1
00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:05,460
Chelsea, I found an interesting article from Vice, our favorite news source.

2
00:00:05,620 --> 00:00:06,460
It is our favorite.

3
00:00:06,580 --> 00:00:07,440
It really is.

4
00:00:07,540 --> 00:00:08,740
They have the best stuff.

5
00:00:09,540 --> 00:00:13,200
That actually, I found it way earlier on a different site and I was like,

6
00:00:13,200 --> 00:00:15,620
this, what was the name of that website?

7
00:00:15,660 --> 00:00:17,700
It was one of those like British tabloid ones.

8
00:00:17,700 --> 00:00:19,420
I was like, yeah, I'm not trusting it.

9
00:00:19,420 --> 00:00:20,080
And then it's on Vice.

10
00:00:20,080 --> 00:00:21,460
I was like, okay, now I can cover it.

11
00:00:21,980 --> 00:00:23,380
Now I can talk about it.

12
00:00:23,940 --> 00:00:25,700
This is incredibly recent.

13
00:00:25,700 --> 00:00:29,180
It's January 30th, 2023, except when this comes out.

14
00:00:29,180 --> 00:00:32,640
That is not incredibly recent, but that's okay.

15
00:00:32,780 --> 00:00:37,760
It is from journalist Sarah Wells and it is titled AI has found potential

16
00:00:37,840 --> 00:00:41,940
alien techno signatures hidden in radio signals from space.

17
00:00:42,060 --> 00:00:42,700
Oh no.

18
00:00:43,040 --> 00:00:43,860
Oh yes.

19
00:00:44,500 --> 00:00:45,280
Mixed bag.

20
00:00:45,320 --> 00:00:45,820
Mixed bag.

21
00:00:45,820 --> 00:00:47,240
I'm not sure how to react.

22
00:00:48,560 --> 00:00:49,100
Okay.

23
00:00:49,400 --> 00:00:50,960
That is exactly what I see.

24
00:00:51,080 --> 00:00:55,420
NASA in the Brookings report says that we should be terrified and overthrow

25
00:00:55,420 --> 00:01:02,380
all government and structural hierarchies, which is why they don't tell us anything.

26
00:01:03,640 --> 00:01:04,120
Okay.

27
00:01:04,140 --> 00:01:07,480
I'm kind of ready to hear what, what this is about.

28
00:01:07,780 --> 00:01:08,200
Okay.

29
00:01:08,320 --> 00:01:11,960
Searching the skies for UFOs or homesick aliens is practically an American

30
00:01:11,960 --> 00:01:15,000
pastime and no one does it better than SETI, the search for

31
00:01:15,000 --> 00:01:16,900
extraterrestrial intelligence.

32
00:01:17,160 --> 00:01:19,240
I mean, they're the only ones looking so.

33
00:01:19,600 --> 00:01:20,920
Nobody does it worse either.

34
00:01:21,000 --> 00:01:23,560
I guess nobody does it better, but we don't know.

35
00:01:23,560 --> 00:01:25,520
Oh yeah, we don't know for sure.

36
00:01:26,560 --> 00:01:26,920
Sorry.

37
00:01:26,920 --> 00:01:28,360
They're incredibly average at it.

38
00:01:28,360 --> 00:01:29,000
It's parcequente.

39
00:01:29,760 --> 00:01:30,480
Exactly.

40
00:01:30,520 --> 00:01:31,720
They are the only ones.

41
00:01:31,960 --> 00:01:36,360
Actually China's looking to in a very separate way and they do not.

42
00:01:36,360 --> 00:01:37,480
They would never tell us.

43
00:01:37,720 --> 00:01:38,000
Yeah.

44
00:01:38,040 --> 00:01:38,720
No, they don't.

45
00:01:38,960 --> 00:01:40,960
Actually that might be a good episode at one point.

46
00:01:41,040 --> 00:01:42,840
Anyhow, let's focus back in on this.

47
00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:43,400
Okay.

48
00:01:43,680 --> 00:01:48,120
Established in 1984 SETI has made it their mission to scan the skies for radio

49
00:01:48,120 --> 00:01:53,120
signals comprised of non-Earth based techno signatures that may belong to alien tech.

50
00:01:53,120 --> 00:01:57,360
Such signals, which may indicate communication technology in use and thus

51
00:01:57,360 --> 00:02:01,320
intelligence are sought after by scientists looking for signs of alien life.

52
00:02:01,440 --> 00:02:05,360
So far this decade long search has yet to turn up any convincing leads, but a new

53
00:02:05,360 --> 00:02:09,040
paper published Monday in the journal Astronomy is hoping to change that by

54
00:02:09,040 --> 00:02:11,480
using machine learning to tackle the problem.

55
00:02:11,520 --> 00:02:15,760
Using telescope data that was first collected in 2016, the machine

56
00:02:15,760 --> 00:02:18,320
learning algorithm analyzed VIR.

57
00:02:18,400 --> 00:02:20,680
I think it's called analyzed VIR.

58
00:02:20,680 --> 00:02:23,160
Analyze DVER.

59
00:02:23,240 --> 00:02:23,640
Okay.

60
00:02:23,840 --> 00:02:24,880
Or it's a typo.

61
00:02:25,200 --> 00:02:25,920
It's a typo.

62
00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:32,120
The machine learning algorithm analyzed over 480 hours of data from 820

63
00:02:32,120 --> 00:02:36,120
stars and identified eight signals of interest of previous algorithms that

64
00:02:36,120 --> 00:02:37,000
have not detected.

65
00:02:37,240 --> 00:02:40,560
Peter Ma is first author on the paper and an undergraduate

66
00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:42,440
student at the University of Toronto.

67
00:02:42,520 --> 00:02:45,920
He told Motherboarden in email that while AI has been applied to SETI's

68
00:02:45,920 --> 00:02:49,840
radio data in the past, this new approach takes the search completely out of the

69
00:02:49,840 --> 00:02:50,800
hands of humans.

70
00:02:50,880 --> 00:02:54,960
Previously, people have inserted ML, machine learning components, into

71
00:02:54,960 --> 00:02:57,920
various pipelines to help with the search, Ma said.

72
00:02:58,080 --> 00:03:02,200
This work relies entirely on just the neural network without any traditional

73
00:03:02,200 --> 00:03:05,840
algorithms supporting it and produced results that traditional algorithms did

74
00:03:05,840 --> 00:03:06,520
not pick up.

75
00:03:06,600 --> 00:03:11,000
Radio data streaming in from outer space is an abundant resource, but it's also

76
00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:14,520
one that can be easily muddled with our own earth-based radio signals.

77
00:03:14,720 --> 00:03:18,760
Ma said that signals of interest that are plucked from this haze are ones that

78
00:03:18,760 --> 00:03:23,920
are narrow-band, Doppler drifting signals originating from some extra-estrial

79
00:03:23,920 --> 00:03:24,360
source.

80
00:03:24,600 --> 00:03:28,520
In other words, radio signals that are moving and fall into a particular range

81
00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:29,240
of frequencies.

82
00:03:29,280 --> 00:03:33,000
However, how these signals may morph over time or distance is still an open

83
00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:33,360
question.

84
00:03:33,400 --> 00:03:36,280
Looking for these signals in the data can be like looking for a needle in a

85
00:03:36,280 --> 00:03:39,720
haystack, time-consuming and tedious, but that's where machine learning can help.

86
00:03:39,760 --> 00:03:43,680
Ma and colleagues designed their neural network to identify and then classify

87
00:03:43,680 --> 00:03:47,200
what they think is the most important features of the SETI data while

88
00:03:47,200 --> 00:03:50,480
simultaneously trying to filter out earth-based interference.

89
00:03:50,600 --> 00:03:54,200
In addition to being twice as fast as traditional algorithms, Ma said that

90
00:03:54,200 --> 00:03:58,320
using a neural network to study this data also allows for a type of out-of-the-box

91
00:03:58,320 --> 00:04:01,080
thinking that human dictated algorithms struggle to achieve.

92
00:04:01,240 --> 00:04:05,560
Traditional algorithms operate on a given set of instructions designed by us, thus

93
00:04:05,560 --> 00:04:08,680
the algorithm will only ever discover what we tell it to find, he said.

94
00:04:08,800 --> 00:04:13,440
The issue is that the nature of an ET signal is not completely known, hence our

95
00:04:13,440 --> 00:04:15,520
proposed approach is just to learn it.

96
00:04:15,520 --> 00:04:19,840
Ma and colleagues' neural network was able to find eight unique signals hidden

97
00:04:19,840 --> 00:04:23,800
in the data that may potentially be from extraterrestrial sources, but research

98
00:04:23,800 --> 00:04:26,040
hasn't yet been done to confirm these.

99
00:04:26,240 --> 00:04:30,280
And while further analysis may be able to confirm these sources as non-earth

100
00:04:30,280 --> 00:04:33,840
based, that doesn't mean scientists will know exactly what kind of tech they're

101
00:04:33,840 --> 00:04:34,960
connected to, Ma said.

102
00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:39,280
In the best case scenario, these signals may include embedded information about

103
00:04:39,280 --> 00:04:42,800
the engineering of the technology or even a collection of techno signatures

104
00:04:42,800 --> 00:04:44,200
from an alien civilization.

105
00:04:44,200 --> 00:04:46,120
We don't count on this, though, Ma said.

106
00:04:46,360 --> 00:04:47,640
And that's the end of the article.

107
00:04:47,880 --> 00:04:52,800
Sadly, I think it's sad that machines are taking more jobs from us and that being

108
00:04:52,800 --> 00:04:56,720
the search for aliens, because I was hoping that the machines would take my other

109
00:04:56,720 --> 00:04:59,560
shittier job so that I could go look for aliens.

110
00:04:59,640 --> 00:05:01,520
Instead, they decided to do the other way.

111
00:05:01,520 --> 00:05:03,360
Yeah, they're taking the good job.

112
00:05:03,360 --> 00:05:07,480
Take the alien search away from me so I can't be distracted from my shittier job.

113
00:05:07,480 --> 00:05:11,240
We didn't think about this when we invented robots to do jobs.

114
00:05:11,240 --> 00:05:14,720
They may take the good jobs and leave us with the shitty jobs.

115
00:05:14,760 --> 00:05:17,800
They won't want the shitty ones and they'll be better at the good ones.

116
00:05:19,400 --> 00:05:24,440
Well, that's cool, other than the scary robot aspect of it.

117
00:05:24,480 --> 00:05:27,080
Yeah, AI technology is getting interesting right now.

118
00:05:27,080 --> 00:05:30,600
It's still not actually artificial intelligence, but it's getting better

119
00:05:30,600 --> 00:05:31,600
every day.

120
00:05:31,640 --> 00:05:33,360
And some cities want them as police.

121
00:05:33,400 --> 00:05:35,240
Yeah, some cities want them as police.

122
00:05:35,240 --> 00:05:37,960
Some people want them writing science papers.

123
00:05:37,960 --> 00:05:40,360
Like, it's crazy what they're getting AIs to do.

124
00:05:40,360 --> 00:05:41,360
Yeah, it's true.

125
00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:42,960
But with that, let's get into this episode.

126
00:05:46,840 --> 00:05:51,080
From the unexplained to the mundane, come join us on a Journey to the Fringe.

127
00:05:55,560 --> 00:06:00,680
Hello and welcome to Journey to the Fringe, where only sometimes you're first to learn

128
00:06:00,680 --> 00:06:01,680
about cannibalism.

129
00:06:01,680 --> 00:06:03,120
Is this one of those episodes?

130
00:06:03,520 --> 00:06:04,520
Probably not.

131
00:06:04,520 --> 00:06:05,520
Right, Chelsea?

132
00:06:05,520 --> 00:06:06,520
I don't know.

133
00:06:06,520 --> 00:06:08,080
I haven't read it fully through yet.

134
00:06:08,080 --> 00:06:13,120
Well, we are your sometimes, but not probably this time, cannibal informing hosts, Taylor

135
00:06:13,120 --> 00:06:14,120
and Chelsea.

136
00:06:14,120 --> 00:06:18,640
And today we're talking about a topic that I'm pretty sure won't involve cannibalism.

137
00:06:18,640 --> 00:06:21,440
But let's face it, when it does come up, I don't expect it either.

138
00:06:21,600 --> 00:06:23,400
And that, of course, is Hollow Earth.

139
00:06:23,840 --> 00:06:24,840
Is it my turn now?

140
00:06:24,840 --> 00:06:29,240
And Chelsea has taken the lead on this one, so I'm going to let her talk about it now

141
00:06:29,240 --> 00:06:31,240
and hopefully avoid saying cannibalism anymore.

142
00:06:32,680 --> 00:06:33,680
No promises.

143
00:06:33,680 --> 00:06:34,680
It may come up again.

144
00:06:34,880 --> 00:06:35,880
Yeah, Hollow Earth.

145
00:06:35,880 --> 00:06:37,360
Now you just got it on the minds.

146
00:06:37,360 --> 00:06:38,360
Hollow Earth or cannibalism?

147
00:06:40,360 --> 00:06:41,360
Cannibalism.

148
00:06:41,360 --> 00:06:42,360
Hollow Earth.

149
00:06:42,360 --> 00:06:44,360
The surprisingly cannibalism filled history.

150
00:06:44,360 --> 00:06:47,360
The surprisingly earth is filled with cannibal.

151
00:06:47,360 --> 00:06:50,360
That would be a good scary movie or horrible, probably horrible.

152
00:06:50,360 --> 00:06:55,360
OK, so Hollow Earth again for the last time.

153
00:06:55,360 --> 00:07:01,160
I think if I were to take a poll, a great majority of us modern people who have gone

154
00:07:01,160 --> 00:07:08,160
to school and do math think that Earth is a series of layers across liquid magma surrounding

155
00:07:08,160 --> 00:07:11,160
a dense hot core made primarily of iron and nickel.

156
00:07:11,160 --> 00:07:15,160
I said that straight from memory, not from my notes.

157
00:07:15,160 --> 00:07:18,160
It's specifically what I know of the Earth to be true.

158
00:07:18,160 --> 00:07:19,160
Yeah.

159
00:07:19,160 --> 00:07:23,160
Well, it's because you're you're just a sane person who's constantly doing math, who just

160
00:07:23,160 --> 00:07:25,160
knows rational things about the Earth.

161
00:07:25,160 --> 00:07:26,160
Exactly, right off the top of my head.

162
00:07:26,160 --> 00:07:29,160
But what if I told you that Hollow Earth is a series of layers across liquid magma surrounding

163
00:07:29,160 --> 00:07:32,160
a dense hot core made primarily of iron and nickel.

164
00:07:32,160 --> 00:07:38,160
Hollow Earth has a lot more history than, well, at least I thought it did.

165
00:07:38,160 --> 00:07:43,160
It's not just assholes on ancient aliens speculating about what could be in the Hollow

166
00:07:43,160 --> 00:07:44,160
Earth.

167
00:07:44,160 --> 00:07:49,160
It actually goes way, way back, appearing in mythology, folklore and legends of pretty

168
00:07:49,160 --> 00:07:52,160
much everyone, which actually makes sense.

169
00:07:52,160 --> 00:07:54,160
So you're saying it's more than 20 years old.

170
00:07:54,160 --> 00:07:55,160
Yeah.

171
00:07:55,160 --> 00:07:58,160
And when I say it that way, it kind of makes sense, right?

