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In celebration of the Halloween episode, we should probably stay with something light and airy as far as openers go.

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So get ready for it.

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Mountain goats in Washington had to be airlifted to a new home after developing a taste for human urine and sweat.

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I wasn't gonna do this, but there's points in this particular news article, which I really like.

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That's a nice feature of an internet article to have.

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It has all the important points of the article laid out for you first in bullet points.

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And I think they're just a great feature, so I am gonna read them out to you.

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First bullet point.

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Mountain goats at Olympic National Park developed a taste for human urine and sweat.

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Second bullet point.

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Rangers captured, blindfolded, and airlifted 114 goats to a new home.

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Third bullet point.

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Mountain goats are not native to the area and pose a threat to natural vegetation.

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This leaves me wanting more because that just seems like an ambiguous thing to have in there.

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And fourth and last, a Forest Service spokesman told AP they all seem to be doing very well, which is very nice.

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I'm happy that they put that in there.

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So mountain goats at Olympic National Park in Washington state have developed such a taste for human urine and sweat that they had to be blindfolded and airlifted to a new home.

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Mountain goats are not native to the area and pose a threat to the natural vegetation.

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This leads me to wonder who put them there.

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Is this a national park?

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They're in a national park.

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Wouldn't you think they don't just put animals that are not native to a location in a national park, do they?

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No, but they can migrate, especially with changing climate.

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Things are moving into areas that weren't usually there.

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Okay, and they do like mountains.

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So maybe they're like, look at that mountain over there.

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It looks like it's full of pee and sweat.

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So they are considered now a nuisance along heavily used trails.

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Well, not now because they've now been airlifted out.

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It seems extreme to be airlifted out, but okay.

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Since they seek out salt and minerals from human urine and sweat on clothing, according to officials, their taste for urine and sweat has started to cause issues.

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And they've learned not to be afraid of people.

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And they've made the connection of, hmm, I can get salt from people.

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That's a goat thinking right there.

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That's what I just reenacted.

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Oh, here. This answers my question.

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The goats were introduced to the area over a century ago before it was a national park.

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Over time, they had become aggressive.

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Wow. In 2010, a hiker bled to death after being attacked by a goat.

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Oh, my God.

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This is taking me on a wild ride.

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Total of 114 goats were captured and relocated during a two week operation, according to CBS News Denver.

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It's estimated anywhere between 275 and 325 goats that can't be wrangled by Rangers will be shot and killed.

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Oh, my God.

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So far, they all seem to be doing well, not the ones that have been shot and killed.

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Fulton Whitworth.

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The ones that have survived are surviving quite well.

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That just ended on a horrible note.

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That was the end of the article.

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Oh, no.

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Huh.

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Well, this truly sets my perspective of the goat man and what he was truly trying to get out of his victims in a whole new light.

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And how did they develop the taste for the urine?

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That's also a question I wanted.

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My guess is the hikers just, you know, pissing on the side of the hiking trails.

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And how would they know?

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Oh, OK, they go seeking that out.

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They weren't like looking for people peeing in the bushes.

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And they put two and two together.

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And then therefore they wanted blood.

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Yes.

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Or, you know, they're just trying to, like, hit ram the humans in their bladders to make them release it.

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Yes, so that they piss themselves.

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Yes.

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OK, well, that article took a turn for the worse.

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I'm sorry for that, everyone.

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But I'm sure this episode will redeem itself.

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Let's see. Let's get into it.

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Let's try.

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From the unexplained to the mundane.

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Join us on our journey to the fringe.

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Hello and welcome to Journey to the Fringe.

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Now a chain letter podcast.

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So if you don't share this with seven of your friends, a plague shall be cast upon your house.

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If you do share, I don't know what will happen.

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But like, I don't know.

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Maybe you'll get like 20 bucks or something.

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Can't guarantee that and your house still may get a plague.

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I don't know. It's trying times.

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We are your chain hosts, Taylor and Chelsea, here today fulfilling our seasonal obligations of doing a Halloween creature feature.

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This year, we have gone with some fairly generic Halloween staples for our creatures to talk about.

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I think in this one, we're going to do a bit more history of these creatures and maybe possible historical sightings.

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That's at least what I have.

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I don't know about you, Chelsea.

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Maybe I think I have a historical sighting or two.

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OK.

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Today, we focus on the vampiric, the headless horseman varietal and, of course, the wolfman type creatures.

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I think that is, in fact, the order that we're going to go through this episode just so that we can alternate.

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And I think this is going to be a long one.

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So I'm just going to get right into it.

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We're going to start right with vampires.

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Of course, I think we all know at least the vampire that we think of today feeds on the blood of living creatures to stop its own body from decomposing.

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The image generally thought of is a refined, pale skinned vampire.

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Of course, that's not what it's always been.

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In fact, this dates pretty far back, all the way back to 1992 when Keanu Reeves appeared in the film Bram Stoker's Dracula.

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Doesn't happen before that.

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Strangely enough.

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1992 is such a long time ago anyway.

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I know.

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Yeah, who can even remember that?

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Yeah, exactly.

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Strangely enough, based on a book by Bram Stoker, but nobody knows who that is.

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That name has been lost to time.

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Same with the book.

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But in a more serious note, let's keep going with it.

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The idea of a vampire dates back further than really our dating system work.

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So you can't really put a date on how old these myths are.

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I thought it was 92.

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It might in fact not be.

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In fact, it might go back further.

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Okay.

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Okay.

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The original, some sort of like semblance of what we understand a vampire to be.

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It draws its roots from the Balkan area of Eastern Europe where legends began, what was described as a bloated dark or ready complexion, corpse feeding on blood.

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Many attribute belief in vampires to a combination of Slavic spiritualism and early ignorance of the body's decomposition cycle after death.

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Now in pre-industrial Slavic societies, it was believed that a person's spirit lingered for 40 days after death.

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Suicide victims, suspected witches, evil beings, and even unbaptized children were thought to have unclean spirits.

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And a vampire, according to this belief, was the manifestation of an unclean spirit possessing a decomposing body.

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So it's that 40 day window where a spirit can take over those bodies.

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Interesting.

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When the body of a suspected vampire was disinterred, it would sometimes look like it hadn't decomposed at all.

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Hair, teeth, and fingernails would appear to be growing.

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And as if it had been gorging on blood due to its ready complexion, bloated body and blood seeping from the nose and mouth.

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A lot of that has to do with decomposition rates.

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We know a lot more about how the body decomposes these days.

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So we know a lot of these things that they look at for suspected vampirism is absolutely not true in the slightest and is just parts of natural features of a body decomposing.

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Blood coming out of the nose is natural when you're dead?

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Yeah, I believe it comes up later.

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If it doesn't, I will speak on it now.

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It's basically the rotting of the organs inside.

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Oh, God.

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Yeah, coming out through the orifices in the face.

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So note to self, if I ever see that in a dead body, don't freak out.

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It's totally natural.

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Yeah.

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Body decomposition rate depends on factors like the temperature and the soil composition.

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And that dead flesh loses fluids, causing it to pull back and expose the roots of hair, teeth and nails.

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So that's why it looks like things are still growing and it's still very much alive.

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And gases from decomposition accumulate in the torso, making the body look bloated and also forces blood to ooze from the mouth and nose, from the decomposition of organs.

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I guess this is also before I was just about to call it exterminating.

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What is it when they take the like formaldehyde and stuff?

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Oh, not exhuming.

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Yeah, I was thinking basically body pres...

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OK, yeah.

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But yeah, preserving the body.

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Yeah, so way before that, obviously.

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Oh, yeah. Yeah.

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These are just you're putting bodies in the ground.

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OK.

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Now, common beliefs about vampires range wildly depending on where you're really looking at it.

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But very rarely, actually, was it something they are active at night, but they're not necessarily vulnerable to sunlight.

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That's something that happens in a more modern look at what a vampire is.

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However, key to fighting vampires are garlic, crucifixes and holy water.

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Those have always been common devices for warding off vampires.

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It's also commonly believed that driving a wooden stake into the body would release the evil spirit,

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with decapitation also being a way to hasten the evil spirits departure.

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Probably also lessens the bloat so they would immediately see a difference.

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Yes, that and it releases a sound.

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So it sounds like they've actually defeated.

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Oh, yeah, this is disturbing.

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But yeah, that would make sense.

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OK. And they'd be like, see, he was a vampire.

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Oh, and also just one thing.

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I forgot to put it in here, but since we're talking about things that ward off vampires,

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that common idea that vampires don't have a reflection.

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So it's always been commonly thought that silver could ward off vampires because silver is a pure metal that has some antiseptic qualities.

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Yes. And old mirrors were actually made of silver.

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Ah, yes. And that's why?

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That's why they actually didn't have reflections, whereas modern day mirrors actually do not use silver.

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So not something that actually should happen anymore.

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And founded.

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Vampire should, in fact, reflect.

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I'm learning so much.

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I thought it was because they didn't have souls, so you couldn't see them.

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OK, that's what's reflecting back at you. Sure.

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I could have just made that up.

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I'm not sure I actually read that anywhere.

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Yeah, it's your soul that you're seeing in the mirror.

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Yeah. And also, that does mean that there are no vampires in space because we do look up at them with technically mirrored telescopes.

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But those mirrored telescopes are not using silver. So we would see the vampires if they were up there.

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OK, good point.

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Just so that you are feeling OK about that.

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Space is not filled with vampires.

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Yes. There are many cases that are very actually well documented across Europe of suspected vampires.

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And we're going to read through a couple of them just to get you in this creepy mindset.

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We're going to start with one Yuri Granda.

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He is recorded to have lived in a small Istrian village called Kringa during the 17th century.

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Istria is in Croatia, so modern day Croatia.

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It seems that little is known about Granda's life and he may have been just an ordinary villager prior to his death.

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Some sources claim that he was a nasty character.

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In 1656, Granda died and it is said that he had been buried in the local cemetery by the village priest, Father Giorgio.

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Shortly after Granda's burial, however, it was reported by the local population that the deceased

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had been wandering around the village and even knocking on the doors of certain houses.

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The people living in the countryside of the Istrian peninsula believed in a type of vampire known as Strigoi.

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Strigoi is an Eastern European version of a vampire.

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They have a few more powers. They can turn into different animals as well as they have a propensity to sleep with women.

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So they're all over the map. They're a little crazier.

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It was this firm belief in the nefarious activities of the Strigoi that caused fear amongst the villagers,

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causing them to seek out the creature in order to kill it.

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In the case of Yuri Grando, the vampire is said to have terrorized his village for 16 years before action was taken against him.

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In 1672, the mayor of the village, Miho Raddadek, gathered a group of brave young men to hunt Grando down and put an end to his reign of terror.

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The men, and I'd love to think of this as like a three stooges type of like endeavor with nine men.

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Like the way it goes about, just listen.

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The men, nine in total, went to the local cemetery and opened Grando's grave.

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The men are said to have seen that the dead man's body was still intact, which was taken as a sign of vampirism.

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In one version of the story, the men fled in fear, but they rallied together and led by the mayor went back to Grando's grave.

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Next, the men, or the priest, who was one of the nine, tried to get rid of the vampire by invoking the name of Jesus Christ.

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This seemed to be of no avail.

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The group then tried to stab the vampire in the stomach with a wooden stake.

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This too did not work as the stake could not pierce through its target.

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Finally, one of the men said to be named Stephen Milasic in one source, beheaded Grando with an axe.

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The vampire is said to have given out a loud cry and blood gushed forth from the neck.

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The men then covered the grave again and that was the end of Yuri Grando.

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Funny enough, in a way, he didn't really die off at that time.

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In 2006, it was reported that efforts were being made by the people of Kringa to resurrect the legend of Yuri Grando for some modern day villagers.

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The vampire is viewed not as a source of fear, and more as a source of income as they hope to use his story as a means of attracting tourists to the village.

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Kind of like playing out the trial to kill a mockingbird, but in a more barbaric way.

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That's hilarious, where they're just combing the records being like, what's good to bring back to bring tourists in?

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Surprisingly enough, these views, at least to some groups, still live on in the Balkans, and especially with Strigoi.

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In February of 2004, a woman in the village of Maratino de Su in Dolce County revealed that she had been visited by her late uncle, a 76-year-old Romanian man named Peter Toma, who had died in December the previous year, fearing the deceased might have been a Strigoi.

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The woman's brother-in-law, Giorgia Marinescu, organized a vampire hunting group made up of several family members.

