of the submissions.

1129
00:41:39,880 --> 00:41:42,520
So just owning a lawn could be the equivalent

1130
00:41:42,520 --> 00:41:45,880
of taking a flight annually around the world.

1131
00:41:45,880 --> 00:41:46,840
It's pretty crazy.

1132
00:41:46,840 --> 00:41:48,400
Just for your carbon footprint.

1133
00:41:48,400 --> 00:41:51,280
And most people would never break it down like this.

1134
00:41:51,280 --> 00:41:53,520
It's just like embedded in our head

1135
00:41:53,520 --> 00:41:55,040
that we must have a nice lawn.

1136
00:41:55,040 --> 00:41:56,280
It sure is.

1137
00:41:56,280 --> 00:41:59,160
And then this is just from the actual use of the product.

1138
00:41:59,160 --> 00:42:01,560
You actually have to put gas in these products.

1139
00:42:01,560 --> 00:42:04,080
And refilling gas powered lawnmowers, leaf blowers

1140
00:42:04,080 --> 00:42:06,440
and other garden equipment is a messy business

1141
00:42:06,440 --> 00:42:08,240
that can easily lead to fuel spills.

1142
00:42:08,240 --> 00:42:12,080
It is estimated that nearly 64 million liters

1143
00:42:12,080 --> 00:42:14,280
or 17 million gallons of gasoline

1144
00:42:14,280 --> 00:42:17,160
are spilled each summer while refueling garden

1145
00:42:17,160 --> 00:42:19,200
and lawn care equipment in the United States.

1146
00:42:19,200 --> 00:42:24,000
That equates to 50% more than the oil that was spilled

1147
00:42:24,000 --> 00:42:25,800
during the Exxon Valdez incident

1148
00:42:25,800 --> 00:42:29,080
or one-tenth of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.

1149
00:42:29,080 --> 00:42:29,920
Wow.

1150
00:42:29,920 --> 00:42:32,600
So every 10 years there's a Deepwater Horizon oil spill

1151
00:42:32,600 --> 00:42:34,880
that just happens from us trying to hook up

1152
00:42:34,880 --> 00:42:35,840
the Jere can't write.

1153
00:42:35,840 --> 00:42:36,960
And that's just that.

1154
00:42:36,960 --> 00:42:38,840
Imagine how many other things we don't know

1155
00:42:38,840 --> 00:42:40,480
about are going on contributing to that.

1156
00:42:40,480 --> 00:42:41,320
Exactly.

1157
00:42:41,320 --> 00:42:43,480
And this spilt fuel can get into your lawn,

1158
00:42:43,480 --> 00:42:45,960
garden beds, groundwater, nearby ponds and so forth.

1159
00:42:45,960 --> 00:42:47,600
And some of the oil evaporates in the air.

1160
00:42:47,600 --> 00:42:49,320
It's volatile organic compounds.

1161
00:42:49,320 --> 00:42:52,160
Not exactly great for the environment or your lungs.

1162
00:42:52,160 --> 00:42:53,640
So yeah.

1163
00:42:53,640 --> 00:42:56,240
Now, lawn maintenance also generally includes

1164
00:42:56,240 --> 00:42:58,120
fertilizer and synthetic pesticides,

1165
00:42:58,120 --> 00:42:59,520
which can cause great harm.

1166
00:42:59,520 --> 00:43:02,400
Some are carcinogens and endocrine disruptors.

1167
00:43:02,400 --> 00:43:04,680
They may permanently in the environment

1168
00:43:04,680 --> 00:43:06,200
and negatively affect the health

1169
00:43:06,200 --> 00:43:08,240
of potentially all nearby organisms.

1170
00:43:08,240 --> 00:43:10,560
The United States Environmental Protection Agency

1171
00:43:10,560 --> 00:43:14,560
estimated in 2012 that 32 million kilograms

1172
00:43:14,560 --> 00:43:16,720
of active pesticide ingredients are used

1173
00:43:16,720 --> 00:43:19,840
on suburban lawns each year in the United States.