172
00:07:58,160 --> 00:08:01,160
It's that it's been around forever, basically.

173
00:08:01,160 --> 00:08:07,160
And especially like we've known about caves for pretty much the entire time humans have

174
00:08:07,160 --> 00:08:08,160
been around.

175
00:08:08,160 --> 00:08:13,160
And we've actually never been able to go that far into caves until very recently.

176
00:08:13,160 --> 00:08:16,160
So why wouldn't you just think they go on for a long time?

177
00:08:16,160 --> 00:08:17,160
Exactly.

178
00:08:17,160 --> 00:08:18,160
And it's not just caves.

179
00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:22,160
And when I get into it, you're going to be like nodding along with me, like, of course,

180
00:08:22,160 --> 00:08:23,160
Hollow Earth.

181
00:08:23,160 --> 00:08:25,160
Why didn't I know this?

182
00:08:25,160 --> 00:08:29,160
And for the most part, it would have been intertwined with the concept of origin or the

183
00:08:29,160 --> 00:08:30,160
afterlife.

184
00:08:30,160 --> 00:08:34,160
And I'm just going to list a few examples of where a Hollow Earth has appeared.

185
00:08:34,160 --> 00:08:40,160
Some of these includes include the Nordics, Vatel, Fa, Haemer.

186
00:08:40,160 --> 00:08:43,160
I just went with mouthfeel on that one straight up.

187
00:08:43,160 --> 00:08:44,160
Vatel Haemer?

188
00:08:44,160 --> 00:08:46,160
I know you've probably all heard of that.

189
00:08:46,160 --> 00:08:47,160
Christian Hell.

190
00:08:47,160 --> 00:08:48,160
Yeah, that makes sense.

191
00:08:48,160 --> 00:08:51,160
Because yeah, you're not just you're not stuck in rock or lava.

192
00:08:51,160 --> 00:08:54,160
Yes, there is lava there, but there's also like walking around.

193
00:08:54,160 --> 00:08:59,160
And these religions think that, well, Christianity, all the Western religions think that Hell

194
00:08:59,160 --> 00:09:02,160
is a place and Hell is usually under our feet in the Earth.

195
00:09:02,160 --> 00:09:06,160
Jewish Sheol, which has details in Kabbalistic literature.

196
00:09:06,160 --> 00:09:08,160
The Greek underworld.

197
00:09:08,160 --> 00:09:12,160
So in the Greek underworld, they were, again, Hercules is coming up.

198
00:09:12,160 --> 00:09:16,160
We're all familiar with the Greek underworld in Hades and the River Styx.

199
00:09:16,160 --> 00:09:21,160
There were caverns under the surface, which were entrances, entrances leading into the

200
00:09:21,160 --> 00:09:22,160
underworld.

201
00:09:22,160 --> 00:09:27,160
Most of these entrances, why is entrance really hard to say right now?

202
00:09:27,160 --> 00:09:28,160
Now it's losing all meaning.

203
00:09:28,160 --> 00:09:29,160
I've said it so much.

204
00:09:29,160 --> 00:09:35,160
Most of these entrances were located at various physical caverns in which I'm not going to

205
00:09:35,160 --> 00:09:39,160
name because there's a lot and my pronunciation is too perfect to handle.

206
00:09:39,160 --> 00:09:42,160
And we actually did an episode on entrance into Hell.

207
00:09:42,160 --> 00:09:43,160
We did.

208
00:09:43,160 --> 00:09:44,160
Exactly.

209
00:09:44,160 --> 00:09:46,160
So if you want to learn more about those, just go listen to that.

210
00:09:46,160 --> 00:09:48,160
And they don't specifically say Hollow Earth.

211
00:09:48,160 --> 00:09:50,160
That was a good episode, by the way.

212
00:09:50,160 --> 00:09:52,160
But it must be Hollow for...

213
00:09:52,160 --> 00:09:56,160
When we've brought up an old episode of Wipper Fit, that was a bad episode.

214
00:09:56,160 --> 00:09:59,160
There are a few in my head that I wouldn't say...

215
00:09:59,160 --> 00:10:03,160
We're going to have to say that at one point just to make people believe us on those good

216
00:10:03,160 --> 00:10:04,160
episodes.

217
00:10:04,160 --> 00:10:05,160
No, there are a few that I don't bring up.

218
00:10:05,160 --> 00:10:07,160
They shouldn't be gone back and listened to.

219
00:10:07,160 --> 00:10:14,160
And one of them has skyrocketed in popularity, which is concerning to me, which is episode

220
00:10:14,160 --> 00:10:16,160
number one.

221
00:10:16,160 --> 00:10:18,160
And yet here everyone is listening to us.

222
00:10:18,160 --> 00:10:20,160
Episode one is not a good episode.

223
00:10:20,160 --> 00:10:24,160
Also, the calendar episode, in theory is a good episode.

224
00:10:24,160 --> 00:10:25,160
The audio quality sucks.

225
00:10:25,160 --> 00:10:28,160
There's a few where the audio quality sucks.

226
00:10:28,160 --> 00:10:30,160
Anyhow, back to Hollow Earth.

227
00:10:30,160 --> 00:10:32,160
We're still talking about the Greek underworld.

228
00:10:32,160 --> 00:10:38,160
In some legends, it is said that there are caverns occupied by an ancient god, Zalmoxis.

229
00:10:38,160 --> 00:10:42,160
And here we are with the caverns that lead to the underworld.

230
00:10:42,160 --> 00:10:47,160
In the Mesopotamian religion, there is a story of a man who, after traveling through the

231
00:10:47,160 --> 00:10:52,160
darkness of a tunnel in the mountain of Masu, entered a subterranean garden in the earth.

232
00:10:52,160 --> 00:10:58,160
It is also mentioned in Tibetan Buddhism, where it is believed that Shambhala is located

233
00:10:58,160 --> 00:10:59,160
inside the earth.

234
00:10:59,160 --> 00:11:00,160
Shambhala.

235
00:11:00,160 --> 00:11:02,160
Shambhala is the music festival.

236
00:11:02,160 --> 00:11:05,160
Shambhala is the utopia of Tibetan Buddhism.

237
00:11:05,160 --> 00:11:07,160
Well, it's both the same.

238
00:11:07,160 --> 00:11:08,160
I know.

239
00:11:08,160 --> 00:11:09,160
I know.

240
00:11:09,160 --> 00:11:15,160
In Celtic mythology, there's a legend of a cave called Kruquachin.

241
00:11:15,160 --> 00:11:18,160
Also, I'm not that good at that language.

242
00:11:18,160 --> 00:11:20,160
What is it that they speak?

243
00:11:20,160 --> 00:11:21,160
Celts?

244
00:11:21,160 --> 00:11:22,160
Gaelic.

245
00:11:22,160 --> 00:11:23,160
Gaelic, yeah.

246
00:11:23,160 --> 00:11:28,160
Kruquachin, also known as Ireland's Gate to Hell, a mythical and ancient cave from which,

247
00:11:28,160 --> 00:11:32,160
according to legend, strange creatures would emerge and be seen on the surface of the earth.

248
00:11:32,160 --> 00:11:33,160
Now, that is some scary stuff.

249
00:11:33,160 --> 00:11:35,160
Is that where leprechauns come from?

250
00:11:35,160 --> 00:11:36,160
Or that Hellrider guy?

251
00:11:36,160 --> 00:11:43,160
This one is actually really cool, and I wouldn't mind doing an episode on this because it seems

252
00:11:43,160 --> 00:11:44,160
really freaky.

253
00:11:44,160 --> 00:11:48,160
There are also stories of medieval knights and saints who went on pilgrimages.

254
00:11:48,160 --> 00:11:49,160
Pilgrimages?

255
00:11:49,160 --> 00:11:50,160
Pilgrimages?

256
00:11:50,160 --> 00:11:52,160
They would go on pilgrimage.

257
00:11:52,160 --> 00:11:53,160
Pilgrimages.

258
00:11:53,160 --> 00:11:55,160
To a cave.

259
00:11:55,160 --> 00:11:57,160
Just one pilgrimage.

260
00:11:57,160 --> 00:11:58,160
Multiple.

261
00:11:58,160 --> 00:12:05,160
To a cave located in Station Island, County Donegal in Ireland, where they made journeys

262
00:12:05,160 --> 00:12:07,160
inside the earth into a place of purgatory.

263
00:12:07,160 --> 00:12:13,160
In County Down, Northern Ireland, there is a myth which says tunnels lead to the land

264
00:12:13,160 --> 00:12:19,160
of the subterranean Twatha de Danann, a group of people who are believed to have introduced

265
00:12:19,160 --> 00:12:22,160
Druidism to Ireland and then went back underground.

266
00:12:22,160 --> 00:12:24,160
Isn't that like the coolest thing?

267
00:12:24,160 --> 00:12:25,160
I thought so.

268
00:12:25,160 --> 00:12:30,160
That's not the only group that says that somebody comes from underground to enlighten them or

269
00:12:30,160 --> 00:12:31,160
save them.

270
00:12:31,160 --> 00:12:34,160
Yeah, it might come up here because it goes on.

271
00:12:34,160 --> 00:12:38,160
In Hindu mythology, the underworld is referred to as Patala.

272
00:12:38,160 --> 00:12:44,160
The Angami Naga tribes of India claim that their ancestors emerged in the ancient times

273
00:12:44,160 --> 00:12:47,160
from a subterranean land inside the earth.

274
00:12:47,160 --> 00:12:48,160
There you go.

275
00:12:48,160 --> 00:12:49,160
Another one.

276
00:12:49,160 --> 00:12:54,160
The Taino from Cuba believe their ancestors emerged in ancient times from two caves in

277
00:12:54,160 --> 00:12:55,160
a mountain underground.

278
00:12:55,160 --> 00:13:00,160
Natives of the Trobriand Islands off the coast of New Guinea believe that their ancestors

279
00:13:00,160 --> 00:13:05,160
had come from a subterranean land through a cavern hold called Obukula.

280
00:13:05,160 --> 00:13:12,160
Mexican folklore also tells of a cave in the mountain five miles south of Ohinaga and that

281
00:13:12,160 --> 00:13:17,160
Mexico is possessed by devilish creatures who came from the inside of the earth.

282
00:13:17,160 --> 00:13:18,160
Like Mexico the country?

283
00:13:18,160 --> 00:13:23,160
Because like Mexico isn't that old as a country compared to that.

284
00:13:23,160 --> 00:13:25,160
Yeah, it just says Mexican folklore.

285
00:13:25,160 --> 00:13:30,160
That would have been like either the Aztec Incan or the Ohmec Empire.

286
00:13:30,160 --> 00:13:31,160
It's not that specific.

287
00:13:31,160 --> 00:13:35,160
So it probably is Aztec or something like that.

288
00:13:35,160 --> 00:13:38,160
I would be assuming because this is all old stuff.

289
00:13:38,160 --> 00:13:44,160
In the Middle Ages an ancient German myth held that some mountains located between

290
00:13:44,160 --> 00:13:50,160
Isanq, Izanak and Gotha hold a portal to the inner earth.

291
00:13:50,160 --> 00:13:58,160
A Russian legend says the Simoites, an ancient Siberian tribe, traveled to a cavern city

292
00:13:58,160 --> 00:14:00,160
to live inside the earth.

293
00:14:00,160 --> 00:14:01,160
This is a cool poem.

294
00:14:01,160 --> 00:14:07,160
The Italian writer Dante describes a hollow earth in his well-known 14th century work

295
00:14:07,160 --> 00:14:12,160
Inferno in which the fall of Lucifer from heaven caused an enormous funnel to appear

296
00:14:12,160 --> 00:14:19,160
in a previously solid and spherical earth as well as an enormous mountain opposite it Purgatory.

297
00:14:19,160 --> 00:14:24,160
In Native American mythology it is said that the ancestors of the Mandan people in ancient

298
00:14:24,160 --> 00:14:29,160
times emerged from a subterranean land through a cave at the north side of the Missouri River.

299
00:14:29,160 --> 00:14:35,160
There is also a tale about a tunnel in the San Carlos Apache Indian Reserve in Arizona

300
00:14:35,160 --> 00:14:40,160
near Cedar Creek which is said to lead inside the earth to a land inhabited by a mysterious

301
00:14:40,160 --> 00:14:41,160
tribe.

302
00:14:41,160 --> 00:14:45,160
It is also the belief of the tribes of the Iroquois that their ancient ancestors emerged

303
00:14:45,160 --> 00:14:48,160
from the subterranean world inside the earth.

304
00:14:48,160 --> 00:14:54,160
The elders of the Hopi people believe that Sipapu entrance in the Grand Canyon exists

305
00:14:54,160 --> 00:14:55,160
which leads to the underworld.

306
00:14:55,160 --> 00:14:56,160
That just makes sense.

307
00:14:56,160 --> 00:15:00,160
And lastly, but probably not last, just made it onto my list.

308
00:15:00,160 --> 00:15:05,160
Brazilian Indians who live alongside the Parima River in Brazil claim that their forefathers

309
00:15:05,160 --> 00:15:10,160
emerged in ancient times from an underground land and that many of their ancestors still

310
00:15:10,160 --> 00:15:11,160
remain inside the earth.

311
00:15:11,160 --> 00:15:17,160
Ancestors of the Inca supposedly came from caves which are located east of Cusco, Peru.

312
00:15:17,160 --> 00:15:22,160
So yeah, that's a lot of cultures where their origin story.

313
00:15:22,160 --> 00:15:24,160
That's many if not all of the continents.

314
00:15:24,160 --> 00:15:28,160
I don't think I heard Africa, but most continents were covered in that.

315
00:15:28,160 --> 00:15:32,160
You best believe Africa believes it too, just as Mexico does.

316
00:15:32,160 --> 00:15:37,160
So, not such a foreign and crazy idea as you might think it would have been, at least to

317
00:15:37,160 --> 00:15:38,160
my knowledge.

318
00:15:38,160 --> 00:15:42,160
And I speak for everyone here because here, this is our podcast and we speak for everyone.

319
00:15:42,160 --> 00:15:44,160
And you speak for me apparently.

320
00:15:44,160 --> 00:15:45,160
Yes.

321
00:15:45,160 --> 00:15:46,160
Okay.

322
00:15:46,160 --> 00:15:47,160
At this point, yes.

323
00:15:47,160 --> 00:15:49,160
It then moves on and a-

324
00:15:49,160 --> 00:15:51,160
You speak for everyone including me, okay.

325
00:15:51,160 --> 00:15:54,160
That's the power I have at this moment.

326
00:15:54,160 --> 00:15:58,160
It then moves on and evolves from these ancient legends to more modern times.

327
00:15:58,160 --> 00:16:03,160
And we'll pick it up back here in the 16th and 18th centuries where we see mention of

328
00:16:03,160 --> 00:16:10,160
hollow earth in Shakespeare, specifically in A Midsummer Night's Dream, circa 1595.

329
00:16:10,160 --> 00:16:17,160
Disclaimer, if you have never heard of Shakespeare, it is hard to understand sometimes.

330
00:16:17,160 --> 00:16:20,160
Yeah, for all we know, it's actually referenced in every one of his plays.

331
00:16:20,160 --> 00:16:21,160
It's true.

332
00:16:21,160 --> 00:16:22,160
We just-

333
00:16:22,160 --> 00:16:23,160
It's true.