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After drinking some alcohol, they dug up the coffin of Peter Toma, then made an incision in the chest and tore the heart out.

223
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After removal of the heart, the body was burned and the ashes were mixed in water and drunk by Toma's niece, believing that it would put an end to the haunting.

224
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Dolce County police later arrested six of the family members who participated in the ritual, charging them with disturbing the peace of the dead.

225
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I didn't even know that was a crime. That may be my new favorite crime, in fact.

226
00:14:32,520 --> 00:14:34,120
Disturbing the peace of the dead?

227
00:14:34,120 --> 00:14:34,520
Yeah.

228
00:14:34,520 --> 00:14:36,760
They're dead, let them rest. Let them be in peace.

229
00:14:36,760 --> 00:14:41,080
They were sentenced to six months' imprisonment in order to pay damages to the family of the deceased.

230
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Since then, in the nearby village of Amaristi, Dissu, people drive a fire-hardened stake through the heart of the belly of the dead as a preventative measure.

231
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This one I find fairly interesting, as it's like somebody who's sent there for kind of a scientific point of view doing this view, but it's also 1731.

232
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So like the best scientific view you can get in the 1700s.

233
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In late 1731, Austro-Hungarian regimental field surgeon Johannes Lueckinger journeyed to the Serbian village of Medvegje.

234
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It's about 120 miles from Kisiljevo on the Ottoman border.

235
00:15:13,480 --> 00:15:16,040
He was sent to investigate a series of mysterious deaths.

236
00:15:16,040 --> 00:15:22,360
The village suspected a vampire zero, so the original vampire, was an Albanian man named Arnud Paola.

237
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When he was alive, Paola claimed he had been bitten by a vampire, but he protected himself by eating dirt from its tomb and cleansing himself with its blood.

238
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Unfortunately, this plan still left him mortal and he fell off a haywagon and broke his neck, dying.

239
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40 days after his demise, four villagers declared that the deceased Paoli had returned to torment them, and those four promptly expired.

240
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The local elders exhumed Paola's corpse and found it complete and incorrupt, while completely fresh blood flowed from its eyes, ears, and nose.

241
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Satisfied by this evidence, the locals drove a stake through the torso, whereupon he let out a noticeable groan and bled copiously.

242
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All was peaceful for around five years.

243
00:16:00,920 --> 00:16:05,880
Unfortunately, Paola the vampire had also sucked on calves during his rampage.

244
00:16:05,880 --> 00:16:15,080
As the contaminated cattle matured and were slaughtered, those who consumed the meat also became infected, resulting in as many as 17 new vampires.

245
00:16:15,080 --> 00:16:22,840
An expert in contagious diseases, Flukinger, systematically ordered exhumation and conducted autopsies on all the suspects.

246
00:16:22,840 --> 00:16:31,480
In the interest of preventing an epidemic and further panic in the village, he sought out a scientific explanation for all the sudden deaths and the apparent anomalies in the decomposition.

247
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Okay, what'd he find?

248
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He couldn't find any evidence of known diseases.

249
00:16:34,440 --> 00:16:38,600
Folk hypotheses trumped science as the most plausible diagnosis.

250
00:16:38,600 --> 00:16:43,480
Flukinger classified each of the corpses before him as either decomposing or uncorrupted.

251
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Given his imperial loyalties, it's not surprising he tended to label Turks or other peasants as vampires and had them dealt with in the traditional manner.

252
00:16:51,000 --> 00:16:59,720
Those from wealthier Hungarian families, however, like the wife and new more baby of the haddock, who also died at that time, were frequently reinterred in consecrated ground.

253
00:16:59,720 --> 00:17:12,440
In 1732, Flukinger's report, then titled Seen and Reported, ignited another furor and debate raged in scholarly, religious, and court circles regarding the nature of the so-called vampire epidemic.

254
00:17:12,440 --> 00:17:22,520
The issue wasn't laid to rest until 1746 when Vatican scholar Dom Augustine Kalmet concluded in his dissertation Sir Le Apparitions that,

255
00:17:22,520 --> 00:17:25,560
scripture aside, nobody was rising from the grave.

256
00:17:25,560 --> 00:17:34,520
He cross-fiked vampires as a creature of imagination rather than immediate threat, but this did lead to changes in cemetery reform throughout much of Europe.

257
00:17:34,520 --> 00:17:36,920
So more how you actually had to store bodies.

258
00:17:36,920 --> 00:17:38,520
And what was the change they made?

259
00:17:38,520 --> 00:17:41,960
It was more just like standardizing how deep I didn't actually read.

260
00:17:41,960 --> 00:17:46,760
There was an entire act on like cemetery reform, which I just kind of found too boring for Halloween episode.

261
00:17:46,760 --> 00:17:47,400
Oh, OK.

262
00:17:47,400 --> 00:17:49,080
It mostly centered around France.

263
00:17:49,080 --> 00:17:53,400
If you want to read more, go read more about cemetery reform in the 1700s in France.

264
00:17:54,840 --> 00:17:59,000
I could not find myself the power to actually Google that term.

265
00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:00,120
It was just too boring.

266
00:18:00,120 --> 00:18:01,400
The material reform?

267
00:18:01,400 --> 00:18:02,920
France 1700s.

268
00:18:03,960 --> 00:18:07,400
And this one happens on the US side of the Atlantic.

269
00:18:07,400 --> 00:18:12,600
During the 18th and 19th century, New England was in the grips of a terrible tuberculosis epidemic.

270
00:18:12,600 --> 00:18:16,760
During the 19th century, this disease was the leading cause of death in the eastern United States,

271
00:18:16,760 --> 00:18:19,240
accounting for nearly 25% of all deaths.

272
00:18:19,240 --> 00:18:22,360
And sorry, I should say this comes from a paper written by Michael E. Bell.

273
00:18:22,360 --> 00:18:24,280
It's the synopsis of beginning.

274
00:18:24,280 --> 00:18:29,320
The articles entitled Vampires and Death in New England 1784 to 1892.

275
00:18:29,320 --> 00:18:33,160
Despite an abundance of cures offered by eclectic mix of practitioners,

276
00:18:33,160 --> 00:18:38,760
a diagnosis of consumption as pulmonary tuberculosis was then called was the equivalent of a death sentence.

277
00:18:38,760 --> 00:18:43,000
Not willing to simply watch as one after another, their family members died,

278
00:18:43,000 --> 00:18:47,880
some New Englanders resorted to an old folk remedy whose roots surely must rest in Europe,

279
00:18:47,880 --> 00:18:49,800
called vampirism by outsiders.

280
00:18:49,800 --> 00:18:55,160
This remedy required exhuming the bodies of deceased relatives and checking them from natural signs,

281
00:18:55,160 --> 00:18:57,080
such as fresh blood in the heart.

282
00:18:57,080 --> 00:19:00,600
This implicit belief was that one of the relatives was not completely dead

283
00:19:00,600 --> 00:19:05,560
and was maintaining some semblance of life by draining the vital force from living relatives.

284
00:19:05,560 --> 00:19:09,960
All of the more than 20 cases documented in New England occurred in areas outside of the

285
00:19:09,960 --> 00:19:13,640
Puritan heartlands, Massachusetts and contiguous Connecticut.

286
00:19:13,640 --> 00:19:18,680
Fringe areas that were separatists, tolerant or unspecified in terms of religious affiliation.

287
00:19:18,680 --> 00:19:23,880
Perhaps surprisingly, from 85 to 90% of white New Englanders of this area were unchurched,

288
00:19:23,880 --> 00:19:27,880
many practicing various hybrid religions that have been classified as folk in the sense that

289
00:19:27,880 --> 00:19:32,440
they were unofficial combinations of Christian beliefs and various folk practices of the kind,

290
00:19:32,440 --> 00:19:35,080
often disparagingly referred to as superstitions.

291
00:19:35,080 --> 00:19:38,920
Yeah, I just thought that was interesting to include the fact that tuberculosis,

292
00:19:38,920 --> 00:19:43,240
one of the cures was to check back to see if any of your previously deceased relatives

293
00:19:43,240 --> 00:19:47,960
had been sapping your lifeblood as a vampire from beyond the grave by checking their heart for blood

294
00:19:47,960 --> 00:19:51,320
and having over 20 documented cases in the US.

295
00:19:51,320 --> 00:19:52,440
I have a question.

296
00:19:52,440 --> 00:19:59,320
In all of these stories, they're digging up people to check for like fresh blood in the heart or like

297
00:19:59,320 --> 00:20:03,800
bloat or like blood and they see it and they're like, oh my God, a vampire.

298
00:20:03,800 --> 00:20:09,480
Are they digging up other bodies in which this stuff was not present or were they only?

299
00:20:09,480 --> 00:20:12,840
No, they would definitely be digging up other bodies for this purpose as well.

300
00:20:12,840 --> 00:20:17,800
You just wouldn't hear those stories because it's not that exciting to say we checked this body

301
00:20:17,800 --> 00:20:19,320
and it was just a skeleton.

302
00:20:19,320 --> 00:20:20,840
So it's not him.

303
00:20:20,840 --> 00:20:23,720
In different stages of decomposition, obviously.

304
00:20:23,720 --> 00:20:24,840
Yeah, exactly.

305
00:20:24,840 --> 00:20:29,400
Yeah, like there wasn't a lot of standardization in tooming somebody back in the day.

306
00:20:29,400 --> 00:20:34,840
So it actually would be easy for some bodies to just check because like after a big rainstorm

307
00:20:34,840 --> 00:20:38,600
sometimes like the coffins will float up and just come to the surface.

308
00:20:38,600 --> 00:20:41,720
So it would look like that person would also be a vampire trying to escape.

309
00:20:41,720 --> 00:20:46,920
It would look like that when that back in the day when I felt this meant you were a vampire.

310
00:20:46,920 --> 00:20:51,720
So those are these old stories of vampires or at least some of the things that inspire

311
00:20:51,720 --> 00:20:53,000
the idea of a vampire.

312
00:20:53,000 --> 00:20:58,280
The vampire that we know and see in modern society like Blade, specifically Blade,

313
00:20:58,280 --> 00:21:03,080
would be inspired by the charismatic and sophisticated vampires of a story written in

314
00:21:03,080 --> 00:21:06,600
1819 called The Vampire by John Pulidori.

315
00:21:06,600 --> 00:21:10,600
Of course, this being our show, vampire is not spelt the way you would expect it.

316
00:21:10,600 --> 00:21:13,320
There's a why in there, probably where you'd expect it.

317
00:21:13,320 --> 00:21:17,560
The story was highly successful and arguably the most influential vampire work of the early

318
00:21:17,560 --> 00:21:18,360
19th century.

319
00:21:18,360 --> 00:21:24,600
Of course, then it is outdone by Bram Stroker's Dracula in 1897, which became the quintessential

320
00:21:24,600 --> 00:21:29,880
vampire novel and really where we get all of our ideas of what a modern day vampire is.

321
00:21:29,880 --> 00:21:33,800
Unfortunately, you don't really get sightings of modern day vampires because they're just

322
00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:36,600
a work of fiction that was made up by Bram Stroker.

323
00:21:36,600 --> 00:21:39,800
Plus, we have a lot more science of dead bodies.

324
00:21:39,800 --> 00:21:40,040
Yeah.

325
00:21:40,040 --> 00:21:44,360
And we also do that thing that neither of us can remember what it's called.

326
00:21:44,360 --> 00:21:47,880
You die and they take your organs out and stuff like that.

327
00:21:47,880 --> 00:21:48,680
Mummify.

328
00:21:48,680 --> 00:21:48,920
Yeah.

329
00:21:48,920 --> 00:21:51,800
And then they put you in a pyramid to be sent off to the-

330
00:21:51,800 --> 00:21:52,280
With your treasures.

331
00:21:52,280 --> 00:21:52,680
I don't know.

332
00:21:53,320 --> 00:21:53,560
Yeah.

333
00:21:53,560 --> 00:21:57,240
To the reeds or wherever it is with the hippo god that weighs your heart.

334
00:21:57,240 --> 00:21:57,720
Exactly.

335
00:21:57,720 --> 00:22:01,560
And then sometimes you set a curse because you've done very bad things and then you come

336
00:22:01,560 --> 00:22:05,000
back thousands and thousands of years later to destroy humanity.

337
00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:06,120
That is my plan.