1174
00:43:19,840 --> 00:43:21,480
There are indications of an emerging

1175
00:43:21,480 --> 00:43:23,200
regulatory response to this issue.

1176
00:43:23,200 --> 00:43:26,240
For example, in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Kuwait,

1177
00:43:26,240 --> 00:43:27,920
and Belize, they have placed restrictions

1178
00:43:27,920 --> 00:43:30,720
on the use of many herbicides, including that 2-4D,

1179
00:43:30,720 --> 00:43:32,360
which we talked about for clovers.

1180
00:43:32,360 --> 00:43:34,280
The University of Massachusetts reports

1181
00:43:34,280 --> 00:43:37,080
that the typical lawn service company in that state alone

1182
00:43:37,080 --> 00:43:40,560
applies five to seven pounds of pesticides per acre

1183
00:43:40,560 --> 00:43:42,080
of lawn per year.

1184
00:43:42,080 --> 00:43:45,160
Per EPA records, this is at least twice the amount applied

1185
00:43:45,160 --> 00:43:47,960
to the most pest plagued of agricultural crops,

1186
00:43:47,960 --> 00:43:48,800
sweet corn.

1187
00:43:48,800 --> 00:43:50,280
That is staggering and terrifying.

1188
00:43:50,280 --> 00:43:52,840
And because lawns serve as a primary space

1189
00:43:52,840 --> 00:43:54,240
for our kids and pets to play,

1190
00:43:54,240 --> 00:43:56,600
14 of the 30 most commonly used lawn pesticides

1191
00:43:56,600 --> 00:43:59,880
are neurotoxins that are known or suspected to be carcinogens.

1192
00:43:59,880 --> 00:44:01,320
And two thirds of them may cause

1193
00:44:01,320 --> 00:44:03,520
reproductive harm in humans.

1194
00:44:03,520 --> 00:44:05,480
Not to mention the fact that many of the chemicals

1195
00:44:05,480 --> 00:44:08,560
we dump on our lawns are herbicides meant to kill weeds,

1196
00:44:08,560 --> 00:44:11,480
which we talked about earlier, what exactly is a weed,

1197
00:44:11,480 --> 00:44:14,600
that potentially also may offer benefits itself.

1198
00:44:14,600 --> 00:44:16,640
Studies show that hazardous lawn chemicals

1199
00:44:16,640 --> 00:44:18,840
are drifting into our homes when we're doing this,

1200
00:44:18,840 --> 00:44:21,480
as they are contaminating the indoor air and surfaces

1201
00:44:21,480 --> 00:44:23,800
exposing children to levels 10 times higher

1202
00:44:23,800 --> 00:44:25,480
than pre-application levels.

1203
00:44:25,480 --> 00:44:28,040
Of the 40 most commonly used lawn pesticides,

1204
00:44:28,040 --> 00:44:31,600
26 are linked to cancer, archarcinogenity,

1205
00:44:31,600 --> 00:44:33,880
carcinogenicity, that is really hard to say.

1206
00:44:33,880 --> 00:44:37,600
12 are linked to birth defects, 21 with reproductive defects,

1207
00:44:37,600 --> 00:44:39,480
32 with liver or kidney damage,

1208
00:44:39,480 --> 00:44:41,120
24 with neurotoxicity,

1209
00:44:41,120 --> 00:44:44,720
and 24 with disruption of the endocrine or hormonal system.

1210
00:44:44,720 --> 00:44:46,840
Of these same 40 lawn pesticides,

1211
00:44:46,840 --> 00:44:48,680
21 are detected in groundwater,

1212
00:44:48,680 --> 00:44:51,760
24 have the ability to leach in drinking water resources,

1213
00:44:51,760 --> 00:44:53,480
39 are toxic to fish,

1214
00:44:53,480 --> 00:44:56,680
and other aquatic organisms vital to the ecosystem,

1215
00:44:56,680 --> 00:44:59,840
33 are toxic to bees, 18 are toxic to mammals,

1216
00:44:59,840 --> 00:45:01,840
and 28 are toxic to birds.