334
00:16:23,160 --> 00:16:24,160
Don't fucking know what he's saying.

335
00:16:24,160 --> 00:16:29,160
Here is a line from A Midsummer Night's Dream where Hermia, Herm-er-mia?

336
00:16:29,160 --> 00:16:30,160
Hermia?

337
00:16:30,160 --> 00:16:34,160
She says, he says, they say, I'll believe this soon.

338
00:16:34,160 --> 00:16:37,160
This whole earth may be bored and not the moon.

339
00:16:37,160 --> 00:16:40,160
May through the center creep and so displease.

340
00:16:40,160 --> 00:16:43,160
Her brothers noontide and antipodes.

341
00:16:43,160 --> 00:16:45,160
End quote from Hermia.

342
00:16:45,160 --> 00:16:49,160
I'm going to quickly move on because I'm not so good at reciting Shakespeare that we have

343
00:16:49,160 --> 00:16:57,160
hollow earth further being popularized by Antacius Kertcher's nonfiction, Mundus Subterranius

344
00:16:57,160 --> 00:17:03,160
in 1665, which speculated that there is an intricate system of cavities and a channel

345
00:17:03,160 --> 00:17:05,160
of water connecting the poles.

346
00:17:05,160 --> 00:17:11,160
And somewhat- 1692, sorry, I was a little bit dyslexic in reading that.

347
00:17:11,160 --> 00:17:17,160
Someone we might all be a little familiar with and who in 1692 are we so familiar with,

348
00:17:17,160 --> 00:17:19,160
we might ask. Probably no one.

349
00:17:19,160 --> 00:17:21,160
But I don't know anyone that would be alive back then.

350
00:17:21,160 --> 00:17:27,160
But someone you've probably heard of, Edmund Halley, as in Halley's Comet, is probably one of the

351
00:17:27,160 --> 00:17:32,160
first to scientifically speculate about the hollow earth and conjecture that the earth might

352
00:17:32,160 --> 00:17:38,160
consist of a hollow shell about 800 kilometers thick with two inner concentric shells and an

353
00:17:38,160 --> 00:17:39,160
innermost core.

354
00:17:39,160 --> 00:17:44,160
He said that atmospheres would separate these shells and each shell has its own magnetic

355
00:17:44,160 --> 00:17:48,160
poles and the spheres would rotate at different speeds.

356
00:17:48,160 --> 00:17:53,160
And this theory was proposed to explain anomalous compass readings.

357
00:17:53,160 --> 00:17:59,160
He envisaged the atmosphere inside is luminous and probably inhabited and speculated that

358
00:17:59,160 --> 00:18:02,160
the escaping gas caused the aurora borealis.

359
00:18:02,160 --> 00:18:05,160
And I love it when a theory comes together like that.

360
00:18:05,160 --> 00:18:07,160
It just all makes sense.

361
00:18:07,160 --> 00:18:11,160
I know you're all nodding along with us, with Edmund and me reading it.

362
00:18:11,160 --> 00:18:13,160
Like, yes, that makes perfect sense.

363
00:18:13,160 --> 00:18:20,160
In 1781, Leclerc Milford, love the name, led a journey with hundreds of Muskogee people

364
00:18:20,160 --> 00:18:25,160
to a series of caverns near the Red River above the junction of the Mississippi River.

365
00:18:25,160 --> 00:18:31,160
According to Milford, the original Muskogee people's ancestors are believed to have emerged

366
00:18:31,160 --> 00:18:34,160
out of the surface of the earth in the ancient time from the caverns.

367
00:18:34,160 --> 00:18:40,160
He also claimed that the caverns could easily claim 15,000 to 20,000 families.

368
00:18:40,160 --> 00:18:42,160
So there's that.

369
00:18:42,160 --> 00:18:43,160
Seems like a lot.

370
00:18:43,160 --> 00:18:48,160
Modern times really have the hollow earth theory going downhill, and it only goes more downhill

371
00:18:48,160 --> 00:18:51,160
than the hollow earth glory days of ancient times.

372
00:18:51,160 --> 00:18:56,160
In the 19th century, in 1818, we have John Cleaves...

373
00:18:56,160 --> 00:18:57,160
Oh no, this guy again.

374
00:18:57,160 --> 00:18:58,160
Simis?

375
00:18:58,160 --> 00:18:59,160
Simis?

376
00:18:59,160 --> 00:19:02,160
What did we land on on the Antarctic episode?

377
00:19:02,160 --> 00:19:03,160
Sims, I think.

378
00:19:03,160 --> 00:19:04,160
We talked about...

379
00:19:04,160 --> 00:19:06,160
I think, yeah, you say Sims.

380
00:19:06,160 --> 00:19:07,160
Sims, I think it was Sims.

381
00:19:07,160 --> 00:19:11,160
We talked about him ever so briefly in the Antarctic episode, long enough for me to debate.

382
00:19:11,160 --> 00:19:18,160
And we will talk about him ever so briefly in this episode as well, as he is ever but

383
00:19:18,160 --> 00:19:20,160
a fleeting talking about on Journey to the Fringe.

384
00:19:20,160 --> 00:19:26,160
Anyhow, as a reminder, he suggested that the earth consisted of a hollow shell about 13,000

385
00:19:26,160 --> 00:19:27,160
km...

386
00:19:27,160 --> 00:19:35,160
1300, sorry, kilometers thick, with openings about 2300 km across at both poles, with four

387
00:19:35,160 --> 00:19:37,160
inner shells each open at the poles.

388
00:19:37,160 --> 00:19:41,160
Sims was the first to put forth the theory that you could access the hollow earth through

389
00:19:41,160 --> 00:19:42,160
these holes.

390
00:19:42,160 --> 00:19:47,160
They go by the Sims holes, which I don't think I referred to them as in the Antarctic episode.

391
00:19:47,160 --> 00:19:49,160
No, we changed it to North Pole holes.

392
00:19:49,160 --> 00:19:50,160
Yes, right.

393
00:19:50,160 --> 00:19:52,160
I knew it didn't sound right.

394
00:19:52,160 --> 00:19:53,160
I knew it.

395
00:19:53,160 --> 00:19:54,160
It just didn't click for me.

396
00:19:54,160 --> 00:19:56,160
Nobody wants to talk about Sims holes.

397
00:19:56,160 --> 00:19:59,160
No, but everyone wants to talk about the North Pole holes.

398
00:19:59,160 --> 00:20:04,160
It really gets ingrained into your brain, and then you can't get the North Pole hole

399
00:20:04,160 --> 00:20:05,160
out.

400
00:20:05,160 --> 00:20:10,160
Sims became one of the most famous of the early hollow-earther people, which is why

401
00:20:10,160 --> 00:20:14,160
he made it into the Antarctic episode, and it's the only way he would have.

402
00:20:14,160 --> 00:20:20,160
I'm just wondering, technically isn't pretty much most of the world a hollow-earth person

403
00:20:20,160 --> 00:20:21,160
in that they believe in hell?

404
00:20:21,160 --> 00:20:25,160
Is the separation between somebody who's an early hollow-earther, somebody who says,

405
00:20:25,160 --> 00:20:29,160
well, it's not just hell, like it's an entire cavern that mortals couldn't have it as well.

406
00:20:29,160 --> 00:20:36,160
They're starting to, at this point in the 18th and 19th century, starting with Edmundo,

407
00:20:36,160 --> 00:20:37,160
Edmond Haley.

408
00:20:37,160 --> 00:20:42,160
They're starting to scientifically go into a different category.

409
00:20:42,160 --> 00:20:43,160
Okay.

410
00:20:43,160 --> 00:20:46,160
Yes, technically you could call them all hollow-earthers.

411
00:20:46,160 --> 00:20:49,160
Technically, like most religions are hollow-earthers.

412
00:20:49,160 --> 00:20:50,160
It's true.

413
00:20:50,160 --> 00:20:51,160
It's true.

414
00:20:51,160 --> 00:20:58,160
Technically it is, but they're kind of coming away from like origin of cultures, and they

415
00:20:58,160 --> 00:21:02,160
have end times for religions where you go.

416
00:21:02,160 --> 00:21:10,160
And they're kind of coming around into scientific now of an actual, well, I mean, origin would

417
00:21:10,160 --> 00:21:13,160
say it's a physical place, I guess.

418
00:21:13,160 --> 00:21:15,160
But we're getting more into...

419
00:21:15,160 --> 00:21:17,160
Philosophical, yeah.

420
00:21:17,160 --> 00:21:18,160
Yeah.

421
00:21:18,160 --> 00:21:23,160
And these guys aren't saying that, yeah, and just below this 2300 kilometer hole, hell.

422
00:21:23,160 --> 00:21:26,160
They're saying it's somewhere we can go and it won't be missing.

423
00:21:26,160 --> 00:21:27,160
Yeah.

424
00:21:27,160 --> 00:21:30,160
They're not like, we found all the damned souls.

425
00:21:30,160 --> 00:21:31,160
It exists.

426
00:21:31,160 --> 00:21:37,800
So yeah, Sims is one of the most famous of the early hollow-earther peeps, and he declares

427
00:21:37,800 --> 00:21:42,920
that the inside of the earth would be, quote, stocked with thrifty vegetables and animals,

428
00:21:42,920 --> 00:21:43,920
if not men.

429
00:21:43,920 --> 00:21:44,920
Oh.

430
00:21:44,920 --> 00:21:45,920
Yeah, thrifty.

431
00:21:45,920 --> 00:21:47,240
That's something we want to hear these days.

432
00:21:47,240 --> 00:21:49,160
That is very hipster of him.

433
00:21:49,160 --> 00:21:50,160
Yes.

434
00:21:50,160 --> 00:21:51,160
Very.

435
00:21:51,160 --> 00:21:53,160
Like secondhand stores on every block.

436
00:21:53,160 --> 00:21:54,160
Yeah.

437
00:21:54,160 --> 00:21:59,120
He campaigned, gave lectures, and published letters about the hollow earth, always angling

438
00:21:59,120 --> 00:22:02,800
for an expedition to the North Pole that would prove his theory.

439
00:22:02,800 --> 00:22:07,520
Sims was eventually able to convince enough people of the possibility of his hollow earth

440
00:22:07,520 --> 00:22:13,960
that in 1822, and his supporters actually got Congress to vote on funding for his expedition.

441
00:22:13,960 --> 00:22:16,560
It was shot down, but it still made it.

442
00:22:16,560 --> 00:22:20,920
I mean, that's better than we've ever done.

443
00:22:20,920 --> 00:22:23,680
But Sims' belief in the inner earth never died.

444
00:22:23,680 --> 00:22:29,280
He continued to campaign for the theory until his death in 1849, and he paved a road for

445
00:22:29,280 --> 00:22:30,280
this.

446
00:22:30,280 --> 00:22:34,200
Though Sims himself never wrote a book on the subject, he touched enough lives with

447
00:22:34,200 --> 00:22:36,720
his hollow earth talk, chatter.

448
00:22:36,720 --> 00:22:38,720
There's a better word, but I can't think of it right now.

449
00:22:38,720 --> 00:22:39,720
With his holes.

450
00:22:39,720 --> 00:22:41,840
His holes were special in people's minds.

451
00:22:41,840 --> 00:22:45,040
Several authors published works discussing Sims' ideas.

452
00:22:45,040 --> 00:22:50,960
McBride wrote Sims' theory of concentric spheres, demonstrating that the earth is hollow,

453
00:22:50,960 --> 00:22:55,120
inhabitable within, and widely open about the poles in 1826.

454
00:22:55,120 --> 00:22:57,400
Now, who was McBride, you ask?

455
00:22:57,400 --> 00:23:03,200
I have no idea because I googled the book and it says by a citizen of the United States.

456
00:23:03,200 --> 00:23:07,000
So that did not clarify it.

457
00:23:07,000 --> 00:23:09,440
It narrowed it down.

458
00:23:09,440 --> 00:23:12,320
So that was weird.

459
00:23:12,320 --> 00:23:18,920
Reynolds wrote an article that appeared in a booklet in 1827, which was Remarks of Sims

460
00:23:18,920 --> 00:23:22,120
Theory, which appeared in the American Quarterly Review.

461
00:23:22,120 --> 00:23:26,280
You'll notice I didn't tell you who Reynolds is because at this point after McBride, I

462
00:23:26,280 --> 00:23:27,400
just didn't care.

463
00:23:27,400 --> 00:23:34,960
In 1868, a professor W.F. Lyons published the Hollow Globe, which put forth a Sims-like

464
00:23:34,960 --> 00:23:39,000
hollow earth hypothesis, but failed to mention Sims' self.

465
00:23:39,000 --> 00:23:40,120
That's just bad.

466
00:23:40,120 --> 00:23:41,720
What's the word when you credit someone?

467
00:23:41,720 --> 00:23:42,720
Plagiarism.

468
00:23:42,720 --> 00:23:43,720
Well, it's plagiarism when you don't.

469
00:23:43,720 --> 00:23:44,720
That's bad plagiarism.

470
00:23:44,720 --> 00:23:45,720
That's just plagiarism.

471
00:23:45,720 --> 00:23:46,720
Not bad.

472
00:23:46,720 --> 00:23:47,720
I mean, it's just plagiarism.

473
00:23:47,720 --> 00:23:48,720
It's not bad.

474
00:23:48,720 --> 00:23:49,720
It's just regular plagiarism.

475
00:23:49,720 --> 00:23:53,280
Would it be bad if you credit them, but like incorrectly?

476
00:23:53,280 --> 00:23:55,120
Just regular plagiarism.

477
00:23:55,120 --> 00:23:57,160
Sim's son, Americus.

478
00:23:57,160 --> 00:23:58,160
Americus.

479
00:23:58,160 --> 00:23:59,160
That's right.

480
00:23:59,160 --> 00:24:00,160
Americus.

481
00:24:00,160 --> 00:24:05,640
Then published the Sims Theory of Concentric Spheres in 1878 to set the record straight.

482
00:24:05,640 --> 00:24:06,960
So let's move on from Sims.

483
00:24:06,960 --> 00:24:07,960
I've heard enough of him.

484
00:24:07,960 --> 00:24:09,520
Jeremiah Reynolds, who...

485
00:24:09,520 --> 00:24:10,520
So get this.

486
00:24:10,520 --> 00:24:11,520
Okay.

487
00:24:11,520 --> 00:24:13,640
Sometimes I don't look at who people are.

488
00:24:13,640 --> 00:24:16,080
Sometimes I look too much into who people are.

489
00:24:16,080 --> 00:24:20,680
And I looked at Jeremiah Reynolds just to get a feel of the guy, and I could not put

490
00:24:20,680 --> 00:24:21,920
this information in.

491
00:24:21,920 --> 00:24:28,000
He was an American newspaper editor, lecturer, explorer, and author who became an influential

492
00:24:28,000 --> 00:24:30,680
advocate for scientific expeditions.

493
00:24:30,680 --> 00:24:36,240
His lectures on the possibility of a hollow earth appear to have influenced Edgar Allan

494
00:24:36,240 --> 00:24:43,280
Poe's The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket and Reynolds' 1839 account of

495
00:24:43,280 --> 00:24:45,160
the whale Mocha Dick.

496
00:24:45,160 --> 00:24:50,880
Mocha Dick or the White Whale of the Pacific influenced Herman Melville's Moby Dick.

497
00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:51,880
That's right.