338
00:22:06,120 --> 00:22:06,840
Exactly.

339
00:22:06,840 --> 00:22:09,480
That way you don't have to wait at will because you're coming back for it.

340
00:22:09,480 --> 00:22:10,920
Yeah, exactly.

341
00:22:10,920 --> 00:22:16,040
But that is just an overview of what a vampire is, Chelsea, if you want to move on to the

342
00:22:16,040 --> 00:22:17,720
next of our subjects.

343
00:22:17,720 --> 00:22:18,600
That was pretty good.

344
00:22:18,600 --> 00:22:22,920
I learned a lot of new- basically all new things, except for how you spell vampire.

345
00:22:22,920 --> 00:22:24,200
Did already know that one.

346
00:22:24,200 --> 00:22:25,640
Okay, Headless Horseman.

347
00:22:25,640 --> 00:22:26,440
That's the next one.

348
00:22:26,440 --> 00:22:26,840
Oh, sorry.

349
00:22:26,840 --> 00:22:27,320
You know what?

350
00:22:27,320 --> 00:22:28,520
I do want to add one thing.

351
00:22:28,520 --> 00:22:29,160
Okay, add it.

352
00:22:29,160 --> 00:22:34,440
During this, I always heard that Dracula, the main character of Bram Stroker's novel,

353
00:22:34,440 --> 00:22:37,320
was inspired by Vlad the Impaler, who's a-

354
00:22:37,320 --> 00:22:37,720
Yeah.

355
00:22:37,720 --> 00:22:43,000
A 15th century, I believe, famous Romanian leader known for impaling his victims on spikes

356
00:22:43,000 --> 00:22:46,920
and then putting them up into a forest for people to see and then not want to fight him.

357
00:22:46,920 --> 00:22:50,280
So I was like, why is he actually usually thought of as like Dracula?

358
00:22:50,280 --> 00:22:52,360
Oh, it's because his last name was Dracula.

359
00:22:52,360 --> 00:22:53,000
Oh.

360
00:22:53,000 --> 00:22:54,600
He's directly inspired.

361
00:22:54,600 --> 00:22:56,040
Vlad Dracula.

362
00:22:56,040 --> 00:22:57,800
Yeah, Vlad Dracula III.

363
00:22:57,800 --> 00:23:00,360
That is a strong last name.

364
00:23:00,360 --> 00:23:01,480
Does that exist still?

365
00:23:01,480 --> 00:23:01,960
I wonder.

366
00:23:01,960 --> 00:23:02,520
I don't think so.

367
00:23:02,520 --> 00:23:03,480
It does mean dragon.

368
00:23:03,480 --> 00:23:04,120
I like that.

369
00:23:04,120 --> 00:23:05,960
Also a great last name, very strong.

370
00:23:05,960 --> 00:23:07,800
Dragon, I prefer Dracula.

371
00:23:07,800 --> 00:23:09,160
Huh, something to think about.

372
00:23:09,160 --> 00:23:11,000
Okay, can I shout this?

373
00:23:11,000 --> 00:23:11,480
Sure.

374
00:23:11,480 --> 00:23:12,600
Headless Horseman.

375
00:23:12,600 --> 00:23:16,040
Okay, this one is made famous by Ichabod.

376
00:23:17,240 --> 00:23:20,440
Did you know that the legend actually goes back way further than Ichabod?

377
00:23:20,440 --> 00:23:21,160
And you know what?

378
00:23:21,160 --> 00:23:25,400
I said Ichabod thinking that it was just the Disney movie that had Ichabod,

379
00:23:25,400 --> 00:23:29,320
but Ichabod is actually the guy in the poem, The Headless Horseman,

380
00:23:29,320 --> 00:23:31,560
which I will talk about in one second.

381
00:23:31,560 --> 00:23:35,640
Oh, I wrote that intro before I wrote that portion of the story.

382
00:23:35,640 --> 00:23:38,360
Let's start with what this cult classic is based on,

383
00:23:38,360 --> 00:23:40,600
which is the American version of the legend,

384
00:23:40,600 --> 00:23:43,800
which is The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving.

385
00:23:43,800 --> 00:23:47,000
It's a short story that I just mentioned with Ichabod in it.

386
00:23:47,000 --> 00:23:48,840
I really thought it was the Disney movie.

387
00:23:48,840 --> 00:23:51,560
The story begins in Sleepy Hollow, New York,

388
00:23:51,560 --> 00:23:53,960
during the American Revolutionary War.

389
00:23:53,960 --> 00:23:58,760
Traditional folklore states that the horseman was a Hycian trooper,

390
00:23:58,760 --> 00:24:03,480
which is a German soldier who served as auxiliaries to the British army

391
00:24:03,480 --> 00:24:10,040
during the American Revolutionary War, and the horseman was killed October 1776.

392
00:24:10,040 --> 00:24:13,400
It's way over my head as far as war stuff goes.

393
00:24:13,400 --> 00:24:17,480
So he was decapitated by an American cannonball,

394
00:24:17,480 --> 00:24:20,600
and shattered remains of his head were left on the battlefield

395
00:24:20,600 --> 00:24:23,720
while his comrades hastily carried his body away.

396
00:24:23,720 --> 00:24:28,040
Eventually they buried him in the cemetery of the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow,

397
00:24:28,040 --> 00:24:33,080
from which he rises as a headless horseman ghost, furiously seeking his lost head,

398
00:24:33,080 --> 00:24:37,800
and wielding a jack-o-lantern as temporary replacement for his head or a weapon.

399
00:24:37,800 --> 00:24:41,560
Some versions have him prefer to be on his rampage during Halloween,

400
00:24:41,560 --> 00:24:42,920
around the time he was killed.

401
00:24:42,920 --> 00:24:46,120
I am also assuming the reasoning for his jack-o-lantern.

402
00:24:46,120 --> 00:24:48,520
That is the shortest summary I could do of it.

403
00:24:48,520 --> 00:24:52,520
Obviously I wasn't going to get full into the short story of Sleepy Hollow.

404
00:24:52,520 --> 00:24:55,400
You could go read it, you could go watch the Disney version,

405
00:24:55,400 --> 00:25:00,600
which I just watched and obviously based everything that I know about the headless horseman on.

406
00:25:00,600 --> 00:25:04,840
This short story by Irving was a part of a collection of short stories entitled

407
00:25:04,840 --> 00:25:07,400
The Sketchbook of Jeffrey Crayon.

408
00:25:07,400 --> 00:25:09,400
There's also, just so people aren't confused,

409
00:25:09,400 --> 00:25:12,200
I don't think the Johnny Depp version is Disney,

410
00:25:12,200 --> 00:25:13,960
but there is the Johnny Depp version too.

411
00:25:13,960 --> 00:25:15,640
I believe it's just called Sleepy Hollow.

412
00:25:15,640 --> 00:25:17,080
Yes. I don't know if it is.

413
00:25:17,080 --> 00:25:18,520
No, I think Tim Burton did it.

414
00:25:18,520 --> 00:25:19,960
I don't know if it's Disney or not.

415
00:25:19,960 --> 00:25:23,320
Yeah, guys, last name, it's Crayon in the title.

416
00:25:23,320 --> 00:25:28,200
Anyhow, he wrote the short story collection during a tour in Europe,

417
00:25:28,200 --> 00:25:32,120
so parts of this tale can be traced back to European origins.

418
00:25:32,120 --> 00:25:36,680
There are many, many works cited as being inspiration to these works by Irving,

419
00:25:36,680 --> 00:25:39,000
contributing to the legend of Sleepy Hollow,

420
00:25:39,000 --> 00:25:43,480
including The Wild Hunt, which we talked about in one of our Christmas episodes

421
00:25:43,480 --> 00:25:47,480
and also inspired Santa, so the correlation there is weird.

422
00:25:47,480 --> 00:25:51,480
Rather than talk about random inspirations that seemingly have no tie,

423
00:25:51,480 --> 00:25:54,040
but do have a tie to the headless horseman,

424
00:25:54,040 --> 00:25:58,440
I chose to focus on those that seemingly have a large tie to the headless horseman

425
00:25:58,440 --> 00:26:02,280
and that I just enjoyed a lot more because I'm talking about it here

426
00:26:02,280 --> 00:26:03,480
and I make the decisions.

427
00:26:03,480 --> 00:26:05,720
Where does the legend originate from?

428
00:26:05,720 --> 00:26:06,360
Kind of.

429
00:26:06,360 --> 00:26:09,800
Other than, you know, the Americanized version that we know and love today.

430
00:26:09,800 --> 00:26:14,360
Well, if I had to guess, I didn't know it was outside of America, to be honest,

431
00:26:14,360 --> 00:26:16,840
and also I didn't give it much thought.

432
00:26:16,840 --> 00:26:21,480
And I also shouldn't be guessing this because I've also now written this episode.

433
00:26:21,480 --> 00:26:24,280
If you were to guess, Taylor, where would you think this

434
00:26:24,280 --> 00:26:26,600
stories I'm going to be telling originate from?

435
00:26:26,600 --> 00:26:30,600
I'm going to say Germany, just because the original headless horseman guy was German.

436
00:26:30,600 --> 00:26:31,800
That's a good guess.

437
00:26:31,800 --> 00:26:33,880
It's actually Ireland and Scotland.

438
00:26:33,880 --> 00:26:35,160
Oh, of course.

439
00:26:35,160 --> 00:26:39,400
I'm going to start first with the Scottish origin tale of the headless horseman,

440
00:26:39,400 --> 00:26:41,880
and then I'll do the Irish one, because again, it's my choice.

441
00:26:41,880 --> 00:26:44,840
I make the decisions here and I just wanted to end with the Irish one.

442
00:26:44,840 --> 00:26:45,720
Or the Scottish.

443
00:26:45,720 --> 00:26:50,440
During the 1300s, two dominant branches of the same clan existed,

444
00:26:50,440 --> 00:26:54,520
which apparently was totally normal back then in relation to the story

445
00:26:54,520 --> 00:27:00,760
McLean of Duart and McLean of Lock Bowie, who were headed by two brothers

446
00:27:00,760 --> 00:27:05,240
and Lachlan the Willy controlled the stronger McLeans of Duart.

447
00:27:05,240 --> 00:27:07,960
Wait, if you're following me, Lachlan the Willy.

448
00:27:07,960 --> 00:27:08,360
Yeah.

449
00:27:08,360 --> 00:27:10,760
OK, I just wanted to make sure that that was right.

450
00:27:10,760 --> 00:27:12,040
It's Scotland, of course.

451
00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:14,280
That's a totally normal.

452
00:27:14,280 --> 00:27:16,360
Is that a person or just something?

453
00:27:16,360 --> 00:27:17,480
Is it just the Willy?

454
00:27:17,480 --> 00:27:20,120
It's like it's like Scott.

455
00:27:22,520 --> 00:27:22,920
OK.

456
00:27:22,920 --> 00:27:25,480
Ewan McLean of the McLean clan.

457
00:27:25,480 --> 00:27:26,920
Not the McLean clan.

458
00:27:26,920 --> 00:27:27,240
Yeah.

459
00:27:27,240 --> 00:27:33,000
Yeah, it's McLean, not McLean, who was of the non-dominant clad, had a small head,

460
00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:35,480
and he's actually a real guy, Ewan.

461
00:27:35,480 --> 00:27:38,680
Now, eventually there is a sword fight that he is involved in,

462
00:27:38,680 --> 00:27:41,160
and how this comes about varies by legend.

463
00:27:41,160 --> 00:27:46,360
Night prior to battle, Ewan has an encounter with either a fairy folk

464
00:27:46,360 --> 00:27:50,200
or a witch, depending on which legend you read out in the forest.

465
00:27:50,200 --> 00:27:55,640
I actually put two kind of encounters just to like kind of set the mood for you here.

466
00:27:55,640 --> 00:28:00,120
The first one with the witch, the witch used her foresight to tell Ewan of an omen

467
00:28:00,120 --> 00:28:03,480
to watch out for, to know what his faith would be.

468
00:28:03,480 --> 00:28:08,440
The omen was that if Ewan's wife brought him and his men food and drink before the battle,

469
00:28:08,440 --> 00:28:11,400
unasked, Clan McLean would be successful.

470
00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:14,200
If she had to be asked to serve refreshments,

471
00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:17,240
then that would be a sign of his clan's failure in battle.

472
00:28:17,240 --> 00:28:22,840
This prediction sent a shiver down Ewan's spine, and his wife was not the most agreeable woman.