1217
00:45:01,840 --> 00:45:04,320
And by the first decade of the 21st century,

1218
00:45:04,320 --> 00:45:07,120
American homeowners were using 10 times more pesticides

1219
00:45:07,120 --> 00:45:08,200
per acre than farmers,

1220
00:45:08,200 --> 00:45:12,680
poisoning an estimated 60 to 70 million birds every year.

1221
00:45:12,680 --> 00:45:15,000
But worth it for a nice lawn, right?

1222
00:45:15,000 --> 00:45:15,840
Am I right?

1223
00:45:15,840 --> 00:45:17,320
But we gotta have that green lawn,

1224
00:45:17,320 --> 00:45:20,200
which is not an ecosystem in any way.

1225
00:45:20,200 --> 00:45:22,760
Yeah, we need it to be sterile,

1226
00:45:22,760 --> 00:45:25,880
and that goes for all the humans living around it as well.

1227
00:45:25,880 --> 00:45:27,160
That's just like our pee.

1228
00:45:27,160 --> 00:45:28,600
The lawn should be like the pee,

1229
00:45:28,600 --> 00:45:30,680
sterile and nothing can live in it.

1230
00:45:30,680 --> 00:45:32,040
Exactly.

1231
00:45:32,040 --> 00:45:33,480
Drinkable, if you will.

1232
00:45:33,480 --> 00:45:37,440
So yeah, lawns are fucked,

1233
00:45:37,440 --> 00:45:40,400
and everything we do to them to keep away this thing

1234
00:45:40,400 --> 00:45:43,320
that is actually like really good for the environment,

1235
00:45:43,320 --> 00:45:45,480
keeps every, the ecosystem in check.

1236
00:45:45,480 --> 00:45:47,240
We're trying to absolutely fucking,

1237
00:45:47,240 --> 00:45:48,880
we may not know it, but we are.

1238
00:45:48,880 --> 00:45:50,800
I was just gonna point out that exact thing.

1239
00:45:50,800 --> 00:45:53,400
It's such a mundane thing that's part of,

1240
00:45:53,400 --> 00:45:54,520
or everyday life.

1241
00:45:54,520 --> 00:45:55,640
Yeah, it's part of modernity.

1242
00:45:55,640 --> 00:45:57,280
You see lawns everywhere,

1243
00:45:57,280 --> 00:45:58,840
and you're like, wow, that's a nice lawn.

1244
00:45:58,840 --> 00:46:02,040
Look at how well they take, not even thinking, like, wow.

1245
00:46:02,040 --> 00:46:04,600
It's killed an entire ecosystem.

1246
00:46:04,600 --> 00:46:06,120
Well, and that's something we've actually been

1247
00:46:06,120 --> 00:46:08,320
culturally trained to think.

1248
00:46:08,320 --> 00:46:10,760
And this came up actually, it's in the lawn wiki

1249
00:46:10,760 --> 00:46:12,680
about like the social implications,

1250
00:46:12,680 --> 00:46:14,960
about how a yellow patch in your yard

1251
00:46:14,960 --> 00:46:17,440
can show that you are not an upstanding citizen,

1252
00:46:17,440 --> 00:46:19,280
and how it is important to maintain

1253
00:46:19,280 --> 00:46:20,680
that perfectly green yard.

1254
00:46:20,680 --> 00:46:22,640
And some people have taken that to the extreme

1255
00:46:22,640 --> 00:46:24,520
and completely ripped out grass

1256
00:46:24,520 --> 00:46:26,600
and put in that synthetic green shit.

1257
00:46:26,600 --> 00:46:28,920
Yep, now you see those two as well.

1258
00:46:28,920 --> 00:46:30,360
Because that's the implications,

1259
00:46:30,360 --> 00:46:31,880
is that the socially correct thing

1260
00:46:31,880 --> 00:46:34,160
is they have a perfectly green plot of carpet.