498
00:24:51,880 --> 00:24:52,880
Have you heard of Moka Dick?

499
00:24:52,880 --> 00:24:55,920
The book that inspired Moby Dick?

500
00:24:55,920 --> 00:24:59,400
I understand why it's the forgotten Thor Runner.

501
00:24:59,400 --> 00:25:00,880
So now there's...

502
00:25:00,880 --> 00:25:01,880
Moka Dick.

503
00:25:01,880 --> 00:25:04,800
Now there's some more information.

504
00:25:04,800 --> 00:25:10,640
You can stand by the punch bowl at a party and just make good conversation about...

505
00:25:10,640 --> 00:25:12,640
And it'll go something like this.

506
00:25:12,640 --> 00:25:14,640
You know about the South Pole.

507
00:25:14,640 --> 00:25:17,480
You know about Moka Dick.

508
00:25:17,480 --> 00:25:19,040
You've got so much.

509
00:25:19,040 --> 00:25:20,040
Yeah.

510
00:25:20,040 --> 00:25:21,040
And you know about...

511
00:25:21,040 --> 00:25:24,200
Who was the guy in the cryptid?

512
00:25:24,200 --> 00:25:25,200
Vegetable Man or something.

513
00:25:25,200 --> 00:25:27,200
Oh, you have your different stations.

514
00:25:27,200 --> 00:25:31,360
So you stand at the vegetable place.

515
00:25:31,360 --> 00:25:33,160
You talk about vegetable man.

516
00:25:33,160 --> 00:25:38,040
Then you move over to the punch bowl where you say, you know about the book that inspired

517
00:25:38,040 --> 00:25:39,040
Moby Dick.

518
00:25:39,040 --> 00:25:42,040
You know what it's called?

519
00:25:42,040 --> 00:25:49,040
Immediately you're going to make an enemy before Moka Dick even makes an enemy.

520
00:25:49,040 --> 00:25:55,440
Okay, I gotta go back to talk about the episode.

521
00:25:55,440 --> 00:25:58,600
And then you go to the bathroom and you talk about the holes.

522
00:25:58,600 --> 00:26:02,800
Just stand outside the bathroom.

523
00:26:02,800 --> 00:26:06,640
And there is a party you'll never be welcome back to.

524
00:26:06,640 --> 00:26:13,400
Jeremiah delivered lectures at the Hollow Earth and argued that there should be an expedition.

525
00:26:13,400 --> 00:26:17,240
And that's literally all I have about Jeremiah Reynolds.

526
00:26:17,240 --> 00:26:18,640
So I'm not sure why...

527
00:26:18,640 --> 00:26:20,760
Moka Dick, we should go check it out.

528
00:26:20,760 --> 00:26:25,880
I'm not sure why I felt so compelled to look into this guy.

529
00:26:25,880 --> 00:26:30,200
You damn well know why.

530
00:26:30,200 --> 00:26:36,120
Those are my journalistic instincts taking me to good places.

531
00:26:36,120 --> 00:26:43,280
John Leslie, a Scottish mathematician and physicist proposed a Hollow Earth in his 1829

532
00:26:43,280 --> 00:26:45,040
Elements of Natural Philosophy.

533
00:26:45,040 --> 00:26:51,480
If you open your book to page 449 to 453, you'll see those four whole pages on Hollow

534
00:26:51,480 --> 00:26:52,480
Earth.

535
00:26:52,480 --> 00:26:53,480
You can close it now.

536
00:26:53,480 --> 00:26:59,320
In 1864, Journey to the Center of the Earth by Jules Verne describes an expedition into

537
00:26:59,320 --> 00:27:04,240
the Earth's interior via the fictional Icelandic volcano Skar Terris.

538
00:27:04,240 --> 00:27:06,400
They don't make it to the actual center.

539
00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:07,400
Oh, that's a spoiler.

540
00:27:07,400 --> 00:27:08,400
I'm sorry, guys.

541
00:27:08,400 --> 00:27:11,680
They've had 150 years to read it.

542
00:27:11,680 --> 00:27:16,800
But they also discover a subterranean ocean inhabited by creatures believed to be extinct.

543
00:27:16,800 --> 00:27:17,800
Spooky.

544
00:27:17,800 --> 00:27:21,440
It's later made into a movie with Brendan Fraser, in case we all didn't know about

545
00:27:21,440 --> 00:27:22,440
that stuff.

546
00:27:22,440 --> 00:27:28,060
William Fairfield Warren, who in his book Paradise Found, The Cradle of the Human Race

547
00:27:28,060 --> 00:27:34,720
at the North Pole, 1885, presented his belief that humanity originated on a continent in

548
00:27:34,720 --> 00:27:36,720
the Arctic called Hyperborea.

549
00:27:36,720 --> 00:27:39,080
Something else you'll recognize from the Antarctic episode.

550
00:27:39,080 --> 00:27:41,280
Aren't you glad you listened to all our episodes?

551
00:27:41,280 --> 00:27:44,640
This influenced some early Hollow Earth proponents.

552
00:27:44,640 --> 00:27:49,480
According to Marshall Gardner, both the Eskimo and Mongolian peoples had come from the interior

553
00:27:49,480 --> 00:27:52,320
of the Earth through the entrance at the North Pole.

554
00:27:52,320 --> 00:27:53,320
So why?

555
00:27:53,320 --> 00:27:54,320
Huh.

556
00:27:54,320 --> 00:27:58,040
I mean, two peoples don't really share a lot of similarities in my mind.

557
00:27:58,040 --> 00:28:02,440
And also like, no, it's just weird that those are the only two and then they spread out

558
00:28:02,440 --> 00:28:03,440
the way they did.

559
00:28:03,440 --> 00:28:04,440
Yeah.

560
00:28:04,440 --> 00:28:05,440
And want to stick together.

561
00:28:05,440 --> 00:28:07,440
Mortal enemies, some might say.

562
00:28:07,440 --> 00:28:09,960
Yeah, actually hate each other.

563
00:28:09,960 --> 00:28:14,120
You never want to see an Eskimo and a Mongolian see each other.

564
00:28:14,120 --> 00:28:17,440
It's bad luck and a lot of bad things can happen.

565
00:28:17,440 --> 00:28:21,040
So that's those centuries that I forgot what ones I was talking about.

566
00:28:21,040 --> 00:28:22,040
I think 19th.

567
00:28:22,040 --> 00:28:26,720
Now we move on to actual more modern times, the 20th century, and this is where it gets

568
00:28:26,720 --> 00:28:28,600
good in 1906.

569
00:28:28,600 --> 00:28:33,200
William Reed writes Phantom of the Pole supporting the idea of Hollow Earth.

570
00:28:33,200 --> 00:28:36,880
However, the interior shells or inner sun were ridiculous.

571
00:28:36,880 --> 00:28:39,920
Now that was old school news, outdated.

572
00:28:39,920 --> 00:28:41,200
Who would even believe that?

573
00:28:41,200 --> 00:28:44,800
So he took it out of his book because he was also plagiarizing.

574
00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:47,120
Just kidding.

575
00:28:47,120 --> 00:28:52,840
Like most things in this field, they're just improving on old ideas, I guess.

576
00:28:52,840 --> 00:28:56,360
Then we get a spiritualist in on the Hollow Earth action.

577
00:28:56,360 --> 00:28:57,880
Okay, get this name.

578
00:28:57,880 --> 00:29:04,520
Walburga Irringard Helena Lady Paget, who was a German writer, occultist and intimate

579
00:29:04,520 --> 00:29:06,020
friend of Kareem Victoria.

580
00:29:06,020 --> 00:29:07,020
She had written a book.

581
00:29:07,020 --> 00:29:08,920
The Royals love their occultists.

582
00:29:08,920 --> 00:29:09,920
They do.

583
00:29:09,920 --> 00:29:11,280
They really do.

584
00:29:11,280 --> 00:29:16,220
And what she comes out with in regards to the Hollow Earth and it's making it into

585
00:29:16,220 --> 00:29:20,080
this episode, you're going to be like, that is so occultist of her.

586
00:29:20,080 --> 00:29:27,200
So she had written a book called Colicuys with an unseen friend in 1907 mentioning the

587
00:29:27,200 --> 00:29:29,160
Hollow Earth as well.

588
00:29:29,160 --> 00:29:33,840
In her book, she claimed that cities exist beneath the desert, which is where people

589
00:29:33,840 --> 00:29:35,480
of Atlantis moved.

590
00:29:35,480 --> 00:29:41,100
She said an entrance to the subterranean kingdom will be discovered in the 21st century.

591
00:29:41,100 --> 00:29:46,440
So it's an occultist of her because we all know kind of the roots of Atlantis and the

592
00:29:46,440 --> 00:29:47,440
Atlanteans.

593
00:29:47,440 --> 00:29:48,440
And they're budding.

594
00:29:48,440 --> 00:29:49,440
Yeah.

595
00:29:49,440 --> 00:29:51,840
If you don't go listen to our episode on Blavatsky.

596
00:29:51,840 --> 00:29:54,400
No, that wasn't Blavatsky.

597
00:29:54,400 --> 00:29:58,200
That was our, that was season one on Lemuria.

598
00:29:58,200 --> 00:29:59,200
Yeah.

599
00:29:59,200 --> 00:30:00,200
It was I, Brazil and Lemuria.

600
00:30:00,200 --> 00:30:01,200
Yeah, it's come up.

601
00:30:01,200 --> 00:30:03,160
And it's all the occultists all the time.

602
00:30:03,160 --> 00:30:04,160
And racists.

603
00:30:04,160 --> 00:30:05,160
Yeah.

604
00:30:05,160 --> 00:30:07,640
So it's not one, it's the other.

605
00:30:07,640 --> 00:30:08,640
I think.

606
00:30:08,640 --> 00:30:09,640
And oftentimes both.

607
00:30:09,640 --> 00:30:11,440
I was going to say one in the same.

608
00:30:11,440 --> 00:30:13,840
They go together like peanut butter and jam.

609
00:30:13,840 --> 00:30:14,840
Okay.

610
00:30:14,840 --> 00:30:20,080
In 1913 along comes Marshall Gardner, who wrote a journey to the Earth's interior, not

611
00:30:20,080 --> 00:30:25,080
to be confused with journey to the center of the Earth as I had done.

612
00:30:25,080 --> 00:30:28,080
And who's clearly not plagiarized.

613
00:30:28,080 --> 00:30:29,080
Not at all.

614
00:30:29,080 --> 00:30:33,560
He changed it up a little.

615
00:30:33,560 --> 00:30:34,560
Just like Moby.

616
00:30:34,560 --> 00:30:35,560
Moby and Mocha.

617
00:30:35,560 --> 00:30:45,440
He then did a bunch of work and published an expanded version in 1920.

618
00:30:45,440 --> 00:30:50,960
So in those seven years, he went hard to work placing an interior sun in the Earth.

619
00:30:50,960 --> 00:30:56,000
So this is where we see the first time there's like an interior lighting going on in there

620
00:30:56,000 --> 00:30:59,560
and built a working model of the hollow earth, which he patented.

621
00:30:59,560 --> 00:31:00,560
Yes.

622
00:31:00,560 --> 00:31:01,560
I said patented.

623
00:31:01,560 --> 00:31:06,240
U.S. patent number, I think that's 1,096,102.

624
00:31:06,240 --> 00:31:10,600
Which, like how the hell did he patent that?

625
00:31:10,600 --> 00:31:11,600
Patented May 12th, 1914.

626
00:31:11,600 --> 00:31:12,600
Okay.

627
00:31:12,600 --> 00:31:13,640
And what's the patent?

628
00:31:13,640 --> 00:31:14,920
I'm looking it up right now.

629
00:31:14,920 --> 00:31:17,200
Oh, I think it's actually the globe itself.

630
00:31:17,200 --> 00:31:19,280
Oh, a hollow globe, right?

631
00:31:19,280 --> 00:31:20,280
Yeah.

632
00:31:20,280 --> 00:31:21,280
There's a picture of it.

633
00:31:21,280 --> 00:31:22,280
Yeah.

634
00:31:22,280 --> 00:31:23,280
It doesn't make sense to me.

635
00:31:23,280 --> 00:31:26,360
In this guy's book, Marshall Gardner, he criticizes Sims for what?

636
00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:27,360
I don't know.

637
00:31:27,360 --> 00:31:28,360
I didn't read the book.

638
00:31:28,360 --> 00:31:29,360
I already looked.

639
00:31:29,360 --> 00:31:34,000
It's a regular globe, but he appears to have painted the inside with the continents that

640
00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:35,800
would exist on the inside.

641
00:31:35,800 --> 00:31:43,960
But as far as I can tell, you can't see it because it's a regular globe on the outside.

642
00:31:43,960 --> 00:31:46,560
And there is a sun in the middle of it.

643
00:31:46,560 --> 00:31:47,560
Okay.

644
00:31:47,560 --> 00:31:50,200
There's a definite design flaw.

645
00:31:50,200 --> 00:31:54,080
Yeah, I had to do a little more searching.

646
00:31:54,080 --> 00:31:59,340
Around this time, Vladimir Abruchev, it's about time Vladimir showed up, wrote the novel

647
00:31:59,340 --> 00:32:05,080
Plutonia in which the hollow earth possessed an inner sun and was inhabited by prehistoric

648
00:32:05,080 --> 00:32:06,080
species.

649
00:32:06,080 --> 00:32:10,320
The interior was connected with the surface by an opening in the Arctic, which we all

650
00:32:10,320 --> 00:32:11,320
knew that.

651
00:32:11,320 --> 00:32:12,320
I mean, logically.

652
00:32:12,320 --> 00:32:13,320
Now, I love it.

653
00:32:13,320 --> 00:32:16,640
This point, we're seeing a lot of inner sun or light sources.

654
00:32:16,640 --> 00:32:23,000
I feel like it just adds an aspect of normalcy of what we know to be as mammals living on

655
00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:24,000
earth.

656
00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:25,440
Just like, you know, we like gravity.

657
00:32:25,440 --> 00:32:26,440
You need light.

658
00:32:26,440 --> 00:32:27,440
Yeah.

659
00:32:27,440 --> 00:32:28,440
There's a sun.

660
00:32:28,440 --> 00:32:32,720
I know that creatures do not necessarily need a light source to thrive.

661
00:32:32,720 --> 00:32:34,760
There are tons of nocturnal creatures.

662
00:32:34,760 --> 00:32:37,120
And I mean, I've seen the movie The Cave.

663
00:32:37,120 --> 00:32:39,440
I'm pretty sure that's a documentary.

664
00:32:39,440 --> 00:32:40,440
And I think that-

665
00:32:40,440 --> 00:32:42,640
No, things seem just fine.

666
00:32:42,640 --> 00:32:43,640
They're thriving.

667
00:32:43,640 --> 00:32:44,640
Exactly.

668
00:32:44,640 --> 00:32:49,720
And I think that adds a much creepier aspect to the hollow earth theory that probably all

669
00:32:49,720 --> 00:32:55,440
these people were trying to avoid with adding that sun being like, oh, look, it's just like

670
00:32:55,440 --> 00:32:56,440
up here.

671
00:32:56,440 --> 00:33:01,720
Like, it wouldn't be scary to go in there because they're all nocturnal weird creatures.

672
00:33:01,720 --> 00:33:02,880
Okay, sorry.