473
00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:25,560
For the fairy folk, the tale goes like this.

474
00:28:25,560 --> 00:28:29,240
On the eve of the battle, Ewan took a walk through a nearby wood.

475
00:28:29,240 --> 00:28:32,120
As he approached the stream that runs through the woods,

476
00:28:32,120 --> 00:28:37,080
to Ewan's astonishment he spotted a washerwoman sitting at the ford of the river.

477
00:28:37,080 --> 00:28:40,840
Woman is hunched over with long hair and large drooping breasts.

478
00:28:40,840 --> 00:28:41,720
It gets better.

479
00:28:41,720 --> 00:28:47,240
She washes clothes that are not dirty and as she does blood runs from them and into the stream.

480
00:28:47,240 --> 00:28:54,040
Washerwoman is not mortal, one of the fairy folk known as Bean Negi and a bad omen to those who

481
00:28:54,040 --> 00:28:54,600
see her.

482
00:28:54,600 --> 00:28:57,400
Ewan knew what he had to do and sneaks up behind her.

483
00:28:57,400 --> 00:29:01,560
She is singing a lament to all those soldiers who have fallen in battle.

484
00:29:01,560 --> 00:29:05,880
It takes a little bit of a weirder turn here, viewer discretion advised.

485
00:29:05,880 --> 00:29:09,240
Ewan took her breasts in his mouth and suckles like a baby.

486
00:29:09,240 --> 00:29:13,400
He tells her that he is her firstborn. To this she grants him a wish.

487
00:29:13,400 --> 00:29:15,720
That's gotta be hard with a breast in your mouth.

488
00:29:15,720 --> 00:29:17,960
Yes and also Scotland, am I right?

489
00:29:18,920 --> 00:29:22,040
They're already batten with a handicap.

490
00:29:23,560 --> 00:29:27,240
Ewan not very brightly asked what the outcome of the battle would be.

491
00:29:27,240 --> 00:29:28,040
That's his wish.

492
00:29:28,040 --> 00:29:31,240
I'm your first son, what's the outcome of the battle gonna be?

493
00:29:32,280 --> 00:29:33,400
Like it's a wish.

494
00:29:33,400 --> 00:29:36,840
He wouldn't ask to win it, like that would be my fucking wish.

495
00:29:36,840 --> 00:29:40,280
It's not what is the outcome of the battle going to be.

496
00:29:40,280 --> 00:29:45,880
Anyhow, she replies, if tomorrow morning you are given butter with your porridge without asking,

497
00:29:45,880 --> 00:29:47,480
then you will be victorious.

498
00:29:47,480 --> 00:29:51,080
Ewan is angry at this answer and curses the washerwoman.

499
00:29:51,080 --> 00:29:54,200
Maybe he should have asked for a different wish, like jeez.

500
00:29:54,200 --> 00:29:55,640
Just straight up asked to win.

501
00:29:55,640 --> 00:29:58,920
Also that's very Nisa of the porridge.

502
00:29:58,920 --> 00:30:00,120
Oh it is.

503
00:30:00,120 --> 00:30:01,640
This is the fairy folk one.

504
00:30:01,640 --> 00:30:04,360
Ah, I didn't put that together but you're right.

505
00:30:04,360 --> 00:30:09,160
He's angry at the answer and curses the washerwoman and in bad temper goes back to the cat.

506
00:30:09,160 --> 00:30:10,440
That's just stupidity.

507
00:30:10,440 --> 00:30:13,560
It is not a good idea to curse at the washerwoman.

508
00:30:13,560 --> 00:30:15,240
No, because she didn't do anything.

509
00:30:15,240 --> 00:30:16,120
He got his wish.

510
00:30:16,120 --> 00:30:21,240
Well not only that, like he did so many things to like wrong, like sexual assaults.

511
00:30:21,240 --> 00:30:21,720
Like rape, first informals.

512
00:30:21,720 --> 00:30:26,360
Yeah I was just gonna say sexual assault for one and then just not using his brain.

513
00:30:26,360 --> 00:30:31,480
So I guess all in all the outcome is the same and the end result is based on whether he gets food

514
00:30:31,480 --> 00:30:32,280
without asking.

515
00:30:32,280 --> 00:30:36,840
So I could have saved you all there reading you that but I couldn't have just not read

516
00:30:36,840 --> 00:30:41,240
the fairy folk one and then I had to read the other one for reasons unsaid.

517
00:30:41,240 --> 00:30:44,120
It's a not show favouritism I understand.

518
00:30:44,120 --> 00:30:49,720
Except I have already said multiple times the favouritism that happened in this work of art.

519
00:30:49,720 --> 00:30:51,480
But let's move to the next point.

520
00:30:51,480 --> 00:30:57,720
Again, in every single scenario the nourishment is not brought without asking and Ewan knows his

521
00:30:57,720 --> 00:31:00,680
faith however still courageously goes to battle.

522
00:31:00,680 --> 00:31:03,560
He dies in battle via differing methods.

523
00:31:03,560 --> 00:31:09,400
My favourite was the blow to the head that slices only the top of his skull off and he rides away

524
00:31:09,400 --> 00:31:10,600
and then dies.

525
00:31:10,600 --> 00:31:11,560
Interesting one.

526
00:31:11,560 --> 00:31:16,680
The spirit of Ewan still appears wearing a green cape that he wore in battle and in the

527
00:31:16,680 --> 00:31:20,520
darkest of nights the hooves of his loyal steed can be heard.

528
00:31:20,520 --> 00:31:26,600
Ewan is a guardian of his descendants and it is known that if his spirit of Ewan is seen or heard

529
00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:31,400
a death in the family is imminent and that this will escort his family to the other side.

530
00:31:31,400 --> 00:31:32,600
Oh he's a banshee now.

531
00:31:32,600 --> 00:31:33,080
Okay.

532
00:31:33,080 --> 00:31:36,360
Pretty much yeah but only to his specific bloodline.

533
00:31:36,360 --> 00:31:38,200
Yeah that's how it usually works with banshees.

534
00:31:38,200 --> 00:31:38,920
Oh really?

535
00:31:38,920 --> 00:31:39,240
Yeah.

536
00:31:39,240 --> 00:31:41,320
It's the losing bloodline by the way.

537
00:31:41,320 --> 00:31:45,080
He can be recognized by his small head obviously.

538
00:31:45,080 --> 00:31:50,840
Man you understand like he wasn't the smartest guy but he had so many opportunities to win

539
00:31:50,840 --> 00:31:55,800
that battle first by just asking for the wish if the fairy one was right.

540
00:31:55,800 --> 00:31:56,200
Yeah.

541
00:31:56,200 --> 00:32:01,160
Or just taking proactive steps and either getting your porridge ready yourself.

542
00:32:01,160 --> 00:32:02,280
Oh that is true.

543
00:32:02,280 --> 00:32:04,600
Or serving those people yourself.

544
00:32:04,600 --> 00:32:05,640
Simple as that.

545
00:32:05,640 --> 00:32:08,120
That's true and that would have assured his victory.

546
00:32:08,120 --> 00:32:09,960
There is one other variation.

547
00:32:09,960 --> 00:32:15,640
Ewan is the son of the chieftain and is ready to take his father's place as head of the clan

548
00:32:15,640 --> 00:32:18,840
mclean and a bloody battle within the family occurs.

549
00:32:18,840 --> 00:32:23,960
Here Ewan is beheaded by one of his father's men and his horse is killed along with him.

550
00:32:23,960 --> 00:32:27,320
I'm sad for the horse. So much animal death in this episode.

551
00:32:27,320 --> 00:32:32,840
This take of Ewan's afterlife is a bit more sinister as his headless and restless spirit

552
00:32:32,840 --> 00:32:38,200
haunts the land of Scotland tormenting the lives of his living descendants and innocent bystanders.

553
00:32:38,200 --> 00:32:43,880
Ewan's spirit is bound to no particular area and the sounds of disembodied hooves make the

554
00:32:43,880 --> 00:32:45,240
living's blood run cold.

555
00:32:45,240 --> 00:32:49,960
So this is very much still a living thing alive and well in Scotland of Ewan.

556
00:32:49,960 --> 00:32:51,240
He was a real guy.

557
00:32:51,240 --> 00:32:56,760
I could even go on and they would like show where he came from in the areas of Scotland

558
00:32:56,760 --> 00:32:57,960
where this all happened.

559
00:32:57,960 --> 00:33:02,760
Oh yeah they show you in like the maps and like oh this is his family crest and like this is his

560
00:33:02,760 --> 00:33:05,160
family's kilt pattern things like that.

561
00:33:05,160 --> 00:33:06,760
Yeah they really like that there.

562
00:33:06,760 --> 00:33:08,200
So that's Scotland.

563
00:33:08,200 --> 00:33:13,560
It's a little bit weird but now with that out of the way we can move on to Ireland which I

564
00:33:13,560 --> 00:33:18,440
personally not to create a bias going into this I quite was taken with this one.

565
00:33:18,440 --> 00:33:26,040
In Ireland the Dullahan aka Darkman is a headless demonic fairy usually riding a black horse and

566
00:33:26,040 --> 00:33:31,160
carrying his head under his arm and this is actually so creepy in comparison to what I know

567
00:33:31,160 --> 00:33:33,240
and love as the Disney cartoon.

568
00:33:33,240 --> 00:33:36,280
This story I'm about to regale you with it is so much better.

569
00:33:36,280 --> 00:33:41,000
He is said to be the embodiment of the Celtic god Cromdubi.

570
00:33:41,000 --> 00:33:46,600
This handsome fellow usually has a hideous grin that touches both sides of his head and his eyes

571
00:33:46,600 --> 00:33:51,960
are constantly moving about and can see across the countryside even during the darkest nights.

572
00:33:51,960 --> 00:33:57,880
One especially disturbing detail is that his head is said to have the color and consistency

573
00:33:57,880 --> 00:33:59,160
of moldy cheese.

574
00:33:59,160 --> 00:34:00,280
So people are touching it.

575
00:34:01,560 --> 00:34:05,000
Now that you say that it makes me think they might also be tasting it.

576
00:34:05,000 --> 00:34:05,500
Yeah.

577
00:34:07,000 --> 00:34:10,920
And it's such an interesting observation of one.

578
00:34:10,920 --> 00:34:15,640
Have you ever made an observation like that before other than Recliat cheese?

579
00:34:15,640 --> 00:34:16,600
Not about cheese.

580
00:34:16,600 --> 00:34:17,800
No, I don't think so.

581
00:34:17,800 --> 00:34:19,160
Not even about cheese.

582
00:34:19,160 --> 00:34:23,640
I would never describe something I've never tasted or something that you wouldn't normally

583
00:34:23,640 --> 00:34:27,000
taste as having a consistency of some odd food.

584
00:34:27,000 --> 00:34:28,680
Like that just seems out of place.

585
00:34:28,680 --> 00:34:30,760
Look at that guy's mac and cheese face.

586
00:34:32,040 --> 00:34:32,540
Okay.

587
00:34:32,600 --> 00:34:37,080
The uranium has both the consistency and the smell of macaroni.

588
00:34:37,080 --> 00:34:37,800
Yes.

589
00:34:37,800 --> 00:34:38,440
Yeah.

590
00:34:38,440 --> 00:34:38,920
Okay.

591
00:34:38,920 --> 00:34:45,480
So the Dullahan wields a whip made from a human corpse's spine, which is fucking terrifying.

592
00:34:45,480 --> 00:34:47,400
That is a metal album right there.

593
00:34:47,400 --> 00:34:47,880
It is.

594
00:34:47,880 --> 00:34:53,320
Like that is the most metal and terrifying thing I've never heard of that detail before.

595
00:34:53,320 --> 00:34:57,480
I really think Disney should have strongly considered keeping that detail.

596
00:34:57,480 --> 00:34:59,960
Obviously, I refer back to Disney a lot for this.

597
00:34:59,960 --> 00:35:02,440
This is my whole Liz Horsman reference.

598
00:35:02,440 --> 00:35:06,760
Another version of the Irish legend, the Dullahan drives a black carriage,

599
00:35:06,760 --> 00:35:09,160
which is adorned with funeral objects.

600
00:35:09,160 --> 00:35:12,280
It has candles in skulls to light the way.

