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Welcome to this curated educational transcript of the Joe Rogan Experience. In this session, we provide a deep-dive examination of the critical perspectives and historical dialogues presented in Episode #1658. Our mission is to offer a high-fidelity, searchable research resource for students of cultural history, emerging technology, and global discourse. This transcript has been specifically optimized for academic reference, linguistic study, and archival preservation regarding Astrophysics, Cosmic Perspective, and Scientific Literacy in the 21st Century. Joe Rogan podcast. Check it out. The Joe Rogan

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experience. Train by day. Joe Rogan podcast by

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night. All day. Oh, yeah. How much time do you

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spend looking at random leaves on television

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shows to recognize that it's a fake pattern,

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not created by the wind? No, I just, you know,

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you look at. Scenes from Walking Dead, and they

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enter this deserted town, as so many towns are

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when zombies take over. And the leaves, you know,

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the autumn leaves are evenly spread in the streets

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and the sidewalks. And I'm thinking, some set

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designer did that thinking that this is what

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leaves do in the breeze. But that's not what

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they do. They collect. They circulate. They're

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like eddies in the air currents that will collect

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them in one place and not the other. So we think

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if something's random that it's evenly spread.

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But in fact, there are many more collected elements

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in something that's random than we typically

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think. So I'm looking at your new ceiling here

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in Austin, Texas. And your star is beautiful,

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by the way. Thank you. Nice things you got here.

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Thank you. But the stars are, the lights are

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kind of evenly spread on the sky. Yeah, they

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don't look real. So that's how, and plus, you

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know, you could have thrown at least a constellation

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up there or something. You know what I should

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do? I should get someone to make me one and make

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one and just imitate the Milky Way. That'd be

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beautiful. Right. That'd be beautiful. And I'll

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be happy to certify it. No, I'm scared. You give

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me a call. I'm scared. I'm all in. I don't think

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you will certify it. I think it would be a real

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problem. I think it would be a genuine issue.

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So how you doing, Joe? I'm doing good. How you

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doing? Yeah. Austin is an old haunt of mine.

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Is it? Yeah, I met my wife here. I got my master's

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at UT Austin. My wife got her Ph .D. in mathematical

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physics there. And I finished my Ph .D. in Columbia

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in New York City. But we spent six years here,

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long ago. I love it here. We were here when Austin,

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Texas had six gates at the airport. Wow. And

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there was never more than one other car in front

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of you at a red light. Just picture that. A lot

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of folks remember that, apparently, and they're

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very upset. I would be totally pissed off. The

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traffic here is still adorable. Adorable. It's

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ridiculous, cute traffic, and the people are

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so nice. It's just a completely different vibe

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from Los Angeles. So I miss you, man. I miss

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you, too. Good to see you're still at it. I'm

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still at it. I'm still doing the thing. a few

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of your shows and I said, you know, we can bring

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some deep philosophical thought back because

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I know that's a big part of you, right? Occasionally.

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No, it's in you. It's in you. When I'm talking

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to the right people. Oh, okay. Yeah, like you.

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Oh, okay. Yeah, it comes out. It comes out. Good.

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I've been meaning to talk to you. I've been wanting

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to talk to you quite a bit. What do you got?

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Well, all these UFO disclosures. Yeah. You're

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like one of the first guys that I want to talk

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to because you always have a skeptical... inquisitive

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perspective on these things. You're not necessarily

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dismissive, but you're not willing to just adopt

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this narrative that we're being visited by UFOs

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from another planet. By the way, let's start

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with the military. If there are glowing lights

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in the sky and we don't know what it is, i they

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damn sure better look into it right we give them

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folks 700 billion dollars make some percentage

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of that budget to check out the possible threat

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of things we don't understand i used to think

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that was a lot of money until i found out that

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los angeles spent a billion dollars on the homeless

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every year their budget for the homeless budget

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okay a billion and they're not doing all right

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So when I look at the military getting $700 billion,

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is that what they get? Plus or minus. We need

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to give them more money. Clearly they need more

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money. Because if you can't fix the L .A. homeless

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situation with $1 billion, how are you going

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to protect us with $700 billion? Well, it's not

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the same agency charged with it. Are they better?

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They're better than the homeless people? No,

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I'm saying the mayor's office of Los Angeles

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or of Austin, right? Yeah, who's running what?

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I got in trouble this past February when the

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electricity went out in Texas and it was cold

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just a couple of months ago. What did you say?

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What did I say? I tweeted. I said, what did I

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say? I say, okay, right now NASA landed a rover

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on Mars with a helicopter, and this is at 120

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million miles away, controlling it, and it's

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on Mars where it's 100 degrees below zero. Meanwhile,

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Texas, where it's cold, has no electricity. So

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all I said was maybe NASA instead of politicians

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should run Texas. That seems pretty reasonable.

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Some people just lost their mind. But that's

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just because the power was out and people were

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freaking out already. Plus, I don't do what you.

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Advise me the last time. Post and drop? What's

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the phrase? Post and ghost. Post and ghost. Yeah.

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No, I always peek at what people are saying.

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I want to know. You are too popular. When you're

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too popular, people get mad at you. Oh, you know?

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Yeah. That's deep. And it doesn't necessarily

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have to make sense. But if enough people are

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angry and upset at their own lives and they just

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decide they're going to attack Neil deGrasse

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Tyson because he makes a poignant point. That's

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deep. Try to have you smile. about it a little

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I mean and plus Texas is no stranger to NASA.

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Houston, we have a problem. Houston, we have

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a problem. Yeah. I mean, come on. That was not

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addressed to the governor. It was addressed to

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NASA headquarters. Yeah. People are just too

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easy to get upset. And also, you're just dealing

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with the numbers are just unmanageable of people

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online. I mean, how many millions of people do

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you have on your Twitter page? 14 and a half

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million. Just imagine. It's a stupidly large

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number. I'm... I still don't understand it because

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I want to remind people every few days, you'd

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realize you're following an astrophysicist. There's

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still time to unfollow just in case this is something

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you did by accident. Yeah, but you're a different

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kind of astrophysicist. You're an entertaining

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educator, and that's so important because you

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make things fun. You make things fun while pointing

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out really important points, like really important

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things that we should probably understand about

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the way the universe works and physics. Thanks

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for thinking about it that way. I don't think

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about it that way. I think that the universe

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is inherently hilarious, and so I'm just sharing

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that hilarity with you. But what I also found

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is that when people smile, they learn better.

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Oh, for sure. Yeah, when they're less tense.

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Yeah, they're less tense, and there's a pleasing

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feeling that they had at a point when they learned

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something. And so that's got to work some kind

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of dopamine chemicals so that you say, well,

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I want to learn something again tomorrow. Yeah,

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I mean, Science educators are so important because

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so many people equate, whether it's mathematics

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or science or even history, they equate it with

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boredom, right? I think not only science but

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many academic subjects. And what's that song

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by Alice Cooper, Schools Out? Schools out for

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summer, schools out forever. This is an anthem

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for people who hate school. What else is that,

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right? And then I thought to myself. When you're

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in school, your only job is to learn. And for

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that to be a chore means something is wrong in

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that school. I'm not blaming the people who are

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throwing their notes in the air, running down

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the school steps. I'm blaming the system that's

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not making school fun and entertaining. And it

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should be a place where you are trained. to become

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a lifelong learner. Yeah. Where some infusion

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of curiosity, you get bitten by a curiosity bug.

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And then when you walk down the steps, you say,

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wait a minute. I don't want to leave school.

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I want to stay. Or if I have to leave school

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because I graduated, let me find other ways to

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continue to stay enlightened throughout my life.

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Otherwise, you get ossified in one way of thinking

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with one dimension of information or facts or

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insights. And then you're stuck there and you

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think that's the world and it's not. It's not,

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but let's put this into perspective. Think about

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the budget for the homeless. Think about the

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budget for the military. Now let's think about

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the budget that a school has to work with. And

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think about the fact that you have to take 40

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kids who may not have been paying attention most

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of their life, and then all of a sudden you catch

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them when they're 14. Good luck. I mean, you've

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got a lot of momentum. A lot of momentum behind

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them of them hating school. A lot of negative

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momentum. A lot of, like, maybe bored. We're

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disenfranchised teachers who've been teaching

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these kids. They're not into it. And then their

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hormones are kicking in, so they can't pay attention

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to anything anyway. It's easy for me to make

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these statements, but I'm not the one in the

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trenches there, especially in those middle schools

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where hormones are riding everything. Right when

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they start popping, the kids don't know what

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to do with them. Imagine your whole life. This

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is not the time to learn physics. I've got to

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worry about my body. And then just trying to

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get 40 kids or however many is in the typical

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classroom to pay attention to the same thing

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at the same time and to be interested in the

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same thing at the same time. There's a lot of

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intelligent kids that get left by the wayside

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because school, for whatever reason, doesn't

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jive with the way they learn things. It doesn't

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mean that they're not smart. I think we have

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similar. Each of us, you and I, have similar

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challenges in a theater audience, right? Now,

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you have the advantage that they're all fans,

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so they know where you're coming from when you

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do a stand -up routine. But still, there's 1

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,000 people or more who are different from each

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other. Some are old, some are young, some are

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left, some are right, you know, politically.

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And you thread that, and I think you thread it

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brilliantly. You get people with you. And you

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get them to want to listen to you. So part of

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what I glean from people's reactions to my Twitter

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posts is, was that how you thought about that?

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I didn't know that. Oh, you know, I thought what

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I posted was funny, but nobody laughed. That's

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useful information to me, okay? I want to know

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if I'm succeeding or not in what words I choose,

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what phrases, what ideas, what topics. And by

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the way, those touch points have evolved over

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the years. Done a purposeful experiment. I took

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an identical tweet and just retweeted it five

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years after I first did it. And reactions are

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different. Because of the time. The times have

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changed. That's correct. And so if I want to

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stay effective as an educator, first, I will

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never want them to meet me at the chalkboard.

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or whatever boards are made of today. Because

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what is that? Okay, you're a professor. Professor

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Neil is facing the chalkboard, drawing on the

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board, and you either get him or you don't. Okay?

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But that person cannot claim to be an educator.

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The educator is someone who faces the audience

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and wants to know, how is your brain wired for

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thought? And if I know that, I have a chance

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of shaping knowledge, information, insight. in

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ways that can best be received by your receptors.

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And, yes, if it's a mixture, so you dance a little

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bit. You put out some feelers in this way. So

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if I have an audience and some of them are over

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75, look for the silver -haired folks, they'll

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remember, you know, the later stages of the Second

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World War and early stages of the Cold War. I'll

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throw in a reference just for them. You know,

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the 20 -somethings won't know and they won't

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care. They probably won't even get it. But I'll

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go buy it quickly enough that I offer the other

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community demographic in the audience something

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else. And this is my way. Maybe it's a tennis

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match. I'm hitting the ball back and forth to

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different people. And that way I can take this

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body of knowledge that is the universe and have

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everybody share in it. Otherwise, I don't know

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that I can claim to be an educator. Well, you

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certainly can claim to be an educator, but maybe

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you're not making the best use of your particular

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abilities. Your particular abilities that are

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unique to you are your humor and your fun, your

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jovial, along with being deep and philosophical

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and talking about very heavy things. I found

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that matters. People, like I said, people like.

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To smile. Yeah, like silliness. Yeah. You're

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a silly dude. It's fun. I mean, for a guy who

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talks about... I guess I'll take this as a compliment.

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Yes, it is a compliment. For a guy who talks

00:13:11.720 --> 00:13:13.960
about, like, really intense subjects, you know,

00:13:13.980 --> 00:13:17.600
the nature of infinity. Yeah. And different kinds

00:13:17.600 --> 00:13:19.700
of infinities. Oh, you remember that? Yeah, I

00:13:19.700 --> 00:13:21.159
remember everything. Some infinities are bigger

00:13:21.159 --> 00:13:23.200
than other infinities. Yeah, which is what? What

00:13:23.200 --> 00:13:25.539
are you saying? I'm not going to let you get

00:13:25.539 --> 00:13:27.220
away with this alien thing, though. Oh, no. Bring

00:13:27.220 --> 00:13:28.820
it back. No, bring it back. Bring it back to

00:13:28.820 --> 00:13:30.440
this alien thing. Damn, I thought I could. So...

00:13:31.360 --> 00:13:35.820
It's weird to me that now the Pentagon is saying

00:13:35.820 --> 00:13:37.899
that these are real videos that they've captured

00:13:37.899 --> 00:13:42.259
off of naval vessels and they've been hovering

00:13:42.259 --> 00:13:44.259
over defense systems and they don't know what

00:13:44.259 --> 00:13:46.259
they are. They don't know how they operate. There's

00:13:46.259 --> 00:13:49.539
a film that was released recently by Jeremy Corbell

00:13:49.539 --> 00:13:51.840
that also came from the Navy where it shows one

00:13:51.840 --> 00:13:55.139
that's a transmedium device. It actually flies

00:13:55.139 --> 00:13:57.620
through the air and then goes into the water.

00:13:58.240 --> 00:14:00.980
And this is being filmed. That's how they interpreted

00:14:00.980 --> 00:14:03.539
the information that was in front of them. Exactly.

00:14:03.659 --> 00:14:06.740
Just to be clear. Yes. But it did go in the water.

00:14:07.440 --> 00:14:09.320
There's a film of it actually going in the water.

00:14:09.379 --> 00:14:10.960
And they talk about it splashing down. They're

00:14:10.960 --> 00:14:12.399
monitoring it. Well, they talked about there

00:14:12.399 --> 00:14:15.419
was a. White caps where they think it was submerged,

00:14:15.679 --> 00:14:17.759
I think. Wasn't that the description? Well, we

00:14:17.759 --> 00:14:19.720
could see it. It actually went underwater, and

00:14:19.720 --> 00:14:21.240
then they went to look for it, and they couldn't

00:14:21.240 --> 00:14:24.000
find it. They used a submarine. They used sonar.

00:14:24.320 --> 00:14:26.000
They don't know what it is. Yeah, so I hope they

00:14:26.000 --> 00:14:27.659
keep checking to find out what it is. Yeah, it

00:14:27.659 --> 00:14:28.940
would be nice to know what that is. Oh, yeah.

00:14:29.200 --> 00:14:31.279
Something that can travel through the sky and

00:14:31.279 --> 00:14:33.200
also goes through the ocean. That's pretty crazy.

00:14:33.200 --> 00:14:35.879
I want the military to understand that signal

00:14:35.879 --> 00:14:39.470
they're getting on their equipment. Because there's

00:14:39.470 --> 00:14:42.350
equipment between you and what's going on, typically,

00:14:42.450 --> 00:14:46.730
when it's sort of Navy sensors and trackers and

00:14:46.730 --> 00:14:49.850
that sort of thing. Other things are things people

00:14:49.850 --> 00:14:52.169
see in the sky with their own senses, right?

00:14:52.250 --> 00:14:54.309
Just the light in the sky, and it moves in ways

00:14:54.309 --> 00:14:58.370
they don't understand or can't explain. But a

00:14:58.370 --> 00:15:00.809
point I've made before, I'll just rehash it here.

00:15:01.309 --> 00:15:06.090
We live in a time where everyone is equipped.

00:15:06.750 --> 00:15:10.450
with a high -resolution color camera and video

00:15:10.450 --> 00:15:14.350
recorder. Basically everyone. And if you run

00:15:14.350 --> 00:15:16.370
the numbers on it, it's about, I got this from

00:15:16.370 --> 00:15:18.909
someone from Google, there's about 6 billion

00:15:18.909 --> 00:15:22.809
photos and videos uplifted to the Internet every

00:15:22.809 --> 00:15:26.509
day. And in that collection, you find really

00:15:26.509 --> 00:15:30.570
rare things that you only heard about or maybe

00:15:30.570 --> 00:15:32.509
you saw the results of, but you didn't actually

00:15:32.509 --> 00:15:37.669
see it happen. So there are videos of buses tumbling

00:15:37.669 --> 00:15:43.509
in the winds of a tornado. Now, in the aftermath

00:15:43.509 --> 00:15:46.330
of a tornado, there's a bus on its side, and

00:15:46.330 --> 00:15:49.049
so you knew wind took it there. But previously,

00:15:49.350 --> 00:15:51.669
no one is going to say, oh, that bus is about

00:15:51.669 --> 00:15:55.009
to lift into the air, Wizard of Oz style, like

00:15:55.009 --> 00:16:00.210
the house. Let me go in and get my movie camera

00:16:00.210 --> 00:16:03.009
and then come back out and shoot this. No one

00:16:03.009 --> 00:16:05.950
did that. If you did, you'd be stupid that you

00:16:05.950 --> 00:16:07.710
want to get the hell out of there. But everybody

00:16:07.710 --> 00:16:10.490
has a video camera. So we have images of this

00:16:10.490 --> 00:16:13.950
rare phenomenon, uncommon, hardly ever filmed,

00:16:14.070 --> 00:16:17.789
buses tumbling in the air. We have video footage

00:16:17.789 --> 00:16:22.070
of animals doing interesting things that we never

00:16:22.070 --> 00:16:25.750
had video recordings of. Like bears walking on

00:16:25.750 --> 00:16:28.669
two feet? Yeah, bears. And one of them right

00:16:28.669 --> 00:16:31.309
at a traffic cone. There's a video of that. It

00:16:31.309 --> 00:16:33.110
was just walking down the street. And there's

00:16:33.110 --> 00:16:35.840
a traffic cone. And it looked at it. It was tipped

00:16:35.840 --> 00:16:38.000
over and it righted it and it kept walking. And

00:16:38.000 --> 00:16:40.259
I'm thinking, wow, this is what bears do when

00:16:40.259 --> 00:16:42.340
we're not chasing them or when they're not chasing

00:16:42.340 --> 00:16:45.200
us. This is just a casual. They're mammals. They

00:16:45.200 --> 00:16:47.279
have large brains, you know, compared to any

00:16:47.279 --> 00:16:50.200
other kinds of. They're oddly playful, too. Yes,

00:16:50.200 --> 00:16:52.659
and they love people's backyard swimming pools,

00:16:52.720 --> 00:16:54.679
apparently. Yeah, and benches. You ever seen

00:16:54.679 --> 00:16:55.879
them on picnic benches? And they're just chilling

00:16:55.879 --> 00:16:58.460
on the bench. They lay on benches and roll around

00:16:58.460 --> 00:17:02.799
on picnic benches. Yeah. And in another case,

00:17:02.899 --> 00:17:06.059
I saw it was a magpie, one of these birds known

00:17:06.059 --> 00:17:11.539
for how smart it is. There is a full half -liter

00:17:11.539 --> 00:17:17.059
plastic thing of water. It was just water, okay?

00:17:17.690 --> 00:17:20.190
You know, a water bottle. And it was full. So

00:17:20.190 --> 00:17:22.349
the magpie goes over and sips out the water.

00:17:23.309 --> 00:17:26.049
Now, the beak is only, what, an inch and a half

00:17:26.049 --> 00:17:28.089
long or an inch at most? So it goes in until

00:17:28.089 --> 00:17:30.730
it can't reach the water anymore. So what does

00:17:30.730 --> 00:17:33.029
it do? It goes off to the side, gets a rock,

00:17:33.269 --> 00:17:38.990
just the right size, drops it into the water

00:17:38.990 --> 00:17:41.049
bottle. And raises the level of the water. Thereby

00:17:41.049 --> 00:17:43.890
displacing water. Here it is. That is heavy.

00:17:43.910 --> 00:17:47.900
There it is. And so it comes and it goes back

00:17:47.900 --> 00:17:51.880
and gets another stone, drops it in. And every

00:17:51.880 --> 00:17:54.500
time it drops it in, the water level rises and

00:17:54.500 --> 00:17:56.440
it can drink more water. And it keeps doing this.

00:17:56.640 --> 00:18:01.779
That's pretty amazing. Okay. And so every time

00:18:01.779 --> 00:18:05.079
we study animals, they're smarter than we ever

00:18:05.079 --> 00:18:09.079
thought they were. So maybe for our own ego,

00:18:09.279 --> 00:18:13.319
we kept building ourselves up. saying how separate

00:18:13.319 --> 00:18:15.640
and distinct we are as humans in the animal kingdom,

00:18:15.859 --> 00:18:18.619
when maybe we're not as separate and distinct

00:18:18.619 --> 00:18:24.799
as we think we are. So what's my broader point

00:18:24.799 --> 00:18:27.059
there that I was making? I just distracted myself.

00:18:27.059 --> 00:18:28.640
Something about UFOs? Yeah, I know. I was trying

00:18:28.640 --> 00:18:30.960
to get back to UFOs on that. The fact that we

00:18:30.960 --> 00:18:32.839
have high -resolution cameras in our pocket and

00:18:32.839 --> 00:18:34.500
we take videos of things that are very unusual.

00:18:34.660 --> 00:18:39.059
Exactly. So here's video of a magpie. doing Bernoulli

00:18:39.059 --> 00:18:43.140
experiments in a water bottle. Who would have

00:18:43.140 --> 00:18:46.059
known that even happened, right? Okay, you can't

00:18:46.059 --> 00:18:50.440
bring the bird into a lab, and maybe you could,

00:18:50.519 --> 00:18:52.299
but I don't know that anyone did. All right,

00:18:52.380 --> 00:18:56.500
here's my point. In the 1960s and 70s, there

00:18:56.500 --> 00:18:58.779
were many, many reports of alien abductions.

00:18:59.550 --> 00:19:01.670
People said, the aliens came to me and they brought

00:19:01.670 --> 00:19:03.730
me in and then they released me. Do you have

00:19:03.730 --> 00:19:06.190
any footage? No, they took my camera. Or no,

00:19:06.329 --> 00:19:09.509
they zapped my film and now there's no image

00:19:09.509 --> 00:19:11.390
on the film. But there were countless stories.

00:19:11.930 --> 00:19:17.150
Well, now you can stream live from your camera

00:19:17.150 --> 00:19:20.569
anything that's going on in front of you. So

00:19:20.569 --> 00:19:22.069
if the aliens come and they want to abduct you,

00:19:22.069 --> 00:19:25.710
you can stream it. That would be instantly viral.

00:19:26.690 --> 00:19:30.440
Oh, my gosh. You know, the stuff that goes viral

00:19:30.440 --> 00:19:33.980
is much less than that. A kitten that jumps to

00:19:33.980 --> 00:19:36.819
the table and falls, that goes viral? You don't

00:19:36.819 --> 00:19:39.900
think video footage of an alien is not going

00:19:39.900 --> 00:19:45.380
to go viral instantly? But there's none. So I'm

00:19:45.380 --> 00:19:48.880
just saying, I'm thinking, if we were being visited,

00:19:49.000 --> 00:19:51.779
somebody would have some good footage. If we

00:19:51.779 --> 00:19:54.539
were being visited... I'm thinking maybe Google

00:19:54.539 --> 00:19:57.839
satellite images would catch spaceships that

00:19:57.839 --> 00:20:01.440
are not airplanes moving on our surface. If we

00:20:01.440 --> 00:20:05.420
were being visited, I'm thinking we'd have something

00:20:05.420 --> 00:20:11.859
better than fuzzy monochromatic video. Of objects

00:20:11.859 --> 00:20:14.440
that apparently reveal themselves only to Navy

00:20:14.440 --> 00:20:17.839
pilots, right? One of the reasons is most of

00:20:17.839 --> 00:20:20.240
these sightings actually occur far offshore in

00:20:20.240 --> 00:20:23.240
the ocean. And the speculation is this is one

00:20:23.240 --> 00:20:25.619
of the ways. Obviously, I'm going to put my tinfoil

00:20:25.619 --> 00:20:27.539
hat on nice and tight. Do your thing. This is

00:20:27.539 --> 00:20:29.619
one of the ways that they monitor us. The best

00:20:29.619 --> 00:20:32.980
way to do it is to do it where they hold their

00:20:32.980 --> 00:20:35.680
base where no one is around, which is the ocean.

00:20:35.819 --> 00:20:37.440
No, that's not true. So they go in the ocean,

00:20:37.539 --> 00:20:39.180
they pop up, and they fly out. That's not true.

00:20:39.390 --> 00:20:40.609
What do you mean it's not true? It's not true.