673
00:33:02,880 --> 00:33:05,400
I'm just looking at this patent a little bit more.

674
00:33:05,400 --> 00:33:11,720
One side, they have hinges and one side opens up as two doors so that you can see the inside.

675
00:33:11,720 --> 00:33:12,720
Okay.

676
00:33:12,720 --> 00:33:13,720
That's kind of cool.

677
00:33:13,720 --> 00:33:14,720
Yeah.

678
00:33:14,720 --> 00:33:16,840
It probably doesn't sell very good, but-

679
00:33:16,840 --> 00:33:18,600
I mean, you don't see them very many places.

680
00:33:18,600 --> 00:33:19,600
No, you don't.

681
00:33:19,600 --> 00:33:21,440
I've never even heard of it.

682
00:33:21,440 --> 00:33:23,640
And I think the patent would have expired by now.

683
00:33:23,640 --> 00:33:27,600
So if anybody wants to get into making that, just send us one, please.

684
00:33:27,600 --> 00:33:30,400
Maybe we should pull Robert Bigelow's and just-

685
00:33:30,400 --> 00:33:31,400
We're in the wrong industry.

686
00:33:31,400 --> 00:33:32,400
Yeah, we are.

687
00:33:32,400 --> 00:33:35,400
We're not millionaires either.

688
00:33:35,400 --> 00:33:39,400
Maybe we should pull a Robert Bigelow and just start looking at expired patents and

689
00:33:39,400 --> 00:33:40,400
buying them.

690
00:33:40,400 --> 00:33:41,400
Not that you-

691
00:33:41,400 --> 00:33:42,560
You don't have to buy expired patents.

692
00:33:42,560 --> 00:33:43,560
You don't?

693
00:33:43,560 --> 00:33:44,560
No, expired patents mean that-

694
00:33:44,560 --> 00:33:46,600
We have to re-patent them.

695
00:33:46,600 --> 00:33:47,600
You don't have to re-patent them.

696
00:33:47,600 --> 00:33:48,920
Just anybody could do it.

697
00:33:48,920 --> 00:33:49,920
Okay.

698
00:33:49,920 --> 00:33:50,920
Okay.

699
00:33:50,920 --> 00:33:51,920
So that's my plan out the window.

700
00:33:51,920 --> 00:33:52,920
I'm going to move on now.

701
00:33:52,920 --> 00:33:54,800
Well, nobody's doing it though.

702
00:33:54,800 --> 00:33:56,720
If everybody could do it, they're not.

703
00:33:56,720 --> 00:33:59,920
So I forget the actual lifetime of a patent, but it is much less than I remember.

704
00:33:59,920 --> 00:34:01,920
It's come up on the podcast before.

705
00:34:01,920 --> 00:34:02,920
It has.

706
00:34:02,920 --> 00:34:03,920
I'm sure it has.

707
00:34:03,920 --> 00:34:05,920
We've talked about it for sure.

708
00:34:05,920 --> 00:34:09,040
Maximum of 20 years after the day on which you filed your patent application.

709
00:34:09,040 --> 00:34:11,040
Yeah, no, I remember it being a shocking number.

710
00:34:11,040 --> 00:34:12,040
It's not even the lifetime.

711
00:34:12,040 --> 00:34:13,040
That's Canada.

712
00:34:13,040 --> 00:34:15,440
So, oh no, that's copyrights.

713
00:34:15,440 --> 00:34:17,680
Copyrights are like your lifetime plus 70 years or something.

714
00:34:17,680 --> 00:34:19,720
Oh, that's the one we've talked about then.

715
00:34:19,720 --> 00:34:20,720
Yeah.

716
00:34:20,720 --> 00:34:21,720
Okay.

717
00:34:21,720 --> 00:34:26,560
So I was done, but you probably didn't because I didn't say I was done.

718
00:34:26,560 --> 00:34:31,960
Because this is why I thought you maybe thought that I was done, that I thought you thought

719
00:34:31,960 --> 00:34:33,240
that I was done.

720
00:34:33,240 --> 00:34:37,040
This is a lot of fucking people talking about Holoworth, but guess what?

721
00:34:37,040 --> 00:34:39,200
There's more and we're only at 1920.

722
00:34:39,200 --> 00:34:43,240
Some people just arbitrarily said Chelsea must be done.

723
00:34:43,240 --> 00:34:44,240
That's been a lot of people.

724
00:34:44,240 --> 00:34:45,240
That's a lot of people.

725
00:34:45,240 --> 00:34:49,160
She must be wrapping it up soon.

726
00:34:49,160 --> 00:34:50,160
I speak for everyone.

727
00:34:50,160 --> 00:34:51,160
Okay?

728
00:34:51,160 --> 00:34:52,160
I speak for us.

729
00:34:52,160 --> 00:34:53,160
So yes.

730
00:34:53,160 --> 00:35:01,440
In 1922, Polish explorer Ferdinand Ozyndowski wrote a book titled Beast Men and Gods in

731
00:35:01,440 --> 00:35:07,000
which he states he was told about a subterranean kingdom that exists inside the earth.

732
00:35:07,000 --> 00:35:13,960
This is known as Agarti to Buddhist, Aguharti to Buddhist.

733
00:35:13,960 --> 00:35:22,280
George Papashvili, a Georgian American writer and sculptor in his Anything Can Happen in

734
00:35:22,280 --> 00:35:28,280
1940, claimed the discovery of the Caucasus Mountains of a cavern containing human skeletons

735
00:35:28,280 --> 00:35:31,400
with heads as big as bushel baskets.

736
00:35:31,400 --> 00:35:32,400
Not sure what that is.

737
00:35:32,400 --> 00:35:33,400
So it could be, it could be a little.

738
00:35:33,400 --> 00:35:34,400
Wow.

739
00:35:34,400 --> 00:35:35,760
Those are small heads.

740
00:35:35,760 --> 00:35:38,680
And an ancient tunnel leading to the center of the earth.

741
00:35:38,680 --> 00:35:41,240
One man entered the tunnel and never returned.

742
00:35:41,240 --> 00:35:44,920
Again, we don't know much about caves still probably to this day.

743
00:35:44,920 --> 00:35:45,920
Why would you go in?

744
00:35:45,920 --> 00:35:46,920
I mean.

745
00:35:46,920 --> 00:35:48,520
It's really easy to get lost and die in a cave.

746
00:35:48,520 --> 00:35:49,520
Yeah.

747
00:35:49,520 --> 00:35:50,520
Haven't they seen the cave?

748
00:35:50,520 --> 00:35:51,520
That was a terrifying movie.

749
00:35:51,520 --> 00:35:55,320
So a bushel basket in my mind or like what they used to use for like picking peaches

750
00:35:55,320 --> 00:35:56,320
and whatnot.

751
00:35:56,320 --> 00:35:57,320
Okay.

752
00:35:57,320 --> 00:35:58,320
That's big.

753
00:35:58,320 --> 00:35:59,320
So like the size of basketball.

754
00:35:59,320 --> 00:36:00,320
Okay.

755
00:36:00,320 --> 00:36:01,320
And that's history.

756
00:36:01,320 --> 00:36:02,320
We all know.

757
00:36:02,320 --> 00:36:03,320
From our Canadian history.

758
00:36:03,320 --> 00:36:04,320
Yes.

759
00:36:04,320 --> 00:36:10,520
Lobson Rampa said that there was an underground chamber system that existed beneath the Himalayas

760
00:36:10,520 --> 00:36:16,360
of Tibet, which are filled with ancient machinery, records, and treasure in his book, The Cave

761
00:36:16,360 --> 00:36:17,760
of the Agents.

762
00:36:17,760 --> 00:36:23,360
And to add up to all of this credibility, Michael Grumley, a cryptozoologist has linked

763
00:36:23,360 --> 00:36:28,920
Bigfoot and other hominin cryptids to the ancient tunnel system underground.

764
00:36:28,920 --> 00:36:32,280
Someone was bound to do that at some point or another.

765
00:36:32,280 --> 00:36:33,840
It actually came up fairly early.

766
00:36:33,840 --> 00:36:34,840
Damn if it wasn't.

767
00:36:34,840 --> 00:36:35,840
I know.

768
00:36:35,840 --> 00:36:36,840
Unfortunately.

769
00:36:36,840 --> 00:36:41,560
It actually comes up earlier than I would have thought this is.

770
00:36:41,560 --> 00:36:46,160
Well, it's in the like 40s to 50s that he makes this connection.

771
00:36:46,160 --> 00:36:48,720
I think that's a little bit early.

772
00:36:48,720 --> 00:36:52,960
That's like and that's right after the Nazis were there.

773
00:36:52,960 --> 00:36:55,960
In the Hollow Earth.

774
00:36:55,960 --> 00:36:56,960
In Tibet.

775
00:36:56,960 --> 00:36:57,960
Okay.

776
00:36:57,960 --> 00:36:59,400
They had a weird fascination with Tibet.

777
00:36:59,400 --> 00:37:00,400
Yeah.

778
00:37:00,400 --> 00:37:01,640
The Nazis do come up.

779
00:37:01,640 --> 00:37:02,640
Spoiler alert.

780
00:37:02,640 --> 00:37:04,400
I kind of expected that.

781
00:37:04,400 --> 00:37:09,120
Like I said, this is the first kind of mention of the paranormal aspect in regards to Hollow

782
00:37:09,120 --> 00:37:12,040
Earth popping up other than the occultist.

783
00:37:12,040 --> 00:37:14,560
It's a slow start, but it's coming around.

784
00:37:14,560 --> 00:37:17,480
It's coming around to what we know and love today.

785
00:37:17,480 --> 00:37:23,400
And this of course only gets added to by Dr. Raymond Bernard, who was an early 20th century

786
00:37:23,400 --> 00:37:27,600
American alternative health advocate and esoteric writer.

787
00:37:27,600 --> 00:37:32,880
He's credited with the merger of the Hollow Earth theory as well as religious beliefs

788
00:37:32,880 --> 00:37:33,880
about UFOs.

789
00:37:33,880 --> 00:37:38,560
I wrote UFOs twice, so maybe I should say it twice about UFOs, UFOs.

790
00:37:38,560 --> 00:37:41,400
So I'm sure that's what I meant.

791
00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:47,840
He writes a book in 1964 called The Hollow Earth that basically says UFOs come from inside

792
00:37:47,840 --> 00:37:54,320
the earth and add the idea that the ring nebula proves the existence of hollow worlds as well

793
00:37:54,320 --> 00:37:58,840
as speculation on the fate of Atlantis and the origin of flying saucers.

794
00:37:58,840 --> 00:38:03,040
He also believed Brazil contained the entrances to the tunnels leading to the Hollow Earth.

795
00:38:03,040 --> 00:38:07,080
Now I was like, pardon me as I was typing these notes.

796
00:38:07,080 --> 00:38:09,280
Did he say ring nebula?

797
00:38:09,280 --> 00:38:13,040
Like the connection he's making here just didn't seem to click right to me.

798
00:38:13,040 --> 00:38:15,300
I thought I was like, that seems weird.

799
00:38:15,300 --> 00:38:18,240
Because when I Googled it, what is the ring nebula?

800
00:38:18,240 --> 00:38:22,520
It's a planetary nebula in the northern constellation of Lyra.

801
00:38:22,520 --> 00:38:27,760
Such a nebula is formed when a star during the last stages of its evolution before becoming

802
00:38:27,760 --> 00:38:32,680
a white dwarf expels a vast luminous envelope of ionized gas into the surrounding interstellar

803
00:38:32,680 --> 00:38:33,680
space.

804
00:38:33,680 --> 00:38:34,680
So that's weird.

805
00:38:34,680 --> 00:38:39,760
He probably has much more of why this is connected to the Hollow Earth.

806
00:38:39,760 --> 00:38:44,680
I think it's kind of like that what's so above so below, like the macro and the micro are

807
00:38:44,680 --> 00:38:45,680
the same.

808
00:38:45,680 --> 00:38:47,960
So therefore the earth is the same.

809
00:38:47,960 --> 00:38:49,160
And that it's a ring.

810
00:38:49,160 --> 00:38:51,320
So it's like, yeah, I don't know.

811
00:38:51,320 --> 00:38:54,280
I think that's at least how I would understand him.

812
00:38:54,280 --> 00:38:56,360
It's wrong to view it that way.

813
00:38:56,360 --> 00:38:58,040
I also didn't read the book.

814
00:38:58,040 --> 00:39:03,800
So that's going to be my input into speculation on that because I don't know what he has to

815
00:39:03,800 --> 00:39:05,420
say about it all in all.

816
00:39:05,420 --> 00:39:08,180
So I might as well just say that and move on.

817
00:39:08,180 --> 00:39:09,520
If you read it, let us know.

818
00:39:09,520 --> 00:39:10,520
Is it weird?

819
00:39:10,520 --> 00:39:14,200
Is it weird that he brings up the ring nebula or does it make sense?

820
00:39:14,200 --> 00:39:16,840
Is it prove the Hollow Earth for all I know?

821
00:39:16,840 --> 00:39:17,840
I don't know.

822
00:39:17,840 --> 00:39:25,000
Moving on between 1944, 45, excuse me, and 1949 science fiction magazine.

823
00:39:25,000 --> 00:39:26,000
That's right.

824
00:39:26,000 --> 00:39:27,800
Science fiction magazine.

825
00:39:27,800 --> 00:39:31,320
I was about to delete this all, but then I read it and I was like, well, I can't take

826
00:39:31,320 --> 00:39:32,320
this out.

827
00:39:32,320 --> 00:39:37,500
So there's this magazine called Amazing Stories and it runs a series of stories called the

828
00:39:37,500 --> 00:39:40,280
Shaver Mystery by Richard Shaver.

829
00:39:40,280 --> 00:39:42,560
Science fiction writing.

830
00:39:42,560 --> 00:39:48,760
And in it, it claims that a superior prehistoric race had built a honeycomb of caves in the

831
00:39:48,760 --> 00:39:54,920
earth and that their degenerate descendants known as Duro lived there still using the

832
00:39:54,920 --> 00:39:59,960
fantastic machines abandoned by the ancient times to torment those of us living on the

833
00:39:59,960 --> 00:40:00,960
surface.

834
00:40:00,960 --> 00:40:06,080
As one of the characteristics of this torment, Shaver described voices that purportedly

835
00:40:06,080 --> 00:40:08,720
came from no explainable source.

836
00:40:08,720 --> 00:40:12,120
Science fiction story from a science fiction magazine.

837
00:40:12,120 --> 00:40:13,960
I mean, that's it.

838
00:40:13,960 --> 00:40:16,640
Like there's nothing more to that.

839
00:40:16,640 --> 00:40:17,640
That's made up.

840
00:40:17,640 --> 00:40:23,360
But thousands of readers wrote to affirm that they also hear these voices from inside the

841
00:40:23,360 --> 00:40:24,360
earth.

842
00:40:24,360 --> 00:40:26,120
This goes on.

843
00:40:26,120 --> 00:40:27,400
You needed this setup.

844
00:40:27,400 --> 00:40:29,040
It continues from here.

845
00:40:29,040 --> 00:40:34,160
David Hatcher Childress, whom you know from ancient aliens.

846
00:40:34,160 --> 00:40:38,040
That's the most famous thing I would know him from or anybody would probably know him

847
00:40:38,040 --> 00:40:39,040
from.