601
00:35:12,280 --> 00:35:17,320
The spokes of the wheels are made from thigh bones and the wagon's covering is made from

602
00:35:17,320 --> 00:35:20,680
a worm chewed pal or dried human skin.

603
00:35:20,680 --> 00:35:25,480
He roams the lands of Ireland looking for victims of those lives he intends to take.

604
00:35:25,480 --> 00:35:28,520
The Dullahan stops riding a death occurs.

605
00:35:28,520 --> 00:35:33,960
So when he stops, he calls out a name, which is believed to draw the soul away from the

606
00:35:33,960 --> 00:35:37,880
person's body, at which point the named person immediately dies.

607
00:35:37,880 --> 00:35:39,960
I know what you're thinking after all this.

608
00:35:39,960 --> 00:35:44,520
How am I ever going to rid myself of the fear of running into the Dullahan now?

609
00:35:44,520 --> 00:35:46,840
All my friends, I will help you.

610
00:35:46,840 --> 00:35:50,440
Can't think of anything I want in return, so you're off the hook this time.

611
00:35:50,440 --> 00:35:52,920
You may carry around a golden object.

612
00:35:52,920 --> 00:35:56,280
It is said that it will force the Dullahan to disappear.

613
00:35:56,280 --> 00:35:56,920
And that's it.

614
00:35:56,920 --> 00:36:00,680
He's not as cool as Baron Samedi, but he's almost as cool.

615
00:36:00,680 --> 00:36:02,840
He's a little more badass than Baron Samedi.

616
00:36:02,840 --> 00:36:05,240
Like the Baron seems like somebody you want to hang out with.

617
00:36:05,240 --> 00:36:06,200
He's pretty chill.

618
00:36:06,200 --> 00:36:07,640
Like he takes rum.

619
00:36:07,640 --> 00:36:12,120
This guy just seems like you can't even give him anything to help you.

620
00:36:12,120 --> 00:36:13,880
You're fucked if you see him.

621
00:36:13,880 --> 00:36:15,080
Like get the fuck out of there.

622
00:36:15,080 --> 00:36:17,640
He is wielding a human spine.

623
00:36:17,640 --> 00:36:20,280
Well, somebody got close enough to taste his head.

624
00:36:20,280 --> 00:36:23,800
So I don't think it's like a death sentence per se.

625
00:36:23,800 --> 00:36:26,360
You think they're like, that is moldy cheese.

626
00:36:26,360 --> 00:36:28,200
I knew it just from looking at you.

627
00:36:28,200 --> 00:36:29,320
That was moldy cheese.

628
00:36:29,320 --> 00:36:31,800
But I had to taste it to confirm.

629
00:36:31,800 --> 00:36:37,560
Yeah, like there's just a couple really specific details in the story that I was a big

630
00:36:37,560 --> 00:36:39,160
fan of for the Dullahan.

631
00:36:39,160 --> 00:36:39,960
And that's it.

632
00:36:39,960 --> 00:36:43,320
That's what I got for this in as short as I could make this.

633
00:36:43,320 --> 00:36:47,800
Which lets us move to our third and final creature, which are werewolves.

634
00:36:47,800 --> 00:36:52,280
Now you may be asking yourself a question like I have it at various points in my life.

635
00:36:52,280 --> 00:36:53,160
Why werewolves?

636
00:36:53,160 --> 00:36:53,640
Why not?

637
00:36:53,640 --> 00:36:56,040
Why wolves or when wolves or how wolves?

638
00:36:56,040 --> 00:36:58,760
It's because it is a human wearing wolf.

639
00:36:58,760 --> 00:36:59,480
Simple as that.

640
00:36:59,480 --> 00:37:03,960
No, where actually comes from Old English, which comes from ancient Nordic.

641
00:37:03,960 --> 00:37:05,080
Where means man.

642
00:37:05,080 --> 00:37:07,800
So it literally translates to man wolf.

643
00:37:07,800 --> 00:37:11,720
That is why werewolf, despite the fact we know where sometimes.

644
00:37:11,720 --> 00:37:12,360
Sometimes.

645
00:37:12,360 --> 00:37:15,160
But this well predates English really.

646
00:37:15,160 --> 00:37:17,560
We can trace this all the way back to ancient Creek.

647
00:37:17,560 --> 00:37:20,440
There are references to men changing into wolves.

648
00:37:20,440 --> 00:37:25,880
The weird thing is it's really hard to separate out werewolf from like the rest of things

649
00:37:25,880 --> 00:37:29,800
that just turn into other animals, shapeshifters like the skinwalkers, say.

650
00:37:29,800 --> 00:37:33,240
Those would be distinctly two different things though, right?

651
00:37:33,240 --> 00:37:35,240
It's actually hard to say.

652
00:37:35,240 --> 00:37:37,560
Because they come from two different cultures, right?

653
00:37:37,560 --> 00:37:41,240
Well, they do, but werewolves come from many different cultures as well.

654
00:37:42,200 --> 00:37:43,160
It's really hard to say.

655
00:37:43,160 --> 00:37:47,160
Like if we're talking about werewolves, where the cutoff point is, is this is where werewolves

656
00:37:47,160 --> 00:37:49,160
are and these things are outside of it.

657
00:37:49,160 --> 00:37:49,560
Okay.

658
00:37:49,560 --> 00:37:50,040
Okay.

659
00:37:50,040 --> 00:37:51,080
I get what you're saying.

660
00:37:51,080 --> 00:37:51,560
Yeah.

661
00:37:51,560 --> 00:37:51,960
Fair enough.

662
00:37:51,960 --> 00:37:52,600
That's a fair point.

663
00:37:52,600 --> 00:37:57,880
Herodotus wrote about what may be considered werewolves way back in the day.

664
00:37:57,880 --> 00:38:02,760
The day being maybe a Wednesday, although Wednesdays probably didn't exist at that time.

665
00:38:02,760 --> 00:38:05,560
So it might not have been a Wednesday or maybe they were all Wednesdays.

666
00:38:05,560 --> 00:38:05,960
I don't know.

667
00:38:06,840 --> 00:38:12,440
He wrote that Neary, a tribe he places on the northeast of Scythia, were all transformed

668
00:38:12,440 --> 00:38:16,840
into wolves once every year for several days and then changed back to their human shape.

669
00:38:16,840 --> 00:38:22,440
There's also a very famous Greek myth of Lycan, who is the son of Pelasgus.

670
00:38:22,440 --> 00:38:27,480
And he angered the god Zeus when he served him a meal made from the remains of a sacrificed boy.

671
00:38:27,480 --> 00:38:32,440
As punishment, the enraged Zeus turned Lycan and his sons into wolves,

672
00:38:32,440 --> 00:38:34,600
which is where we actually get the term Lycanthropy,

673
00:38:34,600 --> 00:38:38,600
which is generally like the more scientific term people use for werewolves.

674
00:38:38,600 --> 00:38:39,080
Really?

675
00:38:39,080 --> 00:38:39,320
Yeah.

676
00:38:39,320 --> 00:38:43,000
Canthropy is the scientific term for turning into a wolf.

677
00:38:43,000 --> 00:38:43,560
Yeah.

678
00:38:43,560 --> 00:38:45,560
It doesn't mean that people actually turn into wolves.

679
00:38:45,560 --> 00:38:48,440
It's just if you're trying to be more fancy about it, that's what you call it.

680
00:38:48,440 --> 00:38:49,240
I do like that.

681
00:38:49,240 --> 00:38:51,480
Lycan is Latin for wolf.

682
00:38:51,480 --> 00:38:53,080
I'm going to put that in my bio.

683
00:38:53,080 --> 00:38:56,760
Early Christians authors also mentioned werewolves in the city of God.

684
00:38:56,760 --> 00:39:01,960
Augustine of Hippo explains that it is very generally believed that by certain witches

685
00:39:01,960 --> 00:39:04,520
spells men may be turned into wolves.

686
00:39:04,520 --> 00:39:09,400
Physical metamorphosis was also mentioned in the Capitulatum Episcopi,

687
00:39:09,400 --> 00:39:14,760
attributed the council of Ancyra in the fourth century, which became the church's doctrinal

688
00:39:14,760 --> 00:39:19,640
text in the relation to magic witches and transformations such as those of werewolves.

689
00:39:19,640 --> 00:39:25,240
The Capitulatum Episcopi states that whoever believes that anything can be transformed into

690
00:39:25,240 --> 00:39:29,880
another species or likeness, except by God himself, is beyond doubt an infidel.

691
00:39:29,880 --> 00:39:35,240
In works of Roman writers werewolves often receive the name Verus Fellus, turnskins.

692
00:39:35,240 --> 00:39:39,560
Augustine instead uses the phrase in lupum fuici mutatum,

693
00:39:39,560 --> 00:39:43,560
changed in the form of a wolf to describe the physical metamorphosis of werewolves,

694
00:39:43,560 --> 00:39:46,040
which is similar to phrases used in the medieval period.

695
00:39:46,040 --> 00:39:47,000
Turnskins.

696
00:39:47,000 --> 00:39:52,680
Werewolves were said in European folklore to bear telltale signs even in their human form.

697
00:39:52,680 --> 00:39:56,680
These include the meeting of both eyebrows in the middle at the bridge of the nose,

698
00:39:56,680 --> 00:40:01,400
the curved fingernails, low set ears, and a swinging stride.

699
00:40:01,400 --> 00:40:04,040
So, you know, just keep your eye out for things like that.

700
00:40:04,040 --> 00:40:04,540
Shit.

701
00:40:05,720 --> 00:40:07,560
And I actually like this one.

702
00:40:07,560 --> 00:40:12,040
One method of identifying a werewolf in its human form was to cut the flesh of the accused

703
00:40:12,040 --> 00:40:15,720
under the pretense that the fur would be seen within the wound.

704
00:40:15,720 --> 00:40:16,760
Oh my God.

705
00:40:16,760 --> 00:40:18,520
Did this ever happen for real?

706
00:40:18,520 --> 00:40:19,960
Well, we're going to talk a bit.

707
00:40:19,960 --> 00:40:20,760
I'm almost there.

708
00:40:20,760 --> 00:40:21,240
Okay.

709
00:40:21,240 --> 00:40:25,880
A Russian superstition recalls a werewolf can be recognized by bristles under the tongue,

710
00:40:25,880 --> 00:40:30,120
and the appearance of a werewolf in its animal form varies from culture to culture,

711
00:40:30,120 --> 00:40:35,240
though in most it is commonly portrayed as being indistinguishable from ordinary wolves,

712
00:40:35,240 --> 00:40:41,240
save for the fact that it does not have a tail, is often larger and retains human eyes and a voice.

713
00:40:41,240 --> 00:40:45,560
According to some Swedish accounts, the werewolf could be distinguished from a regular wolf by

714
00:40:45,560 --> 00:40:51,160
the fact that it would run on three legs, stretching the fourth leg out backwards to look like a tail.

715
00:40:51,800 --> 00:40:55,800
One thing most all European werewolves are known for is the habit of devouring

716
00:40:55,800 --> 00:41:00,360
recently buried corpses, a trait that is documented extensively particularly in

717
00:41:00,360 --> 00:41:05,080
a famous psychological book, Anal Medico Psychologique in the 19th century.

718
00:41:05,080 --> 00:41:06,520
About wolves devouring.

719
00:41:06,520 --> 00:41:06,760
Yeah.

720
00:41:06,760 --> 00:41:07,640
Body. Okay.

721
00:41:07,640 --> 00:41:09,800
That's like a weird thing to put in that book, but...

722
00:41:09,800 --> 00:41:13,800
Before the end of the 19th century, the Greeks believed that corpses of werewolves,

723
00:41:13,800 --> 00:41:17,560
if not destroyed, would return to life in the form of wolves or hyenas,

724
00:41:17,560 --> 00:41:21,080
which prowled battlefields, drinking the blood of dying soldiers.

725
00:41:21,080 --> 00:41:24,840
In some rural areas of Germany, Poland, and northern France, it was once believed that

726
00:41:24,840 --> 00:41:29,240
people who died in mortal sin come back to life as blood-drinking wolves.

727
00:41:29,240 --> 00:41:33,240
These undead werewolves would return to their human corpse form at daylight.

728
00:41:33,240 --> 00:41:37,960
They were dealt with by decapitation with a spade and exorcism by the parish priest.

729
00:41:37,960 --> 00:41:42,840
The head would then be thrown into a stream where the weight of its sins was thought to weigh it down.