00:20:40.809 --> 00:20:42.910
Yeah, nobody lives on the ocean. Yes, that's

00:20:42.910 --> 00:20:46.549
correct. In the ocean. Well, so, oh, it lives

00:20:46.549 --> 00:20:49.170
down under sea. This is what the speculation

00:20:49.170 --> 00:20:50.349
is. Oh, okay, it lives down under sea. That's

00:20:50.349 --> 00:20:53.369
why these transmedium devices have been, these

00:20:53.369 --> 00:20:56.269
transmedium crafts have been observed. If you

00:20:56.269 --> 00:20:58.730
want, if you are sure we are being visited by

00:20:58.730 --> 00:21:02.430
aliens and you don't actually have really good

00:21:02.430 --> 00:21:04.529
evidence, then you have to say that. Sure. Well,

00:21:04.690 --> 00:21:07.440
you know that. You have to say that. You have

00:21:07.440 --> 00:21:09.940
to say this is really happening and they're observing

00:21:09.940 --> 00:21:11.519
us and they're concealing themselves in this

00:21:11.519 --> 00:21:14.359
particular way. You have to say that. So that's

00:21:14.359 --> 00:21:20.240
your way to maintain your alien belief system

00:21:20.240 --> 00:21:24.319
by saying that. And I don't have a problem with

00:21:24.319 --> 00:21:28.180
it. Go get them. Go get them. But all of what

00:21:28.180 --> 00:21:31.450
has been put forth as evidence for aliens. to

00:21:31.450 --> 00:21:33.950
me, is insufficient evidence to excite my interest,

00:21:34.190 --> 00:21:37.150
my research interest, in devoting time to finding

00:21:37.150 --> 00:21:40.029
it out. But it definitely has excited other people.

00:21:40.130 --> 00:21:44.430
I have not stopped them. I am not saying defund

00:21:44.430 --> 00:21:48.690
the military program on UAPs, which of course

00:21:48.690 --> 00:21:51.029
is just... updated UFO. I know, they like to

00:21:51.029 --> 00:21:52.930
say that now because there's like a stigma to

00:21:52.930 --> 00:21:56.549
UFO. I know, that's just, that's a really transparent...

00:21:56.549 --> 00:21:58.049
Sneaky way of doing it. No, no, it's not even

00:21:58.049 --> 00:22:00.289
sneaky. It's actually, I think it's embarrassing.

00:22:00.609 --> 00:22:03.329
It's like, maybe if we call them UAPs... People

00:22:03.329 --> 00:22:04.450
will take them seriously. People will take them

00:22:04.450 --> 00:22:06.670
seriously. I'm of the belief that they're probably

00:22:06.670 --> 00:22:09.670
akin to what we did on Mars. I don't think...

00:22:09.819 --> 00:22:11.960
there's aliens in them. I have a feeling that

00:22:11.960 --> 00:22:14.420
these things are probes. And I feel like if you

00:22:14.420 --> 00:22:16.799
just think about biological entities flying through

00:22:16.799 --> 00:22:19.380
the universe, why do that? When you have sophisticated

00:22:19.380 --> 00:22:22.299
technology that's good enough right now from

00:22:22.299 --> 00:22:26.200
our... relatively primitive in consideration

00:22:26.200 --> 00:22:28.920
of what we think is possible a million years

00:22:28.920 --> 00:22:30.940
from now, right? But we could send that Mars

00:22:30.940 --> 00:22:33.980
rover around. We have a helicopter on Mars. I

00:22:33.980 --> 00:22:36.539
mean, there's multiple satellites flying through

00:22:36.539 --> 00:22:39.220
the universe right now taking images. We can

00:22:39.220 --> 00:22:43.460
do all that. Yeah, but our probes are not targeting

00:22:43.460 --> 00:22:47.200
the Martian. military fighter pilots because

00:22:47.200 --> 00:22:49.819
there's no martian military but if there were

00:22:49.819 --> 00:22:52.140
we certainly were sitting out in the open right

00:22:52.140 --> 00:22:54.319
but if we had something like are you familiar

00:22:54.319 --> 00:22:57.779
with um one of the most famous cases was a case

00:22:57.779 --> 00:23:01.759
with uh commander david fravor of the navy who

00:23:01.759 --> 00:23:05.759
uh encountered with One or two other jets off

00:23:05.759 --> 00:23:08.319
of the Nimitz, they encountered this thing that

00:23:08.319 --> 00:23:10.960
was shaped like a tic -tac. Yeah. You know the

00:23:10.960 --> 00:23:12.099
story. Everybody knows this, yeah. This story.

00:23:12.279 --> 00:23:15.519
It went from, they tracked it going from 80 ,000

00:23:15.519 --> 00:23:18.740
feet above sea level to 50 in less than a second.

00:23:18.819 --> 00:23:21.380
They have no idea how it moved. There's no visible

00:23:21.380 --> 00:23:24.400
propulsion system. It was blocking their radar.

00:23:24.640 --> 00:23:27.259
It was actively blocking tracking. This is what

00:23:27.259 --> 00:23:30.819
their sensors told them. Exactly. Just be clear

00:23:30.819 --> 00:23:36.759
about that. And then - You're stating - I'm stating

00:23:36.759 --> 00:23:38.980
information as Commander Fravor related. I don't

00:23:38.980 --> 00:23:41.160
care. It doesn't matter. He's human. We're all

00:23:41.160 --> 00:23:44.819
human here. But as a scientist, when you're presenting

00:23:44.819 --> 00:23:47.039
information, you don't say, this thing was at

00:23:47.039 --> 00:23:50.400
80 ,000 feet and it dropped to zero, to sea level

00:23:50.400 --> 00:23:52.359
in one second, or whatever it was, the measure.

00:23:52.579 --> 00:23:55.140
That's the wrong way to report it. What you say

00:23:55.140 --> 00:24:00.460
is, we have sensors that told us this is what

00:24:00.460 --> 00:24:01.559
happened. I understand what you're saying. Okay?

00:24:01.660 --> 00:24:09.869
Yes. Distinction. Yes. And so now – all right.

00:24:10.630 --> 00:24:13.009
Your first question then, tell me about the sensors.

00:24:13.289 --> 00:24:16.150
Yeah. Okay. Are they double -checked? Are they

00:24:16.150 --> 00:24:19.710
– you know. So – but if you're just going to

00:24:19.710 --> 00:24:23.849
say there's this craft at 80 ,000 – then everyone

00:24:23.849 --> 00:24:27.309
is thinking about a craft and no one is thinking

00:24:27.309 --> 00:24:29.490
about the sensor. They actually saw it with their

00:24:29.490 --> 00:24:31.710
eyes too. This is something that they actually

00:24:31.710 --> 00:24:33.410
got. You can't see something at 80 ,000 feet.

00:24:33.529 --> 00:24:36.970
No, the actual visual on the craft. They didn't

00:24:36.970 --> 00:24:39.509
see it at 80 ,000 feet. But this craft, it's

00:24:39.509 --> 00:24:41.609
not just something that was tracked with equipment.

00:24:41.710 --> 00:24:43.410
Got it. But they didn't see it at 80 ,000 feet.

00:24:43.470 --> 00:24:47.230
That's my point. So, by the way, this level of

00:24:47.230 --> 00:24:50.609
attention I'm giving to the detail and the reporting

00:24:50.609 --> 00:24:54.890
of information, we do that with fellow scientists

00:24:54.890 --> 00:24:59.740
for much less. Oh, for sure. If we're being visited

00:24:59.740 --> 00:25:02.240
by intelligent aliens from another planet, go

00:25:02.240 --> 00:25:05.700
to a scientific conference and watch the level

00:25:05.700 --> 00:25:09.619
of scrutiny we put on other people's work. If

00:25:09.619 --> 00:25:11.539
they have a sensor that has a new result, we'll

00:25:11.539 --> 00:25:14.740
say, did you calibrate the sensor? How long has

00:25:14.740 --> 00:25:17.960
the sensor been in use? I'll give you an example.

00:25:18.599 --> 00:25:22.519
Here's an example, okay? Do you remember Planet

00:25:22.519 --> 00:25:27.059
X? Yes. The search for Planet X. Nibiru. That

00:25:27.059 --> 00:25:30.859
was one. Sorry. There were several incarnations

00:25:30.859 --> 00:25:33.920
of Planet X. Right. That was among them. That

00:25:33.920 --> 00:25:37.099
was the most wacky. I'm talking about 100 years

00:25:37.099 --> 00:25:40.200
ago Planet X. Yes. Oh, 100 years ago? Well, there

00:25:40.200 --> 00:25:44.299
were several Planet Xs, right? So Uranus was

00:25:44.299 --> 00:25:46.940
moving weirdly. Nobody understood. Maybe there's

00:25:46.940 --> 00:25:49.000
a planet beyond it whose gravity we have yet

00:25:49.000 --> 00:25:52.680
to reckon in our equations. Oh, boom. We discover

00:25:52.680 --> 00:25:56.140
Neptune. Wait a minute, Neptune is moving a little

00:25:56.140 --> 00:26:00.680
unfamiliarly. My phone is, sorry about that.

00:26:00.680 --> 00:26:01.859
Are you going to drop that thing and break it

00:26:01.859 --> 00:26:07.680
with no case on? So, yeah, I got the 12, and

00:26:07.680 --> 00:26:09.599
yeah, I can still do this. I'm just sorry. Yeah,

00:26:09.599 --> 00:26:11.160
I get it. Last time you were here, you had a

00:26:11.160 --> 00:26:14.079
broken case. You're a broken back. Remember?

00:26:15.700 --> 00:26:19.079
So. Why are you distracting me? Sorry, sorry.

00:26:19.200 --> 00:26:23.700
I was like on a roll. Neptune. Neptune. So Neptune,

00:26:23.920 --> 00:26:27.819
we're looking at Neptune's orbit, and it's not

00:26:27.819 --> 00:26:30.920
following Newton's laws. And this is odd. Well,

00:26:30.980 --> 00:26:33.859
we've been down that road before. Uranus didn't

00:26:33.859 --> 00:26:35.960
follow Newton's laws. We proposed another planet,

00:26:36.000 --> 00:26:39.000
and we found it. So Neptune's not following all

00:26:39.000 --> 00:26:41.119
the laws of gravity from all the other planets

00:26:41.119 --> 00:26:43.039
in the sun. There must be another planet out

00:26:43.039 --> 00:26:45.099
there, a planet X. Let's look for it. Is that

00:26:45.099 --> 00:26:49.450
Bode's law? Bose law is a fitting function that

00:26:49.450 --> 00:26:53.029
gets you – it got a little more attention than

00:26:53.029 --> 00:26:56.569
it deserved. It's just that planets – every next

00:26:56.569 --> 00:26:58.710
planet is about twice as far away from the sun

00:26:58.710 --> 00:27:00.750
as the previous one. So you just make a quick

00:27:00.750 --> 00:27:02.849
equation out of that. Oh, that's it? But it doesn't

00:27:02.849 --> 00:27:06.269
work for Mercury. didn't work for Pluto. I thought

00:27:06.269 --> 00:27:08.369
it was based on the mass of the planet. No, not

00:27:08.369 --> 00:27:10.069
at all. The mass has nothing to do with it. Nothing

00:27:10.069 --> 00:27:12.509
to do with it? And it predicted the asteroid

00:27:12.509 --> 00:27:14.130
belt, but the asteroid belt, there's no planet

00:27:14.130 --> 00:27:17.089
there. Right. Okay? And if you glue together

00:27:17.089 --> 00:27:19.589
all the pieces of the asteroid belt, you get

00:27:19.589 --> 00:27:22.549
something like 5 % the mass of the moon. So,

00:27:22.569 --> 00:27:24.309
yeah, it gave us the location of the asteroid

00:27:24.309 --> 00:27:27.210
belt, but that's not a planet. So, Bode's Law,

00:27:27.309 --> 00:27:29.750
it's fun to play with, but, you know, there are

00:27:29.750 --> 00:27:33.130
limits to how far you want to... declare its

00:27:33.130 --> 00:27:36.390
relevance to the actual universe. So we're out

00:27:36.390 --> 00:27:38.529
here at Neptune. And so I said, maybe there's

00:27:38.529 --> 00:27:41.109
a planet X. Everybody started looking. Everybody

00:27:41.109 --> 00:27:43.950
started looking, including Percival Lowell, all

00:27:43.950 --> 00:27:46.250
right, back in the 1920s. And he said, I want

00:27:46.250 --> 00:27:49.089
to find planet X because something's perturbing

00:27:49.089 --> 00:27:52.369
Neptune. So he sets out looking for it and he

00:27:52.369 --> 00:27:54.950
doesn't find it. Then he hires Clyde Tombaugh.

00:27:55.659 --> 00:27:58.259
And he dies, so he doesn't see the results of

00:27:58.259 --> 00:28:00.319
this. Clyde Tombaugh said, I can't find it either.

00:28:00.380 --> 00:28:02.480
I will just systematically search everywhere.

00:28:03.000 --> 00:28:04.980
Because if you think something's affecting you

00:28:04.980 --> 00:28:07.619
gravitationally, you ought to have some idea

00:28:07.619 --> 00:28:10.799
where it is to be tugging on you in that way.

00:28:11.519 --> 00:28:15.220
That's not some kind of weird – it's like you're

00:28:15.220 --> 00:28:17.400
moving differently. Where must the thing be to

00:28:17.400 --> 00:28:19.059
tug on you so that you're moving in that way?

00:28:19.400 --> 00:28:22.900
No one – could find such a planet X. So Klein

00:28:22.900 --> 00:28:24.900
-Thombo said, it's got to be out there somewhere.

00:28:24.980 --> 00:28:28.140
I will systematically image the entire sky, all

00:28:28.140 --> 00:28:30.740
right? You got to do it on multiple nights because

00:28:30.740 --> 00:28:33.000
if something's moving, you'd see it change from

00:28:33.000 --> 00:28:35.220
one picture to the next. He does this, discovers

00:28:35.220 --> 00:28:38.640
Pluto. Was Pluto where planet X was supposed

00:28:38.640 --> 00:28:42.140
to have been? No. Was Pluto the mass that planet

00:28:42.140 --> 00:28:43.900
X should have been? Everyone assumed it was.

00:28:45.019 --> 00:28:47.160
But over the decades, the mass of Pluto got...

00:28:47.319 --> 00:28:49.660
lower and lower and lower as our estimates got

00:28:49.660 --> 00:28:51.900
more and more accurate. Then we found out that

00:28:51.900 --> 00:28:56.099
Pluto is one -fifth the mass of our moon, made

00:28:56.099 --> 00:28:58.940
of half ice. And this is why Pluto got into trouble

00:28:58.940 --> 00:29:02.440
later in the 20th century. It's not because we

00:29:02.440 --> 00:29:05.740
had some vendetta against Pluto. Pluto just never

00:29:05.740 --> 00:29:08.680
belonged in that list to begin with. That's really

00:29:08.680 --> 00:29:12.740
how you need to think about it. Anyhow, there's

00:29:12.740 --> 00:29:15.720
still the matter of Neptune's orbit. Pluto did

00:29:15.720 --> 00:29:18.559
not have enough mass to make Those changes. So

00:29:18.559 --> 00:29:21.220
the search for Planet X continued. So what happens?

00:29:22.500 --> 00:29:29.140
All right. 1993. A colleague of mine named Miles

00:29:29.140 --> 00:29:32.980
Standish. Okay. He's probably related to the

00:29:32.980 --> 00:29:36.839
Miles Standish on the Mayflower. He, as an astrophysicist,

00:29:36.859 --> 00:29:39.720
looked at all of the data people were using to

00:29:39.720 --> 00:29:43.220
say Neptune's orbit was crooked. Looked at all

00:29:43.220 --> 00:29:46.349
the data. Then he found out that at one particular

00:29:46.349 --> 00:29:51.069
observatory, was it the gearbox or the timing

00:29:51.069 --> 00:29:55.990
mechanism had just been cleaned or swapped out?

00:29:56.170 --> 00:29:59.670
Because in the observing log, you write down

00:29:59.670 --> 00:30:02.470
everything because you just don't know. Was there

00:30:02.470 --> 00:30:05.309
a glitch in the current? Was there a bird flyover?

00:30:05.450 --> 00:30:09.960
You make notes of everything. One of the observatories

00:30:09.960 --> 00:30:12.339
whose data was being grafted together with the

00:30:12.339 --> 00:30:14.779
other observatories had this sort of gearbox.

00:30:15.019 --> 00:30:16.759
I don't remember if it was a gearbox. There was

00:30:16.759 --> 00:30:20.779
some mechanical adjustment that was made. He

00:30:20.779 --> 00:30:25.539
said, I wonder if that had an effect on the positioning

00:30:25.539 --> 00:30:30.279
of this telescope. He removed those data from

00:30:30.279 --> 00:30:34.119
his analysis and fitted data to all the other

00:30:34.119 --> 00:30:36.619
telescopes that he had for the positions of Uranus.

00:30:38.119 --> 00:30:44.500
Of Neptune. When he did that, Planet X evaporated

00:30:44.500 --> 00:30:49.779
in that instant. In that instant. There was no

00:30:49.779 --> 00:30:52.220
Planet X. All the other data, when he connects

00:30:52.220 --> 00:30:55.079
across, removing the data from the one where

00:30:55.079 --> 00:30:58.420
the observing log said they did something different,

00:30:58.619 --> 00:31:04.640
Neptune fell right onto Newton's laws. And so

00:31:04.640 --> 00:31:08.240
since 1993, there is no planet X. And Pluto,

00:31:08.440 --> 00:31:11.119
and not for that, we probably would have been

00:31:11.119 --> 00:31:12.839
a long time before we discovered Pluto because

00:31:12.839 --> 00:31:14.859
no one would have looked for it. They found another

00:31:14.859 --> 00:31:17.339
like Pluto. Let me just finish the lesson there.

00:31:17.559 --> 00:31:22.559
Okay. The lesson there is you have information

00:31:22.559 --> 00:31:24.740
that you think is correct from your sensors.

00:31:26.140 --> 00:31:28.900
This was an observatory, a fine observatory.

00:31:29.539 --> 00:31:31.619
And you're going to say this observatory says.

00:31:32.519 --> 00:31:36.579
Neptune is misbehaving. But then you learn there

00:31:36.579 --> 00:31:40.339
was something wrong with the data. You throw

00:31:40.339 --> 00:31:45.420
it out. So I'm trying to say this happens all

00:31:45.420 --> 00:31:48.740
the time in science. You have to be careful what

00:31:48.740 --> 00:31:51.140
you're analyzing before you declare that what

00:31:51.140 --> 00:31:53.819
the thing measured is true and then realign all

00:31:53.819 --> 00:31:56.119
your resources to address what you think is true

00:31:56.119 --> 00:31:58.019
when it might have just simply been a glitch.

00:31:58.460 --> 00:32:01.420
Or multiple glitches or anything. And we do this

00:32:01.420 --> 00:32:02.779
all the time in science. So you were saying?

00:32:03.859 --> 00:32:06.980
Well, several things. One, when we're talking

00:32:06.980 --> 00:32:10.839
about planetoids and planets, the idea about

00:32:10.839 --> 00:32:13.759
Pluto is that Pluto is part of the Kuiper Belt,

00:32:13.839 --> 00:32:17.819
right? It's the first and currently known largest

00:32:17.819 --> 00:32:19.539
member of the Kuiper Belt. And it makes sense.

00:32:20.099 --> 00:32:22.099
You know, we didn't even know the Kuiper Belt

00:32:22.099 --> 00:32:25.099
existed in 1930. So for us, it's just the ninth

00:32:25.099 --> 00:32:28.200
planet. And it's the tiniest and the littlest,

00:32:28.299 --> 00:32:30.019
and it's got a weird orbit that crosses the orbit

00:32:30.019 --> 00:32:32.680
of other planets. And that's a little weird,

00:32:32.720 --> 00:32:35.880
but we'll grandfather it in. Okay, Pluto. And

00:32:35.880 --> 00:32:38.480
then, wait a minute, you have Brethren. In the

00:32:38.480 --> 00:32:41.460
1990s, we discovered other objects out there

00:32:41.460 --> 00:32:44.920
with similar orbits to Pluto. So maybe Pluto

00:32:44.920 --> 00:32:46.980
is not the ninth planet. It's the first object

00:32:46.980 --> 00:32:50.160
in a new swath of real estate discovered in the

00:32:50.160 --> 00:32:52.740
outer solar system called the Kuiper Belt. And

00:32:52.740 --> 00:32:55.220
that's where it stands right now. And this Kuiper

00:32:55.220 --> 00:32:59.240
Belt. There was some speculation. Now, I read

00:32:59.240 --> 00:33:02.769
this quite a while ago. Forgive me. But wasn't

00:33:02.769 --> 00:33:05.130
there was some speculation that we are we might

00:33:05.130 --> 00:33:07.970
be in some sort of a binary star system and there

00:33:07.970 --> 00:33:12.329
might be like a burnt out star that's way, way,

00:33:12.450 --> 00:33:15.349
way outside of our solar system. Yeah, I mean,

00:33:15.349 --> 00:33:18.930
that's causing the galactic shelf to drop off

00:33:18.930 --> 00:33:21.849
like this. This Kuiper belt is responding to

00:33:21.849 --> 00:33:24.470
some other gravity that's way out there. So,

00:33:24.490 --> 00:33:28.849
OK, so you you mix like three or four different

00:33:28.849 --> 00:33:34.700
scenarios. That's common to me. There was a while

00:33:34.700 --> 00:33:37.079
there where we looked at the extinction records

00:33:37.079 --> 00:33:42.039
of species on Earth and found some periodicity

00:33:42.039 --> 00:33:44.099
to it. I forgot. Was it every 20 million years

00:33:44.099 --> 00:33:46.460
or something? There was some period that repeated

00:33:46.460 --> 00:33:51.880
where the fossil records showed a dramatic drop

00:33:51.880 --> 00:33:55.259
or a mild drop in the species count from one

00:33:55.259 --> 00:33:57.720
layer to the next in the geological sediment.

00:33:59.390 --> 00:34:02.589
If this has a rhythm to it, there is nothing

00:34:02.589 --> 00:34:04.869
in the solar system that has a 20 million year

00:34:04.869 --> 00:34:10.889
rhythm. So someone suggested maybe the sun has

00:34:10.889 --> 00:34:16.449
a really eccentric, as in its orbit, it's in

00:34:16.449 --> 00:34:18.969
a binary star system where there's another star

00:34:18.969 --> 00:34:22.269
that plunges in through the solar system, coming

00:34:22.269 --> 00:34:25.329
through the Kuiper belt, and then goes back out

00:34:25.329 --> 00:34:29.380
in this dance with the sun. So we wouldn't have

00:34:29.380 --> 00:34:32.639
seen it in our civilization because this is –

00:34:32.639 --> 00:34:34.780
all right. But when it does that, it disrupts

00:34:34.780 --> 00:34:37.659
the Kuiper Belt gravitationally. And if you do

00:34:37.659 --> 00:34:41.179
that, you will send a rain of comets down, a

00:34:41.179 --> 00:34:43.420
higher than average rate of comets down into

00:34:43.420 --> 00:34:45.400
the inner solar system. And then you could render

00:34:45.400 --> 00:34:48.199
many life forms extinct on Earth just the way

00:34:48.199 --> 00:34:51.139
we lost the dinosaurs from an asteroid. So –

00:34:51.139 --> 00:34:53.000
and they even gave a name for it. They called

00:34:53.000 --> 00:34:57.829
it Nemesis. That was the Nemesis. double star

00:34:57.829 --> 00:35:00.849
system of the sun. But so we took a closer look

00:35:00.849 --> 00:35:03.050
at the data. It turned out it had been filtered

00:35:03.050 --> 00:35:05.969
in a way that revealed rhythms that were not

00:35:05.969 --> 00:35:10.230
really there. And if it's orbital, the rhythm

00:35:10.230 --> 00:35:12.849
should be perfect because Newton's law doesn't

00:35:12.849 --> 00:35:15.909
mess around and they weren't exactly right. So

00:35:15.909 --> 00:35:18.389
that concept has evaporated, but it got people

00:35:18.389 --> 00:35:19.969
going for a while. It got a lot of press attention.