1261
00:46:34,160 --> 00:46:35,760
Whether or not it's actually alive

1262
00:46:35,760 --> 00:46:37,120
doesn't matter at this point.

1263
00:46:37,120 --> 00:46:38,320
Yeah, crazy.

1264
00:46:38,320 --> 00:46:40,560
You should know when I'm saying the word lawn,

1265
00:46:40,560 --> 00:46:44,360
I'm not just talking about that 10 by 20 foot plot

1266
00:46:44,360 --> 00:46:45,840
of land in front of your house.

1267
00:46:45,840 --> 00:46:49,560
I am also talking about the sides of the roads.

1268
00:46:49,560 --> 00:46:51,200
I am talking about the meridians

1269
00:46:51,200 --> 00:46:52,120
in the middle of the roads.

1270
00:46:52,120 --> 00:46:54,480
I am talking about the parks that we play in,

1271
00:46:54,480 --> 00:46:57,040
the football fields that you throw the ball in,

1272
00:46:57,040 --> 00:46:59,600
and the golf courses you pitch and put in.

1273
00:46:59,600 --> 00:47:01,080
This applies to all of them,

1274
00:47:01,080 --> 00:47:03,200
and they all fall under these same issues.

1275
00:47:03,200 --> 00:47:05,000
Anything that's maintained, right?

1276
00:47:05,000 --> 00:47:07,360
Yeah, also, I didn't put it in my notes,

1277
00:47:07,360 --> 00:47:09,440
but I should just briefly bring it up.

1278
00:47:09,440 --> 00:47:14,040
Some people will say that at least lawns act as a carbon sink

1279
00:47:14,040 --> 00:47:17,000
in that they will absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

1280
00:47:17,000 --> 00:47:19,520
and put it into their systems to grow.

1281
00:47:19,520 --> 00:47:22,320
It's a stretch, you're reaching.

1282
00:47:22,320 --> 00:47:24,520
Well, not only that, it's a lie outside

1283
00:47:24,520 --> 00:47:26,560
of very particular regions,

1284
00:47:26,560 --> 00:47:29,200
because that is only grass growing

1285
00:47:29,200 --> 00:47:31,480
in its ideal environment.

1286
00:47:31,480 --> 00:47:35,680
When it's not growing in perfectly pristine growing conditions,

1287
00:47:35,680 --> 00:47:37,880
perfect amount of rain, perfect amount of sun,

1288
00:47:37,880 --> 00:47:39,400
it acts as a carbon deficit

1289
00:47:39,400 --> 00:47:42,920
and it even allows the ground to absorb more sunlight.

1290
00:47:42,920 --> 00:47:45,640
So it actually leads to more global warming.

1291
00:47:45,640 --> 00:47:48,760
And if you're going to give it its ideal situation,

1292
00:47:48,760 --> 00:47:49,600
then guess what?

1293
00:47:49,600 --> 00:47:52,400
You're irrigating it, you're fertilizing it,

1294
00:47:52,400 --> 00:47:53,920
and you're cutting it,

1295
00:47:53,920 --> 00:47:55,840
or at least adding all these carbons

1296
00:47:55,840 --> 00:47:57,960
that are clearly offset.

1297
00:47:57,960 --> 00:48:01,080
Any sort of carbon footprint that it might be reducing.

1298
00:48:01,080 --> 00:48:03,000
And another thing I just didn't mention,

1299
00:48:03,000 --> 00:48:04,480
I should have put it in my notes, but I didn't.

1300
00:48:04,480 --> 00:48:07,600
Keeping it green is ideal for a lot of people's minds,

1301
00:48:07,600 --> 00:48:09,400
which actually includes leaves.

1302
00:48:09,400 --> 00:48:11,080
When the leaves fall from the trees,

1303
00:48:11,080 --> 00:48:13,520
you have to beg them up and send them off

1304
00:48:13,520 --> 00:48:15,240
to wherever they end up going.