730
00:41:42,840 --> 00:41:47,240
Sometimes the same methods used to dispose of ordinary vampires were used as well.

731
00:41:47,240 --> 00:41:51,080
And the vampire was also linked to the werewolves in Eastern European countries,

732
00:41:51,080 --> 00:41:54,040
particularly places like Bulgaria, Serbia, and Slovenia.

733
00:41:54,040 --> 00:41:58,760
In Serbia, werewolves and vampires are known collectively as Vold Koldlik,

734
00:41:58,760 --> 00:42:02,600
which I probably butchered. Let's try one more time. Vold Koldlik.

735
00:42:02,600 --> 00:42:06,520
Now, I bet what you're wondering at this point, how does one become a werewolf?

736
00:42:06,520 --> 00:42:09,480
Certainly, it's by being bitten by a werewolf or a wolf.

737
00:42:09,480 --> 00:42:12,840
Well, it's really not that simple. Sometimes it's even simpler.

738
00:42:12,840 --> 00:42:16,760
Sometimes it's as simple as putting on a belt made of wolf skin,

739
00:42:16,760 --> 00:42:20,760
probably as a substitute for the assumption of an entire animal skin.

740
00:42:20,760 --> 00:42:25,240
In other cases, the body is rubbed with a magical salve. This one I find weird.

741
00:42:25,240 --> 00:42:29,480
Drinking rainwater out of the footprint of the animal in question or from certain enchanted

742
00:42:29,480 --> 00:42:33,640
streams were also considered effectual modes of accomplishing metamorphosis.

743
00:42:33,640 --> 00:42:36,120
That is a weird one. Belt one's a little weird too.

744
00:42:36,120 --> 00:42:42,840
16th century Swedish writer Ola Magnus says that the Livonian werewolves were initiated by

745
00:42:42,840 --> 00:42:46,840
draining a cup of specifically prepared beer and repeating a set formula.

746
00:42:46,840 --> 00:42:52,360
Ralston in his song of the Russian people gives the form of incantation still familiar in Russia.

747
00:42:52,360 --> 00:42:57,320
In Italy, France and Germany, it was said that a man or woman turned into a werewolf if he or she,

748
00:42:57,320 --> 00:43:03,320
on a certain Wednesday or Friday, slept outside on a summer night with a full moon shining directly

749
00:43:03,320 --> 00:43:08,280
on his or her face. The full moon. So that whole thing was weird.

750
00:43:08,280 --> 00:43:13,240
In other cases, the transformation was supposedly accomplished by satanic allegiances for the most

751
00:43:13,240 --> 00:43:17,720
loathsome ends, often for the sake of sating a craving for human flesh.

752
00:43:17,720 --> 00:43:23,080
Now, I didn't realize this. You're familiar with the craze of witch trials, right?

753
00:43:23,080 --> 00:43:23,480
Yes.

754
00:43:23,480 --> 00:43:28,760
Both through Europe and North America. Now, this also swept through Europe and it was accompanied

755
00:43:28,760 --> 00:43:33,080
right around the exact same time with werewolf trials. Sometimes the witches were also being

756
00:43:33,080 --> 00:43:37,800
tried for being werewolves, but sometimes that was the only thing. And there are specific court

757
00:43:37,800 --> 00:43:43,640
cases about it. I found two. The second one, it's the lighthearted end to the story. This first one's

758
00:43:43,640 --> 00:43:47,800
a little heavy. Also, it just seems like they're, well, let's just get to it.

759
00:43:47,800 --> 00:43:50,680
Can I just ask a question before we get into it?

760
00:43:50,680 --> 00:43:55,560
Are these cases based on like, if you had a werewolf case today as a lawyer,

761
00:43:55,560 --> 00:43:58,600
you would go back to see what the rulings were on these ones?

762
00:43:58,600 --> 00:44:03,720
Likely not, because this would be before the fall of empires. Like this first one happens in the

763
00:44:03,720 --> 00:44:10,840
1580s. And I believe it's in Germany and I'm pretty sure that Germany uses a civil code. So

764
00:44:10,840 --> 00:44:15,640
their rules are based on codified law, not on previous case law. You look at the law and see

765
00:44:15,640 --> 00:44:17,240
how it applies to your specific case.

766
00:44:17,240 --> 00:44:18,920
Then you need to find a different werewolf.

767
00:44:18,920 --> 00:44:22,200
And the other one is Swedish, which I also believe is codified as well.

768
00:44:22,200 --> 00:44:24,840
Okay. So no, we can't use these moving forward.

769
00:44:24,840 --> 00:44:31,560
Yeah. But you would actually be able to use these cases as like the most similar, should it present

770
00:44:31,560 --> 00:44:36,840
itself in your day and time, because there would be no precedent case likely in your area.

771
00:44:36,840 --> 00:44:41,640
Oh, damn it. Okay. So I was thinking, because you said that there's probably one more recent

772
00:44:41,640 --> 00:44:44,520
we could use, but there is probably not. Is that what you're saying?

773
00:44:44,520 --> 00:44:46,280
There's no more werewolf trials.

774
00:44:46,280 --> 00:44:48,600
There's none in Canada, unfortunately, as far as I know.

775
00:44:48,600 --> 00:44:49,240
Died out.

776
00:44:49,240 --> 00:44:49,720
Okay.

777
00:44:49,720 --> 00:44:54,120
We're going to talk about the story of Peter Stump. Peter, the name Stump or Stump,

778
00:44:54,120 --> 00:44:57,640
may have been given to him as reference to the fact that his left hand had been cut off,

779
00:44:57,640 --> 00:44:58,840
leaving him only a stump.

780
00:44:58,840 --> 00:44:59,960
Well, that sucks for him.

781
00:44:59,960 --> 00:45:05,320
It was alleged that as he was a werewolf, the wolf had his left fore paw cut off.

782
00:45:05,320 --> 00:45:08,440
And then the same injury proved the guilt of this man.

783
00:45:08,440 --> 00:45:13,960
Stump was born in the village of Epporth near the country town of Bedberg in the electorate of Cologne.

784
00:45:13,960 --> 00:45:16,440
He was a wealthy farmer of his rural community.

785
00:45:16,440 --> 00:45:22,120
And during the 1580s, he seems to have been a widower with two children, a girl called Beale

786
00:45:22,120 --> 00:45:26,520
Sible, who seems to have been older than 15 years old and a son of unknown age.

787
00:45:26,520 --> 00:45:31,800
During 1589, Stump had one of the most lurid and famous werewolf trials in history.

788
00:45:31,800 --> 00:45:35,880
After being stretched on a rack and before further torture commenced,

789
00:45:35,880 --> 00:45:39,480
he confessed to having practiced black magic since he was 12 years old.

790
00:45:39,480 --> 00:45:44,680
He claimed that the devil had given him a magical belt or girdle, which enabled him to metamorphose

791
00:45:44,680 --> 00:45:50,680
into the likeness of a greedy devourer wolf, strong and mighty with eyes great and large,

792
00:45:50,680 --> 00:45:56,680
which in the night sparkled like fire, a mouth great and wide and with most sharp and cruel teeth,

793
00:45:56,680 --> 00:45:58,360
a huge body and mighty paws.

794
00:45:58,360 --> 00:46:01,480
Removing the belt, he said, made him transform back to his human form,

795
00:46:01,480 --> 00:46:04,360
and no such belt was ever found after his arrest.

796
00:46:04,360 --> 00:46:05,880
Yeah, I was going to say it.

797
00:46:05,880 --> 00:46:09,240
I just feel like he was a victim of unfortunate circumstances,

798
00:46:09,240 --> 00:46:13,640
just matching the physical description of a wolf that someone happened upon.

799
00:46:13,640 --> 00:46:14,200
Then he-

800
00:46:14,200 --> 00:46:18,120
Well, and somebody with a handicap missing a hand.

801
00:46:18,120 --> 00:46:21,000
Yeah, in a wolf with a handicap missing a paw.

802
00:46:21,000 --> 00:46:23,960
So it sucks to be that guy until he was like, yeah, okay,

803
00:46:23,960 --> 00:46:26,280
I transform into a wolf. I have this belt.

804
00:46:26,280 --> 00:46:29,480
So yeah, they torture him and he just confesses to a whole bunch of things.

805
00:46:29,480 --> 00:46:30,280
We're going to keep going.

806
00:46:30,280 --> 00:46:34,680
For 25 years, Stump has allegedly been an insatiable bloodsucker who gorged on the

807
00:46:34,680 --> 00:46:37,800
flesh of goats, lamb and sheep, as well as men, women and children.

808
00:46:37,800 --> 00:46:41,480
Being threatened with torture, he also confessed to killing and eating 14 children,

809
00:46:41,480 --> 00:46:45,400
two pregnant women, whose fetuses he ripped from their rooms and ate their hearts,

810
00:46:45,400 --> 00:46:49,480
panting hot and raw, which he later described as dainty morsels.

811
00:46:49,480 --> 00:46:54,040
One of the 14 children was his own son, whose brains he was reported to have devoured.

812
00:46:54,040 --> 00:46:54,840
Oh no.

813
00:46:54,840 --> 00:46:58,360
Not only was Stump accused of being a serial murderer and cannibal,

814
00:46:58,360 --> 00:47:02,600
but also having an incestuous relationship with his daughter, who was sentenced to die with him,

815
00:47:02,600 --> 00:47:05,000
and that he had coupled with a distant relative,

816
00:47:05,000 --> 00:47:07,400
which was also considered to be incestuous according to the law.

817
00:47:07,400 --> 00:47:10,840
In addition to this, he confessed to having had intercourse with a succubus

818
00:47:10,840 --> 00:47:12,440
who had sent to him by the devil.

819
00:47:12,440 --> 00:47:14,920
That's all they got out of confessions from this guy.

820
00:47:14,920 --> 00:47:18,360
So what would have happened if he did not confess to this?

821
00:47:18,360 --> 00:47:19,880
He probably would have died in torture.

822
00:47:19,880 --> 00:47:24,040
And what happened to him after confessing to it? Did he die in torture?

823
00:47:24,040 --> 00:47:27,800
Actually, I have this part of the story. I labeled the torture,

824
00:47:27,800 --> 00:47:30,600
which is probably actually incorrect as it is the execution.

825
00:47:30,600 --> 00:47:36,200
So on October 31st, 1589, alongside his daughter, Sybil, and his mistress, Catherine,

826
00:47:36,200 --> 00:47:39,640
one of the most brutal executions ever recorded took place.

827
00:47:39,640 --> 00:47:43,960
He was put to a wheel where flesh was torn from his body in 10 places

828
00:47:43,960 --> 00:47:47,000
with red hot pincers, followed by his arms and legs.

829
00:47:47,000 --> 00:47:49,800
Then his limbs were broken with the blunt side of an axe head

830
00:47:49,800 --> 00:47:55,080
to prevent him from returning from the grave before he was beheaded and his body burned on a pyre.

831
00:47:55,080 --> 00:47:57,880
His daughter and mistress had already been flayed and strangled

832
00:47:57,880 --> 00:47:59,880
and were burned along with Stumpf's body.

833
00:47:59,880 --> 00:48:04,360
As a warning against similar behavior, local authorities erected a pole

834
00:48:04,360 --> 00:48:07,000
with the torture wheel and the figure of a wolf on it,

835
00:48:07,000 --> 00:48:09,560
and at the very top they placed Peter Stumpf's severed head.

836
00:48:09,560 --> 00:48:10,280
Oh God.

837
00:48:10,280 --> 00:48:13,240
And that is what's known as the Peter Stumpf trial.

838
00:48:13,240 --> 00:48:15,320
So no matter what he would have done,

839
00:48:16,040 --> 00:48:19,000
I'm assuming the outcome would have been the same for-

840
00:48:19,000 --> 00:48:19,720
A pretty horrible thing.

841
00:48:19,720 --> 00:48:22,280
We call him Stumpf or Stumpf?

842
00:48:22,280 --> 00:48:25,480
I called him Peter Stumpf just because it's easier for me to pronounce.

843
00:48:25,480 --> 00:48:26,760
It makes a lot more sense.

844
00:48:26,760 --> 00:48:30,040
You gotta wonder why did he confess if he didn't?

845
00:48:30,040 --> 00:48:31,960
Because he was going to die either way.

846
00:48:31,960 --> 00:48:33,160
That got him a little more time.

847
00:48:33,160 --> 00:48:34,760
Okay, yeah, I guess.