00:35:20.519 --> 00:35:23.940
And the part about the Kuiper Belt, about the

00:35:23.940 --> 00:35:25.960
galactic shelf, that there seems to be some sort

00:35:25.960 --> 00:35:29.019
of a drop -off. Okay. So now with regard to another

00:35:29.019 --> 00:35:31.860
scenario, which got folded into yours, is that

00:35:31.860 --> 00:35:35.500
our orbit around the galaxy is not sort of a

00:35:35.500 --> 00:35:38.699
straight circle, I mean a clean circle. We actually

00:35:38.699 --> 00:35:43.519
wave in and out of the plane of the galaxy. All

00:35:43.519 --> 00:35:46.460
right. Like if you imagine sort of Nessie, Loch

00:35:46.460 --> 00:35:51.690
Ness Monster doing that. Okay. So our orbit,

00:35:51.730 --> 00:35:54.730
our entire solar system is dipping up and down

00:35:54.730 --> 00:35:57.630
and through. So another suggestion was, in fact,

00:35:57.630 --> 00:35:58.989
I think there was an entire book on this. Forgive

00:35:58.989 --> 00:36:01.389
me for not remembering the name. It suggested

00:36:01.389 --> 00:36:04.409
that the entire solar system, as it passes through

00:36:04.409 --> 00:36:07.349
the plane of the galaxy, that disrupts the Kuiper

00:36:07.349 --> 00:36:11.420
Belt as well. You know, it's basically the Kuiper

00:36:11.420 --> 00:36:15.320
Belt says lobbing comets down into the inner

00:36:15.320 --> 00:36:18.519
solar system. And so you can look for that in

00:36:18.519 --> 00:36:21.760
the extinction record as well. And it was suggested

00:36:21.760 --> 00:36:23.460
that that might have been what took out the dinosaurs,

00:36:23.699 --> 00:36:28.059
one of those kind of passages through. But anyhow,

00:36:28.260 --> 00:36:30.639
yeah. I mean, there's no shortage of... Excuses

00:36:30.639 --> 00:36:33.500
for killing the dinosaurs. Yeah, for sure. They're

00:36:33.500 --> 00:36:36.820
out there. When you think about this idea of

00:36:36.820 --> 00:36:39.079
everyone having these video cameras in their

00:36:39.079 --> 00:36:42.139
pocket and high -resolution imagery and where

00:36:42.139 --> 00:36:46.440
is that stuff? But the absence of evidence isn't

00:36:46.440 --> 00:36:49.519
necessarily evidence of absence. It can be. So

00:36:49.519 --> 00:36:51.840
I'll give you an example. Okay. Because that's

00:36:51.840 --> 00:36:56.960
a mantra. Right. All right. And in science, so

00:36:56.960 --> 00:37:00.550
philosophically, that's true. But in practice,

00:37:00.769 --> 00:37:05.170
in science, we do that all the time. Okay? So

00:37:05.170 --> 00:37:07.469
I'll give an example. It's a contrived example,

00:37:07.590 --> 00:37:11.050
but it's a clean example. There's a cave nearby.

00:37:11.449 --> 00:37:13.809
You're a mountain man, all right? And there's

00:37:13.809 --> 00:37:17.429
a cave nearby. And you're worried it might have

00:37:17.429 --> 00:37:21.010
bears in it. So you don't want to go poking around.

00:37:21.949 --> 00:37:25.139
So you conduct some experiments. So here's what

00:37:25.139 --> 00:37:28.559
you do. You put chalk dust around the entrance

00:37:28.559 --> 00:37:31.039
to the cave, and you check it every day for a

00:37:31.039 --> 00:37:33.719
month, and there are no bear prints in the chalk

00:37:33.719 --> 00:37:39.860
dust. Winter comes, okay, and you notice there

00:37:39.860 --> 00:37:42.659
are no footprints in the snow. Of course, well,

00:37:42.739 --> 00:37:44.840
maybe the bear snuck in and you didn't see it,

00:37:44.860 --> 00:37:46.679
and it's hibernating. That could be so, perhaps.

00:37:46.880 --> 00:37:49.929
Well, you wait until springtime. So you keep

00:37:49.929 --> 00:37:52.849
doing this without ever going in the cave and

00:37:52.849 --> 00:37:57.869
you have no evidence of a bear going in and out

00:37:57.869 --> 00:38:01.309
of that cave over a normal cycle of time that

00:38:01.309 --> 00:38:05.170
a bear might go in and out of a cave. That is

00:38:05.170 --> 00:38:11.590
evidence of absence in a sense. Okay. In a very

00:38:11.590 --> 00:38:15.590
specific place. Correct. So at that point you'd

00:38:15.590 --> 00:38:18.739
say, well, I didn't go in the cave. to check,

00:38:18.900 --> 00:38:23.400
but I have enough evidence to say the bear is

00:38:23.400 --> 00:38:26.659
not there. So it's the thing, oh, you can't prove

00:38:26.659 --> 00:38:29.619
a negative. I kind of just did. I'm saying there

00:38:29.619 --> 00:38:33.840
is no bear there. And did I prove it in a fully

00:38:33.840 --> 00:38:38.179
logical mathematical sense? No. But scientifically,

00:38:38.480 --> 00:38:40.679
I've gathered enough information to convince

00:38:40.679 --> 00:38:43.139
me there's no bear in the cave, and I will operate

00:38:43.139 --> 00:38:46.039
on that assumption going forward. And so much

00:38:46.039 --> 00:38:48.940
science happens that way. And it works. And you

00:38:48.940 --> 00:38:53.059
think that's a valid way to dismiss the lack

00:38:53.059 --> 00:38:56.480
of UFO evidence because these people have these

00:38:56.480 --> 00:38:59.719
phones and they're just all filming and taking

00:38:59.719 --> 00:39:01.960
photographs of things constantly? What would

00:39:01.960 --> 00:39:04.440
happen? You can ask. You're perfectly allowed

00:39:04.440 --> 00:39:08.559
to say what would happen if we were visited by

00:39:08.559 --> 00:39:13.579
aliens and you crowdsourced the... access to

00:39:13.579 --> 00:39:17.599
aliens among 7 billion people in the world. How

00:39:17.599 --> 00:39:19.460
many people are out in the middle of the ocean?

00:39:20.099 --> 00:39:22.539
I was going to get to that. Have you ever seen

00:39:22.539 --> 00:39:28.659
the flight paths of airplanes in a single day?

00:39:28.760 --> 00:39:31.880
Yeah, it's pretty wild. It is completely wild.

00:39:32.300 --> 00:39:35.280
It's like, what the? If you show this to the

00:39:35.280 --> 00:39:42.320
Wright brothers from 1903, dude. Across the oceans.

00:39:42.320 --> 00:39:44.880
Of course, there are traffic paths, right, where

00:39:44.880 --> 00:39:46.960
you're more likely to find them than in other

00:39:46.960 --> 00:39:48.860
paths because there's either no destination there

00:39:48.860 --> 00:39:51.739
or the Great Circle route doesn't favor it. But

00:39:51.739 --> 00:39:55.579
you look at how often every single day the sky,

00:39:55.940 --> 00:40:01.059
the airspace is crisscrossed by way more commercial

00:40:01.059 --> 00:40:06.630
carriers than military vehicles. I'm thinking

00:40:06.630 --> 00:40:08.650
you'd have an encounter with something that was

00:40:08.650 --> 00:40:10.809
not a fuzzy object that no one can describe.

00:40:11.750 --> 00:40:13.829
They would photograph something through the cockpit

00:40:13.829 --> 00:40:15.909
window. I mean, why not? You'd see something.

00:40:16.190 --> 00:40:18.809
There was a recent sighting by a bunch of American

00:40:18.809 --> 00:40:21.670
Airlines pilots. By two, I should say, not a

00:40:21.670 --> 00:40:23.789
bunch of. Yeah, it can happen. Again, you get

00:40:23.789 --> 00:40:25.250
the more – I don't know what I'm looking at.

00:40:25.369 --> 00:40:28.050
Yeah, but was it detailed? Did you have – If

00:40:28.050 --> 00:40:30.150
you had a guess, if you had a bet, like if you

00:40:30.150 --> 00:40:33.809
had a pile of money and you have to put it on

00:40:33.809 --> 00:40:41.199
– Green for aliens or red for horseshit? Where

00:40:41.199 --> 00:40:44.159
are you putting your money? You're forcing a

00:40:44.159 --> 00:40:46.239
binary decision here. I am, I am. We're playing

00:40:46.239 --> 00:40:47.940
roulette. But I wouldn't call it horseshit. I

00:40:47.940 --> 00:40:54.860
would say not aliens. Not aliens. Right. I don't

00:40:54.860 --> 00:40:56.900
think there's things in most of those crafts,

00:40:57.039 --> 00:40:59.760
but I think those crafts are some kind of drone.

00:40:59.840 --> 00:41:01.940
And I'm not convinced that they're from another

00:41:01.940 --> 00:41:06.559
planet. Sure. I don't have a problem with that.

00:41:06.739 --> 00:41:19.539
And if you, by the way, if you, if this thing

00:41:19.539 --> 00:41:22.519
that they see out the window, okay, and they

00:41:22.519 --> 00:41:24.880
don't get a good photo or it's still fuzzy or

00:41:24.880 --> 00:41:28.059
it's still a light in the sky, and I'm saying,

00:41:28.199 --> 00:41:32.800
okay, I'm not yet convinced, but it's something.

00:41:35.949 --> 00:41:41.269
Fine. Go invest resources to figure it out, especially

00:41:41.269 --> 00:41:44.989
if you think it's a security risk. If you want

00:41:44.989 --> 00:41:52.090
to believe it's aliens, I'm not – if they didn't

00:41:52.090 --> 00:41:54.929
want us to see them, you would never see them.

00:41:55.690 --> 00:41:57.449
I'm pretty sure. If they had enough technology

00:41:57.449 --> 00:42:00.710
to cross the vacuum of space to reach us, you

00:42:00.710 --> 00:42:02.510
wouldn't even know they were there. I agree.

00:42:02.929 --> 00:42:06.059
You just would have no idea. Perhaps the way

00:42:06.059 --> 00:42:10.260
that they slowly integrate into our consciousness,

00:42:10.559 --> 00:42:14.880
into our acceptance of their existence, is a

00:42:14.880 --> 00:42:19.559
trickle effect. Okay. Every now and then we see

00:42:19.559 --> 00:42:22.159
a video. Now think of the hubris of us saying

00:42:22.159 --> 00:42:26.380
this advanced civilization of aliens who can

00:42:26.380 --> 00:42:30.239
cross the gaps of space are interested in us

00:42:30.239 --> 00:42:35.119
and our gonads. paint circles in our crops. That's

00:42:35.119 --> 00:42:37.500
kind of weird, I would think. Okay, I hate this

00:42:37.500 --> 00:42:40.039
argument. I just think it's a little weird. I

00:42:40.039 --> 00:42:41.940
don't think we're that interesting. I think we're

00:42:41.940 --> 00:42:45.500
really fucking interesting. I think we can nuke

00:42:45.500 --> 00:42:48.340
the entire planet many times over, and yet we

00:42:48.340 --> 00:42:51.940
don't. We did it once in 1947. bullshit each

00:42:51.940 --> 00:42:55.179
other constantly. We spew out propaganda. We

00:42:55.179 --> 00:42:57.480
have this bizarre ritual where every four years

00:42:57.480 --> 00:42:59.780
we pick a leader based on a popularity contest.

00:43:00.059 --> 00:43:02.019
Who you want to have beer with. Yeah. We're constantly

00:43:02.019 --> 00:43:06.280
involved in murder and rape and genocide all

00:43:06.280 --> 00:43:08.360
over the world. We choose what things to pay

00:43:08.360 --> 00:43:10.639
attention to, what not to pay attention to. We

00:43:10.639 --> 00:43:13.820
celebrate people who pretend to be heroes in

00:43:13.820 --> 00:43:16.760
films and television and we barely know scientists

00:43:16.760 --> 00:43:19.239
who win Nobel Prizes. We're fucking fascinating.

00:43:19.760 --> 00:43:21.750
We're the worst. The weirdest things. Fascinating

00:43:21.750 --> 00:43:24.510
to whom? The weirdest things. Listen, if you

00:43:24.510 --> 00:43:26.989
studied us, if you were from another planet filled

00:43:26.989 --> 00:43:29.489
with things like us, like if it was another planet

00:43:29.489 --> 00:43:33.570
of us and we found a planet doing the exact same

00:43:33.570 --> 00:43:36.210
kind of nonsense that we do somewhere else, we

00:43:36.210 --> 00:43:39.670
would be riveted. Here's how I think about another

00:43:39.670 --> 00:43:41.969
planet. Okay. If I can share this. This is a

00:43:41.969 --> 00:43:43.429
little deep if you're ready for that. Oh, please.

00:43:43.469 --> 00:43:48.869
Okay. So whether you are vegetarian or omnivore.

00:43:49.280 --> 00:43:56.219
or carnivore, you must kill something that was

00:43:56.219 --> 00:44:02.639
alive to survive. Okay? Yes. The only thing that

00:44:02.639 --> 00:44:06.579
you consume that was never once alive is sort

00:44:06.579 --> 00:44:09.420
of basically milk and honey, okay, and salt.

00:44:10.199 --> 00:44:12.900
Everything else was once alive. You're killing.

00:44:13.699 --> 00:44:15.800
And, of course, vegetarians are doing it as well.

00:44:15.960 --> 00:44:19.940
In fact, I'm intrigued that vegetarians in particular

00:44:19.940 --> 00:44:24.980
will focus on the baby version of the plant they

00:44:24.980 --> 00:44:27.900
would otherwise be eating. Baby spinach, baby

00:44:27.900 --> 00:44:30.719
carrots, baby arugula, baby this, baby that.

00:44:31.019 --> 00:44:35.300
And on the sort of reproductive organs of plants.

00:44:36.139 --> 00:44:40.460
Oh, let's eat the flowers or the seeds or the

00:44:40.460 --> 00:44:42.340
nuts. These are things that the plant's trying

00:44:42.340 --> 00:44:44.420
to make another plant with. You collect it and

00:44:44.420 --> 00:44:47.719
eat it. So now imagine a civilization from another

00:44:47.719 --> 00:44:53.039
planet that is entirely energized by photosynthesis.

00:44:53.920 --> 00:44:57.360
Just imagine that. Maybe they have what we would

00:44:57.360 --> 00:45:00.860
call an animal, but their entire skin photosynthesizes.

00:45:01.420 --> 00:45:07.390
So all living creatures on that planet. consume

00:45:07.390 --> 00:45:12.429
sunlight from their home star. Okay. And so they

00:45:12.429 --> 00:45:15.070
say, I want to explore the galaxy. And so they

00:45:15.070 --> 00:45:17.349
build a spaceship and they come to Earth. And

00:45:17.349 --> 00:45:23.050
what do they see? Humans and other animals killing

00:45:23.050 --> 00:45:31.530
to survive. Inventing means of mass murder of

00:45:31.530 --> 00:45:36.760
fellow other life forms on their planet. Just

00:45:36.760 --> 00:45:43.260
to survive. They would consider us astonishingly,

00:45:43.260 --> 00:45:49.159
inexcusably, bewilderingly barbaric for having

00:45:49.159 --> 00:45:52.960
done so. And I don't think they would be interested

00:45:52.960 --> 00:45:57.179
in us. I think if they really are. using photosynthesis.

00:45:57.219 --> 00:45:59.000
They're plant -based creatures. They're probably

00:45:59.000 --> 00:46:01.420
going to be so tired all the time, they're not

00:46:01.420 --> 00:46:03.000
going to have the will to travel through the

00:46:03.000 --> 00:46:09.760
universe. You're confusing the vegetarian with

00:46:09.760 --> 00:46:11.900
the plant life. Oh, it's different? That's right.

00:46:11.940 --> 00:46:15.019
You're confusing me. Well, they're plants themselves.

00:46:15.119 --> 00:46:17.000
They don't go anywhere. An old man who wrestles

00:46:17.000 --> 00:46:20.260
elk and rips out his heart and bites from it.

00:46:20.320 --> 00:46:22.840
Is that what you did on that hunting trip? Plants

00:46:22.840 --> 00:46:24.780
don't go anywhere. They just sit. They just stay

00:46:24.780 --> 00:46:26.960
put. Oh, yeah. They would also say. Nothing that

00:46:26.960 --> 00:46:30.440
uses photosynthesis moves. But I'm talking about

00:46:30.440 --> 00:46:32.440
another planet. Just imagine a planet that that's

00:46:32.440 --> 00:46:35.019
the case. I know. In my planet, they're all lazy.

00:46:35.139 --> 00:46:37.840
Okay. But except consider an encounter between

00:46:37.840 --> 00:46:42.139
you, your car, and an oak tree. You lose. Yes.

00:46:42.139 --> 00:46:45.019
Okay. And the oak tree produces. It's still not

00:46:45.019 --> 00:46:48.420
moving. It has, because it doesn't need to. Right.

00:46:48.639 --> 00:46:51.820
Here. Okay. Can I name drop for a minute? Please.

00:46:51.960 --> 00:46:53.599
Can I name drop? I love a good name drop. Okay.

00:46:54.000 --> 00:46:57.059
Steven Spielberg once swung by my office. Well,

00:46:57.159 --> 00:46:59.780
we met. We've met. Tell him I'm a big fan. I'll

00:46:59.780 --> 00:47:01.559
tell him. I'll tell him. And he had one of his

00:47:01.559 --> 00:47:03.300
kids. He had several kids. He had brought one

00:47:03.300 --> 00:47:06.599
to the Hayden Planetarium in my office. And the

00:47:06.599 --> 00:47:09.099
museum got word that he was in town. He has an

00:47:09.099 --> 00:47:12.260
apartment nearby. So they asked if he could come

00:47:12.260 --> 00:47:16.500
by in addition to other. activities at the American

00:47:16.500 --> 00:47:18.360
Museum of Natural History in New York City where

00:47:18.360 --> 00:47:22.440
I work. That's my day job. So he comes in and

00:47:22.440 --> 00:47:24.219
we're talking and I say hi to his kid and it's

00:47:24.219 --> 00:47:25.820
like he's like in middle school at the time.

00:47:25.900 --> 00:47:28.239
And so I said I got to talk to him about some

00:47:28.239 --> 00:47:30.460
of his work. So I said let's talk E .T. He said

00:47:30.460 --> 00:47:34.320
sure. That's when I learned he said he imagined

00:47:34.320 --> 00:47:43.199
E .T. as vegetable not as animal. And That's

00:47:43.199 --> 00:47:46.079
why, among other reasons, E .T. has this power

00:47:46.079 --> 00:47:49.159
to rejuvenate plants with his finger because

00:47:49.159 --> 00:47:53.219
it's actually a plant. And so that's an example.

00:47:53.440 --> 00:47:55.360
I know it's fictional, of course, but it's an

00:47:55.360 --> 00:47:58.679
example of thinking outside of an earth box.

00:47:59.139 --> 00:48:02.679
Sure. And if you think outside of an earth box,

00:48:03.039 --> 00:48:07.099
there you go. That is a life form that would

00:48:07.099 --> 00:48:09.679
not understand us. They would think we how could.

00:48:10.170 --> 00:48:15.010
How could such a world exist? And on top of that,

00:48:15.090 --> 00:48:17.650
there's how we treat each other. Yes. All right.

00:48:17.809 --> 00:48:21.090
And by the way, I bet. Yeah, I'm one of those

00:48:21.090 --> 00:48:23.130
who's a little worried when we give our return

00:48:23.130 --> 00:48:26.309
address broadcast out into space. Because you

00:48:26.309 --> 00:48:28.090
don't give your email to strangers in the street.

00:48:28.170 --> 00:48:30.610
Yet we're giving the coordinates of Earth broadcast

00:48:30.610 --> 00:48:34.730
out. to the gaps of interstellar space. So I'm

00:48:34.730 --> 00:48:36.150
a little worried about that, but then I think

00:48:36.150 --> 00:48:38.750
about it, and I see nearly every portrayal of

00:48:38.750 --> 00:48:44.650
an alien in Hollywood is evil, going right on

00:48:44.650 --> 00:48:47.550
back to War of the Worlds with H .G. Wells. And

00:48:47.550 --> 00:48:51.409
I'm thinking, why? Do we have any insights that

00:48:51.409 --> 00:48:55.389
aliens would be evil? Or is it really a mirror

00:48:55.389 --> 00:49:01.630
to ourselves? It's not... It's imagined knowledge

00:49:01.630 --> 00:49:06.050
of how aliens would behave. It's actual knowledge

00:49:06.050 --> 00:49:09.349
of how we have behaved. But what about the day

00:49:09.349 --> 00:49:11.010
the Earth stood still? It's one of the first.

00:49:11.329 --> 00:49:14.150
Well, it's one of the rare ones where the aliens

00:49:14.150 --> 00:49:17.489
– Well, no. The War of the Worlds long predates

00:49:17.489 --> 00:49:22.550
that by half a century. Yeah. So – but on balance,

00:49:22.769 --> 00:49:24.789
the aliens are evil. Okay? That's all I'm saying.

00:49:24.829 --> 00:49:31.440
Yes. And so we are – I see those portrayals as

00:49:31.440 --> 00:49:35.579
unwitting mirrors of our own conduct because

00:49:35.579 --> 00:49:38.400
an alien coming to Earth has a greater technology

00:49:38.400 --> 00:49:41.139
than we do, period. That's just the end of the

00:49:41.139 --> 00:49:46.000
story. So how has it gone on Earth? Any time

00:49:46.000 --> 00:49:48.619
one civilization with higher technology encounters

00:49:48.619 --> 00:49:52.099
one with lesser technology. It has never boded

00:49:52.099 --> 00:49:54.239
well for the society with lesser technology.

00:49:54.750 --> 00:50:00.250
They've been enslaved, killed, put in camps,

00:50:00.469 --> 00:50:07.010
exterminated. So I think we fear aliens because,

00:50:07.110 --> 00:50:11.400
in fact, we fear ourselves. We fear what we would

00:50:11.400 --> 00:50:13.940
do if we had the capability to go to another

00:50:13.940 --> 00:50:16.239
planet like they do to us. I think we do that

00:50:16.239 --> 00:50:19.239
unwittingly. Yeah. That's what's manifesting

00:50:19.239 --> 00:50:21.699
in our storytelling. I think it represents what

00:50:21.699 --> 00:50:24.559
we see out of human beings. Sure. Yeah. Definitely.

00:50:25.019 --> 00:50:29.179
So getting back to the UFO reports and sites,

00:50:29.360 --> 00:50:32.360
you know, the headline I saw recently says, Pentagon

00:50:32.360 --> 00:50:37.119
confirms UFOs are real. That title has no meaning.

00:50:38.819 --> 00:50:41.730
Well, it gets me happy. Well, no, it has no meaning.

00:50:41.849 --> 00:50:42.909
I know what you're saying. Yeah, it just has

00:50:42.909 --> 00:50:45.170
no meaning. It's unidentified, so unidentified

00:50:45.170 --> 00:50:46.730
things are real. Yeah, of course. That doesn't

00:50:46.730 --> 00:50:48.590
mean anything. It doesn't mean they're aliens.

00:50:48.789 --> 00:50:52.409
If the title said Pentagon confirms UFOs are

00:50:52.409 --> 00:50:55.650
actually aliens, that is a headline. Right. That's

00:50:55.650 --> 00:50:57.769
a good headline right there, but that's not what

00:50:57.769 --> 00:51:00.369
anybody can report. What do you think this whole

00:51:00.369 --> 00:51:04.230
ramping up of all this information is, all the

00:51:04.230 --> 00:51:06.550
videos and all the conversations about it and

00:51:06.550 --> 00:51:08.070
the article in the New York Times? Yeah, it's

00:51:08.070 --> 00:51:10.809
part of what Trump. set into motion. I mean,

00:51:10.829 --> 00:51:16.010
the landscape was ripe for it, but the... Oh,

00:51:16.070 --> 00:51:18.570
by the way, UFO sightings went up during COVID,

00:51:18.730 --> 00:51:21.050
I think, because everyone was home bored with

00:51:21.050 --> 00:51:22.630
nothing to do, and you'd go out and look up.

00:51:23.130 --> 00:51:25.170
Makes sense. Yeah, there's a lot of cultural

00:51:25.170 --> 00:51:29.889
statistics related to the frequency of UFO sightings.