848
00:40:39,040 --> 00:40:43,600
Unless you know it from this book that he wrote based on the scientific, sorry, not

849
00:40:43,600 --> 00:40:48,280
scientific, the opposite of scientific, science fiction article.

850
00:40:48,280 --> 00:40:55,040
He authors the book The Lost Continents and the Hollow Earth in 1998 in which he reprints

851
00:40:55,040 --> 00:41:00,640
the stories found in said science fiction magazine and defends the Hollow Earth idea

852
00:41:00,640 --> 00:41:06,000
based on alleged tunnel systems beneath South America and Central Asia, literally based

853
00:41:06,000 --> 00:41:07,900
on the science fiction magazine.

854
00:41:07,900 --> 00:41:09,480
And now he's on ancient aliens.

855
00:41:09,480 --> 00:41:10,600
Like what the fuck?

856
00:41:10,600 --> 00:41:15,200
I mean, that's actually at least more of a saner version of some of the people that

857
00:41:15,200 --> 00:41:18,200
we've talked about and could talk about in the future as to how they got involved.

858
00:41:18,200 --> 00:41:22,160
Yeah, he's definitely going on the list after this.

859
00:41:22,160 --> 00:41:27,720
So here we see it really taking form to what we're knowing and loving about the Hollow

860
00:41:27,720 --> 00:41:28,720
Earth today.

861
00:41:28,720 --> 00:41:31,160
It actually starts in an interesting place.

862
00:41:31,160 --> 00:41:33,800
I mean, the Nazis, isn't the Nazi?

863
00:41:33,800 --> 00:41:37,280
I mean, obviously he's just trying to profit off of this.

864
00:41:37,280 --> 00:41:41,200
There's no way any sane person, no, I don't get it.

865
00:41:41,200 --> 00:41:45,480
Why not just, it's really hard to say, why not just do the research on these alleged

866
00:41:45,480 --> 00:41:47,360
tunnel systems he thinks it is?

867
00:41:47,360 --> 00:41:51,000
Why does he have to tie it back to a fricking science fiction magazine?

868
00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:53,600
Like what the fuck is that about?

869
00:41:53,600 --> 00:41:55,240
Ah, yeah.

870
00:41:55,240 --> 00:42:00,160
So this is essentially, yeah, like I said, how it gets to be the Hollow Earth it is today.

871
00:42:00,160 --> 00:42:01,160
We saw it evolve.

872
00:42:01,160 --> 00:42:05,160
We were there with it from the beginning, from its origins, from the origins of the

873
00:42:05,160 --> 00:42:06,160
earth.

874
00:42:06,160 --> 00:42:09,560
We saw it come and take shape into this.

875
00:42:09,560 --> 00:42:15,280
But I also need to mention a good Nazi conspiracy because every good episode has a Nazi conspiracy,

876
00:42:15,280 --> 00:42:16,880
whether it's one or not.

877
00:42:16,880 --> 00:42:20,360
You might just start making them up because you guys love them so much.

878
00:42:20,360 --> 00:42:21,360
We didn't say it.

879
00:42:21,360 --> 00:42:22,360
They are definitely implied.

880
00:42:22,360 --> 00:42:23,360
Yes, exactly.

881
00:42:23,360 --> 00:42:24,640
In every, every good episode.

882
00:42:24,640 --> 00:42:26,160
They are always implied.

883
00:42:26,160 --> 00:42:33,440
Karl Unger, a crew member of the German U-209, which is a U-boat, confirms that earth is

884
00:42:33,440 --> 00:42:34,700
indeed hollow.

885
00:42:34,700 --> 00:42:40,240
He visited it and he wrote a letter in German about his misadventures into the earth.

886
00:42:40,240 --> 00:42:42,120
It might've just been an adventure.

887
00:42:42,120 --> 00:42:43,720
That was just my assumption.

888
00:42:43,720 --> 00:42:44,880
Well, he was missing.

889
00:42:44,880 --> 00:42:45,880
Yeah.

890
00:42:45,880 --> 00:42:49,160
I took you all along with my assumption.

891
00:42:49,160 --> 00:42:51,160
So I'm going to read the translation.

892
00:42:51,160 --> 00:42:55,400
I won't bless you with the exact German letter that he wrote.

893
00:42:55,400 --> 00:43:00,120
So he says, among those things aboard the U-209 was an old friend.

894
00:43:00,120 --> 00:43:01,120
Oh, hold on.

895
00:43:01,120 --> 00:43:02,120
I'm not reading the letter.

896
00:43:02,120 --> 00:43:05,680
I'm starting it before the letter starts.

897
00:43:05,680 --> 00:43:09,040
I'm reading the letter of the guy who translated it.

898
00:43:09,040 --> 00:43:10,040
Okay.

899
00:43:10,040 --> 00:43:13,760
So dear old comrade, this news will be a surprise for you.

900
00:43:13,760 --> 00:43:16,900
The U-209 under sea boat.

901
00:43:16,900 --> 00:43:19,960
That doesn't seem like it was translated very well.

902
00:43:19,960 --> 00:43:20,960
Made it.

903
00:43:20,960 --> 00:43:21,960
And he's so excited.

904
00:43:21,960 --> 00:43:23,320
There's so many exclamation marks.

905
00:43:23,320 --> 00:43:24,600
The earth is hollow.

906
00:43:24,600 --> 00:43:28,160
Dr. Hachoffer and Hess were right.

907
00:43:28,160 --> 00:43:31,240
The whole crew as well, but they cannot come back.

908
00:43:31,240 --> 00:43:32,880
We are no prisoners.

909
00:43:32,880 --> 00:43:35,060
I am sure this news will reach you.

910
00:43:35,060 --> 00:43:38,240
It is the last connection with the U-boat 209.

911
00:43:38,240 --> 00:43:39,820
We will meet again, comrade.

912
00:43:39,820 --> 00:43:45,200
I am worried for everyone who has spent his life on the surface of the earth since the

913
00:43:45,200 --> 00:43:46,520
fear is gone.

914
00:43:46,520 --> 00:43:47,520
Oh God.

915
00:43:47,520 --> 00:43:51,680
God bless our Germany always with hearty greetings.

916
00:43:51,680 --> 00:43:54,000
That letter is a little disturbing.

917
00:43:54,000 --> 00:43:57,360
That just says that Germans escaped to hollow earth.

918
00:43:57,360 --> 00:43:59,280
And it was a confirmation of that.

919
00:43:59,280 --> 00:44:00,280
With so many exclamation marks.

920
00:44:00,280 --> 00:44:01,280
Yeah, so many.

921
00:44:01,280 --> 00:44:03,080
He was so excited that he made it.

922
00:44:03,080 --> 00:44:04,640
How did the letter get back?

923
00:44:04,640 --> 00:44:05,640
I don't know.

924
00:44:05,640 --> 00:44:06,640
Hold on.

925
00:44:06,640 --> 00:44:07,640
Okay.

926
00:44:07,640 --> 00:44:08,640
Does this mean?

927
00:44:08,640 --> 00:44:12,000
I just feel like there's not a good mail system in the hollow earth.

928
00:44:12,000 --> 00:44:13,600
It had to have been pigeon.

929
00:44:13,600 --> 00:44:14,600
It had to have.

930
00:44:14,600 --> 00:44:15,600
I'm not sure.

931
00:44:15,600 --> 00:44:16,600
It just says.

932
00:44:16,600 --> 00:44:20,280
What are the birds that people hypothesize fly through the hollow earth?

933
00:44:20,280 --> 00:44:22,960
Is it terns that only live at the north and south pole?

934
00:44:22,960 --> 00:44:24,960
So they're like, oh, they must fly through the hollow earth.

935
00:44:24,960 --> 00:44:26,440
We've talked about that before, haven't we?

936
00:44:26,440 --> 00:44:29,680
Well, I don't know if it's been on the show, but we've talked about it.

937
00:44:29,680 --> 00:44:33,560
And we will be talking about Mokitic in the future.

938
00:44:33,560 --> 00:44:35,560
To everyone.

939
00:44:35,560 --> 00:44:40,000
In person, most of us.

940
00:44:40,000 --> 00:44:41,000
I don't know.

941
00:44:41,000 --> 00:44:42,000
I couldn't tell you.

942
00:44:42,000 --> 00:44:45,200
I didn't read the introduction of this letter.

943
00:44:45,200 --> 00:44:47,560
I will be posting it on the social media.

944
00:44:47,560 --> 00:44:50,080
So I don't know how we got the letter.

945
00:44:50,080 --> 00:44:52,480
All it says is it was sent from the hollow earth.

946
00:44:52,480 --> 00:44:56,080
It proves somebody actually went to the hollow earth and never came back.

947
00:44:56,080 --> 00:44:59,200
And it has a robust postal system.

948
00:44:59,200 --> 00:45:01,860
Yes, it does.

949
00:45:01,860 --> 00:45:05,400
So that's the Nazi conspiracy because Nazis.

950
00:45:05,400 --> 00:45:10,480
Is it like a postcard of like an inner son and somebody laying down on the beach and

951
00:45:10,480 --> 00:45:11,480
saying we made it?

952
00:45:11,480 --> 00:45:12,480
See ya.

953
00:45:12,480 --> 00:45:13,480
That would be nice.

954
00:45:13,480 --> 00:45:16,480
It doesn't show the front of the postcard.

955
00:45:16,480 --> 00:45:18,960
It just shows that it's an actual letter.

956
00:45:18,960 --> 00:45:20,080
I have it here.

957
00:45:20,080 --> 00:45:23,920
I'll post it up to the social medias, but they don't show the front of it.

958
00:45:23,920 --> 00:45:24,920
So it could be.

959
00:45:24,920 --> 00:45:29,680
It could be some scary creature that's nocturnal and lives in the hollow earth.

960
00:45:29,680 --> 00:45:32,360
But who would want to stay there if it's freaky and you can't see?

961
00:45:32,360 --> 00:45:37,680
So anyway, then there's Admiral Richard Bird, which was talked about on the Antarctic conspiracy

962
00:45:37,680 --> 00:45:39,600
theory episode again.

963
00:45:39,600 --> 00:45:40,600
He comes up a lot.

964
00:45:40,600 --> 00:45:44,640
Do you think the Nazi gave his letter to a bird to deliver?

965
00:45:44,640 --> 00:45:45,640
It could have.

966
00:45:45,640 --> 00:45:48,640
Yeah, because this would make a lot of sense.

967
00:45:48,640 --> 00:45:51,920
Because they kind of come together again.

968
00:45:51,920 --> 00:45:55,840
And just as a reminder, he was the naval officer.

969
00:45:55,840 --> 00:45:58,560
I can't remember his exact designation again on this one.

970
00:45:58,560 --> 00:45:59,560
I didn't read it down.

971
00:45:59,560 --> 00:46:00,560
Admiral.

972
00:46:00,560 --> 00:46:01,560
He's an admiral.

973
00:46:01,560 --> 00:46:02,560
It's in his name.

974
00:46:02,560 --> 00:46:03,560
That's his name.

975
00:46:03,560 --> 00:46:04,560
That's just his first name.

976
00:46:04,560 --> 00:46:05,560
Really weird.

977
00:46:05,560 --> 00:46:06,560
Couldn't get promoted again.

978
00:46:06,560 --> 00:46:14,720
So if you remember, there's the purported document that Richard Bird had, Admiral, had

979
00:46:14,720 --> 00:46:19,800
provided to the government written by him, which tells of his trip to the Antarctic in

980
00:46:19,800 --> 00:46:22,120
which he was attacked.

981
00:46:22,120 --> 00:46:26,600
There he was confronted by a member of alien civilization.

982
00:46:26,600 --> 00:46:33,520
In some cases, it's Nazis because they either have a base in Antarctica, they entered Antarctica's

983
00:46:33,520 --> 00:46:40,720
hollow earth, South Pole hole, and they inhabited the middle with their UFOs or the inside with

984
00:46:40,720 --> 00:46:41,800
their UFOs.

985
00:46:41,800 --> 00:46:44,280
And anyhow, and all in all, they attack them.

986
00:46:44,280 --> 00:46:45,280
It's Nazis.

987
00:46:45,280 --> 00:46:47,440
Well, no, it's not necessarily Nazis in this one.

988
00:46:47,440 --> 00:46:48,440
That was the other one.

989
00:46:48,440 --> 00:46:50,400
We're excited to Nazis.

990
00:46:50,400 --> 00:46:51,400
And this one.

991
00:46:51,400 --> 00:46:53,200
This one, it's people that live inside the earth.

992
00:46:53,200 --> 00:46:55,120
It could be anything.

993
00:46:55,120 --> 00:46:59,640
Alien civilization that lives inside the earth, Nazis that live inside the earth.

994
00:46:59,640 --> 00:47:02,040
All in all, he's attacked by UFOs.

995
00:47:02,040 --> 00:47:03,640
Who's piloting them?

996
00:47:03,640 --> 00:47:04,640
Nobody knows.

997
00:47:04,640 --> 00:47:05,640
That's a mystery.

998
00:47:05,640 --> 00:47:07,880
Yeah, they come out to the surface, they get him.

999
00:47:07,880 --> 00:47:09,400
That's the end of the story.

1000
00:47:09,400 --> 00:47:11,120
It was quite confusing this time around.

1001
00:47:11,120 --> 00:47:16,120
I feel like I did a better job on the Antarctic episode, but let's move on kind of.

1002
00:47:16,120 --> 00:47:17,480
Rodney Cuff.

1003
00:47:17,480 --> 00:47:23,400
And now in our day and age, prominent hollow earth theorist published as a book in 2014

1004
00:47:23,400 --> 00:47:25,440
titled Our Living Hollow Earth.

1005
00:47:25,440 --> 00:47:28,380
And in the book, he says, of course the earth isn't flat.

1006
00:47:28,380 --> 00:47:30,340
It's a globe, but it is hollow.

1007
00:47:30,340 --> 00:47:35,200
And then he goes on to say, based on my research, I would say the earth is around 800 miles

1008
00:47:35,200 --> 00:47:37,840
thick from the outside to the inner surface.

1009
00:47:37,840 --> 00:47:42,800
Rodney and many others believe there's a whole other civilization complete with giant

1010
00:47:42,800 --> 00:47:49,280
animals, eight feet tall people, rivers, a sun, and a multitude of exotic plants.

1011
00:47:49,280 --> 00:47:52,760
Rodney describes it as a paradise and a utopia.

1012
00:47:52,760 --> 00:47:56,440
Perhaps tying it back to like origin stories, maybe.

1013
00:47:56,440 --> 00:47:57,440
I don't know.

1014
00:47:57,440 --> 00:48:00,360
He seems to be pulling from a little bit of everything I've talked about.

1015
00:48:00,360 --> 00:48:04,800
He thinks the people are far more advanced than us, not just in terms of technology,

1016
00:48:04,800 --> 00:48:09,120
but they also have a deeper understanding on music and a thirst for knowledge.

1017
00:48:09,120 --> 00:48:15,880
I don't know how you would get a deeper understanding of music, but they know all about us surface

1018
00:48:15,880 --> 00:48:17,760
dwellers for the most part.

1019
00:48:17,760 --> 00:48:20,200
Well, yeah, you always know about your upstairs name.

1020
00:48:20,200 --> 00:48:21,200
It's true.

1021
00:48:21,200 --> 00:48:23,200
It's fucking noisy.