848
00:48:34,760 --> 00:48:37,320
Unless he really actually did all that stuff then.

849
00:48:37,320 --> 00:48:37,800
Yeah.

850
00:48:37,800 --> 00:48:38,200
Okay.

851
00:48:38,200 --> 00:48:41,240
I think we're safe ruling it out, but okay.

852
00:48:41,240 --> 00:48:42,760
Ruling out that he was a werewolf?

853
00:48:42,760 --> 00:48:43,160
Yeah.

854
00:48:43,160 --> 00:48:44,280
No, he admitted to it.

855
00:48:44,280 --> 00:48:45,160
Okay, fair enough.

856
00:48:45,160 --> 00:48:48,440
Why they didn't just use tricks of the werewolf trade, I don't know.

857
00:48:48,440 --> 00:48:48,920
It actually-

858
00:48:48,920 --> 00:48:49,720
Yeah, he could have-

859
00:48:49,720 --> 00:48:53,240
It didn't come up a lot like how to ward off werewolves like traditionally.

860
00:48:53,240 --> 00:48:55,000
That might be a different episode at some point.

861
00:48:55,000 --> 00:48:58,040
We might just do a cryptid protection 101 episode.

862
00:48:58,040 --> 00:48:59,160
Oh, that's a good one.

863
00:48:59,160 --> 00:49:00,520
Okay, I'm making note right now.

864
00:49:00,520 --> 00:49:04,120
Okay, and this one, I just love this case.

865
00:49:04,120 --> 00:49:09,320
This is the worst witness testimony I have ever seen.

866
00:49:09,320 --> 00:49:10,840
I have read a lot of cases.

867
00:49:10,840 --> 00:49:14,040
This is by far the worst witness I have ever seen.

868
00:49:14,040 --> 00:49:15,400
You've got my attention.

869
00:49:15,400 --> 00:49:18,600
And this man is known as Fies of Keltenbrug.

870
00:49:18,600 --> 00:49:23,400
In 1691, the judges of Jurgensberg, a town in Swedish Slavonia,

871
00:49:23,400 --> 00:49:27,480
brought before them an octogenarian known as Fies of Keltenbrug,

872
00:49:27,480 --> 00:49:31,480
believing him to be a witness in a case regarding a church robbery.

873
00:49:31,480 --> 00:49:37,320
So remember this, he is here to talk to a judge about a robbery that happened at a church.

874
00:49:37,320 --> 00:49:37,800
Okay.

875
00:49:37,800 --> 00:49:41,480
They were aware of the fact that local people considered him to be a werewolf

876
00:49:41,480 --> 00:49:43,480
who had consorted with the devil,

877
00:49:43,480 --> 00:49:46,280
but they initially had little interest in such allegations,

878
00:49:46,280 --> 00:49:48,840
which were unrelated to the case at hand.

879
00:49:48,840 --> 00:49:51,960
Nonetheless, although it had no bearing on the case,

880
00:49:51,960 --> 00:49:55,320
Fies freely admitted to the judges that he had once been a werewolf,

881
00:49:55,320 --> 00:49:57,800
but claimed to have given it up 10 years previous.

882
00:49:58,360 --> 00:50:01,480
Fies proceeded to offer them an account of lycanthropy

883
00:50:01,480 --> 00:50:04,840
that differed significantly from traditional view of the werewolf,

884
00:50:04,840 --> 00:50:08,200
then prevalent in Northern Germany and the Baltic countries.

885
00:50:08,200 --> 00:50:12,120
Fies told the judges of how 10 years previously in 1681,

886
00:50:12,120 --> 00:50:17,080
he had also appeared in court when he had accused a farmer from Lemberg of breaking his nose.

887
00:50:17,080 --> 00:50:21,800
According to the story that he had then told, he had traveled down to hell as a wolf,

888
00:50:21,800 --> 00:50:24,600
where the farmer who was practicing satanic witchcraft

889
00:50:24,600 --> 00:50:28,280
had beat him on the nose with a broomstick decorated with horse tails.

890
00:50:28,280 --> 00:50:31,800
At the time, the judges refused to believe his story and laughed him out of court,

891
00:50:31,800 --> 00:50:35,640
but one of the judges did verify that his nose had indeed been broken.

892
00:50:35,640 --> 00:50:40,120
This time, the judges of Jürgensberg decided to take his claims more seriously,

893
00:50:40,120 --> 00:50:42,680
and trying to establish if he was mad or insane,

894
00:50:42,680 --> 00:50:46,760
they asked several individuals in the court who knew Fies if he was of sound mind.

895
00:50:46,760 --> 00:50:50,200
They relayed as far as they knew his common sense had never failed him.

896
00:50:50,200 --> 00:50:53,720
These individuals also related that Fies' status in the local community

897
00:50:53,720 --> 00:50:57,880
had actually increased since he had run in with the law back in 1681.

898
00:50:57,880 --> 00:50:59,000
Isn't that concerning?

899
00:50:59,000 --> 00:51:01,640
Like, keep in mind, I just need to state this again,

900
00:51:01,640 --> 00:51:04,600
they were asking him about a church robbery and he just says,

901
00:51:04,600 --> 00:51:09,720
yeah, yeah, I don't do werewolf stuff anymore, not since 10 years ago.

902
00:51:10,360 --> 00:51:12,520
And they're probably like, that's great.

903
00:51:12,520 --> 00:51:15,160
Anyhow, this money that went missing from the church,

904
00:51:15,160 --> 00:51:18,920
yeah, yeah, it's all because back when I went down to hell to fight that guy,

905
00:51:19,560 --> 00:51:23,000
and he hit me on the nose and you guys just refused to do anything about it.

906
00:51:24,200 --> 00:51:27,400
Fies claimed that on the night of St. Lucia's Day,

907
00:51:27,400 --> 00:51:30,600
and also on the night of Pentecost and St. John's Day,

908
00:51:30,600 --> 00:51:34,520
he and other werewolves transformed from their human bodies into wolves.

909
00:51:34,520 --> 00:51:36,760
When questioned further on how this occurred,

910
00:51:36,760 --> 00:51:39,880
Fies initially claimed that they did so by putting on wolves' pelts,

911
00:51:39,880 --> 00:51:42,600
claiming that he had originally obtained his from a farmer,

912
00:51:42,600 --> 00:51:45,880
but that several years before he had passed it on to someone else.

913
00:51:45,880 --> 00:51:50,040
When the judges asked him to identify these individuals, he changed his story,

914
00:51:50,040 --> 00:51:53,480
claiming that he and other werewolves simply went into the bushes,

915
00:51:53,480 --> 00:51:55,880
undressed, and then transformed into wolves.

916
00:51:56,760 --> 00:51:58,440
I love that.

917
00:51:58,440 --> 00:52:02,360
Oh yeah, yeah, this farmer gave me this wolf pelt and we were able to transform it to wolves,

918
00:52:02,360 --> 00:52:05,000
but I didn't need to do it anymore, so I gave the pelt away.

919
00:52:05,000 --> 00:52:07,160
Wait, so which farmer? And who'd you give it to?

920
00:52:07,160 --> 00:52:09,160
Wait, no, no, we just got naked.

921
00:52:10,680 --> 00:52:13,720
But his neighbors say that he's of complete sound mind.

922
00:52:14,920 --> 00:52:17,400
And his common sense doesn't fail him.

923
00:52:17,400 --> 00:52:21,640
Yes. Following this, Fies related that he and the other werewolves

924
00:52:21,640 --> 00:52:25,960
wandered around local farms and ripped apart any farm animals that came across

925
00:52:25,960 --> 00:52:28,040
before roasting the meat and devouring it.

926
00:52:28,040 --> 00:52:33,640
When the judge inquired how wolves could roast meat, Fies told them that at this point they

927
00:52:33,640 --> 00:52:38,840
were still in human form and they liked to add salt to their food but never add any bread.

928
00:52:38,840 --> 00:52:40,760
Judge asked the important question.

929
00:52:42,200 --> 00:52:45,160
He's not putting an end to it, he's just, no, prodding it.

930
00:52:47,080 --> 00:52:51,960
Fies also told the judges of how he had become a werewolf, explaining that he had once become

931
00:52:51,960 --> 00:52:57,000
a beggar and that one day a rascal had drunk a toast to him, thereby giving him the ability

932
00:52:57,000 --> 00:53:01,800
to transform into a wolf. He furthermore related that he could pass on his ability

933
00:53:01,800 --> 00:53:06,200
to someone else by toasting them, breathing into the jug three times and proclaiming,

934
00:53:06,200 --> 00:53:10,760
you will become like, if the other individual then took the jug, they would become a werewolf.

935
00:53:10,760 --> 00:53:15,560
But Fies claimed that he was yet to find anyone ready to take over the role of

936
00:53:15,560 --> 00:53:20,120
canthrope from him. Keeping in mind he had earlier said it was from the pelt.

937
00:53:20,920 --> 00:53:23,720
His common sense is definitely not failing you.

938
00:53:23,720 --> 00:53:30,120
No, this done. Fies related that the wolves traveled to a place that was located beyond the

939
00:53:30,120 --> 00:53:35,480
sea. This spot was a swamp near Lemberg, about a half mile away from the estate of the court's

940
00:53:35,480 --> 00:53:41,000
chairman. Here they entered into hell, where they battled both the devil and malevolent witches who

941
00:53:41,000 --> 00:53:46,360
were loyal to him. Beating them with long iron rods, chasing them like dogs, Fies furthermore

942
00:53:46,360 --> 00:53:50,840
told the judges that werewolves cannot tolerate the devil and that they were the hounds of God.

943
00:53:50,840 --> 00:53:56,760
The judges of Juergensburg were confused, asking Fies why the werewolves traveled to hell if they

944
00:53:56,760 --> 00:54:02,600
hated the devil. He responded by telling them that he and his brethren had to go on their journey

945
00:54:02,600 --> 00:54:07,400
in order to bring back the livestock grains and fruits of the earth which had been stolen by the

946
00:54:07,400 --> 00:54:13,160
witches. If they failed in their tasks, Fies opined, then that year's harvest would be bad.

947
00:54:13,160 --> 00:54:17,800
He told them now how the previous year he had traveled to hell as a werewolf and that he had

948
00:54:17,800 --> 00:54:23,800
managed to carry as much barley, oats, and rye as he could carry away to earth in order to ensure a

949
00:54:23,800 --> 00:54:30,360
bountiful harvest. Here the judges noted inconsistencies in Fies' claims. He had earlier

950
00:54:30,360 --> 00:54:35,160
asserted that he had abandoned his life as a werewolf ten years previously, but here he

951
00:54:35,160 --> 00:54:40,760
admitted that he had traveled to hell the previous year. Under scrutiny, Fies admitted that he had

952
00:54:40,760 --> 00:54:48,760
lied in his former claim. The Juergensburg judges then asked Fies where the souls of werewolves

953
00:54:48,760 --> 00:54:52,840
went when they died and he responded that they would go to heaven, plus the souls of witches

954
00:54:52,840 --> 00:54:56,680
would go to hell. The judges then questioned this, asking how it was possible for the werewolf

955
00:54:56,680 --> 00:55:01,000
soul to go to heaven if they were servants of the devil. Once more, Fies reiterated that werewolves

956
00:55:01,000 --> 00:55:05,160
were not servants of the devil but God and that they undertook their nocturnal journey to hell

957
00:55:05,160 --> 00:55:11,800
for the good of mankind. I'm also quite upset that they didn't question like this guy was devouring

958
00:55:11,800 --> 00:55:17,160
livestock yet he's going to hell to save the livestock for a bountiful harvest. Yeah no,

959
00:55:17,160 --> 00:55:21,480
I'm quite enjoying- Like these judges seem to have the good questions. They missed that. They have

960
00:55:21,480 --> 00:55:28,600
really good questions. My favorite was how do wolves roast meat? Yeah. I really wish he would

961
00:55:28,600 --> 00:55:32,920
have changed his story at that point, which I guess he kind of did. He's like, oh no, we're human there.