00:51:29.929 --> 00:51:36.420
But Trump, just before he left office... He slipped

00:51:36.420 --> 00:51:38.500
something into the COVID relief bill, as they

00:51:38.500 --> 00:51:41.260
do so often in Congress, where you agree with

00:51:41.260 --> 00:51:42.619
the rest of this. I don't agree with that, but

00:51:42.619 --> 00:51:44.820
I want to get it through. So he put that in?

00:51:44.900 --> 00:51:47.019
Yes. Well, under his administration. It's under

00:51:47.019 --> 00:51:48.599
his administration. The full disclosure. Within

00:51:48.599 --> 00:51:51.059
six months, he wants all federal agencies that

00:51:51.059 --> 00:51:54.880
collect information on unidentified sky objects

00:51:54.880 --> 00:51:57.559
to put together reports and deliver it to Congress

00:51:57.559 --> 00:52:00.539
within six months. Fine. I don't have a problem

00:52:00.539 --> 00:52:04.320
with that. What's weird, though, is. This belief

00:52:04.320 --> 00:52:09.179
that somehow the government is some repository

00:52:09.179 --> 00:52:12.219
of knowledge and secrets that we don't otherwise

00:52:12.219 --> 00:52:14.960
have access to. That's not the kind of country

00:52:14.960 --> 00:52:17.039
we live in, nor is the government that competent.

00:52:17.719 --> 00:52:20.079
So, yeah, they try to keep secrets and they keep

00:52:20.079 --> 00:52:22.780
many secrets. They tend to be of the uninteresting

00:52:22.780 --> 00:52:25.420
kind. But if you have an interesting secret.

00:52:26.010 --> 00:52:28.010
If you're stockpiling aliens and you're telling

00:52:28.010 --> 00:52:31.210
me that the secretary, the admin, the janitor,

00:52:31.329 --> 00:52:34.409
that they're not sneaking out an iPhone photo.

00:52:34.889 --> 00:52:37.730
Really? Really? Do you think it's that simple?

00:52:37.929 --> 00:52:40.130
Really? Really. Do you think it's that simple?

00:52:40.170 --> 00:52:41.829
Christopher Mellon, who worked for the Defense

00:52:41.829 --> 00:52:44.530
Department, he came on and was talking to us

00:52:44.530 --> 00:52:46.829
about. You get all the inside folks here. And

00:52:46.829 --> 00:52:49.530
that was it was an intriguing conversation because

00:52:49.530 --> 00:52:53.329
he is of the belief that they have had access

00:52:53.329 --> 00:52:58.360
to some. and some crafts and some things that

00:52:58.360 --> 00:53:02.059
are unexplainable and don't seem to come from

00:53:02.059 --> 00:53:04.320
any technology that we're, and I don't want to

00:53:04.320 --> 00:53:06.559
put any words in his mouth, but any technology

00:53:06.559 --> 00:53:08.920
that we're currently capable of reproducing.

00:53:10.380 --> 00:53:14.239
Okay. I mean, he might have seen something that

00:53:14.239 --> 00:53:16.739
the military was actually working on that would

00:53:16.739 --> 00:53:18.760
be mysterious to someone who is only familiar

00:53:18.760 --> 00:53:21.800
with unclassified. propulsion systems and the

00:53:21.800 --> 00:53:24.840
like. Do you think it's possible that a propulsion

00:53:24.840 --> 00:53:27.980
system so outside of the norm, something that

00:53:27.980 --> 00:53:31.000
is not working off burning fuel, something that's

00:53:31.000 --> 00:53:35.039
working off some new technology that is, whether

00:53:35.039 --> 00:53:37.500
it's some sort of gravity distorting or gravity

00:53:37.500 --> 00:53:40.239
-based technology, that that could actually be

00:53:40.239 --> 00:53:43.860
conceived in a vacuum where they could get the

00:53:43.860 --> 00:53:46.179
top scientists that work in propulsion, people

00:53:46.179 --> 00:53:48.579
that do understand. I mean, as much as we do

00:53:48.579 --> 00:53:50.679
understand gravity, as much as we understand

00:53:50.679 --> 00:53:52.800
the possibility of some sort of propulsion system,

00:53:52.900 --> 00:53:54.539
it's pretty minimal, right? In terms of like

00:53:54.539 --> 00:53:57.139
mainstream. Yeah, we're still primitive with

00:53:57.139 --> 00:54:00.460
our propulsion system. Is it possible that this

00:54:00.460 --> 00:54:02.980
could all be done in a vacuum? That it could

00:54:02.980 --> 00:54:05.219
all be done without anybody ever having known

00:54:05.219 --> 00:54:07.099
about it and they could produce something that's

00:54:07.099 --> 00:54:11.199
so preposterously advanced from anything we've

00:54:11.199 --> 00:54:15.340
been capable of making before? Advances tend

00:54:15.340 --> 00:54:19.070
not to be. large leaps like that. It seems more

00:54:19.070 --> 00:54:23.349
likely that it's from a different source than

00:54:23.349 --> 00:54:26.409
from human beings. If what he's describing is

00:54:26.409 --> 00:54:30.469
true, then it would not be incremental. I mean,

00:54:30.510 --> 00:54:32.690
we tend to do things incrementally. That's just

00:54:32.690 --> 00:54:36.610
the nature of discovery and human innovation.

00:54:37.070 --> 00:54:42.610
So if something actually can move the way supposedly

00:54:42.610 --> 00:54:48.820
these units that these various tracking systems

00:54:48.820 --> 00:54:51.480
that they have that can follow something from

00:54:51.480 --> 00:54:53.420
80 ,000 feet above sea level. I'm saying we don't

00:54:53.420 --> 00:54:55.360
understand it. We don't understand it. If it's

00:54:55.360 --> 00:54:59.539
actually a thing, we have no, there's no physics

00:54:59.539 --> 00:55:02.260
that explains it. That we know of. And if something

00:55:02.260 --> 00:55:05.219
can move that way, if it's confirmed that the

00:55:05.219 --> 00:55:07.619
systems are accurate and that this thing does

00:55:07.619 --> 00:55:11.400
move that fast and can do things that are beyond

00:55:11.400 --> 00:55:13.719
our capability currently as far as we understand

00:55:13.719 --> 00:55:17.119
it, would it be more likely? that it would come

00:55:17.119 --> 00:55:19.760
from some other advanced civilization outside

00:55:19.760 --> 00:55:22.300
of Earth? Or would it be more likely that it

00:55:22.300 --> 00:55:25.079
was conceived in a vacuum here without anybody

00:55:25.079 --> 00:55:28.699
having any access to any of the technology in

00:55:28.699 --> 00:55:31.460
these incremental forms? So it's possible you

00:55:31.460 --> 00:55:33.519
can have, like, you know, black ops, as they

00:55:33.519 --> 00:55:35.920
say. You know, you look at the airplanes that

00:55:35.920 --> 00:55:38.199
came out of Lockheed Martin during the Cold War.

00:55:38.340 --> 00:55:41.579
These were all the secret, and they gave the

00:55:41.579 --> 00:55:44.639
engineers... But kind of incremental. Sure, but

00:55:44.639 --> 00:55:46.420
they looked really different and they behaved

00:55:46.420 --> 00:55:49.579
very differently. So, yes, it was still incremental.

00:55:49.699 --> 00:55:54.820
But let's imagine a deep black ops where they're

00:55:54.820 --> 00:55:56.840
making their own incremental changes, but you

00:55:56.840 --> 00:55:59.059
don't get to see them. So by the time it shows

00:55:59.059 --> 00:56:01.139
up, it looks like it's a big leap, even though

00:56:01.139 --> 00:56:03.659
they got there incrementally. And that was unreported.

00:56:03.659 --> 00:56:08.230
Sure. Doesn't science rely on other scientists

00:56:08.230 --> 00:56:11.170
to coordinate with, like other scientists to

00:56:11.170 --> 00:56:15.170
review data and to share ideas? And it also presumes

00:56:15.170 --> 00:56:16.489
that the government has the best scientists,

00:56:16.610 --> 00:56:19.309
and that's simply not the case. Right. That's

00:56:19.309 --> 00:56:20.869
what I would always think. The best scientists

00:56:20.869 --> 00:56:22.230
are going to go to the private sector because

00:56:22.230 --> 00:56:24.030
there's more money there. Or academia where you

00:56:24.030 --> 00:56:27.269
have freedom. of research. Some will go because

00:56:27.269 --> 00:56:31.510
there is money in the military, but you're forced

00:56:31.510 --> 00:56:34.550
to work on projects that might not be the most

00:56:34.550 --> 00:56:38.050
creative investment of your own energies. You

00:56:38.050 --> 00:56:41.699
hire a physicist. make a bomb at the end of this

00:56:41.699 --> 00:56:44.619
so it would take something pretty monumental

00:56:44.619 --> 00:56:48.579
for you to shift your belief to this is probably

00:56:48.579 --> 00:56:50.820
it's not belief is show me an alien show me give

00:56:50.820 --> 00:56:52.880
me something that i don't i don't i'm not of

00:56:52.880 --> 00:56:55.300
the belief that these things are populated okay

00:56:55.300 --> 00:56:58.519
okay they may be and maybe maybe it's happened

00:56:58.519 --> 00:57:01.099
before but when i'm hearing about these things

00:57:01.099 --> 00:57:02.460
flying around and i'm seeing what we're doing

00:57:02.460 --> 00:57:04.380
on mars i'm like yeah it's a better version of

00:57:04.380 --> 00:57:06.659
that You know what is a much better story to

00:57:06.659 --> 00:57:08.920
me is the Transformers, the origin story of the

00:57:08.920 --> 00:57:11.239
Transformers. Their cars and then they become

00:57:11.239 --> 00:57:13.960
robots? No, no. I don't claim to know the whole

00:57:13.960 --> 00:57:15.659
franchise. I don't either. But the little bit

00:57:15.659 --> 00:57:19.699
of it that I know. By the way, they had an error

00:57:19.699 --> 00:57:21.260
in one of the movies where they're coming to

00:57:21.260 --> 00:57:24.820
Earth and they go by the moon and they see the

00:57:24.820 --> 00:57:29.039
Apollo. Site? Yeah, they see the Apollo site

00:57:29.039 --> 00:57:32.460
and the landers there. And it still has the pod

00:57:32.460 --> 00:57:35.460
that carries the astronauts. Oh, whoops. Yeah,

00:57:35.599 --> 00:57:38.559
yeah. That returned to the command module that

00:57:38.559 --> 00:57:40.860
came back. They should just see the base, all

00:57:40.860 --> 00:57:42.519
right? But it's not as interesting, all right?

00:57:42.559 --> 00:57:45.920
So that was either on purpose or it was an oversight.

00:57:46.599 --> 00:57:51.139
So the claim is they were found and came into

00:57:51.139 --> 00:57:53.869
the Arctic or wherever. No one saw it happen

00:57:53.869 --> 00:57:55.510
except the military because we're monitoring

00:57:55.510 --> 00:57:57.909
the Arctic because that's where rockets get.

00:57:58.389 --> 00:58:02.809
We're on the case here. Then they get captured

00:58:02.809 --> 00:58:07.550
and we want to mine them for the technology that's

00:58:07.550 --> 00:58:10.150
in them. But we want to do it in a way nobody

00:58:10.150 --> 00:58:14.130
knows. So where do you do this? Oh, let's build

00:58:14.130 --> 00:58:19.070
a dam. So the Hoover Dam was the cover project.

00:58:20.260 --> 00:58:23.920
for the analysis of the transformers that we

00:58:23.920 --> 00:58:26.780
had captured. And then beginning, so Hoover Dam

00:58:26.780 --> 00:58:28.980
was 1920s, right? When was Hoover? 1920s into

00:58:28.980 --> 00:58:33.039
the 30s. Beginning of the 1930s, we catapulted.

00:58:33.059 --> 00:58:35.900
Quantum physics was invented. Lasers were invented.

00:58:36.780 --> 00:58:38.539
Miniaturization of electronics was invented.

00:58:38.699 --> 00:58:43.280
And it was all claimed to be traceable to this

00:58:43.280 --> 00:58:46.539
new technology that we reverse engineered beginning

00:58:46.539 --> 00:58:50.679
with that. research lab built into, I thought

00:58:50.679 --> 00:58:52.280
that was brilliant. That was a brilliant way

00:58:52.280 --> 00:58:56.440
to say that. Or we're just, humans are smart

00:58:56.440 --> 00:58:59.860
and we invented that ourselves. Yeah, I never

00:58:59.860 --> 00:59:02.039
watched the Transformers, man. Okay, okay. I'm

00:59:02.039 --> 00:59:07.659
just saying. It's okay. It was a clever weaving

00:59:07.659 --> 00:59:11.820
of a story, of a science fiction story into our

00:59:11.820 --> 00:59:16.230
culture. I thought it was a brilliant. Yeah,

00:59:16.269 --> 00:59:18.110
the rest of it. No that when they're fighting

00:59:18.110 --> 00:59:23.150
each other. Yes, I'm optimistic No, I'm not doing

00:59:23.150 --> 00:59:25.510
that it's ridiculous and then your sports car

00:59:25.510 --> 00:59:33.650
on the side no I love a good alien movie though.

00:59:33.710 --> 00:59:35.989
I think my favorite is John Carpenter's the thing

00:59:36.639 --> 00:59:38.659
That was a good one. I got to go back and check

00:59:38.659 --> 00:59:42.659
that one out. It had crashed into Antarctica

00:59:42.659 --> 00:59:45.360
or something like that, frozen forever, and then

00:59:45.360 --> 00:59:48.579
they discovered it. They were digging in, and

00:59:48.579 --> 00:59:50.780
they found this thing, and then it came out,

00:59:50.820 --> 00:59:54.559
and it would transform and become an identical

00:59:54.559 --> 00:59:59.119
copy of whatever it touched. You don't remember

00:59:59.119 --> 01:00:01.719
that? No, I don't think I saw. No, I didn't see

01:00:01.719 --> 01:00:05.960
that. But I do know what came. The blob, I thought,

01:00:06.039 --> 01:00:10.559
was a very creative alien. That one didn't have

01:00:10.559 --> 01:00:14.820
a mouth or legs or arms or teeth or eyes or stomach.

01:00:16.280 --> 01:00:19.219
And they could go through the air conditioning

01:00:19.219 --> 01:00:23.500
ducts. It could ooze under the door. You couldn't

01:00:23.500 --> 01:00:25.599
avoid it. And what people forget about the blob

01:00:25.599 --> 01:00:28.139
is that when it first landed, it was completely

01:00:28.139 --> 01:00:32.440
transparent. After it ate its first victim, only

01:00:32.440 --> 01:00:34.159
then was it red. And it was red for the whole

01:00:34.159 --> 01:00:37.050
rest of the movie. Really? Yeah. I don't even

01:00:37.050 --> 01:00:39.150
remember that movie much. Yeah, it's Steve McQueen

01:00:39.150 --> 01:00:40.690
in one of his first films. Was it really? Yeah,

01:00:40.690 --> 01:00:42.170
Steve McQueen is in it. Steve McQueen was in

01:00:42.170 --> 01:00:48.750
The Blob? Wow. Yeah. When I look at what we're

01:00:48.750 --> 01:00:53.510
doing with human beings and replacing people's

01:00:53.510 --> 01:00:56.550
knees and replacing people's hips and artificial

01:00:56.550 --> 01:00:58.989
this and artificial that and then with CRISPR

01:00:58.989 --> 01:01:01.409
and genetic engineering, I think it's a matter

01:01:01.409 --> 01:01:04.909
of time before we are some sort of symbiotic

01:01:04.909 --> 01:01:11.519
thing. We're partially created by whatever technology

01:01:11.519 --> 01:01:13.519
is available at the time, whether it's 100 years

01:01:13.519 --> 01:01:15.340
from now or 500 years from now. Something that's

01:01:15.340 --> 01:01:16.900
going to be superior, that's not going to provide

01:01:16.900 --> 01:01:19.980
us with all the problems. It's already happened.

01:01:20.099 --> 01:01:21.840
You just don't think about it that way. With

01:01:21.840 --> 01:01:24.159
your phone and your glasses. No, no, no. Even

01:01:24.159 --> 01:01:27.000
before that. We are symbiotic with chemistry.

01:01:28.539 --> 01:01:31.699
You're living twice as long. Better living through

01:01:31.699 --> 01:01:35.889
chemistry. We control your cholesterol, your

01:01:35.889 --> 01:01:41.550
inflammation. We know how to reduce the chance

01:01:41.550 --> 01:01:45.369
of stroke. So you're thinking very narrow on

01:01:45.369 --> 01:01:48.210
this. I need a new kneecap or I need a new this.

01:01:48.530 --> 01:01:52.429
The fact is science and technology has already

01:01:52.429 --> 01:01:55.389
been infused in the human condition in a way

01:01:55.389 --> 01:01:57.710
that, for example, has doubled our life expectancy

01:01:57.710 --> 01:02:03.559
within the last 150 years. So it's already happening

01:02:03.559 --> 01:02:07.320
chemically. So now you want to do it mechanically

01:02:07.320 --> 01:02:11.019
because that requires material science and that's

01:02:11.019 --> 01:02:14.460
a much later field than chemistry was developed

01:02:14.460 --> 01:02:16.500
in order to contribute to what our lives are.

01:02:16.539 --> 01:02:19.420
Now you want to get into our DNA. That's just

01:02:19.420 --> 01:02:22.360
the next level. Okay. Now, are we going to have

01:02:22.360 --> 01:02:25.599
some internet infused in our head? I don't think

01:02:25.599 --> 01:02:28.139
so. But that's what Elon's working on. I don't

01:02:28.139 --> 01:02:30.460
think. Why would you do that when the entire

01:02:30.460 --> 01:02:34.130
internet? is in your palm of your hand. Because

01:02:34.130 --> 01:02:36.429
you have to touch that stupid thing. You might

01:02:36.429 --> 01:02:40.070
drop it. Oh, what you're saying is I don't want

01:02:40.070 --> 01:02:43.130
to touch this. Yes, open up my skull and put

01:02:43.130 --> 01:02:46.030
in an internet transmitter. That's better. But

01:02:46.030 --> 01:02:48.909
it makes you smarter. So does the smartphone.

01:02:49.150 --> 01:02:51.369
No, no, no. But like much smarter. What he's

01:02:51.369 --> 01:02:53.269
saying is it's going to increase the bandwidth

01:02:53.269 --> 01:02:56.050
that you have to access information. You're going

01:02:56.050 --> 01:02:58.409
to be able to access information quicker. Because

01:02:58.409 --> 01:03:00.769
it's not going to go through all these. Okay,

01:03:00.769 --> 01:03:03.590
so people can do stupid things quicker in the

01:03:03.590 --> 01:03:05.530
face of information that they think is correct.

01:03:06.030 --> 01:03:08.570
One of the things that Elon said to me is people

01:03:08.570 --> 01:03:12.670
will no longer have to talk with words. You're

01:03:12.670 --> 01:03:14.949
not going to have to speak with your mind. Look

01:03:14.949 --> 01:03:17.420
at what people are doing. with the information

01:03:17.420 --> 01:03:20.559
they currently have, they don't even know what

01:03:20.559 --> 01:03:23.159
is true. Some people. Now you want to accelerate

01:03:23.159 --> 01:03:26.260
that by a factor of a thousand. Yes. Maybe they'll

01:03:26.260 --> 01:03:29.239
learn. That is the missing chapter in the apocalypse

01:03:29.239 --> 01:03:33.159
in the Bible. Okay. Maybe it's not. Maybe it's

01:03:33.159 --> 01:03:36.119
the cure. Maybe when people are acutely aware

01:03:36.119 --> 01:03:39.059
of what they actually know. Don't equate knowledge

01:03:39.059 --> 01:03:42.860
with wisdom. Well, maybe it can bestow wisdom.

01:03:43.099 --> 01:03:45.940
I don't find wisdom on the internet. I find knowledge.

01:03:46.139 --> 01:03:47.980
You can find some wisdom. You got to go to the

01:03:47.980 --> 01:03:52.000
right people. You got to go to the correct meme

01:03:52.000 --> 01:03:56.139
pages. Okay, but you got to plow through the

01:03:56.139 --> 01:04:00.119
knowledge, some of which, much of it, maybe most

01:04:00.119 --> 01:04:05.079
of which is false. That's a problem. But occasionally

01:04:05.079 --> 01:04:09.139
you get nuggets of wisdom. Yes. Want to see a

01:04:09.139 --> 01:04:11.079
nugget of wisdom? You got one? Yeah, I'm going

01:04:11.079 --> 01:04:12.500
to show you one. Show me. You got one now? I'm

01:04:12.500 --> 01:04:13.719
going to send it to Jamie, and Jamie, you'll

01:04:13.719 --> 01:04:17.260
put this up. Okay. This is a piece of... By the

01:04:17.260 --> 01:04:19.940
way, I'm all in for wisdom. I bet you are. Okay.

01:04:21.000 --> 01:04:25.639
Because when you look at the arc of... In science,

01:04:25.739 --> 01:04:31.239
you want to convert data to sort of facts, and

01:04:31.239 --> 01:04:36.500
facts into knowledge, knowledge into insight.

01:04:37.309 --> 01:04:39.909
And then ultimately insight into wisdom. And

01:04:39.909 --> 01:04:42.250
that wisdom will help you make better choices.

01:04:42.349 --> 01:04:44.190
Yes. And help you understand the world you're

01:04:44.190 --> 01:04:46.670
living. Correct. Correct. That's what it is.

01:04:47.250 --> 01:04:54.170
Wisdom. Just so you know, this is the guy calling

01:04:54.170 --> 01:04:58.849
you a Nazi on the internet. Okay. So now don't

01:04:58.849 --> 01:05:00.989
you feel better about like digging into your

01:05:00.989 --> 01:05:02.789
Twitter? That's just a later version of that

01:05:02.789 --> 01:05:05.289
very first comic in The New Yorker when the internet

01:05:05.289 --> 01:05:08.340
came up. And there are two dogs on a computer,

01:05:08.420 --> 01:05:10.639
and one dog turns to the other. The good thing

01:05:10.639 --> 01:05:12.760
about the internet is no one knows you're a dog.

01:05:14.500 --> 01:05:17.780
That was like 1991. Was it really? Yeah, it was

01:05:17.780 --> 01:05:21.139
very early. Wow, 1991? Yeah, have them bring

01:05:21.139 --> 01:05:24.320
it up. Wow. No one knows you're a dog. It should

01:05:24.320 --> 01:05:27.460
go straight to it. That's pretty brilliant. Yeah,

01:05:27.500 --> 01:05:29.820
yeah. And so I've been thinking that the entire

01:05:29.820 --> 01:05:33.800
time. Yeah, there it is. Oh, wow. On the internet.

01:05:34.579 --> 01:05:36.880
Nobody knows you're a dog. What year is that

01:05:36.880 --> 01:05:41.400
from, does it say, Jamie? Oh, it's got its own

01:05:41.400 --> 01:05:44.539
web page, wiki page. 93, wow. Yeah, very early.

01:05:44.619 --> 01:05:47.019
I said 91, so it's 93 from The New Yorker, yeah.

01:05:47.199 --> 01:05:52.400
What year were you on? Oh, I'm a scientist, so

01:05:52.400 --> 01:05:56.079
I was on from 19... I mean, you know, I was programming

01:05:56.079 --> 01:05:58.519
computers in high school, and I'm graduating

01:05:58.519 --> 01:06:03.050
class of 1976, so I'm an old fart. But we had

01:06:03.050 --> 01:06:05.829
very large, clumsy computers, but I was programming

01:06:05.829 --> 01:06:09.869
them in. I had my first email account in 1980,

01:06:10.050 --> 01:06:13.809
1981. Wow, 1980. That's crazy. Yeah, but you

01:06:13.809 --> 01:06:15.489
can only talk to other scientists. I mean, who

01:06:15.489 --> 01:06:17.730
else? You're not sending email to your grandmother

01:06:17.730 --> 01:06:21.510
in 1980. Did you anticipate it was going to eventually

01:06:21.510 --> 01:06:25.130
be public? Oh, yeah. I saw the trends. I didn't

01:06:25.130 --> 01:06:28.789
anticipate that everyone would agree to put all

01:06:28.789 --> 01:06:30.519
the world's knowledge on it. I thought it would

01:06:30.519 --> 01:06:32.760
be very selective knowledge. But the idea that

01:06:32.760 --> 01:06:36.579
wiki works at all is astonishing. Pretty crazy.