1305
00:48:15,240 --> 00:48:16,080
Oh yeah, I've heard.

1306
00:48:16,080 --> 00:48:18,000
Usually the dump, hopefully a compost area.

1307
00:48:18,000 --> 00:48:21,600
First and foremost, that is trees leaching nutrients

1308
00:48:21,600 --> 00:48:24,120
from deep down in the soil and putting it back

1309
00:48:24,120 --> 00:48:27,320
into a higher level of the soil by dropping the leaves.

1310
00:48:27,320 --> 00:48:28,840
By taking those leaves away from it,

1311
00:48:28,840 --> 00:48:31,680
you are destroying the nutrition of that ground,

1312
00:48:31,680 --> 00:48:34,240
which fertilizer is not going to fix on itself.

1313
00:48:34,240 --> 00:48:38,080
Next up, the entire area below decaying leaves

1314
00:48:38,080 --> 00:48:41,760
is an ecosystem in itself that many feces rely on

1315
00:48:41,760 --> 00:48:43,400
for a part of their life cycle.

1316
00:48:43,400 --> 00:48:44,680
By destroying that area,

1317
00:48:44,680 --> 00:48:47,080
you are destroying an ecosystem again.

1318
00:48:47,080 --> 00:48:48,800
So it's just something I had to add there.

1319
00:48:48,800 --> 00:48:49,840
I forgot, it didn't kind of.

1320
00:48:49,840 --> 00:48:51,240
I actually heard that.

1321
00:48:51,240 --> 00:48:53,360
I can't remember where I've heard that recently,

1322
00:48:53,360 --> 00:48:55,640
but someone saying just leave your leaves.

1323
00:48:55,640 --> 00:48:57,000
Like it's not that big of a deal.

1324
00:48:57,000 --> 00:48:58,440
Yeah, just leave them.

1325
00:48:58,440 --> 00:49:01,840
And actually, this is the one where the solution,

1326
00:49:01,840 --> 00:49:04,600
although I am fully leaving out the HOA side of this

1327
00:49:04,600 --> 00:49:05,800
as I talked about earlier,

1328
00:49:05,800 --> 00:49:08,680
the solution is to be as lazy as possible.

1329
00:49:08,680 --> 00:49:10,880
You know the best solution for the issues

1330
00:49:10,880 --> 00:49:11,920
I just talked about?

1331
00:49:11,920 --> 00:49:14,120
Rewilding your yard, which yeah,

1332
00:49:14,120 --> 00:49:16,320
you can actually go out and grab plants

1333
00:49:16,320 --> 00:49:18,160
that live in your area and plant them,

1334
00:49:18,160 --> 00:49:22,040
or you can just fuck off and let nature take its course.

1335
00:49:22,040 --> 00:49:23,640
People will get pissed off with you,

1336
00:49:23,640 --> 00:49:25,240
but that is actually the best solution

1337
00:49:25,240 --> 00:49:27,640
is just let nature take its course.

1338
00:49:27,640 --> 00:49:28,560
Chelsea, I don't know.

1339
00:49:28,560 --> 00:49:31,080
Have you ever taken a walk in a drought?

1340
00:49:31,080 --> 00:49:32,960
Maybe, depends on what you're getting at.

1341
00:49:32,960 --> 00:49:34,280
I live in a desert.

1342
00:49:34,280 --> 00:49:36,840
So we're constantly in like drought conditions

1343
00:49:36,840 --> 00:49:37,920
near the end of the summer.

1344
00:49:37,920 --> 00:49:40,920
If you walk in areas that are not maintained,

1345
00:49:40,920 --> 00:49:43,680
they are lush and green and beautiful

1346
00:49:43,680 --> 00:49:47,320
because they know how to withstand the environment.

1347
00:49:47,320 --> 00:49:49,760
If we just stopped watering

1348
00:49:49,760 --> 00:49:52,240
or just let nature take its course,

1349
00:49:52,240 --> 00:49:54,560
you will get some beautiful plants growing.