1022
00:48:23,200 --> 00:48:28,840
Good thing I'm the upstairs neighbor.

1023
00:48:28,840 --> 00:48:30,920
They don't want to interact with us, though.

1024
00:48:30,920 --> 00:48:31,920
I can't blame them.

1025
00:48:31,920 --> 00:48:37,040
However, Rodney says they do get pretty pissed off with us when we set off nukes.

1026
00:48:37,040 --> 00:48:40,800
Again, I can't blame them as it has an impact on their lives.

1027
00:48:40,800 --> 00:48:42,920
It's probably pretty fucking noisy, too.

1028
00:48:42,920 --> 00:48:43,920
He continues.

1029
00:48:43,920 --> 00:48:45,760
That's more than dropping a plate on the ground.

1030
00:48:45,760 --> 00:48:46,760
Oh, yeah.

1031
00:48:46,760 --> 00:48:49,440
If it was hollow, that would be so fucking noisy.

1032
00:48:49,440 --> 00:48:51,480
It would probably echo.

1033
00:48:51,480 --> 00:48:52,480
He continues.

1034
00:48:52,480 --> 00:48:56,600
It has its own sun, which is obviously smaller than ours.

1035
00:48:56,600 --> 00:49:01,240
Obviously, but it actually looks bigger to the inhabitants because it's nearer.

1036
00:49:01,240 --> 00:49:04,640
And animals such as mammoths still exist inside.

1037
00:49:04,640 --> 00:49:05,640
That's right.

1038
00:49:05,640 --> 00:49:06,640
You heard it here first, folks.

1039
00:49:06,640 --> 00:49:11,000
The mammoth just went to the North Pole hole and went inside the earth.

1040
00:49:11,000 --> 00:49:15,240
All the animals are much bigger than what we have here, as are the people.

1041
00:49:15,240 --> 00:49:16,240
It's also reverse.

1042
00:49:16,240 --> 00:49:18,400
So our north is their south and vice versa.

1043
00:49:18,400 --> 00:49:19,800
Does that make sense?

1044
00:49:19,800 --> 00:49:20,800
I don't know.

1045
00:49:20,800 --> 00:49:21,800
That hurt my brain.

1046
00:49:21,800 --> 00:49:22,800
I don't.

1047
00:49:22,800 --> 00:49:23,800
Does it really matter?

1048
00:49:23,800 --> 00:49:26,240
Like, isn't that just for directional purposes?

1049
00:49:26,240 --> 00:49:27,680
I guess you're right.

1050
00:49:27,680 --> 00:49:32,760
So he quotes, if anyone has the means to go, I really can't encourage them enough.

1051
00:49:32,760 --> 00:49:34,640
So on Rodney's website.

1052
00:49:34,640 --> 00:49:36,600
Well, this doesn't exist anymore.

1053
00:49:36,600 --> 00:49:38,680
But at one time I have a screenshot.

1054
00:49:38,680 --> 00:49:40,800
Probably we'll try and post it on the socials.

1055
00:49:40,800 --> 00:49:43,300
He had a voyage to hollow earth.

1056
00:49:43,300 --> 00:49:45,520
He had the full itinerary and everything.

1057
00:49:45,520 --> 00:49:46,520
It was planned.

1058
00:49:46,520 --> 00:49:47,520
It was set.

1059
00:49:47,520 --> 00:49:54,040
It was between 18,950 to 20,950.

1060
00:49:54,040 --> 00:49:59,080
I mean, for two thousand dollars extra, I'd probably go for the 20,950.

1061
00:49:59,080 --> 00:50:01,960
I'm not sure what the difference in view would be.

1062
00:50:01,960 --> 00:50:04,760
I'm assuming it's a balcony versus an ocean view.

1063
00:50:04,760 --> 00:50:06,720
I'm also assuming USD.

1064
00:50:06,720 --> 00:50:09,920
If it's going on, you only have so many chances to go to the hollow earth.

1065
00:50:09,920 --> 00:50:10,920
Why not go in some?

1066
00:50:10,920 --> 00:50:14,160
I mean, the percentage between those two is small.

1067
00:50:14,160 --> 00:50:16,080
You want to get the best view possible.

1068
00:50:16,080 --> 00:50:17,080
Pay the higher amount.

1069
00:50:17,080 --> 00:50:18,080
You're only going to do this once.

1070
00:50:18,080 --> 00:50:19,080
You may or may not come back.

1071
00:50:19,080 --> 00:50:20,080
That is our view on Journey to the Bridge.

1072
00:50:20,080 --> 00:50:21,080
That is our opinion as professional podcast bridge hosts.

1073
00:50:21,080 --> 00:50:22,080
And we speak for you today and most days.

1074
00:50:22,080 --> 00:50:23,080
So this trip was set to go June 26 to July 19, 2007.

1075
00:50:23,080 --> 00:50:24,080
That doesn't seem like enough time in the hollow earth.

1076
00:50:24,080 --> 00:50:25,080
You don't think?

1077
00:50:25,080 --> 00:50:26,080
It seems like a pretty long trip to me.

1078
00:50:26,080 --> 00:50:27,080
It does.

1079
00:50:27,080 --> 00:50:28,080
But like you got to think you don't move as fast back then as we do today.

1080
00:50:28,080 --> 00:50:29,080
And especially like to get to the bottom of the hollow earth.

1081
00:50:29,080 --> 00:50:30,080
I mean, it's a long trip.

1082
00:50:30,080 --> 00:50:31,080
It's a long trip.

1083
00:50:31,080 --> 00:50:32,080
It's a long trip.

1084
00:50:32,080 --> 00:50:33,080
It's a long trip.

1085
00:50:33,080 --> 00:50:34,080
It's a long trip.

1086
00:50:34,080 --> 00:50:35,080
It's a long trip.

1087
00:50:35,080 --> 00:50:36,080
It's a long trip.

1088
00:50:36,080 --> 00:50:37,080
It's a long trip.

1089
00:50:37,080 --> 00:50:48,080
It's a long trip.

1090
00:50:48,080 --> 00:51:00,640
So Steve Curry, who has never come up until this point, and I'm not sure the connection

1091
00:51:00,640 --> 00:51:05,880
to this trip, but he was apparently organizing the trip, found out he had an inoperable brain

1092
00:51:05,880 --> 00:51:11,000
tumor just weeks before the journey was due to start and he died months later.

1093
00:51:11,000 --> 00:51:13,080
Apparently just canceled the whole thing.

1094
00:51:13,080 --> 00:51:14,560
Even with people booked on it.

1095
00:51:14,560 --> 00:51:15,880
I mean, I'd be pissed.

1096
00:51:15,880 --> 00:51:17,320
I don't know where this went.

1097
00:51:17,320 --> 00:51:21,800
I don't know why it didn't still go, even though Steve had to pull out.

1098
00:51:21,800 --> 00:51:23,800
Was he the only one who bought a ticket?

1099
00:51:23,800 --> 00:51:24,800
He might have been.

1100
00:51:24,800 --> 00:51:28,000
That's the only reason I could think that the whole thing would be canceled.

1101
00:51:28,000 --> 00:51:31,200
So I just want to give you a brief idea of the itinerary.

1102
00:51:31,200 --> 00:51:37,080
So on day one, you depart for Moscow, Russia, and you need to arrange your own airfare.

1103
00:51:37,080 --> 00:51:39,380
It's not included in that price tag.

1104
00:51:39,380 --> 00:51:45,160
So day two, you arrive in Moscow and you'll be staying at the Hotel Ruseva, Russia, located

1105
00:51:45,160 --> 00:51:46,720
in St. Basil's Cathedral.

1106
00:51:46,720 --> 00:51:47,720
Oh, bye.

1107
00:51:47,720 --> 00:51:48,720
Okay.

1108
00:51:48,720 --> 00:51:49,720
It's bye.

1109
00:51:49,720 --> 00:51:50,720
Not in the cathedral.

1110
00:51:50,720 --> 00:51:52,360
And spend the first day sightseeing in Moscow.

1111
00:51:52,360 --> 00:51:53,640
It's already day three.

1112
00:51:53,640 --> 00:51:56,480
Finish your sightseeing of Moscow in the morning.

1113
00:51:56,480 --> 00:51:58,920
So you've been up all night touring Moscow.

1114
00:51:58,920 --> 00:52:04,600
You will take an afternoon flight to Murmansk, Russia, where we will board the Russian icebreaker

1115
00:52:04,600 --> 00:52:05,600
Yamal.

1116
00:52:05,600 --> 00:52:10,880
Day four through seven, enjoy yourself and row to the North Pole on the Yamal, which

1117
00:52:10,880 --> 00:52:12,480
seems like a Russian ship.

1118
00:52:12,480 --> 00:52:18,040
Day eight, spend the day at the North Pole and even call home to talk to family or friends.

1119
00:52:18,040 --> 00:52:23,320
Day nine through 11, start the search for the North Polar opening to the inner continent.

1120
00:52:23,320 --> 00:52:24,920
Wait, they got a search for it?

1121
00:52:24,920 --> 00:52:25,960
This is outdated terms.

1122
00:52:25,960 --> 00:52:28,000
They meant North Pole hole.

1123
00:52:28,000 --> 00:52:29,640
Yeah, you have to search.

1124
00:52:29,640 --> 00:52:32,600
I would probably have wanted that done for me.

1125
00:52:32,600 --> 00:52:33,600
There's the hole.

1126
00:52:33,600 --> 00:52:36,360
Yeah, if you're paying and Chelsea, what year is this?

1127
00:52:36,360 --> 00:52:37,360
Just 2007.

1128
00:52:37,360 --> 00:52:38,360
Oh, yeah.

1129
00:52:38,360 --> 00:52:39,360
Okay.

1130
00:52:39,360 --> 00:52:40,360
I'm surprised.

1131
00:52:40,360 --> 00:52:41,360
I thought this was way too previous.

1132
00:52:41,360 --> 00:52:44,360
I'm surprised you missed that because you said everything was slower back then.

1133
00:52:44,360 --> 00:52:46,760
And I said, yeah, 2007 was.

1134
00:52:46,760 --> 00:52:47,760
Oh, okay.

1135
00:52:47,760 --> 00:52:50,560
Yeah, that it is slower back then.

1136
00:52:50,560 --> 00:52:56,880
So they specifically put two days in this itinerary, nine through 11 to search for the

1137
00:52:56,880 --> 00:52:57,880
hole.

1138
00:52:57,880 --> 00:53:06,840
So I don't know if that's overly ambitious or like not allocating enough time or if you

1139
00:53:06,840 --> 00:53:08,400
really should know if you're putting this.

1140
00:53:08,400 --> 00:53:13,320
We'll never know now because Steve Curry was in charge of it, I guess.

1141
00:53:13,320 --> 00:53:15,960
I mean, he puts together a really nice itinerary.

1142
00:53:15,960 --> 00:53:22,600
Days 12 through 14, once found, travel up a Hiddick Hill River to the city of Jehu.

1143
00:53:22,600 --> 00:53:25,000
Days 12 through 14, they found that hole.

1144
00:53:25,000 --> 00:53:30,880
Technically, it only takes those two days, a 15 through 16, take a monorail trip to the

1145
00:53:30,880 --> 00:53:36,000
city of Eden to visit Palace of the King of the Inner World.

1146
00:53:36,000 --> 00:53:40,000
That's two days that they put for that monorail trip.

1147
00:53:40,000 --> 00:53:45,840
And I'm just wondering, you happen to find like the hole immediately.

1148
00:53:45,840 --> 00:53:47,560
How are hotel rates?

1149
00:53:47,560 --> 00:53:49,000
Like last minute hotel bookings.

1150
00:53:49,000 --> 00:53:50,000
In the inner earth.

1151
00:53:50,000 --> 00:53:52,800
Yeah, because like you didn't plan to be there.

1152
00:53:52,800 --> 00:53:53,800
It took you two days.

1153
00:53:53,800 --> 00:53:56,040
Plus, you'll notice that there's no hotel.

1154
00:53:56,040 --> 00:53:58,120
Are they still in the ship at this point?

1155
00:53:58,120 --> 00:53:59,400
No, they're taking monorail.

1156
00:53:59,400 --> 00:54:01,200
Well, no, they're on the monorail.

1157
00:54:01,200 --> 00:54:02,200
Yeah.

1158
00:54:02,200 --> 00:54:04,720
It doesn't mention what hotel they're staying in either.

1159
00:54:04,720 --> 00:54:06,320
So that seems like an oversight.

1160
00:54:06,320 --> 00:54:10,520
Well, and then after that, aren't they staying at the King's Palace to visit?

1161
00:54:10,520 --> 00:54:12,120
It's a visit, not a stay.

1162
00:54:12,120 --> 00:54:13,120
Oh, no.

1163
00:54:13,120 --> 00:54:15,960
So your monorail is included.

1164
00:54:15,960 --> 00:54:17,280
But I'm finding some gaps.

1165
00:54:17,280 --> 00:54:18,480
We're finding the gaps.

1166
00:54:18,480 --> 00:54:23,400
Day 17 through 18, the return trip back to the city of.

1167
00:54:23,400 --> 00:54:27,160
So you're staying in the city of Eden, just where we're not sure.

1168
00:54:27,160 --> 00:54:30,920
You're returning back to the city of Jihoo on the monorail.

1169
00:54:30,920 --> 00:54:35,760
And we will then continue our journey through the North Polar opening on board the Yamal

1170
00:54:35,760 --> 00:54:37,200
for the return trip home.

1171
00:54:37,200 --> 00:54:39,560
OK, so they're docking somewhere.

1172
00:54:39,560 --> 00:54:43,760
And through all of this searching through the hole and traveling into the inner earth,

1173
00:54:43,760 --> 00:54:48,560
you only have four days in the inner earth.

1174
00:54:48,560 --> 00:54:49,800
And would you want more?

1175
00:54:49,800 --> 00:54:50,800
Would you want less?

1176
00:54:50,800 --> 00:54:51,800
I don't.

1177
00:54:51,800 --> 00:54:54,840
It depends on if there is actually a sun, I feel like, in the inner earth.

1178
00:54:54,840 --> 00:54:55,840
Is there a sun?

1179
00:54:55,840 --> 00:54:57,080
How's the food?

1180
00:54:57,080 --> 00:54:58,600
Are there actually hotels?

1181
00:54:58,600 --> 00:55:01,760
Or are we just literally staying awake for four days?

1182
00:55:01,760 --> 00:55:04,240
Or just pitch in a tent.

1183
00:55:04,240 --> 00:55:08,480
Because it kind of sounds like they don't have any sleep based on how they're talking

1184
00:55:08,480 --> 00:55:09,480
about this.

1185
00:55:09,480 --> 00:55:13,880
And once they arrive into the hollow earth, it's going to be like abliming.

1186
00:55:13,880 --> 00:55:16,000
Outside of that visit.

1187
00:55:16,000 --> 00:55:18,480
Which I guess there's no night, right?

1188
00:55:18,480 --> 00:55:20,480
Because like the sun's always up there.

1189
00:55:20,480 --> 00:55:21,480
It's always in the middle.

1190
00:55:21,480 --> 00:55:22,480
Yeah, it wouldn't set.

1191
00:55:22,480 --> 00:55:23,840
We never talked about that.

1192
00:55:23,840 --> 00:55:28,880
It wouldn't set unless they just like pull the cord and it turns off at night.