01:06:36.739 --> 01:06:39.559
Yeah, it's a pretty crazy fact. And I'm happy

01:06:39.559 --> 01:06:42.460
to boast my field has very excellent wiki pages

01:06:42.460 --> 01:06:47.219
on Pluto, on planets, on black holes. A lot of

01:06:47.219 --> 01:06:49.739
us are really good educators, and we know they're

01:06:49.739 --> 01:06:53.239
not just textbook pages. They're really informative.

01:06:53.539 --> 01:06:55.820
And there's very little misinformation on it.

01:06:56.590 --> 01:06:57.929
I'm very happy about that. That's extraordinary.

01:06:58.130 --> 01:07:00.070
How do they filter that? How do they make sure

01:07:00.070 --> 01:07:03.409
that misinformation doesn't get – So I hate to

01:07:03.409 --> 01:07:06.110
name drop again, but I had one of the founders

01:07:06.110 --> 01:07:09.590
of Wiki in my office. And he wanted to know what

01:07:09.590 --> 01:07:11.570
does he do about people who are pirating pages?

01:07:12.210 --> 01:07:14.769
Because back then anyone could edit any page

01:07:14.769 --> 01:07:17.210
at all. Oh, right. All right? And they now have

01:07:17.210 --> 01:07:19.989
certain – they can close a page. They can – it

01:07:19.989 --> 01:07:23.369
has to be reviewed. But that violates the spirit.

01:07:23.900 --> 01:07:27.559
Of the wiki concept. Because you don't know if

01:07:27.559 --> 01:07:29.519
the person who wants to edit it has more insight

01:07:29.519 --> 01:07:31.159
than everybody else who even wrote the page.

01:07:31.300 --> 01:07:32.880
You don't know that in advance. What, are you

01:07:32.880 --> 01:07:35.079
going to interview them? No, that's not realistic.

01:07:35.619 --> 01:07:38.440
So I thought I had a really good idea, but he

01:07:38.440 --> 01:07:42.079
didn't take. What was your good idea? You have

01:07:42.079 --> 01:07:47.039
an edit index for every article. And so the edit

01:07:47.039 --> 01:07:51.340
index is, it tells you two things. The rate.

01:07:51.820 --> 01:07:57.059
that people have made changes to that page. That's

01:07:57.059 --> 01:07:59.480
one dimension of information. Another one is,

01:07:59.579 --> 01:08:07.099
is it an in -situ edit or is it additive? That's

01:08:07.099 --> 01:08:09.480
important. Because if there's some celebrity

01:08:09.480 --> 01:08:13.179
who dies, you'll edit the page by adding a paragraph,

01:08:13.400 --> 01:08:15.099
though they died in their sleep or whatever.

01:08:15.300 --> 01:08:19.199
So that's editing, but that doesn't put the content

01:08:19.199 --> 01:08:22.319
at risk if you're just adding information. So

01:08:22.319 --> 01:08:26.859
if I know that a page has been edited 40 times

01:08:26.859 --> 01:08:32.619
in the last three days. Malarkey. Then the likelihood

01:08:32.619 --> 01:08:37.140
that that information is objectively true is

01:08:37.140 --> 01:08:40.779
very low. And so when you're doing a book report

01:08:40.779 --> 01:08:43.340
or any kind of report and you're citing wiki

01:08:43.340 --> 01:08:47.310
pages. You would have a side index that tells

01:08:47.310 --> 01:08:54.010
you this page is rife with conflicting and contested

01:08:54.010 --> 01:08:58.329
edits. Now that I know that, here is what they

01:08:58.329 --> 01:09:02.489
said. Whereas other pages that are stable, I

01:09:02.489 --> 01:09:05.989
think we have a good right to say this contains

01:09:05.989 --> 01:09:09.329
objectively true information. And you would be

01:09:09.329 --> 01:09:12.350
able to make the judgment yourself. And it'd

01:09:12.350 --> 01:09:15.109
be easy to track that on a computer, all the

01:09:15.109 --> 01:09:17.890
edits. And you'll know, did someone just correct

01:09:17.890 --> 01:09:21.010
spelling? You would give the nature of what the

01:09:21.010 --> 01:09:23.609
edit is. And I thought that research is, if you

01:09:23.609 --> 01:09:25.130
don't know what the answer is, let's at least

01:09:25.130 --> 01:09:27.789
know how controversial the information is. This

01:09:27.789 --> 01:09:29.810
brings up an interesting point. Because one of

01:09:29.810 --> 01:09:31.289
the things that we're talking about when it comes

01:09:31.289 --> 01:09:33.529
to technology, we're talking about improvements

01:09:33.529 --> 01:09:36.390
in the way the human brain works with a symbiotic

01:09:36.390 --> 01:09:39.689
relationship to... Whatever Neuralink or whatever

01:09:39.689 --> 01:09:41.689
new technology is invented. That's what he wants.

01:09:41.770 --> 01:09:46.590
That's what he wants. What would be great is

01:09:46.590 --> 01:09:49.609
if we knew what was true. However crazy I think

01:09:49.609 --> 01:09:51.989
that idea is, I'm not going to stop him. You're

01:09:51.989 --> 01:09:53.909
not going to stop him. No, I don't want to. But

01:09:53.909 --> 01:09:55.949
you're not going to stop him. You need a little

01:09:55.949 --> 01:10:00.090
bit of crazy. You do. To move the center mass

01:10:00.090 --> 01:10:03.069
of society in new directions. That dude's got

01:10:03.069 --> 01:10:06.899
a lot of crazy. So I'm an Elon fan. Yeah, me

01:10:06.899 --> 01:10:10.140
too. He's going to do it. No, well. I'm going

01:10:10.140 --> 01:10:12.880
to probably get a hole in my head and stick it

01:10:12.880 --> 01:10:15.739
in there. I want to see what's up. I'm going

01:10:15.739 --> 01:10:18.439
to be a late adopter, though. I'm going to be

01:10:18.439 --> 01:10:22.000
like Gen 4. I didn't buy a Tesla until like two

01:10:22.000 --> 01:10:24.800
years ago. Really? Oh, no. I was early. They

01:10:24.800 --> 01:10:28.840
had them many, many years before. Yeah. The Roadster

01:10:28.840 --> 01:10:32.420
was first out. Yeah. The little Lotus Elise clone.

01:10:32.659 --> 01:10:34.779
I couldn't fit in it. So I couldn't. Oh, you're

01:10:34.779 --> 01:10:36.979
a big fella. I hit my head. I can't. My shoulder

01:10:36.979 --> 01:10:40.140
went across the midplane of the seat. So I have

01:10:40.140 --> 01:10:42.800
to be there with a small other human. But two

01:10:42.800 --> 01:10:44.420
of me wouldn't be able to fit in the front seat

01:10:44.420 --> 01:10:47.859
without. being very snuggly at the deltoid. If

01:10:47.859 --> 01:10:51.300
we could come to a point where technology could

01:10:51.300 --> 01:10:55.020
eliminate deception, how much more information

01:10:55.020 --> 01:10:56.960
could be shared and how much more could we understand?

01:10:57.159 --> 01:11:01.899
What I don't know is if we cannot eliminate deception

01:11:01.899 --> 01:11:06.659
in ourselves, either self -deception or purposeful

01:11:06.659 --> 01:11:09.560
deception in others, I don't see how we can program

01:11:09.560 --> 01:11:11.939
that into our technology. But I think we can.

01:11:12.460 --> 01:11:14.420
If we can understand whether someone's telling

01:11:14.420 --> 01:11:17.140
the truth or not. If it's clear and glaringly

01:11:17.140 --> 01:11:20.539
obvious. If you and I are talking and I start

01:11:20.539 --> 01:11:22.119
talking to you and all of a sudden a green light

01:11:22.119 --> 01:11:24.819
pops up, which indicates I'm full of shit. You'll

01:11:24.819 --> 01:11:26.779
see it and I'm like, oh, my green light's showing.

01:11:26.979 --> 01:11:29.020
No, but that assumes that things are either true

01:11:29.020 --> 01:11:32.750
or false. And that's just not true. Something.

01:11:33.210 --> 01:11:37.229
The actual world is way more nuanced than that.

01:11:37.430 --> 01:11:41.970
Right. Unintended deception. So, for example,

01:11:42.149 --> 01:11:44.930
I can think something is true. Right. And what

01:11:44.930 --> 01:11:47.210
you're basically saying, not to put words in

01:11:47.210 --> 01:11:48.869
your mouth, is that everyone walks around with

01:11:48.869 --> 01:11:51.329
a lie detector on their forehead. Yeah, that's

01:11:51.329 --> 01:11:53.409
a bad idea. That's a bad example. Well, you just

01:11:53.409 --> 01:11:55.590
said this. I know. All right. So everyone has

01:11:55.590 --> 01:11:57.890
a lie detector. And if I think something happened,

01:11:58.050 --> 01:12:01.760
even though it didn't. then I'm telling the truth.

01:12:02.800 --> 01:12:05.020
I'm telling my own understanding of the truth.

01:12:05.100 --> 01:12:06.899
Which is a problem with some people with some

01:12:06.899 --> 01:12:09.579
stories, right? You can't then indict me for

01:12:09.579 --> 01:12:12.560
that truth being wrong if that's how I saw it.

01:12:12.579 --> 01:12:14.000
That's like the umpire. That's how I called it

01:12:14.000 --> 01:12:15.739
because that's how I saw it. The umpire's not

01:12:15.739 --> 01:12:18.300
being evil. That's just what they saw. So that's

01:12:18.300 --> 01:12:21.239
one problem with that. Another one is there's

01:12:21.239 --> 01:12:24.939
so many things that are... And that's what makes

01:12:24.939 --> 01:12:29.170
the world interesting, I think, is... So you

01:12:29.170 --> 01:12:33.289
want an example of where the truth is nuanced.

01:12:35.310 --> 01:12:38.989
I can't think off the top of my head, but I'm

01:12:38.989 --> 01:12:41.750
just telling you that in almost every case where

01:12:41.750 --> 01:12:44.670
someone wants to turn a question into a binary

01:12:44.670 --> 01:12:50.329
answer, they're doing a disservice to human intellect,

01:12:50.590 --> 01:12:56.529
to the real world that's out there. I'll give

01:12:56.529 --> 01:13:00.149
you an example. How tall are you? 5 '8". 5 '8".

01:13:00.149 --> 01:13:03.069
Okay. Presumably you measure that with some kind

01:13:03.069 --> 01:13:09.130
of tape measure. All right. So are you 5 '7 3⁄4"?

01:13:09.130 --> 01:13:12.289
It's probably closer to that. Okay. I'm shrinking.

01:13:12.630 --> 01:13:14.529
Oh, yeah. Okay. All right. So maybe you're 5

01:13:14.529 --> 01:13:21.350
'7 3⁄4". So are you 5 '7 1⁄16 of an inch taller

01:13:21.350 --> 01:13:25.329
or shorter than 5 '7 3⁄4"? I don't know. We'd

01:13:25.329 --> 01:13:26.909
have to bust out a tape measure. Well, so now,

01:13:27.050 --> 01:13:29.609
okay, so let's say you are within that. But wait

01:13:29.609 --> 01:13:34.390
a minute. The line that identifies a 16th of

01:13:34.390 --> 01:13:40.409
an inch itself has a width. So where are you

01:13:40.409 --> 01:13:45.109
within the width of the line that you're using

01:13:45.109 --> 01:13:48.970
to report how tall you are? So we're giving rough

01:13:48.970 --> 01:13:52.590
measurements. Anytime you give a measurement

01:13:52.590 --> 01:13:56.699
or something. It can never be exact. But you

01:13:56.699 --> 01:13:59.020
get an understanding of it, like go a mile down

01:13:59.020 --> 01:14:02.300
the road and then take a right. Okay, but if

01:14:02.300 --> 01:14:04.560
I have a truth serum and I say, was it a mile?

01:14:04.720 --> 01:14:06.100
No, it was one and an eighth of a mile. But what

01:14:06.100 --> 01:14:08.579
if you get to a mile and there's no right turn?

01:14:08.699 --> 01:14:10.640
Do you just shut your car off and starve to death?

01:14:10.859 --> 01:14:13.159
Or do you go, let me figure this out. It looks

01:14:13.159 --> 01:14:16.939
like 30 more feet, I take a right. It's a mile

01:14:16.939 --> 01:14:18.619
and 30 feet. Okay, I'm not going to nitpick.

01:14:18.859 --> 01:14:21.020
I'm just going to take a right, a mile and 30

01:14:21.020 --> 01:14:24.369
feet. Your brain, red light, green light, would

01:14:24.369 --> 01:14:26.529
say the person was lying. Yeah, that device sucks.

01:14:26.649 --> 01:14:28.250
Okay, okay. Forget I came up with that idea.

01:14:28.250 --> 01:14:29.649
All right, all right. I was just trying to say.

01:14:29.810 --> 01:14:33.010
My thought was just eliminate purposeful deception.

01:14:33.609 --> 01:14:36.329
Like, if you knew someone was lying to you, con

01:14:36.329 --> 01:14:39.239
artists. Ponzi scheme people. Someone's trying

01:14:39.239 --> 01:14:41.800
to fuck you over. If you knew, if you could be

01:14:41.800 --> 01:14:44.260
clear that what this person was doing is they're

01:14:44.260 --> 01:14:45.479
not really going to make you a lot of money.

01:14:45.539 --> 01:14:47.319
They're trying to rip you off with a pie in the

01:14:47.319 --> 01:14:50.060
sky idea. Eliminate deception. You know what

01:14:50.060 --> 01:14:51.699
that is? What? There's a device. It's called

01:14:51.699 --> 01:14:55.979
science literacy. That's right. How to know when

01:14:55.979 --> 01:14:58.760
someone else is. In fact, I just tweeted that

01:14:58.760 --> 01:15:01.960
recently. Science literacy. Your boy Steven Spielberg

01:15:01.960 --> 01:15:05.460
got busted in a Ponzi scheme. Is the power. to

01:15:05.460 --> 01:15:08.380
know when someone else is full of shit. But if

01:15:08.380 --> 01:15:10.960
you're dealing with something like Bernie Madoff,

01:15:10.979 --> 01:15:13.460
right? You look at his returns and say, these

01:15:13.460 --> 01:15:15.899
don't match anyone else's returns. How is this

01:15:15.899 --> 01:15:17.979
freaking possible? Because he's a G. Because

01:15:17.979 --> 01:15:22.439
you want to believe what he's doing. Right. And

01:15:22.439 --> 01:15:25.079
that's not his. Is it his problem or is it your

01:15:25.079 --> 01:15:29.439
problem? That you want that outcome so badly

01:15:29.439 --> 01:15:33.539
that you are allowing yourself to be conned.

01:15:35.380 --> 01:15:40.260
That's how conning works. So as a scientist,

01:15:40.359 --> 01:15:44.359
you can never be too invested in an outcome because

01:15:44.359 --> 01:15:47.979
it warps your capacity to judge what is true

01:15:47.979 --> 01:15:51.380
and what is not. Was Bernie Madoff's return substantially

01:15:51.380 --> 01:15:53.840
more impressive than anyone else who was doing

01:15:53.840 --> 01:15:55.859
it legitimately? From what I read, that wasn't

01:15:55.859 --> 01:15:58.760
the point. It's not that his returns were much

01:15:58.760 --> 01:16:00.260
higher than everybody else. They were consistent.

01:16:00.399 --> 01:16:03.939
They were consistent. 10%, 15 % every year, whatever

01:16:03.939 --> 01:16:07.180
it was. And everyone else was fluctuating, sometimes

01:16:07.180 --> 01:16:09.159
getting negative. He was always in the positive.

01:16:09.619 --> 01:16:11.939
Or when everyone else was negative, he had low

01:16:11.939 --> 01:16:14.720
positive. So, of course, you bring your money

01:16:14.720 --> 01:16:17.439
to him. So he has some magic insight into the

01:16:17.439 --> 01:16:20.180
marketplace that no one else has. Well, do you

01:16:20.180 --> 01:16:22.619
know how the statistics of trading works? Do

01:16:22.619 --> 01:16:25.760
you know? You know, it's possible you can be

01:16:25.760 --> 01:16:28.039
lucky if you you know a few years in a row But

01:16:28.039 --> 01:16:30.460
to do it for 10 20 whatever long he was at it,

01:16:30.500 --> 01:16:32.300
right? But wouldn't it be easier if you just

01:16:32.300 --> 01:16:35.720
could clearly see deception like the idea behind

01:16:35.720 --> 01:16:38.460
any of these? Technologies is they're gonna improve

01:16:38.460 --> 01:16:40.739
the way human beings communicate with maybe he

01:16:40.739 --> 01:16:43.239
believed he was doing the right thing I don't

01:16:43.239 --> 01:16:44.779
think you did you don't think you did. No, I

01:16:44.779 --> 01:16:47.189
don't think you did I heard interviews with him.

01:16:47.270 --> 01:16:50.789
He sounded like a pure sociopath. He really did.

01:16:50.930 --> 01:16:53.510
I don't mean to laugh, but there was a lot of

01:16:53.510 --> 01:16:55.770
cost in it. Horrible cost. So you turn a blind

01:16:55.770 --> 01:16:58.289
eye to the possibility that what you want to

01:16:58.289 --> 01:17:02.489
be true might not be true. And that burden of

01:17:02.489 --> 01:17:06.350
rationality falls just as much on the victim

01:17:06.350 --> 01:17:10.989
of that scheme as it is on the person perpetrating

01:17:10.989 --> 01:17:14.149
the scheme. I think in a free society, you...

01:17:14.970 --> 01:17:19.170
You have to arm yourself, equip yourself. It's

01:17:19.170 --> 01:17:21.369
not just logic. Logic is overrated, I think.

01:17:22.270 --> 01:17:24.510
My favorite paintings in the world could not

01:17:24.510 --> 01:17:28.489
have possibly been drawn via logic. There's a

01:17:28.489 --> 01:17:32.050
creative spark that comes from nowhere. The painting

01:17:32.050 --> 01:17:34.869
Starry Night on the back of my phone. Is this

01:17:34.869 --> 01:17:38.289
logic? No. Is that what he saw? No. Although

01:17:38.289 --> 01:17:42.069
I can identify the day and the time of day when...

01:17:42.470 --> 01:17:45.229
this image was in his head that he painted. Because

01:17:45.229 --> 01:17:47.470
you know the geographical location. No, no, no,

01:17:47.470 --> 01:17:50.850
no. Even without knowing, I could find out what

01:17:50.850 --> 01:17:52.189
latitude it is and it turns out it corresponds

01:17:52.189 --> 01:17:55.130
with where he was. It's the phase of the moon

01:17:55.130 --> 01:17:58.470
and the location of Venus at that angle relative

01:17:58.470 --> 01:18:02.010
to the horizon. You can nail that. And so I got

01:18:02.010 --> 01:18:05.069
it for June 21st, 1889. Turns out that is the

01:18:05.069 --> 01:18:08.729
year he painted and he was in northern, I forgot

01:18:08.729 --> 01:18:12.220
where he was, north of France somewhere. So I

01:18:12.220 --> 01:18:15.699
can recreate that. So there's some basics of

01:18:15.699 --> 01:18:18.939
it that are factual. The rest, clearly, the sky

01:18:18.939 --> 01:18:22.039
doesn't have curly cues in it. And I'm told where

01:18:22.039 --> 01:18:24.560
he painted this, there is no town because there's

01:18:24.560 --> 01:18:26.760
a town. So he made up a lot of stuff that's in

01:18:26.760 --> 01:18:30.239
this picture. But that's not what he saw, but

01:18:30.239 --> 01:18:34.800
it's what he felt. I value how people feel. Yeah,

01:18:34.800 --> 01:18:37.079
sure. It's artistic interpretation. That is the

01:18:37.079 --> 01:18:39.880
full dimensionality of what it is to be human.

01:18:40.000 --> 01:18:43.609
Yeah. So a world of just logic, I don't want

01:18:43.609 --> 01:18:45.689
that. I'm not necessarily saying the world would

01:18:45.689 --> 01:18:48.630
just be logic, but imagine how – look, it's one

01:18:48.630 --> 01:18:50.909
of the things that makes people interesting is

01:18:50.909 --> 01:18:54.470
that we're so complex. In communicating with

01:18:54.470 --> 01:18:56.470
people, there's so many layers and depths and

01:18:56.470 --> 01:18:59.770
so many people are so different and you find

01:18:59.770 --> 01:19:02.050
these unique personalities and it adds flavor

01:19:02.050 --> 01:19:04.609
to your life. And by the way, the future of gene

01:19:04.609 --> 01:19:06.819
editing – If we want everybody to be a certain

01:19:06.819 --> 01:19:10.000
way, that takes away the diversity of human behavior.

01:19:10.000 --> 01:19:11.920
That's what I think aliens are. That's why they

01:19:11.920 --> 01:19:13.880
all look the same. They all get the big heads

01:19:13.880 --> 01:19:15.960
and the big eyes and the little tiny bodies.

01:19:16.939 --> 01:19:19.399
That's where we're going. I want to get an alien

01:19:19.399 --> 01:19:22.859
that's jacked. Like The Rock? Comes down off

01:19:22.859 --> 01:19:26.039
this thing. All right, who's first? Yeah, The

01:19:26.039 --> 01:19:28.659
Rock as an alien. Imagine if all aliens were

01:19:28.659 --> 01:19:31.319
built like The Rock. Yeah, I think the thinking

01:19:31.319 --> 01:19:33.819
is that they're in the future and they're advanced

01:19:33.819 --> 01:19:35.399
and they don't need their body to be advanced,

01:19:35.520 --> 01:19:37.579
but their brain is advanced. Well, and also they're

01:19:37.579 --> 01:19:39.439
using telekinesis and they probably have the

01:19:39.439 --> 01:19:43.899
50th version of Elon's Neuralink installed. I'm

01:19:43.899 --> 01:19:47.359
not dismissing the beautiful. things about people,

01:19:47.460 --> 01:19:51.180
whether it's our artistic creations or just communicating

01:19:51.180 --> 01:19:54.579
with people. The fact that we're so complicated

01:19:54.579 --> 01:19:56.760
and there's so many different layers of emotions

01:19:56.760 --> 01:20:00.779
and the history of your own life that you're

01:20:00.779 --> 01:20:03.579
adding into it, there's a lot of cool things

01:20:03.579 --> 01:20:06.680
about being a person. But what's not cool is

01:20:06.680 --> 01:20:10.079
deception. If you got rid of deception, could

01:20:10.079 --> 01:20:13.960
you have novelists? Everything in a novel is

01:20:13.960 --> 01:20:18.649
a lie. Yes, but it's creative. It's not a lie.

01:20:19.250 --> 01:20:22.430
It's a lie. Steven Spielberg is not pretending.

01:20:22.449 --> 01:20:25.569
I invented somebody that does not exist. I had

01:20:25.569 --> 01:20:28.130
to make decisions. It's very different. It's

01:20:28.130 --> 01:20:31.909
creation. There's a very different thing. going

01:20:31.909 --> 01:20:34.789
on with if artistic creation is very different

01:20:34.789 --> 01:20:37.050
than a lie so you have to have in addition to

01:20:37.050 --> 01:20:40.210
your lie meter you have to judge whether someone

01:20:40.210 --> 01:20:43.310
is being creative in the thing they're telling

01:20:43.310 --> 01:20:45.350
you that's not true well if they say it's a non

01:20:45.350 --> 01:20:49.680
-fiction book then they're lying If it's a fiction

01:20:49.680 --> 01:20:52.000
book, then they're being creative. If someone's

01:20:52.000 --> 01:20:55.619
being deceptive in a non -fiction book, that's

01:20:55.619 --> 01:20:58.560
a bad person. But if someone is writing something

01:20:58.560 --> 01:21:01.640
like Salem's Lot from Stephen King, this crazy

01:21:01.640 --> 01:21:04.319
story about a town that gets taken over by vampires,

01:21:04.619 --> 01:21:08.479
that's just fun. So he's not lying? No. He's

01:21:08.479 --> 01:21:11.680
a creative person. He has imagination. Imagination

01:21:11.680 --> 01:21:13.659
will still exist. The unintended consequences

01:21:13.659 --> 01:21:16.539
of restricting people's capacity to deceive.