1350
00:49:54,560 --> 00:49:56,320
Sure, they might be weeds at first,

1351
00:49:56,320 --> 00:49:58,560
but it helps the ecosystem.

1352
00:49:58,560 --> 00:50:00,640
I've also seen people asking

1353
00:50:00,640 --> 00:50:02,880
when they're like building homes as well.

1354
00:50:02,880 --> 00:50:04,560
Actually, I can't remember the instance

1355
00:50:04,560 --> 00:50:07,200
in which they're asking about what's better

1356
00:50:07,200 --> 00:50:09,760
than just the standard looking grass.

1357
00:50:09,760 --> 00:50:11,960
Like someone was asking about cloves

1358
00:50:11,960 --> 00:50:15,320
and just even just planting wildflowers to go

1359
00:50:15,320 --> 00:50:17,400
instead of having to maintain the lawn

1360
00:50:17,400 --> 00:50:19,440
and what's better for the environment.

1361
00:50:19,440 --> 00:50:21,720
And that's actually the first time I thought

1362
00:50:21,720 --> 00:50:24,960
there's something else other than just having a nice lawn.

1363
00:50:24,960 --> 00:50:26,200
Exactly, yeah.

1364
00:50:26,200 --> 00:50:28,240
And the answer to that, what's better?

1365
00:50:28,240 --> 00:50:30,600
If you actually want to take active steps,

1366
00:50:30,600 --> 00:50:32,760
what's better than grass in your yard

1367
00:50:32,760 --> 00:50:37,160
is going to vary greatly from environment to environment

1368
00:50:37,160 --> 00:50:38,920
if you wanted to take proactive steps.

1369
00:50:38,920 --> 00:50:39,760
Probably just leave it there.

1370
00:50:39,760 --> 00:50:41,680
So talk to your local garden groups

1371
00:50:41,680 --> 00:50:45,240
or greenhouses about what's natural or what would work

1372
00:50:45,240 --> 00:50:48,200
if you wish to actually pursue an active effort

1373
00:50:48,200 --> 00:50:51,160
into rewilding or a more natural yard.

1374
00:50:51,160 --> 00:50:52,000
That's cool.

1375
00:50:52,000 --> 00:50:53,520
Think about that next time you see

1376
00:50:53,520 --> 00:50:56,480
not a lawn that's not mowed.

1377
00:50:56,480 --> 00:50:57,320
Mowed?

1378
00:50:57,320 --> 00:50:58,520
Yeah, exactly.

1379
00:50:58,520 --> 00:51:00,240
And then something just came to mind

1380
00:51:00,240 --> 00:51:01,400
when you're talking about that.

1381
00:51:01,400 --> 00:51:03,520
Chelsea, do you remember the Levittown,

1382
00:51:03,520 --> 00:51:05,240
how they had those two trees in the front yard

1383
00:51:05,240 --> 00:51:06,680
that they were freshly planted?

1384
00:51:06,680 --> 00:51:09,600
That is absolutely a part of development.

1385
00:51:09,600 --> 00:51:12,600
The reason they do that is because they can clear away

1386
00:51:12,600 --> 00:51:15,240
the entire land and they put in new trees

1387
00:51:15,240 --> 00:51:18,000
when they finish that so that they don't have to worry

1388
00:51:18,000 --> 00:51:21,640
about working around trees or things that are big

1389
00:51:21,640 --> 00:51:22,920
or a nuisance in yards.

1390
00:51:22,920 --> 00:51:23,760
That's nice of them.

1391
00:51:23,760 --> 00:51:26,720
So when they're building a larger development scale,

1392
00:51:26,720 --> 00:51:28,480
they just clear everything and then they put

1393
00:51:28,480 --> 00:51:29,840
in those two small trees.

1394
00:51:29,840 --> 00:51:33,320
And generally those trees have been bred to be only male

1395
00:51:33,320 --> 00:51:36,000
so that they do not create seedlings

1396
00:51:36,000 --> 00:51:38,280
that will leave unsightly growths in your yard.