1193
00:55:28,880 --> 00:55:31,760
Or if it like turns because like it's the entire inner earth.

1194
00:55:31,760 --> 00:55:33,640
So maybe only half of it's actually lit up.

1195
00:55:33,640 --> 00:55:34,640
I don't know.

1196
00:55:34,640 --> 00:55:36,920
But how I'm picturing it is just always sunny.

1197
00:55:36,920 --> 00:55:38,960
That's exactly what I'm picturing as well.

1198
00:55:38,960 --> 00:55:43,840
So days 9 through 23, enjoy the trip back to Murmansk.

1199
00:55:43,840 --> 00:55:47,080
And day 24, catch a flight from Murmansk to Moscow.

1200
00:55:47,080 --> 00:55:50,200
And then you can then catch your connecting flight back to your hometown.

1201
00:55:50,200 --> 00:55:54,960
Please note if we are unable to find the polar opening, we will be returning via the new

1202
00:55:54,960 --> 00:56:00,600
Siberian islands to visit skeleton remains of exotic animals thought to originate from

1203
00:56:00,600 --> 00:56:01,600
inner earth.

1204
00:56:01,600 --> 00:56:02,960
So they got that base covered.

1205
00:56:02,960 --> 00:56:05,160
So yeah, that's the journey of the hollow earth.

1206
00:56:05,160 --> 00:56:07,240
I have another couple things to touch on.

1207
00:56:07,240 --> 00:56:11,360
That was the real journey to the center of the earth that was supposed to happen, but

1208
00:56:11,360 --> 00:56:12,400
never happened.

1209
00:56:12,400 --> 00:56:15,840
There are many places claimed to be the entrance to the hollow earth.

1210
00:56:15,840 --> 00:56:19,580
Obviously, other than the very popular North South Potholes.

1211
00:56:19,580 --> 00:56:23,040
We have Paris, France, Staffordshire, England.

1212
00:56:23,040 --> 00:56:25,560
Of course, Paris is just logical.

1213
00:56:25,560 --> 00:56:28,640
Montreal, Canada, again, logical.

1214
00:56:28,640 --> 00:56:30,400
Hang Chow, China.

1215
00:56:30,400 --> 00:56:32,580
I feel like that's wrong.

1216
00:56:32,580 --> 00:56:34,200
Is there a Hang Chow, China?

1217
00:56:34,200 --> 00:56:35,320
I didn't even look at this.

1218
00:56:35,320 --> 00:56:36,320
I've never heard of it.

1219
00:56:36,320 --> 00:56:38,680
I spent all my time Googling Jeremiah.

1220
00:56:38,680 --> 00:56:40,240
Oh, Hang Chow?

1221
00:56:40,240 --> 00:56:44,960
Yeah, it is not spelled like that in wherever my source came from.

1222
00:56:44,960 --> 00:56:49,280
It is literally Hang Chow, which that's why I saved it.

1223
00:56:49,280 --> 00:56:50,280
There is a Hang Chow.

1224
00:56:50,280 --> 00:56:52,440
Hang Chow is a very big city.

1225
00:56:52,440 --> 00:56:56,680
The Himalayan Mountains and the Amazon rainforest, which a few of those came up.

1226
00:56:56,680 --> 00:57:01,640
Now last thing I'm going to touch on is taking the hollow earth to the next level, which

1227
00:57:01,640 --> 00:57:03,280
is concave earth.

1228
00:57:03,280 --> 00:57:04,480
Not sure if you ever heard of it.

1229
00:57:04,480 --> 00:57:05,480
I haven't.

1230
00:57:05,480 --> 00:57:08,200
This is actually really hard for me to wrap my mind around.

1231
00:57:08,200 --> 00:57:13,920
This hypothesis says that we're as surface dwellers actually hollow earth.

1232
00:57:13,920 --> 00:57:19,320
We're in the hollow earth so that our universe itself lies in the world's interior.

1233
00:57:19,320 --> 00:57:20,920
It's like I alluded to.

1234
00:57:20,920 --> 00:57:26,120
This has been called the concave hollow earth hypothesis or sky centrism.

1235
00:57:26,120 --> 00:57:31,600
This is put forth by Cirrus Teed, a doctor from upstate New York proposed that such a

1236
00:57:31,600 --> 00:57:39,360
concave hollow earth in 1869 call this came out weird, but I'm just going to continue

1237
00:57:39,360 --> 00:57:40,360
at this point.

1238
00:57:40,360 --> 00:57:47,400
He proposed such a concave hollow earth in 1869 calling his schemes cellular cosmogony

1239
00:57:47,400 --> 00:57:52,680
cosmogony Cirrus Teed, a doctor from upstate New York, which I'm pretty sure I just said

1240
00:57:52,680 --> 00:57:56,720
proposed here I am reading that again.

1241
00:57:56,720 --> 00:58:02,600
Teed founded a group called the core Shan unity based on his notion, which he called

1242
00:58:02,600 --> 00:58:03,600
core Shanity.

1243
00:58:03,600 --> 00:58:10,080
The main colony survives as a preserved Florida state historic site in Estero, Florida, but

1244
00:58:10,080 --> 00:58:14,360
all of Teed's followers have now died because this is a long time ago, not because it was

1245
00:58:14,360 --> 00:58:15,600
a cult and he killed them.

1246
00:58:15,600 --> 00:58:16,600
Well, that's good.

1247
00:58:16,600 --> 00:58:17,600
Thanks for saying that.

1248
00:58:17,600 --> 00:58:18,600
You're welcome.

1249
00:58:18,600 --> 00:58:19,600
This was a good call.

1250
00:58:19,600 --> 00:58:25,480
Teed's followers claims you have experimentally verified the concavity of the earth's curvature

1251
00:58:25,480 --> 00:58:31,560
through surveys of the Florida coastline making use of the rectilinear equipment.

1252
00:58:31,560 --> 00:58:33,240
Not sure if that's a real thing.

1253
00:58:33,240 --> 00:58:38,360
It has been reported, although apparently without historical documentation, that Adolf

1254
00:58:38,360 --> 00:58:43,680
Hitler, here we are again, was influenced by the concave hollow earth ideas and sent

1255
00:58:43,680 --> 00:58:48,880
an expedition in unsuccessful attempt to spy on the British fleet by pointing infrared

1256
00:58:48,880 --> 00:58:50,460
cameras up at the sky.

1257
00:58:50,460 --> 00:58:51,960
This is where it loses me.

1258
00:58:51,960 --> 00:58:59,080
The Egyptian mathematician Mostafa Ad-Bel-Kadar wrote several scholarly papers working out

1259
00:58:59,080 --> 00:59:02,200
a detailed mapping of the concave earth model.

1260
00:59:02,200 --> 00:59:08,080
In one chapter of his book on the wild side in 1992, Martin Gardner, we talked about him,

1261
00:59:08,080 --> 00:59:15,200
can't remember why, discusses the hollow earth model articulated by Abdel-Kadar, Egyptian.

1262
00:59:15,200 --> 00:59:20,720
According to Gardner, this hypothesis posits that rays of light travel in circular paths

1263
00:59:20,720 --> 00:59:25,280
and slows as they approach the center of the spherical star-filled cavern.

1264
00:59:25,280 --> 00:59:30,880
No energy can reach the center of the cavern, which corresponds to no point of finite distance

1265
00:59:30,880 --> 00:59:34,520
away from earth in the widely accepted scientific cosmology.

1266
00:59:34,520 --> 00:59:39,360
A drill, Gardner says, would lengthen as it traveled away from the cavern and eventually

1267
00:59:39,360 --> 00:59:44,760
pass through the point at infinity, corresponding to the center of the earth in the widely accepted

1268
00:59:44,760 --> 00:59:46,720
scientific cosmology.

1269
00:59:46,720 --> 00:59:51,440
Supposedly, no experiment can distinguish between the two cosmologies.

1270
00:59:51,440 --> 00:59:54,480
I have no fucking idea what this guy is talking about.

1271
00:59:54,480 --> 00:59:56,960
But I must give you all the information.

1272
00:59:56,960 --> 00:59:58,560
And that's concave earth.

1273
00:59:58,560 --> 00:59:59,560
I don't know.

1274
00:59:59,560 --> 01:00:03,000
Like, that seems not real to me.

1275
01:00:03,000 --> 01:00:04,780
Like it might not be able to exist.

1276
01:00:04,780 --> 01:00:07,420
But they're talking about a lot of science and math.

1277
01:00:07,420 --> 01:00:09,360
And while I understand all math.

1278
01:00:09,360 --> 01:00:13,320
Plus, nobody set up an itinerary to go visit the exterior of the earth.

1279
01:00:13,320 --> 01:00:14,320
It's true.

1280
01:00:14,320 --> 01:00:15,320
So I'm just not buying it.

1281
01:00:15,320 --> 01:00:21,080
Plus, we're all so convinced we live on the exterior that it's the greatest scheme ever

1282
01:00:21,080 --> 01:00:22,880
put forth by anyone.

1283
01:00:22,880 --> 01:00:26,880
There's also the people that say that the government doesn't want us to know about the

1284
01:00:26,880 --> 01:00:29,280
inner earth because various reasons.

1285
01:00:29,280 --> 01:00:30,960
I just got to keep secrets.

1286
01:00:30,960 --> 01:00:36,720
Now winding down the Hollow Earth episode, it seems as if there's much more chatter about

1287
01:00:36,720 --> 01:00:39,600
the Hollow Earth than we ever thought possible.

1288
01:00:39,600 --> 01:00:40,960
But can we prove it?

1289
01:00:40,960 --> 01:00:43,400
Apparently, there are some who have been there.

1290
01:00:43,400 --> 01:00:47,880
But most importantly, may we disprove the Hollow Earth?

1291
01:00:47,880 --> 01:00:51,760
Might be easier to do that than prove that there is one.

1292
01:00:51,760 --> 01:00:53,300
Quite easily, in fact.

1293
01:00:53,300 --> 01:00:56,120
With seismic waves, as well as gravity.

1294
01:00:56,120 --> 01:01:00,960
And just the simple fact that ordinary matter is not strong enough to support a hollow shape

1295
01:01:00,960 --> 01:01:04,240
of planetary size against the force of gravity.

1296
01:01:04,240 --> 01:01:06,960
And with that, it is the end of the episode.

1297
01:01:06,960 --> 01:01:12,120
A very long episode with two simple facts that can disprove the Hollow Earth.

1298
01:01:12,120 --> 01:01:16,200
Yeah, I mean, that is kind of something that will always destroy it.

1299
01:01:16,200 --> 01:01:21,660
And that is just it can't exist within our current understanding of gravity without collapsing

1300
01:01:21,660 --> 01:01:23,520
it on itself.

1301
01:01:23,520 --> 01:01:27,120
And they just keep adding spheres within the sphere.

1302
01:01:27,120 --> 01:01:28,800
Like, support it.

1303
01:01:28,800 --> 01:01:29,800
But that's not helping.

1304
01:01:29,800 --> 01:01:31,240
They took away the spheres.

1305
01:01:31,240 --> 01:01:32,240
It started with spheres.

1306
01:01:32,240 --> 01:01:33,240
I know.

1307
01:01:33,240 --> 01:01:34,240
The spheres made sense.

1308
01:01:34,240 --> 01:01:36,440
It supported the Hollow Earth.

1309
01:01:36,440 --> 01:01:38,760
The spheres did support the whole thing.

1310
01:01:38,760 --> 01:01:39,760
And it's evolved.

1311
01:01:39,760 --> 01:01:44,200
It was quite an expedition to the journey of the center of the Earth that we went on

1312
01:01:44,200 --> 01:01:45,200
today.

1313
01:01:45,200 --> 01:01:46,400
We saw it evolve.

1314
01:01:46,400 --> 01:01:48,120
We grew attached to it.

1315
01:01:48,120 --> 01:01:49,920
And then it all shattered at the end.

1316
01:01:49,920 --> 01:01:50,920
We saw a whale.

1317
01:01:50,920 --> 01:01:51,920
Yeah.

1318
01:01:51,920 --> 01:01:52,920
It's like in Moka Dick.

1319
01:01:52,920 --> 01:01:53,920
Moka Dick.

1320
01:01:53,920 --> 01:01:54,920
I'll never forget him.

1321
01:01:54,920 --> 01:01:55,920
Yeah.

1322
01:01:55,920 --> 01:01:56,920
Any thoughts?

1323
01:01:56,920 --> 01:01:57,920
I kind of want to read the book now.

1324
01:01:57,920 --> 01:02:01,800
I don't know if that intrigues me at all.

1325
01:02:01,800 --> 01:02:03,440
It's got to be shorter than Moby.

1326
01:02:03,440 --> 01:02:06,960
It can't be better than the name of the book.

1327
01:02:06,960 --> 01:02:07,960
No.

1328
01:02:07,960 --> 01:02:09,960
I'm happy just knowing it exists.

1329
01:02:09,960 --> 01:02:13,960
Do you have any closing thoughts on Hollow Earth?

1330
01:02:13,960 --> 01:02:14,960
Not on that?

1331
01:02:14,960 --> 01:02:15,960
No.

1332
01:02:15,960 --> 01:02:18,880
I have many thoughts, but they're all on many different things.

1333
01:02:18,880 --> 01:02:19,880
That's okay.

1334
01:02:19,880 --> 01:02:22,960
I think it's a good place to end.

1335
01:02:22,960 --> 01:02:23,960
Okay.

1336
01:02:23,960 --> 01:02:27,400
Well, yeah, Chelsea, thank you for that very enlightening time.

1337
01:02:27,400 --> 01:02:32,720
Our listeners are going to be the best party guests like anyone has ever seen.

1338
01:02:32,720 --> 01:02:36,920
Both in what they can talk about and how they attempt to talk about it.

1339
01:02:36,920 --> 01:02:39,120
Because they just know all the spots to grab.

1340
01:02:39,120 --> 01:02:42,320
Let us know how it goes if anybody tries our tips.

1341
01:02:42,320 --> 01:02:43,320
Yeah.

1342
01:02:43,320 --> 01:02:45,320
And in the meantime, I have been Taylor here with Chelsea.

1343
01:02:45,320 --> 01:02:46,860
We are Journey to the Fringe.

1344
01:02:46,860 --> 01:02:49,720
Thank you all for listening and we'll see you next week.

1345
01:02:49,720 --> 01:02:51,000
Bye.

1346
01:02:51,000 --> 01:02:55,380
Thank you for listening to Journey to the Fringe.

1347
01:02:55,380 --> 01:03:01,680
If you have liked what you have listened to, please like, share, subscribe or follow, depending

1348
01:03:01,680 --> 01:03:04,720
on what venue you are listening to us through.

1349
01:03:04,720 --> 01:03:10,840
Also please, if possible, leave a five star review as that really helps us in the algorithms.

1350
01:03:10,840 --> 01:03:15,720
Should you wish to interact with us, please check us out on your social media of choice.

1351
01:03:15,720 --> 01:03:17,440
I bet you we are there.

1352
01:03:17,440 --> 01:03:21,920
And if you really want to communicate with us and give us ideas for new episodes or tell

1353
01:03:21,920 --> 01:03:28,820
us that we're wrong and terrible, either way, please send us an email at journeytothefringe.gmail.com.

1354
01:03:28,820 --> 01:03:34,920
For now, I'll see you in the next episode.