01:21:17.340 --> 01:21:19.720
Is there some fallout from that that we don't

01:21:19.720 --> 01:21:23.119
anticipate? I think there's a fallout from everything,

01:21:23.220 --> 01:21:25.680
right? Yeah, there is. Yeah. Every time we create

01:21:25.680 --> 01:21:27.840
pesticide, we fuck someone's endocrine system

01:21:27.840 --> 01:21:29.680
up, right? There's always something that goes

01:21:29.680 --> 01:21:31.119
wrong. Depends on what the pesticide's made of.

01:21:31.279 --> 01:21:33.460
Right, but we know what I'm saying. There's a

01:21:33.460 --> 01:21:36.020
lot of unintended consequences to a lot of things

01:21:36.020 --> 01:21:38.460
that we do that are ultimately done for good

01:21:38.460 --> 01:21:41.079
but turn out to be really bad. Right. That could

01:21:41.079 --> 01:21:42.199
be the case. By the way, and there's also the

01:21:42.199 --> 01:21:44.779
reverse. Yeah. Things that were done for bad

01:21:44.779 --> 01:21:47.020
that turn out to be good. Yeah. That's where

01:21:47.020 --> 01:21:53.319
wisdom comes in. Yeah. So here's another. I don't

01:21:53.319 --> 01:21:57.640
want to miss the opportunity of discussing questions

01:21:57.640 --> 01:22:00.859
that have no answers. So make sure we have time

01:22:00.859 --> 01:22:04.539
for that. Okay. Okay. Yeah. Some of them don't

01:22:04.539 --> 01:22:06.779
have answers, right? Because some questions don't

01:22:06.779 --> 01:22:08.859
have meaning. even in the questions themselves.

01:22:09.420 --> 01:22:12.920
Give me an example. Oh, no, but I jumped ahead.

01:22:13.039 --> 01:22:14.840
I wanted you to finish your point. Oh, but this

01:22:14.840 --> 01:22:17.420
is a good one. I like what you're doing. I just

01:22:17.420 --> 01:22:21.359
think that if technology, to go back to, and

01:22:21.359 --> 01:22:23.520
we'll come back to the questions, if technology

01:22:23.520 --> 01:22:25.460
continues to advance in the direction that it's

01:22:25.460 --> 01:22:29.279
going, it seems to me that one of the things

01:22:29.279 --> 01:22:33.739
that's happening is the distance. And the distance

01:22:33.739 --> 01:22:35.779
between us and information is getting smaller

01:22:35.779 --> 01:22:38.079
and smaller. Our access to information is getting

01:22:38.079 --> 01:22:41.760
greater and greater. And that as this time goes

01:22:41.760 --> 01:22:45.100
on, it's going to be more integrated into who

01:22:45.100 --> 01:22:47.239
you are as a person, whether it's through Elon's

01:22:47.239 --> 01:22:50.680
creation or someone else's creation. Once that

01:22:50.680 --> 01:22:54.859
happens, I could envision a language that's being

01:22:54.859 --> 01:22:58.579
used through which we can communicate with each

01:22:58.579 --> 01:23:00.359
other that Elon was discussing when he said,

01:23:00.399 --> 01:23:02.689
you're going to be able to... communicate without

01:23:02.689 --> 01:23:06.829
using words. That once that happens, you're going

01:23:06.829 --> 01:23:09.630
to be able, whether it's 100 years from now or

01:23:09.630 --> 01:23:11.609
1 ,000 years from now, whatever it is, you're

01:23:11.609 --> 01:23:16.550
going to be able to display or to communicate

01:23:16.550 --> 01:23:18.989
with pure intent. You're going to be able to

01:23:18.989 --> 01:23:22.720
do things without... I get it. Our ability to

01:23:22.720 --> 01:23:27.199
use personality and charisma and language and

01:23:27.199 --> 01:23:30.399
to be more articulate and impressive in the way

01:23:30.399 --> 01:23:32.840
you talk to have a different impact on the way

01:23:32.840 --> 01:23:36.220
a person receives your thoughts. Instead, it'll

01:23:36.220 --> 01:23:40.180
be purely your intent and your thought. Purely

01:23:40.180 --> 01:23:42.239
your thought process. Allow me to ask, suppose

01:23:42.239 --> 01:23:45.319
that is possible. Why would you want to do that?

01:23:45.479 --> 01:23:47.300
Why wouldn't you want to be living in a tree

01:23:47.300 --> 01:23:49.630
-thrown... poop at the other chimps. Those are

01:23:49.630 --> 01:23:51.829
the good old days. The good old days when we

01:23:51.829 --> 01:23:53.869
were in the trees and we didn't have fire. We

01:23:53.869 --> 01:23:55.970
had to catch our rats and eat them alive. In

01:23:55.970 --> 01:23:57.909
fact, we got very good at throwing things, even

01:23:57.909 --> 01:23:59.970
if it started with poop. We were the best throwers

01:23:59.970 --> 01:24:02.390
of any species there ever was. Ever. And they

01:24:02.390 --> 01:24:04.170
think that might have contributed to us becoming

01:24:04.170 --> 01:24:10.449
what we are. Ever. Just because we can extrapolate

01:24:10.449 --> 01:24:12.989
to a thing doesn't mean that's the thing that's

01:24:12.989 --> 01:24:16.699
going to happen. True. So I'm old enough to remember

01:24:16.699 --> 01:24:19.199
the 1950s and 60s. People were imagining the

01:24:19.199 --> 01:24:21.579
future, the home of the future. Well, technology

01:24:21.579 --> 01:24:24.760
was automating things. So everything was a button.

01:24:24.859 --> 01:24:27.420
So the home of the future was just a button.

01:24:27.720 --> 01:24:30.500
And then people imagined that. The future evolution

01:24:30.500 --> 01:24:33.340
of humans, we'd grow a big index finger because

01:24:33.340 --> 01:24:35.779
you had to be pushing buttons all the time. Right.

01:24:35.859 --> 01:24:38.840
And now, no, we don't have buttons all over the

01:24:38.840 --> 01:24:41.779
house. Not really. Okay. That's not the thing.

01:24:41.939 --> 01:24:44.800
Well, we have the remote control. I guess that's

01:24:44.800 --> 01:24:47.340
buttons, but the button can do a thousand different

01:24:47.340 --> 01:24:49.220
things, right, depending on how it's programmed.

01:24:49.859 --> 01:24:54.079
So there are things that – take a look at computing.

01:24:55.100 --> 01:24:57.800
We – you know, there was an era where the more

01:24:57.800 --> 01:24:59.979
– The bigger a computer was, the more powerful

01:24:59.979 --> 01:25:04.439
it was. Okay? Let's go right up to 1968, 2001,

01:25:04.579 --> 01:25:06.579
A Space Odyssey. This is imagining a world in

01:25:06.579 --> 01:25:10.960
2001. Oh, computers will be really big then.

01:25:11.279 --> 01:25:15.100
There's that one big computer in the center of

01:25:15.100 --> 01:25:18.460
the ship. No one imagined that you'd have something

01:25:18.460 --> 01:25:22.760
more powerful than that on your hip. No one thought

01:25:22.760 --> 01:25:26.720
that way. More on your wrist. People imagined

01:25:26.720 --> 01:25:29.720
the future where we have motorized sidewalks

01:25:29.720 --> 01:25:32.739
and monorails and everything. And what we didn't

01:25:32.739 --> 01:25:36.220
get was we thought energy would cost nothing.

01:25:36.739 --> 01:25:41.720
So we imagined a world with transportation, motion,

01:25:41.960 --> 01:25:45.720
and actions that all require energy to enable.

01:25:45.979 --> 01:25:48.199
And those worlds came out of the heads of people

01:25:48.199 --> 01:25:51.279
who extrapolated forward. And they did not understand

01:25:51.279 --> 01:25:57.199
that the real action was in... Information. Information

01:25:57.199 --> 01:26:01.939
is what became cheap, not energy. And when information

01:26:01.939 --> 01:26:05.079
becomes cheap, I have the world at my fingertips,

01:26:05.300 --> 01:26:08.220
even though I still have to walk down the sidewalk

01:26:08.220 --> 01:26:10.960
and it's not a motorized pathway. Yeah, that's

01:26:10.960 --> 01:26:13.100
the thing they never saw coming in any of those.

01:26:13.239 --> 01:26:14.439
They didn't see it coming. They didn't see the

01:26:14.439 --> 01:26:16.399
internet coming. Information would be cheap.

01:26:16.500 --> 01:26:21.060
Right. So I'm not one to just take what's going

01:26:21.060 --> 01:26:23.460
on now and extrapolate it and say everyone is

01:26:23.460 --> 01:26:25.659
going to be living that differently. Because

01:26:25.659 --> 01:26:28.699
other things come in from the side that you don't

01:26:28.699 --> 01:26:31.500
anticipate. And when they come in from the side,

01:26:31.560 --> 01:26:34.079
it is not an extrapolation of what you're doing

01:26:34.079 --> 01:26:37.250
now. It is something. you didn't even imagine

01:26:37.250 --> 01:26:40.630
because an innovative, creative person looks

01:26:40.630 --> 01:26:43.250
to the left, looks to the right, and says, I

01:26:43.250 --> 01:26:45.729
can combine these into something that's completely

01:26:45.729 --> 01:26:49.689
new that no one even imagined. So that's how

01:26:49.689 --> 01:26:52.430
the future unfolds. So extrapolating, you get

01:26:52.430 --> 01:26:54.770
the first couple of years, correct? Five years,

01:26:54.869 --> 01:26:58.430
10 years out, you are completely off. And you

01:26:58.430 --> 01:27:00.770
said 500 years, 1 ,000 years. Let's shorten that

01:27:00.770 --> 01:27:03.880
a little bit. Let's say 30 years. You say, no,

01:27:03.960 --> 01:27:06.159
that's not much. You know, we need more time

01:27:06.159 --> 01:27:08.819
than that. Ask yourself. Let's go back to 1960.

01:27:09.880 --> 01:27:13.840
We didn't have a spaceship. United States did

01:27:13.840 --> 01:27:17.699
not have a rocket to carry people that wouldn't

01:27:17.699 --> 01:27:20.739
blow up on the launch pad. Okay? We weren't there

01:27:20.739 --> 01:27:26.659
yet. 30 years later, it's 1990. People have laptop

01:27:26.659 --> 01:27:29.180
computers. And we've been to the moon six times

01:27:29.180 --> 01:27:35.880
over. 30 years. So when I think today to 30 years

01:27:35.880 --> 01:27:38.479
from now, I'm saying I don't know that I can

01:27:38.479 --> 01:27:40.880
predict anything. But there's some things that

01:27:40.880 --> 01:27:42.560
I know are going to happen in the next few years.

01:27:42.840 --> 01:27:45.479
Self -driving cars, it's going to take over like

01:27:45.479 --> 01:27:49.399
that. Why? Because you replace your car. Half

01:27:49.399 --> 01:27:51.159
the people replace the car every five years.

01:27:51.380 --> 01:27:54.000
So in five years, if I have a self -driving car

01:27:54.000 --> 01:27:56.619
and all the HOV lanes are now reserved only for

01:27:56.619 --> 01:27:58.560
self -driving cars, that's the next car you're

01:27:58.560 --> 01:28:00.539
going to drive. Do you drive one? Do you drive

01:28:00.539 --> 01:28:02.619
a Tesla? I have a Tesla. I have a Tesla. Do you

01:28:02.619 --> 01:28:04.659
ever do the self -driving thing? Never. It's

01:28:04.659 --> 01:28:07.779
awesome. Yeah, no, I don't. It scares me, but

01:28:07.779 --> 01:28:10.340
I hit that little button. Yeah, I'm not ready

01:28:10.340 --> 01:28:12.100
for it. And that's a quip. I even paid a couple

01:28:12.100 --> 01:28:13.640
of dollars, you know, the extra dollars to get

01:28:13.640 --> 01:28:16.859
that. I'm not ready for it yet. Don't be scared.

01:28:18.640 --> 01:28:23.090
Jamie, do you use it? No, I'm not ready for that.

01:28:23.170 --> 01:28:24.850
Most of the time I don't, though, honestly. But

01:28:24.850 --> 01:28:27.609
I'm ready culturally for it. Yes, it'll save

01:28:27.609 --> 01:28:31.369
30 ,000 lives a year. And no one's going to drive

01:28:31.369 --> 01:28:34.109
home drunk. And a self -driving car, when it

01:28:34.109 --> 01:28:36.069
changes lanes, it tells the other self -driving

01:28:36.069 --> 01:28:38.510
cars, I'm going to change lane. It parts the

01:28:38.510 --> 01:28:41.770
traffic for it, and it then opens into a lane.

01:28:42.409 --> 01:28:46.470
And it can go 90 miles an hour separated by five

01:28:46.470 --> 01:28:48.010
feet in front and back of the car. Let's not

01:28:48.010 --> 01:28:50.739
do that. No, because you're thinking of your

01:28:50.739 --> 01:28:52.859
own reflexes and not that. I'm thinking of things

01:28:52.859 --> 01:28:55.319
going wrong. Every now and then you see one that

01:28:55.319 --> 01:28:57.439
hits like a tire iron that's in the middle of

01:28:57.439 --> 01:28:59.560
the road. That could happen. However, another

01:28:59.560 --> 01:29:01.979
car would have seen it. I'm in my Tesla. I come

01:29:01.979 --> 01:29:03.779
up to a road. The Tesla tells me on the screen,

01:29:03.899 --> 01:29:07.159
changing suspension because of a bumpy road ahead.

01:29:07.380 --> 01:29:08.340
I said, how does it know it's a bumpy road ahead?

01:29:09.140 --> 01:29:11.060
There's a clearinghouse of this information.

01:29:11.359 --> 01:29:13.800
Some other Tesla went on that road and figured

01:29:13.800 --> 01:29:16.789
that out. My Tesla went on that road before it

01:29:16.789 --> 01:29:20.369
had figured it out, okay? So the shared information

01:29:20.369 --> 01:29:24.689
becomes hugely valuable. And, yeah, you might

01:29:24.689 --> 01:29:27.029
have the tire iron in the road, and so 5 ,000

01:29:27.029 --> 01:29:30.050
people a year die rather than 35 ,000 people.

01:29:30.310 --> 01:29:33.149
We got to wrap our heads around that one this

01:29:33.149 --> 01:29:37.210
time around. My analogy to this is we used horses

01:29:37.210 --> 01:29:41.810
for thousands of years. Yeah. Now you go from

01:29:41.810 --> 01:29:47.159
1910 to 1930. 1930, you can't give away a horse.

01:29:48.439 --> 01:29:52.159
Not in urban areas, no. Isn't that crazy? Within

01:29:52.159 --> 01:29:56.619
20 years, we went from horses and an entire industry

01:29:56.619 --> 01:29:59.539
that supported the horses, the buggy whips, the

01:29:59.539 --> 01:30:04.359
carriages, the stables, the food, the blacksmiths,

01:30:04.359 --> 01:30:09.659
an entire industry. Vanishes. Vanishes within

01:30:09.659 --> 01:30:13.289
two decades, basically within two decades. And

01:30:13.289 --> 01:30:16.470
you're going to tell me when are automatic cars

01:30:16.470 --> 01:30:18.189
coming? We already have them and we just, you

01:30:18.189 --> 01:30:21.069
know, when it's ready to go down, it's going

01:30:21.069 --> 01:30:25.130
down. My kids are 20 and 24. They don't want

01:30:25.130 --> 01:30:27.289
to know how to drive. They can't wait until the

01:30:27.289 --> 01:30:29.409
self -driving car. They want nothing to do with

01:30:29.409 --> 01:30:31.189
it. And by the way, you might say, but how about

01:30:31.189 --> 01:30:33.310
people who love to drive? They're not going to

01:30:33.310 --> 01:30:38.069
give up their Camaro or whatever it is that they

01:30:38.069 --> 01:30:40.029
love. You say that mockingly. I don't like it.

01:30:40.279 --> 01:30:44.119
No, I said that. I listed that first. I said,

01:30:44.119 --> 01:30:49.479
let me not say the Corvette because I think there

01:30:49.479 --> 01:30:51.199
are more Camaros out there than Corvettes. I'm

01:30:51.199 --> 01:30:53.680
appealing to Corvettes. So anyhow, you might

01:30:53.680 --> 01:30:57.880
like to drive your Mustang GT. Okay, fine. Then

01:30:57.880 --> 01:31:01.500
we build tracks for you. Oh, God. No, no, no,

01:31:01.579 --> 01:31:04.000
no, no, no, no. There are people today who like

01:31:04.000 --> 01:31:06.010
riding horses. They don't do it in the street.

01:31:06.090 --> 01:31:08.449
You go to the stables, and you can jump, and

01:31:08.449 --> 01:31:09.550
you can ride the countryside. What kind of world

01:31:09.550 --> 01:31:12.430
are we making, Neil deGrasse Tyson? I'm saying

01:31:12.430 --> 01:31:17.390
you don't have to give up your car in order to

01:31:17.390 --> 01:31:20.029
have everybody. There'll be car tracks. And then

01:31:20.029 --> 01:31:21.989
the government's just going to shut down your

01:31:21.989 --> 01:31:25.130
car and pull you out. It's going to shut down

01:31:25.130 --> 01:31:26.409
the highway because everything's going to be

01:31:26.409 --> 01:31:28.010
automated, and they're going to need access to

01:31:28.010 --> 01:31:29.810
all the cars just in case there's a high -speed

01:31:29.810 --> 01:31:32.550
chase. The government built the freaking highway.

01:31:32.869 --> 01:31:35.029
Did they, though? Yes, they did. I don't think

01:31:35.029 --> 01:31:37.770
they did. It's called the Eisenhower Interstate

01:31:37.770 --> 01:31:40.710
System. It cost $100 billion and it was a military

01:31:40.710 --> 01:31:44.409
project. So they have the right to shut your

01:31:44.409 --> 01:31:46.949
car down? Is that what you're saying? Are you

01:31:46.949 --> 01:31:49.369
opting out? You can make your own damn road and

01:31:49.369 --> 01:31:50.869
do what you want on it. What if it's like iPhones

01:31:50.869 --> 01:31:53.949
where you can opt out of sharing your information

01:31:53.949 --> 01:31:55.890
with advertisers? You want to opt out of what?

01:31:56.050 --> 01:31:57.909
The government being able to shut down your car?

01:31:57.970 --> 01:32:00.470
You don't have a right to drive in the HOV lane.

01:32:00.529 --> 01:32:02.739
That's not in the Constitution. Yeah, we're not

01:32:02.739 --> 01:32:04.180
talking about the HOV lane. They don't even have

01:32:04.180 --> 01:32:06.899
those out here. Oh, they don't? Well, you have

01:32:06.899 --> 01:32:11.319
the pay routes. If the government controls, if

01:32:11.319 --> 01:32:13.399
laws control one lane versus another, that's

01:32:13.399 --> 01:32:16.619
the first lane to go to self -driving, for sure.

01:32:17.199 --> 01:32:19.979
Yeah, for sure. Yes. Plus, self -driving cars

01:32:19.979 --> 01:32:22.340
that you don't own, that you just sort of use,

01:32:22.699 --> 01:32:25.060
that reduces the number of cars in the road by,

01:32:25.140 --> 01:32:29.399
what, a factor of 10? Yes. I just worry about...

01:32:29.399 --> 01:32:32.590
You probably own a drill. A hand drill. Yeah,

01:32:32.609 --> 01:32:35.270
I got a drill. How many total minutes in a year

01:32:35.270 --> 01:32:37.350
do you use that hand drill? I don't use it ever.

01:32:37.510 --> 01:32:40.029
Fine. So you spent money on something that you

01:32:40.029 --> 01:32:41.569
hardly use, and even if you did use it, it's

01:32:41.569 --> 01:32:45.649
for minutes. Okay? So you get on the horn. You

01:32:45.649 --> 01:32:48.109
go to Home Depot, get online, say, I need a hand

01:32:48.109 --> 01:32:50.689
drill with this bit. And then a drone drops it

01:32:50.689 --> 01:32:52.310
off that afternoon, and you use it, and then

01:32:52.310 --> 01:32:55.750
it takes it back. You don't need a garage. You

01:32:55.750 --> 01:32:57.710
don't need a parking spot. You don't need anything.

01:32:58.420 --> 01:33:00.359
It's a shared commodity. It sounds like a good

01:33:00.359 --> 01:33:02.319
deal for Jeff Bezos. He's probably real excited.

01:33:02.659 --> 01:33:04.819
He'll be delivering you drills. I think he's

01:33:04.819 --> 01:33:08.619
buying roof rights for drone landings. Really?

01:33:08.739 --> 01:33:11.239
Yeah. Of course he is. Yeah. That's what I heard.

01:33:11.880 --> 01:33:14.800
It's a rumor. When you see a guy that's that

01:33:14.800 --> 01:33:17.920
wealthy, do you ever ponder what makes a person

01:33:17.920 --> 01:33:21.939
like that continue to work every day? That is

01:33:21.939 --> 01:33:27.920
the actual fact of it, right? people like that,

01:33:28.000 --> 01:33:29.779
it's a different species, right? It's someone

01:33:29.779 --> 01:33:32.520
who has an idea and they want to execute the

01:33:32.520 --> 01:33:37.020
idea. And he was at it when no one thought it

01:33:37.020 --> 01:33:40.539
was fashionable. Amazon used to be just a bookstore.

01:33:40.760 --> 01:33:43.380
Yeah, I remember how dumb it was. I was mocking

01:33:43.380 --> 01:33:45.159
it. Like, who the fuck's going to buy books on

01:33:45.159 --> 01:33:47.039
the internet? But you can't even browse it. You

01:33:47.039 --> 01:33:51.760
can't smell it. You can't. Right? So is he driven?

01:33:51.859 --> 01:33:53.380
Is he saying, no, I want to be a hundred billionaire?

01:33:53.739 --> 01:33:56.079
No, he's got an idea. He's got a business idea.

01:33:56.140 --> 01:33:58.920
He wants to gain wealth, of course, as any business

01:33:58.920 --> 01:34:02.380
person does. But the people who are actually

01:34:02.380 --> 01:34:06.250
driven? are driven by forces that are not money.

01:34:06.829 --> 01:34:10.670
As Elon famously said, you know, how do you make

01:34:10.670 --> 01:34:13.489
a small fortune in rockets? Start with a large

01:34:13.489 --> 01:34:19.630
fortune. But it's just these people that are

01:34:19.630 --> 01:34:23.270
doing this insane innovation like him, like trying

01:34:23.270 --> 01:34:26.930
to deliver things with drones and trying to spread

01:34:26.930 --> 01:34:28.689
the business further and further and further.

01:34:28.869 --> 01:34:31.569
It's like you always wonder, like, what is the

01:34:31.569 --> 01:34:34.329
motivation? Like, what keeps you doing this?

01:34:34.510 --> 01:34:38.729
I can tell you this. Did I imagine 10 years ago

01:34:38.729 --> 01:34:40.729
that when I ordered something on the internet?

01:34:41.770 --> 01:34:44.029
I would be disappointed if it didn't come tomorrow.

01:34:44.390 --> 01:34:46.810
Or today. Or this afternoon. Amazon has their

01:34:46.810 --> 01:34:48.609
own trucks now. Right. They can deliver it to

01:34:48.609 --> 01:34:50.930
you today. Right, right. Gone are the days. Oh,

01:34:50.949 --> 01:34:52.649
it'll get there in two weeks and three weeks.

01:34:52.649 --> 01:34:55.010
Like, what's wrong with you? No, tomorrow. Tomorrow.

01:34:55.090 --> 01:34:57.630
I need this now. Yeah. And even if I don't need

01:34:57.630 --> 01:34:59.829
it, I want it now. Yeah, if I see it like the

01:34:59.829 --> 01:35:01.829
toothpaste is going to come on Friday, I'm like,

01:35:01.869 --> 01:35:04.449
today's Tuesday. Why the fuck do I have to wait

01:35:04.449 --> 01:35:06.890
until Friday for toothpaste? Come. Let's go.

01:35:07.729 --> 01:35:10.270
Let's go. So Jeff Bezos did that to you. I know.