1397
00:51:38,280 --> 00:51:40,000
Yeah, that makes sense.

1398
00:51:40,000 --> 00:51:41,440
As a developer, of course.

1399
00:51:41,440 --> 00:51:44,000
Yeah, and not wanting to worry about nature,

1400
00:51:44,000 --> 00:51:44,840
just the bottom line.

1401
00:51:44,840 --> 00:51:46,240
Oh yeah, nature can fuck off.

1402
00:51:46,240 --> 00:51:48,760
Yeah, if you can't be too lazy,

1403
00:51:48,760 --> 00:51:52,280
if we can't say just sit on your ass and do nothing,

1404
00:51:52,280 --> 00:51:54,240
you say, but that does seem so hard.

1405
00:51:54,240 --> 00:51:56,160
Well, probably the best thing you can do

1406
00:51:56,160 --> 00:51:59,600
is stop spraying anything because those chemicals,

1407
00:51:59,600 --> 00:52:02,360
I think are worse than the CO2 you're putting

1408
00:52:02,360 --> 00:52:03,400
into the atmosphere.

1409
00:52:03,400 --> 00:52:06,960
So just don't spray anything or talk to your local city

1410
00:52:06,960 --> 00:52:09,640
council or local regional government

1411
00:52:09,640 --> 00:52:12,720
about what's actually banned and see if they can look

1412
00:52:12,720 --> 00:52:16,600
into banning more because there honestly are pesticides

1413
00:52:16,600 --> 00:52:18,800
probably in your neighborhood that are absolutely terrible

1414
00:52:18,800 --> 00:52:19,640
for the environment.

1415
00:52:19,640 --> 00:52:20,680
I wouldn't doubt that.

1416
00:52:20,680 --> 00:52:21,960
If you can't be bothered that,

1417
00:52:21,960 --> 00:52:24,120
then just leave the leaves alone

1418
00:52:24,120 --> 00:52:27,600
and maybe mow a little bit less.

1419
00:52:27,600 --> 00:52:30,400
The issue with regular mowing is that it favors grasses

1420
00:52:30,400 --> 00:52:32,240
which grow from the bases of the plant

1421
00:52:32,240 --> 00:52:34,880
and low growing species such as dandelion and clovers.

1422
00:52:34,880 --> 00:52:36,560
Other species that have their growing tips

1423
00:52:36,560 --> 00:52:39,200
or flowering stems regularly removed by mowing

1424
00:52:39,200 --> 00:52:42,240
can't compete allowing plant diversity in urban lawns

1425
00:52:42,240 --> 00:52:45,480
to increase has the knock on effect of increasing diversity

1426
00:52:45,480 --> 00:52:48,280
of other organisms such as pollinators and herbivores.

1427
00:52:48,280 --> 00:52:50,320
So those are the steps I could think of.

1428
00:52:50,320 --> 00:52:53,920
There's a bunch more, but we're verging on an hour right now.

1429
00:52:53,920 --> 00:52:55,680
Those are good stepping stones,

1430
00:52:55,680 --> 00:52:57,400
good easy ways to get started.

1431
00:52:57,400 --> 00:52:59,320
Yeah, I think that's where I'm gonna leave it.

1432
00:52:59,320 --> 00:53:01,200
You're at least aware of the problem

1433
00:53:01,200 --> 00:53:03,240
and awareness is half the battle.

1434
00:53:03,240 --> 00:53:06,240
So at this point, yeah, you do you.

1435
00:53:06,240 --> 00:53:08,560
I would encourage you to be as lazy as possible,

1436
00:53:08,560 --> 00:53:09,760
but you do you.

1437
00:53:09,760 --> 00:53:11,440
That's, I think, if nothing else,

1438
00:53:11,440 --> 00:53:13,120
the cat phrase in this podcast,

1439
00:53:13,120 --> 00:53:14,480
which we've never set up until-

1440
00:53:14,480 --> 00:53:16,880
Be as lazy as possible.