962
00:55:32,920 --> 00:55:40,760
After listening to his count of nocturnal travels to hell, the judges became concerned as to whether

963
00:55:40,760 --> 00:55:45,720
Fies was a devout Lutheran or not and so asked him if he attended church regularly, listened to

964
00:55:45,720 --> 00:55:50,600
God's words regularly, prayed, and partook of the Lord's Supper. Fies replied that he did none of

965
00:55:50,600 --> 00:55:56,840
these things, claiming that he was too old to understand. It was later revealed that aside

966
00:55:56,840 --> 00:56:01,480
from his nocturnal journeys, Fies practiced folk magic for members of the local community acting

967
00:56:01,480 --> 00:56:06,760
as a healer and a charmer. He was known to bless grain and horses and also knew charms designed to

968
00:56:06,760 --> 00:56:11,960
ward off wolves and to stop bleeding. One of these charms involved administering blessed salt and

969
00:56:11,960 --> 00:56:17,160
warm beer while reciting the words, sun and moon go over the sea, fetch back the soul that the devil

970
00:56:17,160 --> 00:56:22,840
had taken to hell and give the cattle back life and health which was taken from them. Nowhere did

971
00:56:22,840 --> 00:56:28,360
the charm invoke or mention the power of God. For the judges, this blessing was seen as a criminal

972
00:56:28,360 --> 00:56:33,800
offense because it encourages clients to turn away from Christianity and so they sentenced Fies to

973
00:56:33,800 --> 00:56:39,400
be flogged and banished for life. It's almost like they were fishing for him to say something like

974
00:56:39,400 --> 00:56:45,720
that. Yeah, why he had to travel to hell if he wasn't Christian in any way or you know he had

975
00:56:45,720 --> 00:56:52,120
to have known at that time. Just say oh yeah yeah devout Lutheran sure but like used to be a werewolf.

976
00:56:52,120 --> 00:56:57,320
Oh no after this story he couldn't have just said he was a devout Lutheran. Wouldn't make sense.

977
00:56:57,320 --> 00:57:03,240
Simply brought in questioned about money going missing from the church. He gets banished. Did

978
00:57:03,240 --> 00:57:09,240
he actually say anything relation to the missing? I have no idea that part did not make the Wikipedia

979
00:57:09,240 --> 00:57:15,960
page. So yeah that is my favorite werewolf trial. That's now my favorite werewolf sorry.

980
00:57:15,960 --> 00:57:23,240
These the werewolf who got banished for not practicing the Lutheranism. At least with that

981
00:57:23,240 --> 00:57:28,600
court case it didn't become that now werewolves are like altar boys. Yeah fair enough. Because

982
00:57:28,600 --> 00:57:34,280
they're so close with God. Well that is the common history of this culturally. Once again I have to

983
00:57:34,280 --> 00:57:39,480
invoke the name Bram Stroker. Not made famous from the elephant shows Sharon Lois and Bram. For those

984
00:57:39,480 --> 00:57:46,360
of you that are well versed in your early 90s Canadian weekend child tv you're welcome for that

985
00:57:46,360 --> 00:57:53,000
one. But Bram Stroker in her 1897 novel Dracula and the short story Dracula's Guest. She drew

986
00:57:53,000 --> 00:57:57,880
on early mythology of werewolves and similar legends of demons and she's known as the voice

987
00:57:57,880 --> 00:58:03,080
of anxieties for the age. In Dracula's Guest a band of military horsemen coming to the aid of

988
00:58:03,080 --> 00:58:08,280
the protagonist chase off Dracula and depict him as a great wolf stating the only way to kill it is

989
00:58:08,280 --> 00:58:13,000
with a sacred bullet. This also mentioned the main novel Dracula as well. Count Dracula stated in the

990
00:58:13,000 --> 00:58:18,680
novel that legend of werewolves originated from his Zakeli racial bloodline who himself is also

991
00:58:18,680 --> 00:58:23,080
depicted with the ability to shape shift into a wolf at will during the night but is unable to

992
00:58:23,080 --> 00:58:28,040
do so during the day except at noon. That's really where the idea of silver bullets at least comes

993
00:58:28,040 --> 00:58:35,000
from in the modern age for how to kill a werewolf. There are of course things that end up being fairly

994
00:58:35,000 --> 00:58:40,840
close to werewolves but not quite werewolves. There's the whole idea of Dogman which is its own

995
00:58:40,840 --> 00:58:46,760
can of worms and has really weird politics and controversies in the podcast community of Dogman.

996
00:58:46,760 --> 00:58:52,680
I follow its reddit page and it is weird. We might do a Dogman episode in the future. It is not this.

997
00:58:52,680 --> 00:58:58,520
It has close ties with Bigfoots in a lot of areas. Frankly actually in a lot of cases where people

998
00:58:58,520 --> 00:59:04,840
are claiming werewolves cryptozoologists or people that are studying it or looking into it tend to

999
00:59:04,840 --> 00:59:10,760
look at it more as a Bigfoot sighting to avoid the paranormal side of it. Yes of course. There are

1000
00:59:10,760 --> 00:59:15,800
still werewolf sightings to this day depending on how you really look at what a werewolf is.

1001
00:59:15,800 --> 00:59:21,960
There is in Wisconsin it's the Beast of Bray Road also known as Man Wolf, Bear Wolf. It is said to

1002
00:59:21,960 --> 00:59:27,000
be six feet tall with gray and brown fur. Its face resembles that of a wolf with shiny yellow eyes

1003
00:59:27,000 --> 00:59:31,880
and pointed ears. Its body though furry looks like a muscular man. The creature is said to run and

1004
00:59:31,880 --> 00:59:37,240
walk on all four of its legs or just its hind legs and has been spied sitting on its haunches and

1005
00:59:37,240 --> 00:59:41,720
kneeling like a man. Some researchers consider the Beast of Bray Road to be identical to a kind of

1006
00:59:41,720 --> 00:59:47,080
Wisconsin Bigfoot that locals call the Bluff Monster or just Eddie. Others include that it may

1007
00:59:47,080 --> 00:59:51,720
be a Wendigo. We'll probably do an episode on that later or you know just simply Wolf, Bear,

1008
00:59:51,720 --> 00:59:57,800
Large Feral Dog. This is some sightings of the Beast of Bray Road. This one takes place in 1936

1009
00:59:57,800 --> 01:00:03,720
location just Jefferson County Wisconsin. Mark Shackleman was driving along Highway 18 just

1010
01:00:03,720 --> 01:00:07,800
outside of Jefferson Wisconsin when he noticed someone digging in a field off the side of the

1011
01:00:07,800 --> 01:00:11,800
road. The site was a location where a Native American burial ground was believed to be.

1012
01:00:11,800 --> 01:00:17,720
When Shackleman slowed down to get a better look the man turned around and faced him. It turns out

1013
01:00:17,720 --> 01:00:21,880
that it was a hairy creature that stood on two legs which Shackleman described as looking like

1014
01:00:21,880 --> 01:00:27,800
a mix between an ape and a dog. The creature had the general shape of a large man with opposable

1015
01:00:27,800 --> 01:00:32,040
thumbs and everything. Shackleman drove off in a hurry but remained curious about the creature. The

1016
01:00:32,040 --> 01:00:37,080
next night he drove past the same area hoping to see the creature. He did. This time the man

1017
01:00:37,080 --> 01:00:41,560
beast growled at him in a way that sounded eerily human making the sound that he described as

1018
01:00:41,560 --> 01:00:47,640
gada rah. Shackleman freaked out and the creature ran off. This being the most famous of the sightings

1019
01:00:47,640 --> 01:00:54,360
here coming up happened in 1999 in Elkhorn Wisconsin. It was the night of Halloween 1999

1020
01:00:54,360 --> 01:01:00,280
an 18 year old woman named Doris Dean Gibson was driving home on Bray Road when her car suddenly

1021
01:01:00,280 --> 01:01:04,760
jerked as if she had hit something. She got out of the car and walked back along the road straining

1022
01:01:04,760 --> 01:01:10,680
to see. Then she caught sight of what she had hit. A huge dark hairy figure began rushing towards

1023
01:01:10,680 --> 01:01:16,040
her. Gibson ran back into her car and began to drive away. The beast reportedly jumped up onto

1024
01:01:16,040 --> 01:01:21,080
the trunk of the car but due to the wetness of the rain cover car it could not hold on and it

1025
01:01:21,080 --> 01:01:25,720
fell to the ground. Gibson said she drove back to the location that same night with a young trick

1026
01:01:25,720 --> 01:01:30,120
or treater and they both saw a large figure laying on the side of the road. They did not stay long.

1027
01:01:30,120 --> 01:01:34,520
Gibson reported the sighting the next day which is what brought the other witnesses to share their

1028
01:01:34,520 --> 01:01:38,680
tales. At this point no one was sure what the creature was so they dubbed it the Bray Road

1029
01:01:38,680 --> 01:01:43,080
Beast. There were many sightings in the year of 1999 apparently. There's been a ton of sightings

1030
01:01:43,080 --> 01:01:47,640
so I had to kind of like pick and choose as I went. The most recent of which happened in 2017

1031
01:01:47,640 --> 01:01:54,200
Ron Rice a fertilizer salesman was dropping off fertilizer on a routine trip in May of 2017

1032
01:01:54,200 --> 01:01:59,160
when he was sitting in his truck in broad daylight. He looked into the distance about 150 feet he

1033
01:01:59,160 --> 01:02:03,720
thinks and a figure caught his eye. The thing was huge it was over seven feet tall Rice said. It was

1034
01:02:03,720 --> 01:02:08,520
brown and hairy and had coarse hair. It walked out and picked something up and then turned its back

1035
01:02:08,520 --> 01:02:13,160
towards me and went back into the woods. Two weeks later Rice said he saw the beast again and again

1036
01:02:13,160 --> 01:02:18,520
it walked out of the woods and quickly returned. Probably not a werewolf but commonly people call

1037
01:02:18,520 --> 01:02:22,920
it a werewolf online so I just wanted to get that. I could see why you would think that I mean

1038
01:02:23,560 --> 01:02:29,560
wolf-like walking on two legs sometimes. But yeah that gives you a brief overview. Obviously that

1039
01:02:29,560 --> 01:02:36,360
was just from a Eurocentric point of view. There are similar folktales and creatures both vampiric

1040
01:02:36,360 --> 01:02:43,480
and lycanthropic in nature in Asia, Africa, the Native Americas. I was gonna ask you that. We had

1041
01:02:43,480 --> 01:02:49,240
to cut that off at some point so that's that's how I feel. They have them though too in like Asia.

1042
01:02:49,240 --> 01:02:54,280
That might be an episode for a future one maybe international. That would be a good one. Oh yeah I'm gonna

1043
01:02:54,280 --> 01:02:59,000
I'm gonna keep the mystery there and I think this is also where we're going to stop this episode.

1044
01:02:59,000 --> 01:03:05,320
For those of you listening on Halloween day enjoy your evening. Should you hit anything with your car

1045
01:03:05,320 --> 01:03:11,000
just keep driving. Worst case scenario actually yeah. Best case scenario it's I don't know maybe

1046
01:03:11,000 --> 01:03:17,800
a poorly lit up or a safety covered trick-or-treater. Worst case scenario it's the Beast of Bray Road.

1047
01:03:17,800 --> 01:03:22,280
So you know either way just keep going. Is that worst case scenario? I don't know which one's

1048
01:03:22,280 --> 01:03:27,480
actually the worst case scenario in that one. So far hitting the Beast of Bray Road seems to have a

1049
01:03:27,480 --> 01:03:33,400
100 survival rate and no court case is brought against you. Okay fair enough. Well no no that's

1050
01:03:33,400 --> 01:03:40,040
not worse. I think that's best case scenario. Anyhow you enjoy your candy or your scares the

1051
01:03:40,040 --> 01:03:44,360
haunting season. I have been Taylor here with Chelsea. We are Journey to the Fringe. Thank you

1052
01:03:44,360 --> 01:03:54,520
all for listening and we will see you next week. Thank you for listening to Journey to the Fringe.

1053
01:03:54,520 --> 01:04:01,720
If you have liked what you have listened to please like, share, subscribe, or follow depending on what

1054
01:04:01,720 --> 01:04:08,200
venue you are listening to us through. Also please if possible leave a five star review as that really

1055
01:04:08,200 --> 01:04:13,320
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1056
01:04:13,320 --> 01:04:18,760
social media of choice. I bet you we are there. And if you really want to communicate with us and

1057
01:04:18,760 --> 01:04:23,720
give us ideas for new episodes or tell us that we're wrong and terrible either way please send

1058
01:04:23,720 --> 01:04:34,760
us an email at journeytothefringe.gmail.com. For now I'll see you in the next episode.