01:35:10.270 --> 01:35:11.609
It's amazing. You've been brainwashed. by the

01:35:11.609 --> 01:35:15.890
man it's amazing but people like that do push

01:35:15.890 --> 01:35:18.890
innovation in that that's why i don't get anywhere

01:35:18.890 --> 01:35:21.710
yeah i'd let him go oh yeah well i'm just joking

01:35:21.710 --> 01:35:24.170
around about him motivating his motivation i

01:35:24.170 --> 01:35:26.189
mean i saw his new yacht i think that's where

01:35:26.189 --> 01:35:29.689
the motivation is those are expensive yes you

01:35:29.689 --> 01:35:31.449
need 150 billion bucks if you want to have a

01:35:31.449 --> 01:35:33.470
couple of those yeah yachts are a whole other

01:35:33.470 --> 01:35:35.869
thing but he's got like a city it's like a city

01:35:35.869 --> 01:35:38.569
that floats around have you seen it No, but I've

01:35:38.569 --> 01:35:40.449
been on other yachts of highly wealthy people.

01:35:40.670 --> 01:35:44.029
Is it preposterous? I've never been. I don't

01:35:44.029 --> 01:35:47.670
judge it, but I— I do. I'll judge for you. I

01:35:47.670 --> 01:35:48.970
was on a yacht. Describe it to me. I'll tell

01:35:48.970 --> 01:35:51.270
you why it's stupid. I was on Charles Simone's

01:35:51.270 --> 01:35:52.930
yacht. He's one of the Microsoft billionaires.

01:35:53.050 --> 01:35:55.550
And there's a staff there, and I like talking

01:35:55.550 --> 01:35:59.050
to people, talking to the staff. And I said,

01:35:59.270 --> 01:36:01.869
oh, you know, there are people cleaning, and

01:36:01.869 --> 01:36:05.189
there's a sailor type or whatever that role is

01:36:05.189 --> 01:36:08.220
in the thing there. I say, oh, so where do you

01:36:08.220 --> 01:36:11.979
live? And he says, here. I said, oh, in New York,

01:36:12.020 --> 01:36:16.380
because it was important. No, here, on the yacht.

01:36:17.539 --> 01:36:18.920
And I said, oh, well, when you're not on the

01:36:18.920 --> 01:36:21.840
yacht, weird. Oh, I'm from Italy, but I live

01:36:21.840 --> 01:36:23.979
on the yacht. I said, how do you get your mail?

01:36:24.800 --> 01:36:26.479
He said, well, I get back to Italy. I'll pick

01:36:26.479 --> 01:36:28.720
it up there, but I live on. And so the idea that

01:36:28.720 --> 01:36:31.960
you are so wealthy, you can buy people and put

01:36:31.960 --> 01:36:36.840
them in this floating place. And they call that

01:36:36.840 --> 01:36:39.239
their home. I had to wrap my head around that.

01:36:39.380 --> 01:36:42.420
I couldn't. That's heavy. That was just a little

01:36:42.420 --> 01:36:45.119
weird to me. But it makes sense. If you have

01:36:45.119 --> 01:36:48.340
like some 500 foot long boat. It's a permanent

01:36:48.340 --> 01:36:50.279
staff. You have to have people there all the

01:36:50.279 --> 01:36:51.960
time because things are probably always breaking.

01:36:52.180 --> 01:36:54.539
Yep. Yep. Yep. And I went into the pantry and

01:36:54.539 --> 01:36:56.180
you can see the multiple refrigerators and the

01:36:56.180 --> 01:36:59.960
wine cellar. It's like a giant restaurant slash

01:36:59.960 --> 01:37:03.079
apartment building. Correct. Correct. And he's

01:37:03.079 --> 01:37:05.529
got a chopper on the top. Let me see what Jeff

01:37:05.529 --> 01:37:09.430
Bezos' looks like. Someone I saw has its own

01:37:09.430 --> 01:37:14.890
yacht. The yacht has a yacht. Well, this guy,

01:37:14.930 --> 01:37:17.609
the billionaire, what was his name? Charles Simone.

01:37:18.090 --> 01:37:19.949
Go to that guy. Actually, it is Bezos' yacht.

01:37:20.170 --> 01:37:22.409
Oh, let's see it. Bezos' yacht has a yacht? Has

01:37:22.409 --> 01:37:25.289
a separate yacht. Look at that fellow. Why does

01:37:25.289 --> 01:37:27.789
every picture come up with his bald head right

01:37:27.789 --> 01:37:30.430
there? Looking happy. Looking so happy. All right.

01:37:30.430 --> 01:37:33.649
So you got the yacht. 417 -foot super yacht that's

01:37:33.649 --> 01:37:36.909
so massive. It has its own support yacht. That

01:37:36.909 --> 01:37:39.149
doesn't include the cost. A helipad. Estimated

01:37:39.149 --> 01:37:41.569
cost, not including the boat's support boat,

01:37:41.750 --> 01:37:47.130
is $500 million. That is wild. That's a half

01:37:47.130 --> 01:37:50.590
a billion dollar. Yeah. Yeah. That's one 300th

01:37:50.590 --> 01:37:53.850
of his wealth. He made $75 billion in 2020 alone.

01:37:54.270 --> 01:37:58.520
During COVID. Yeah. There you go. Insane. Project

01:37:58.520 --> 01:38:00.340
721. Because he kept delivering while everyone

01:38:00.340 --> 01:38:04.479
else says we can't deliver. Yeah. So that's his

01:38:04.479 --> 01:38:07.939
boat. Let me see that thing. Woo. Good Lord.

01:38:08.840 --> 01:38:14.600
Wow. That's not it. That's it. That's it? This

01:38:14.600 --> 01:38:16.720
is it. That was something else called Project

01:38:16.720 --> 01:38:19.220
Valkyrie or something. Oh, some other thing.

01:38:19.260 --> 01:38:20.739
That yacht, that doesn't look all that impressive.

01:38:20.979 --> 01:38:25.399
I got a yacht that big. Look at the size of that

01:38:25.399 --> 01:38:27.720
thing. I mean, it's basically. You can have a

01:38:27.720 --> 01:38:29.600
great star party on the deck of that. Oh, for

01:38:29.600 --> 01:38:31.359
sure, right? If you get out in the middle of

01:38:31.359 --> 01:38:32.880
the ocean. Oh, yeah, that'd be cool. That's the

01:38:32.880 --> 01:38:35.899
move, isn't it? Yeah, okay. When I get my first

01:38:35.899 --> 01:38:38.239
hundred billion, I'll invite you. Please, I'll

01:38:38.239 --> 01:38:40.380
go. We'll do a few shows from there. I'll do

01:38:40.380 --> 01:38:44.199
whatever you want. We'll do shows. So I tried

01:38:44.199 --> 01:38:46.399
to quantify. What is that, Jamie? That's where

01:38:46.399 --> 01:38:49.840
they made it, I believe. Oh, wow. They built

01:38:49.840 --> 01:38:52.520
it in a giant warehouse on the water. Then you

01:38:52.520 --> 01:38:55.039
drop it in the water, I think. Whoa. Slide it

01:38:55.039 --> 01:38:57.949
in there. What a weird market, the market for

01:38:57.949 --> 01:39:01.109
half -billion -dollar yachts. Who would have

01:39:01.109 --> 01:39:03.750
thought there even was such a market? I just

01:39:03.750 --> 01:39:05.729
want to try to find my tweet. Can you dig up

01:39:05.729 --> 01:39:08.470
a tweet? Sure. Can you search tweets? Can you

01:39:08.470 --> 01:39:12.430
do it? Just tweet my handle and Bezos. And I

01:39:12.430 --> 01:39:15.250
quantified his wealth at $100 billion, and I

01:39:15.250 --> 01:39:16.970
want you to see this calculation that I did.

01:39:17.229 --> 01:39:19.949
Well, what's crazy is that's what he made basically

01:39:19.949 --> 01:39:23.270
last year, right? We said he made $70 -something

01:39:23.270 --> 01:39:27.220
billion last year. Mm -hmm. A year? In 2007.

01:39:27.420 --> 01:39:31.359
Okay. Okay. Not that anybody asked, but laid

01:39:31.359 --> 01:39:36.079
end to end, Jeff Bezos' $200 billion can encircle

01:39:36.079 --> 01:39:41.520
Earth 180 times, then reach the moon and back

01:39:41.520 --> 01:39:46.159
30 times, and with what's left over, make a stack

01:39:46.159 --> 01:39:50.739
10 kilometers high. Holy shit. With what's left

01:39:50.739 --> 01:39:52.960
over. That's all $1 bills. Yeah, sorry. Those

01:39:52.960 --> 01:39:55.539
are $1 bills. You know. That's what I pictured

01:39:55.539 --> 01:39:59.140
there, the $1 bill in the tweet. I just wanted

01:39:59.140 --> 01:40:01.340
to sort of, it was a reality check on how much

01:40:01.340 --> 01:40:05.180
money that is when you can do amazing space things

01:40:05.180 --> 01:40:07.899
with it and then you have leftover money. What's

01:40:07.899 --> 01:40:10.880
interesting is he's not slowing down, right?

01:40:10.979 --> 01:40:14.500
And he seems relatively healthy. Yeah. Like he's

01:40:14.500 --> 01:40:17.159
fit, works out a lot, he's gotten jacked. Got

01:40:17.159 --> 01:40:18.720
jacked in a few of those photos. Yeah. That's

01:40:18.720 --> 01:40:21.770
fine. He's probably going to keep going for decades.

01:40:22.210 --> 01:40:24.770
Maybe he's found the serum for infinite life.

01:40:24.970 --> 01:40:28.630
Yeah, billions of dollars. By the way, the world

01:40:28.630 --> 01:40:30.670
has always been influenced by billionaires, so

01:40:30.670 --> 01:40:33.369
this is not a special time. And sometimes with

01:40:33.369 --> 01:40:36.069
terrible results, right? That's right. William

01:40:36.069 --> 01:40:38.909
Randolph Hearst. Yeah, all of them. Count them

01:40:38.909 --> 01:40:41.689
up. Yeah. Count them up. Ben Franklin was pretty

01:40:41.689 --> 01:40:43.310
wealthy in his day as well. Was he really? Yeah.

01:40:43.579 --> 01:40:46.460
And he still flew that kite by himself? What

01:40:46.460 --> 01:40:48.939
a wild man. He didn't even hire somebody? Hey,

01:40:48.939 --> 01:40:53.000
I got an idea, but this might suck. You might

01:40:53.000 --> 01:40:54.979
die. You might get electrocuted, but let's do

01:40:54.979 --> 01:40:58.779
it. Yeah, if YouTube was around then, you'd see

01:40:58.779 --> 01:41:00.939
him doing that experiment on YouTube. I wonder

01:41:00.939 --> 01:41:03.279
if it really happened. Like the whole George

01:41:03.279 --> 01:41:05.239
Washington and the cherry tree. That's probably

01:41:05.239 --> 01:41:09.359
bullshit. Yeah, but I think people want legends.

01:41:09.680 --> 01:41:13.300
Of course. Yeah, yeah. Of course. They help give

01:41:13.300 --> 01:41:15.560
meaning to events in your life. When you got

01:41:15.560 --> 01:41:18.579
a guy like Bezos, though, that is at the helm

01:41:18.579 --> 01:41:23.579
of this intense empire and also is in many ways

01:41:23.579 --> 01:41:26.890
like Elon. He's fascinated with technological

01:41:26.890 --> 01:41:29.869
growth, right? He's got this deep, what is this,

01:41:29.970 --> 01:41:33.090
blue sky, blue origin? Blue origin, yeah. Blue

01:41:33.090 --> 01:41:36.130
origin. So he has his own rocket ship program.

01:41:36.670 --> 01:41:41.649
He's got his own, I think it's Evian? Plus people

01:41:41.649 --> 01:41:43.109
worry that all the billionaires are building

01:41:43.109 --> 01:41:45.229
rockets to get to Mars, and they wonder, are

01:41:45.229 --> 01:41:46.449
they just going to leave us all here on Earth?

01:41:47.250 --> 01:41:50.010
What is it, Revion? He's got an electric car

01:41:50.010 --> 01:41:51.789
company as well that they're heavily invested

01:41:51.789 --> 01:41:55.760
in. So there's many things that are similar,

01:41:55.880 --> 01:41:59.819
that they're doing these kind of fascinating,

01:42:00.340 --> 01:42:03.079
groundbreaking, innovative business practices.

01:42:03.239 --> 01:42:05.220
Let them do it. Yeah, fuck yeah. Yeah, yeah,

01:42:05.239 --> 01:42:08.100
yeah. I'm all in. I'm just watching. I'm just

01:42:08.100 --> 01:42:11.680
like, it's fascinating, this cat. So can we talk

01:42:11.680 --> 01:42:14.239
about questions? Yes. Want to do that? Yes. Okay.

01:42:14.359 --> 01:42:17.560
That's my - Questions that have no answers. Well,

01:42:17.560 --> 01:42:22.699
that's my segue, my awkward segue. to the book

01:42:22.699 --> 01:42:28.159
I just published called Cosmic Queries. It's

01:42:28.159 --> 01:42:33.119
a book that is not based on answers that we have.

01:42:33.960 --> 01:42:39.159
It's based on questions that we've posed. And

01:42:39.159 --> 01:42:41.520
some questions have really good answers, and

01:42:41.520 --> 01:42:43.479
we're good. Others, we're still poking around,

01:42:43.619 --> 01:42:46.420
and we think we're on the tail of it. And other

01:42:46.420 --> 01:42:49.340
questions, we don't even know if it's the right

01:42:49.340 --> 01:42:53.960
question. So it's a celebration of human curiosity

01:42:53.960 --> 01:42:58.220
at its deepest level. With whole sections, one

01:42:58.220 --> 01:43:03.380
of them is, how did it all begin? What's it all

01:43:03.380 --> 01:43:06.859
made of? Are we alone in the universe? Very relevant

01:43:06.859 --> 01:43:12.699
to now. Also, how will it all end? And when you're

01:43:12.699 --> 01:43:14.800
on the bleeding frontier of science, you don't

01:43:14.800 --> 01:43:18.539
always know if the question you ask is even valid.

01:43:20.050 --> 01:43:22.109
This idea where every question is equal. No,

01:43:22.170 --> 01:43:24.869
that's not true. That's not true. It's just not.

01:43:24.989 --> 01:43:26.590
Trust me, I've asked a lot of stupid questions.

01:43:27.010 --> 01:43:29.109
No, I'm not saying that. But when you're on the

01:43:29.109 --> 01:43:31.489
frontier, you just don't know. So I can give

01:43:31.489 --> 01:43:34.710
an absurd example. Suppose you posed a question.

01:43:35.069 --> 01:43:37.609
You say to yourself, I want to design an experiment

01:43:37.609 --> 01:43:40.470
that will visit the moon and test what kind of

01:43:40.470 --> 01:43:45.050
cheese the moon is made out of. So you have special

01:43:45.050 --> 01:43:49.369
equipment. Is it goat cheese? Is it brie, roquefort?

01:43:49.670 --> 01:43:53.109
And then you get there and it's made out of silicates.

01:43:54.109 --> 01:43:58.350
The question had no meaning. Even though nouns

01:43:58.350 --> 01:44:00.109
and verbs were in the right place and it had

01:44:00.109 --> 01:44:01.689
a question mark and you were able to design an

01:44:01.689 --> 01:44:04.909
experiment, the question had no meaning in that

01:44:04.909 --> 01:44:10.289
realm. Let me get a more philosophical one. Visit

01:44:10.289 --> 01:44:13.920
Santa Claus. Okay? Santa Claus on the North Pole.

01:44:14.020 --> 01:44:19.380
And you say, Santa, which way is north? And every

01:44:19.380 --> 01:44:24.060
direction Santa points is due south. Because

01:44:24.060 --> 01:44:27.779
on the North Pole, the question, which way is

01:44:27.779 --> 01:44:32.279
north, has no meaning. You can't even go east.

01:44:32.380 --> 01:44:35.699
Every way you point is south. Correct. So on

01:44:35.699 --> 01:44:38.960
the grid that we've all agreed that we use to

01:44:38.960 --> 01:44:43.750
establish coordinates of Earth. Santa Claus can

01:44:43.750 --> 01:44:49.130
only go south. The question, which way is north,

01:44:49.289 --> 01:44:53.069
has no meaning. So these are clear to us. That's

01:44:53.069 --> 01:44:55.149
heavy. These are clear to us that this is the

01:44:55.149 --> 01:44:59.949
case. There are other questions where you know

01:44:59.949 --> 01:45:03.250
not to ask because you just know not to ask.

01:45:03.310 --> 01:45:06.529
We live on a spherical earth, and I say to you,

01:45:06.689 --> 01:45:10.850
how far do you have to walk before you fall off?

01:45:11.480 --> 01:45:15.260
Earth's surface. You know to not even ask that.

01:45:15.939 --> 01:45:18.180
I am assuming you're not a flat earther. You

01:45:18.180 --> 01:45:19.859
know not to ask that because the Earth's surface

01:45:19.859 --> 01:45:22.739
curves back on itself. The question has no meaning

01:45:22.739 --> 01:45:26.340
on a curved surface. But you thought you were

01:45:26.340 --> 01:45:27.819
proud of yourself for even coming up with the

01:45:27.819 --> 01:45:30.880
question. Now you design a whole research project

01:45:30.880 --> 01:45:34.159
to answer that question and you find out you

01:45:34.159 --> 01:45:35.659
shouldn't have asked the question to begin with.

01:45:35.720 --> 01:45:40.000
But you didn't know in advance necessarily. Here's

01:45:40.000 --> 01:45:48.100
another one. How about Pinocchio? Let's visit

01:45:48.100 --> 01:45:51.600
Pinocchio's universe. Okay? Okay. All right.

01:45:51.659 --> 01:45:57.439
And Pinocchio's there. And Pinocchio says, my

01:45:57.439 --> 01:46:04.079
nose is about to grow. What happens next? He

01:46:04.079 --> 01:46:08.239
has to tell a lie. Tell me what happens to his

01:46:08.239 --> 01:46:13.890
nose. It grows when he lies. He just said, my

01:46:13.890 --> 01:46:16.489
nose is about to grow. And if it grows, that

01:46:16.489 --> 01:46:18.850
meant he was telling the truth. No. It means

01:46:18.850 --> 01:46:22.329
he's about to tell a lie. That's all he says

01:46:22.329 --> 01:46:25.010
is, my nose is about to grow. Right. But maybe

01:46:25.010 --> 01:46:29.350
he keeps talking. Okay. So like someone says,

01:46:29.649 --> 01:46:33.750
do I look fat in this outfit? He says, my nose

01:46:33.750 --> 01:46:38.270
is about to grow. You look great. All right.

01:46:38.289 --> 01:46:41.300
Let's tighten it up then. Okay. Pinocchio says,

01:46:41.500 --> 01:46:46.680
my nose is growing. So what's his nose doing?

01:46:47.899 --> 01:46:49.840
Well, I would assume he just got done lying.

01:46:50.239 --> 01:46:52.579
So his nose is probably growing. No, because

01:46:52.579 --> 01:46:54.779
he's lying. He just told the truth. His nose

01:46:54.779 --> 01:46:56.800
is growing. What if he lied and then his nose

01:46:56.800 --> 01:46:59.239
grows because he lied? What if he says my nose

01:46:59.239 --> 01:47:01.579
is growing because his nose isn't growing? But

01:47:01.579 --> 01:47:03.880
because he lied about his nose growing, his nose

01:47:03.880 --> 01:47:06.000
grows. No, that's not how it works. Bro, I just

01:47:06.000 --> 01:47:09.279
cracked it. No. Didn't I just crack it? I think

01:47:09.279 --> 01:47:11.100
I just cracked it. I'm glad you made sense to

01:47:11.100 --> 01:47:13.619
yourself in that sequence. No, I did make sense.

01:47:13.619 --> 01:47:16.880
If Pinocchio's nose was not growing and he said,

01:47:16.899 --> 01:47:19.800
my nose is growing, that would be a lie, then

01:47:19.800 --> 01:47:24.800
his nose would grow. Correct. Oh! So if his nose

01:47:24.800 --> 01:47:28.739
is not growing. When he says my nose is growing.

01:47:28.840 --> 01:47:31.319
It's a lie. He's lying, which means his nose

01:47:31.319 --> 01:47:35.119
should grow. Yes. Okay. What I'm saying is that

01:47:35.119 --> 01:47:41.020
Pinocchio cannot interact with his nose in any

01:47:41.020 --> 01:47:47.760
truthful way because the world of rules associated

01:47:47.760 --> 01:47:51.869
with his universe prevents it. I see what you're

01:47:51.869 --> 01:47:54.989
saying. So in his universe, it has to be that

01:47:54.989 --> 01:47:58.010
he's deceiving someone and his nose involuntarily

01:47:58.010 --> 01:48:00.750
grows. Yeah, but that's not how that works in

01:48:00.750 --> 01:48:03.390
his universe. In his universe, if he tells a

01:48:03.390 --> 01:48:05.329
lie, his nose grows. If he tells a truth, his

01:48:05.329 --> 01:48:08.310
nose doesn't grow. If he says my nose is growing

01:48:08.310 --> 01:48:12.010
and it's not growing, he's lying and his nose

01:48:12.010 --> 01:48:17.270
should grow. So my only point there is the Pinocchio

01:48:17.270 --> 01:48:20.069
universe and the rules that apply within it.

01:48:21.449 --> 01:48:24.850
prevent that sentence from having any meaning

01:48:24.850 --> 01:48:28.069
at all. In the same way, Santa Claus, which way

01:48:28.069 --> 01:48:31.949
is north, has no meaning. So now we ask, what

01:48:31.949 --> 01:48:37.250
was around before the universe began? I do not

01:48:37.250 --> 01:48:42.409
know if that's an authentic question. Do we have

01:48:42.409 --> 01:48:46.210
an idea about the birth and death of the universe

01:48:46.210 --> 01:48:49.529
based on our own biological limitations? Not...

01:48:50.060 --> 01:48:52.920
Not that we're not measuring, not that there's

01:48:52.920 --> 01:48:56.119
not a keen understanding of the radio frequency

01:48:56.119 --> 01:49:00.899
from the Big Bang, but just the idea. Do we put

01:49:00.899 --> 01:49:04.239
a limitation? Do we think of the idea of the

01:49:04.239 --> 01:49:07.500
universe beginning or ending based on our own

01:49:07.500 --> 01:49:10.439
idea of life and death, that these things must

01:49:10.439 --> 01:49:13.180
apply to all things that we see? No, because

01:49:13.180 --> 01:49:19.409
until 1930s... We had no idea the universe would

01:49:19.409 --> 01:49:21.729
have a beginning. It was assumed other than biblical

01:49:21.729 --> 01:49:24.770
account. Scientifically, the universe just simply

01:49:24.770 --> 01:49:26.890
always was. There was no evidence for that, but

01:49:26.890 --> 01:49:28.670
we had no reason to think any other way about

01:49:28.670 --> 01:49:31.930
it. And so we didn't force the universe to have

01:49:31.930 --> 01:49:34.729
a beginning because that felt good to us. You're

01:49:34.729 --> 01:49:36.189
not going to do that unless you have authentic.

01:49:36.779 --> 01:49:39.300
justification for it. So just no one really talked

01:49:39.300 --> 01:49:41.159
about it. I have books from that period. There

01:49:41.159 --> 01:49:44.899
is no chapter on cosmology. It ends with the

01:49:44.899 --> 01:49:47.300
starry skies of the night. It's starting with

01:49:47.300 --> 01:49:49.039
the discussion of the planets. And it doesn't

01:49:49.039 --> 01:49:51.560
even go there because it doesn't know to go there

01:49:51.560 --> 01:49:53.979
until you have data forcing the question. There

01:49:53.979 --> 01:49:55.720
wasn't enough information. Correct. And then

01:49:55.720 --> 01:49:57.460
we say, oh my gosh, the universe is expanding,

01:49:57.479 --> 01:50:00.380
discovered by Hubble in 1929. That means it's

01:50:00.380 --> 01:50:03.039
bigger today than it was yesterday. It's bigger

01:50:03.039 --> 01:50:05.489
yesterday than it was the day before. Let's run

01:50:05.489 --> 01:50:08.369
the clock back. Could all the universe have been

01:50:08.369 --> 01:50:10.649
in the same place at the same time? That meant

01:50:10.649 --> 01:50:14.430
it might have had a beginning. Say that again?