1441
00:53:16,880 --> 00:53:17,720
And you do you.

1442
00:53:17,720 --> 00:53:19,720
Okay, I thought it was the other one.

1443
00:53:19,720 --> 00:53:20,920
It can be both.

1444
00:53:20,920 --> 00:53:22,320
It can be two things.

1445
00:53:22,320 --> 00:53:27,320
I don't think so, but I live in a place that has a strata,

1446
00:53:31,200 --> 00:53:33,440
and they hire someone to come mow the lawn.

1447
00:53:33,440 --> 00:53:34,920
So next time they come mow the lawn,

1448
00:53:34,920 --> 00:53:38,320
I'm gonna go out on my balcony and just shake my fist.

1449
00:53:38,320 --> 00:53:39,720
Hey, fuck you.

1450
00:53:39,720 --> 00:53:43,040
Kirstie, where is thy scythe?

1451
00:53:43,040 --> 00:53:44,080
Really, there shouldn't be-

1452
00:53:44,080 --> 00:53:45,800
Or, you know, at the very least,

1453
00:53:45,800 --> 00:53:46,880
you should be yelling out,

1454
00:53:46,880 --> 00:53:49,680
you're no Lancelot capability brown.

1455
00:53:49,680 --> 00:53:52,000
Yeah.

1456
00:53:52,000 --> 00:53:53,680
And then they'd be so offended.

1457
00:53:53,680 --> 00:53:54,520
They're so sad.

1458
00:53:54,520 --> 00:53:57,280
Because that's why everybody gets into landscaping.

1459
00:53:57,280 --> 00:53:58,120
Yeah.

1460
00:53:58,120 --> 00:54:00,560
And so good old Lancelot capability.

1461
00:54:02,240 --> 00:54:03,080
And if nothing else,

1462
00:54:03,080 --> 00:54:05,400
I hope you took that name from this episode.

1463
00:54:05,400 --> 00:54:08,160
Anyhow, I have been Taylor here with Chelsea

1464
00:54:08,160 --> 00:54:10,560
to clearly not well-named people.

1465
00:54:10,560 --> 00:54:13,760
I'm sorry if anybody who named me is listening.

1466
00:54:13,760 --> 00:54:15,240
We are Journey to the Fringe.

1467
00:54:15,240 --> 00:54:16,240
Thank you all for listening,

1468
00:54:16,240 --> 00:54:17,640
and we'll see you next week.

1469
00:54:20,640 --> 00:54:23,000
Thank you for listening, too, Journey to the Fringe.

1470
00:54:23,000 --> 00:54:25,280
If you have liked what you have listened to,

1471
00:54:25,280 --> 00:54:29,200
please like, share, subscribe, or follow,

1472
00:54:29,200 --> 00:54:32,200
depending on what venue you are listening to us through.

1473
00:54:32,200 --> 00:54:33,840
Also, please, if possible,

1474
00:54:33,840 --> 00:54:35,840
leave a five-star review,

1475
00:54:35,840 --> 00:54:38,320
as that really helps us in the algorithms.

1476
00:54:38,320 --> 00:54:40,280
Should you wish to interact with us,

1477
00:54:40,280 --> 00:54:43,440
please check us out on your social media of choice.

1478
00:54:43,440 --> 00:54:44,880
I bet you we are there.

1479
00:54:44,880 --> 00:54:47,200
And if you really wanna communicate with us

1480
00:54:47,200 --> 00:54:49,240
and give us ideas for new episodes,

1481
00:54:49,240 --> 00:54:51,760
or tell us that we're wrong and terrible, either way,

1482
00:54:51,760 --> 00:54:56,480
please send us an email at JourneyTotheFringe at gmail.com.

1483
00:54:56,480 --> 00:54:58,720
For now, I'll see you in the next episode.

1484
00:54:58,720 --> 00:55:03,720
Thank you.

1485
00:55:28,720 --> 00:55:33,720
Thank you.