01:50:15.869 --> 01:50:18.850
If we're expanding, run the clock back, we were

01:50:18.850 --> 01:50:21.170
smaller in the past. Could the whole universe

01:50:21.170 --> 01:50:23.170
have been in the same place at the same time

01:50:23.170 --> 01:50:26.090
at some distant point? If it was, that means

01:50:26.090 --> 01:50:28.380
the universe had a beginning. That's when the

01:50:28.380 --> 01:50:30.899
whole conversation began about the universe having

01:50:30.899 --> 01:50:32.819
a beginning. It had nothing to do with the fact

01:50:32.819 --> 01:50:34.380
that we're born and we live out our lives and

01:50:34.380 --> 01:50:38.439
die. It had nothing to do with that. So now we

01:50:38.439 --> 01:50:40.260
have a beginning, but what was around before

01:50:40.260 --> 01:50:43.039
the beginning? That's an important and interesting

01:50:43.039 --> 01:50:47.060
question. I don't know. I should say that differently.

01:50:47.239 --> 01:50:51.039
That is a question, an English language sentence

01:50:51.039 --> 01:50:54.229
question. I do not know if that question has

01:50:54.229 --> 01:50:56.989
any more or less meaning than asking Santa Claus

01:50:56.989 --> 01:51:01.970
which way is north. When we look at the Big Bang

01:51:01.970 --> 01:51:04.210
and we look at the fact that the universe is

01:51:04.210 --> 01:51:07.250
expanding and they know that there was some sort

01:51:07.250 --> 01:51:12.289
of an event, by measuring, how exactly do they

01:51:12.289 --> 01:51:15.380
measure? the radio frequencies that come from

01:51:15.380 --> 01:51:18.079
the big bang like what is what's the oh so it's

01:51:18.079 --> 01:51:20.399
microwave it's microwave and it's it's really

01:51:20.399 --> 01:51:23.739
it's it's not as deep as you might want to think

01:51:23.739 --> 01:51:28.619
it is it okay so do you realize you can't see

01:51:28.619 --> 01:51:32.159
through the sun right the sun is not transparent

01:51:32.159 --> 01:51:35.399
to visible light because visible light when it

01:51:35.399 --> 01:51:37.420
enters the sun the sun is made of plasma which

01:51:37.420 --> 01:51:40.899
is a gas where electrons have been ripped off,

01:51:40.939 --> 01:51:43.680
ripped into the soup. So you have free -moving

01:51:43.680 --> 01:51:47.680
electrons and atoms, and it's a soup. The electrons

01:51:47.680 --> 01:51:51.439
are not part of the atoms. The consequence of

01:51:51.439 --> 01:51:55.199
that is light interacts heavily with free electrons.

01:51:56.380 --> 01:51:59.760
So you try to move light through a plasma, and

01:51:59.760 --> 01:52:02.100
the light sees an electron. It careens off of

01:52:02.100 --> 01:52:05.550
it. And it does not travel in a straight line.

01:52:05.630 --> 01:52:09.510
It bounces and careens and scatters. And so by

01:52:09.510 --> 01:52:11.069
the time the light comes out the other side,

01:52:11.210 --> 01:52:14.510
you lost all hope of any information about what

01:52:14.510 --> 01:52:16.829
was on the other side of the star or on the other

01:52:16.829 --> 01:52:21.869
side of that plasma. Okay. So the early universe

01:52:21.869 --> 01:52:25.510
was very hot. You can calculate what those temperatures

01:52:25.510 --> 01:52:29.710
must have been. So hot that all atoms are ionized

01:52:29.710 --> 01:52:33.390
and the whole universe is plasma. So light is

01:52:33.390 --> 01:52:37.750
just bouncing around within the universe. In

01:52:37.750 --> 01:52:40.050
fact, a lot of visible light is doing this. Then

01:52:40.050 --> 01:52:42.890
the universe expands and cools. The electrons

01:52:42.890 --> 01:52:46.590
combine with the atoms. All of a sudden, the

01:52:46.590 --> 01:52:49.270
beam of light is no longer batted to and fro

01:52:49.270 --> 01:52:53.069
by these free electrons. And you reach a point

01:52:53.069 --> 01:52:57.810
where the universe clears. And it becomes transparent

01:52:57.810 --> 01:53:01.640
to the passage of light. In that moment, all

01:53:01.640 --> 01:53:04.359
the light that was contained in that fireball

01:53:04.359 --> 01:53:09.399
now moves free across the universe. That light,

01:53:09.539 --> 01:53:14.479
for the last 14 billion years, has been expanding

01:53:14.479 --> 01:53:17.539
with the expanding universe, and the energy of

01:53:17.539 --> 01:53:20.279
the visible light is now microwaves. You point

01:53:20.279 --> 01:53:22.979
a microwave telescope in any direction, it is

01:53:22.979 --> 01:53:30.250
bathed in microwaves from that event. Whoa. Now,

01:53:30.270 --> 01:53:33.670
when you're measuring something that is – the

01:53:33.670 --> 01:53:38.289
estimated date of the Big Bang is 13 .8 billion

01:53:38.289 --> 01:53:41.109
years. Billion years ago, right. Is that – October

01:53:41.109 --> 01:53:46.329
3rd. Is that the amount that they can measure

01:53:46.329 --> 01:53:51.409
or is there a potential further point that can't

01:53:51.409 --> 01:53:56.090
be measured? So we see objects that sent their

01:53:56.090 --> 01:54:02.550
light to us basically 14 billion years ago. How

01:54:02.550 --> 01:54:04.670
about objects farther away than that? There are

01:54:04.670 --> 01:54:06.869
surely objects farther away, but the universe

01:54:06.869 --> 01:54:09.250
isn't old enough yet for its light to reach us.

01:54:09.569 --> 01:54:16.310
Whoa. So it's possible that things are far, far

01:54:16.310 --> 01:54:20.630
more distant. We could be living in an infinite

01:54:20.630 --> 01:54:24.130
universe, but all we have access to is our little

01:54:24.130 --> 01:54:29.880
bubble. And so every year goes by. We got a little

01:54:29.880 --> 01:54:32.939
more data. The bubble gets one light year larger.

01:54:33.180 --> 01:54:36.279
Oh, wow. And we see a little bit more of whatever

01:54:36.279 --> 01:54:39.439
universe is out there. Now, here's what makes

01:54:39.439 --> 01:54:43.539
it, like, lose sleep deep. Okay? You ready? Oh,

01:54:43.560 --> 01:54:46.199
boy. I love these. Okay. So how is it we can

01:54:46.199 --> 01:54:48.939
see the birth of the universe? That already happened.

01:54:49.579 --> 01:54:59.380
It's because it takes light time to travel. light

01:54:59.380 --> 01:55:04.539
years ago, we are seeing galaxies being born.

01:55:06.539 --> 01:55:11.420
Okay. Wait a billion years. Now, these galaxies

01:55:11.420 --> 01:55:13.479
are a billion years older. They're no longer

01:55:13.479 --> 01:55:16.380
being born. In fact, they're not giving us this

01:55:16.380 --> 01:55:18.020
light that I was telling you about that became

01:55:18.020 --> 01:55:20.260
microwaves. But wait a minute. The universe is

01:55:20.260 --> 01:55:23.720
now 15 billion years old. I can now see objects

01:55:23.720 --> 01:55:27.279
that have given their light to me from 15 billion

01:55:27.279 --> 01:55:32.880
years ago. They are now being born. I'm seeing

01:55:32.880 --> 01:55:36.979
them being born. So as long as there is a universe

01:55:36.979 --> 01:55:39.720
out there, and as long as the whole universe

01:55:39.720 --> 01:55:42.020
had the same birth date, which all evidence points

01:55:42.020 --> 01:55:45.439
to, I will always see evidence of the Big Bang.

01:55:46.460 --> 01:55:52.079
Because that information is always fresh to us

01:55:52.079 --> 01:55:56.600
from a distance whose light only just now reached

01:55:56.600 --> 01:56:02.079
us. So what you're going to look for is the day

01:56:02.079 --> 01:56:08.619
when this expanding horizon washes over nothing.

01:56:11.180 --> 01:56:13.779
If this expanding horizon moves and there's no

01:56:13.779 --> 01:56:17.720
galaxies there and there's nothing, then all

01:56:17.720 --> 01:56:19.960
the information about the formation of the universe

01:56:19.960 --> 01:56:25.199
goes away. And the Big Bang no longer has anybody

01:56:25.199 --> 01:56:30.199
telling us it is going through a Big Bang. That

01:56:30.199 --> 01:56:33.260
would be the edge of the known matter content

01:56:33.260 --> 01:56:41.939
of the universe. When scientists study this information

01:56:41.939 --> 01:56:46.539
and they look back at this time period of 13

01:56:46.539 --> 01:56:50.420
.8 billion years and they hypothesize or they

01:56:50.420 --> 01:56:53.420
try to come up with theories about how far it

01:56:53.420 --> 01:56:56.039
could go back beyond that. How do they do that?

01:56:56.279 --> 01:56:58.619
No, the birth date is the same for this entire

01:56:58.619 --> 01:57:00.939
universe. Even the part of the universe we can't

01:57:00.939 --> 01:57:02.760
see. So even the part of the universe we can't

01:57:02.760 --> 01:57:03.920
see. We all have the same birth date. No matter

01:57:03.920 --> 01:57:06.180
what, it's 13 .8 billion years. Correct. Now,

01:57:06.180 --> 01:57:08.920
what about the idea that things expand and contract

01:57:08.920 --> 01:57:11.859
and that it ultimately will all come back together?

01:57:12.420 --> 01:57:17.319
It's allowed in the equations, but the data has

01:57:17.319 --> 01:57:20.119
never supported that. And all data support a

01:57:20.119 --> 01:57:24.520
one -way. Not only that, the discovery of dark

01:57:24.520 --> 01:57:28.239
energy is accelerating the expansion. There's

01:57:28.239 --> 01:57:30.859
a whole section of the book on how it'll all

01:57:30.859 --> 01:57:34.779
end. And you get really speculative. It's like,

01:57:34.899 --> 01:57:36.720
okay, given what's happening now and given what

01:57:36.720 --> 01:57:40.340
we know, here's what we think. If the accelerated

01:57:40.340 --> 01:57:47.180
expansion goes unchecked, it will overcome. all

01:57:47.180 --> 01:57:49.539
the forces that are currently binding everything

01:57:49.539 --> 01:57:53.899
you know and love. Like gravity? Yes, it'll overcome

01:57:53.899 --> 01:57:56.180
gravity. So the galaxies will no longer be able

01:57:56.180 --> 01:57:58.840
to hold together. Because the expansion of the

01:57:58.840 --> 01:58:01.779
universe is now manifesting at a local level

01:58:01.779 --> 01:58:05.560
rather than on a much larger level. So galaxies

01:58:05.560 --> 01:58:08.859
start getting stretched apart. And then the planets

01:58:08.859 --> 01:58:11.039
orbiting stars start getting stretched apart.

01:58:11.380 --> 01:58:15.859
And then the molecules start getting broken apart.

01:58:16.119 --> 01:58:21.039
And then the atoms themselves. And then in the

01:58:21.039 --> 01:58:26.189
limit, this stretching. reaches the very pixels

01:58:26.189 --> 01:58:31.170
that comprise the fabric of space and time. It's

01:58:31.170 --> 01:58:35.510
called the Planck length. That is the very structure

01:58:35.510 --> 01:58:39.170
of what comprises everything we know in the universe.

01:58:39.350 --> 01:58:43.229
And so the expansion will ultimately hit that.

01:58:43.890 --> 01:58:50.390
And we do not know. We don't know what the consequence

01:58:50.390 --> 01:58:52.409
of that. You know what we call it? It's called

01:58:52.409 --> 01:58:55.609
the Big Rip. What happens when you stretch fabric?

01:58:56.010 --> 01:58:58.550
There's a point where it doesn't stretch anymore,

01:58:58.829 --> 01:59:04.310
and it rips. That's in between 20 and 22 billion

01:59:04.310 --> 01:59:08.489
years from now. If the cosmic acceleration goes

01:59:08.489 --> 01:59:14.170
unchecked, the world will end in a big rip. Wow.

01:59:15.710 --> 01:59:18.350
What could possibly check it? Not with a bang,

01:59:18.390 --> 01:59:23.100
but with a rip. Now, the idea of something, of

01:59:23.100 --> 01:59:27.260
it being unchecked, like what could potentially

01:59:27.260 --> 01:59:34.520
cause it to be checked? So, we don't know. We

01:59:34.520 --> 01:59:36.460
don't know. There could be some other thing that

01:59:36.460 --> 01:59:38.560
lands in the lab. Wait, just one quick, can I

01:59:38.560 --> 01:59:40.199
run to the bathroom? Yeah, yeah, yeah. This is

01:59:40.199 --> 01:59:42.119
not live, right? No, no, we'll be fine. We'll

01:59:42.119 --> 01:59:43.560
be right back to it real quick. Me and Jamie

01:59:43.560 --> 01:59:52.350
would talk shit about you. Take a left. Dude.

01:59:53.550 --> 01:59:56.430
Yeah, I know 20 billion years doesn't sound like,

01:59:56.529 --> 01:59:58.130
I mean, it sounds like you don't have to worry

01:59:58.130 --> 02:00:02.489
about it. But doesn't that, like, the idea that

02:00:02.489 --> 02:00:05.449
the universe is gone in 20 billion years, that

02:00:05.449 --> 02:00:08.029
freaks me out. It shouldn't. I don't have much

02:00:08.029 --> 02:00:11.390
time left personally. But the idea that there'll

02:00:11.390 --> 02:00:15.130
be no universe at all to speak of what we're

02:00:15.130 --> 02:00:19.010
looking at, it'll all be molecules broken down.

02:00:21.000 --> 02:00:22.739
I'm trying to figure out how to even wrap my

02:00:22.739 --> 02:00:27.760
head around it. Yeah, well, it's why it's so

02:00:27.760 --> 02:00:29.460
important for people like that to be out there,

02:00:29.520 --> 02:00:32.600
that have these things that they can pose, these

02:00:32.600 --> 02:00:35.500
questions and these scenarios they can describe,

02:00:35.720 --> 02:00:39.819
where your mind is like, wait, what? And then

02:00:39.819 --> 02:00:42.659
what happens? No one knows. But we have this

02:00:42.659 --> 02:00:47.300
extreme desire to know what happens next. Like,

02:00:47.300 --> 02:00:50.560
what happens? What happens when I die? What happens

02:00:50.560 --> 02:00:53.739
if Austin has 5 million people? What happens

02:00:53.739 --> 02:00:55.800
if they don't get rid of the tents? What happens

02:00:55.800 --> 02:00:57.779
if, you know what I mean? There's always a what

02:00:57.779 --> 02:01:00.880
happens if. What happens if there's no more matter

02:01:00.880 --> 02:01:03.680
in the universe? It gets broken down to pixels.

02:01:05.020 --> 02:01:07.739
First of all, I thought pixels were just a visual

02:01:07.739 --> 02:01:11.500
representation of things on phones and screens

02:01:11.500 --> 02:01:13.760
and laptops and shit. Did you even know that

02:01:13.760 --> 02:01:17.529
a pixel was a unit of measurement? The fabric

02:01:17.529 --> 02:01:20.630
of the universe? Definitely not. Proof simulation

02:01:20.630 --> 02:01:23.869
theory, it sounds like. Yeah, right? If you get

02:01:23.869 --> 02:01:26.909
further and further out? If you had to bet all

02:01:26.909 --> 02:01:31.810
your money, if you had, again, if you had one

02:01:31.810 --> 02:01:35.569
side yes, one side no for simulation theory.

02:01:36.930 --> 02:01:41.810
No worries. Yes. If I'm betting? Yes. Yes. If

02:01:41.810 --> 02:01:47.229
I'm betting UFOs? No. No? Wow. Heavy. Jamie just

02:01:47.229 --> 02:01:51.010
blew my mind. He doesn't believe in UFOs. He

02:01:51.010 --> 02:01:53.149
does believe in simulation theory. I was taking

02:01:53.149 --> 02:01:55.270
his bet earlier. I would bet that. Oh, okay.

02:01:55.550 --> 02:01:58.289
I bet it's something. I bet it's us. I bet with

02:01:58.289 --> 02:02:01.350
UFOs, I bet they're from another planet, and

02:02:01.350 --> 02:02:03.369
I think they're probes. That's what I think.

02:02:03.550 --> 02:02:05.609
I think they're probes. You think they're from

02:02:05.609 --> 02:02:07.420
here? That means we don't get to. Could be. Touch

02:02:07.420 --> 02:02:09.380
the aliens. Yeah, I don't think they're interested

02:02:09.380 --> 02:02:11.000
in touching us. I think they think we're too

02:02:11.000 --> 02:02:12.880
volatile. We're crazy. We shoot each other all

02:02:12.880 --> 02:02:14.859
the time. So let me tell you about the big rip.

02:02:15.000 --> 02:02:18.000
Yes. So it's terrifying. Yes. Because fabric,

02:02:18.180 --> 02:02:23.060
you stretch it to a point and it rips. So that's

02:02:23.060 --> 02:02:25.180
just the end of the end of the end with that

02:02:25.180 --> 02:02:27.779
happening. If something puts it in check, then

02:02:27.779 --> 02:02:33.560
we keep expanding. And what happens is all stars

02:02:33.560 --> 02:02:41.710
die. All – and the proton decays and we're left

02:02:41.710 --> 02:02:44.390
with an entire universe of just sort of base

02:02:44.390 --> 02:02:48.050
particles where nothing happens. Right. Because

02:02:48.050 --> 02:02:51.130
there's no source of energy left. And that's

02:02:51.130 --> 02:02:55.229
a less interesting fate than a big rip. But what's

02:02:55.229 --> 02:02:57.649
for me interesting is – and by the way, all this

02:02:57.649 --> 02:02:59.289
is in the last chapter. We talk about how it

02:02:59.289 --> 02:03:07.100
might all end. multiverses that might exist.

02:03:08.380 --> 02:03:15.600
So in our universe, there are likely other bubbles

02:03:15.600 --> 02:03:19.239
that are also expanding. And we're just one bubble

02:03:19.239 --> 02:03:21.520
among them. And this is the sort of traditional

02:03:21.520 --> 02:03:23.380
multiverse that people think about. And there

02:03:23.380 --> 02:03:25.460
may be an infinite number of these dotted into

02:03:25.460 --> 02:03:28.020
the total universe. Can I pause you right here?

02:03:28.140 --> 02:03:30.720
Yeah. So the idea is that our universe is infinite.

02:03:31.539 --> 02:03:34.750
Possibly, yes. The bubble. That we exist in.

02:03:34.869 --> 02:03:38.430
Maybe infinite? No. Our bubble is one bubble

02:03:38.430 --> 02:03:40.689
within an infinite universe. And that infinite

02:03:40.689 --> 02:03:43.489
universe contains an infinite number of other

02:03:43.489 --> 02:03:47.350
bubbles. But our bubble is essentially, as we

02:03:47.350 --> 02:03:51.170
can measure it, 13 .8 billion light years across.

02:03:51.550 --> 02:03:53.510
No. It's bigger than that. It's bigger than that.

02:03:53.529 --> 02:03:56.029
It's just that it's been 13 .8 billion years

02:03:56.029 --> 02:03:58.890
travel time for the light. But over that time,

02:03:58.930 --> 02:04:01.109
the universe has expanded. So we have a diameter

02:04:01.109 --> 02:04:04.680
of like 100 billion. light years across. And

02:04:04.680 --> 02:04:06.800
how do they estimate that? Because you know the

02:04:06.800 --> 02:04:10.539
rate that you're expecting. So that object sent

02:04:10.539 --> 02:04:14.020
us its light 14 .8 billion years ago. The light's

02:04:14.020 --> 02:04:16.060
been traveling that long. Well, what has the

02:04:16.060 --> 02:04:18.430
universe been doing? For 14 .8 billion years.

02:04:18.550 --> 02:04:20.489
They're expanding. It's been expanding. So that

02:04:20.489 --> 02:04:24.189
actual object is much farther away from us than

02:04:24.189 --> 02:04:27.649
14 billion light years away. That's a point of

02:04:27.649 --> 02:04:29.529
confusion for many people. Yes. It's because

02:04:29.529 --> 02:04:32.470
in my field, we're kind of loose about it. We

02:04:32.470 --> 02:04:35.649
say 14 billion light years to the edge. Well,

02:04:35.670 --> 02:04:39.529
that's 14 billion years the time the light has

02:04:39.529 --> 02:04:41.949
been traveling from the edge. And where did the

02:04:41.949 --> 02:04:44.489
concept of these bubbles come from? The idea

02:04:44.489 --> 02:04:48.539
that... Each one of these little universes, not

02:04:48.539 --> 02:04:50.880
little obviously, but each one of these universes

02:04:50.880 --> 02:04:55.159
exists in some sort of a realm. It's a great

02:04:55.159 --> 02:04:56.819
question and an important question. So here's

02:04:56.819 --> 02:04:58.420
what happens. So now we have the beginning of

02:04:58.420 --> 02:05:01.039
the universe, the Big Bang. This has been around

02:05:01.039 --> 02:05:05.840
with us for 70, 80 years. And that's pretty stable

02:05:05.840 --> 02:05:09.359
in terms of our understanding of things. But

02:05:09.359 --> 02:05:12.939
now we take quantum physics, which is the science

02:05:12.939 --> 02:05:16.869
of the small. and add it to Einstein's general

02:05:16.869 --> 02:05:20.449
relativity, the science of the large. Why would

02:05:20.449 --> 02:05:22.369
you do that? Because at the beginning of the

02:05:22.369 --> 02:05:26.069
universe, the large is small. So think about

02:05:26.069 --> 02:05:28.090
this. We have general relativity, which gives

02:05:28.090 --> 02:05:30.369
us black holes and all the rest of this. That

02:05:30.369 --> 02:05:33.250
applies to big macroscopic things. I'm good with

02:05:33.250 --> 02:05:37.130
that. No problem. Quantum physics refers to atomic

02:05:37.130 --> 02:05:40.369
things primarily and molecules and how they behave.

02:05:41.449 --> 02:05:45.569
And the two don't... talk to each other. It's

02:05:45.569 --> 02:05:48.829
like they don't, in fact, they're incompatible.

02:05:49.390 --> 02:05:51.489
And this is how you get string theorists. String

02:05:51.489 --> 02:05:52.609
theorists say, well, these are incompatible.

02:05:52.670 --> 02:05:55.949
Maybe there's a third theory above those two

02:05:55.949 --> 02:05:59.489
that combines them. And we have top people working

02:05:59.489 --> 02:06:03.649
on that. When you start combining quantum physics

02:06:03.649 --> 02:06:06.489
with general relativity, because there was a

02:06:06.489 --> 02:06:09.989
time when the universe was small, then the entire

02:06:09.989 --> 02:06:16.090
universe behaves in quantum ways. And so you

02:06:16.090 --> 02:06:21.649
can create a state of the universe where it's

02:06:21.649 --> 02:06:24.770
what's called a false. It's in a false state.

02:06:25.170 --> 02:06:26.989
So it's a false state. Let's say you have a hill

02:06:26.989 --> 02:06:29.930
that goes down, but then the hill goes back up

02:06:29.930 --> 02:06:31.409
and then it goes down to a much lower point.

02:06:32.050 --> 02:06:35.409
So now you take a marble and roll it down. Maybe

02:06:35.409 --> 02:06:37.729
it'll just sort of get stuck up there in that

02:06:37.729 --> 02:06:42.289
first dip. Well, if our universe is there. we

02:06:42.289 --> 02:06:45.250
might not become a universe. But it's possible

02:06:45.250 --> 02:06:48.750
to tunnel out of that and then slide all the

02:06:48.750 --> 02:06:52.350
way down to the bottom. When you do that, you

02:06:52.350 --> 02:06:55.850
release energy. And when that happens, you birth

02:06:55.850 --> 02:07:01.609
a universe. And it turns out this process is

02:07:01.609 --> 02:07:05.350
not limited to happening once. So this can happen

02:07:05.350 --> 02:07:09.819
multiple times. From people I've spoken with

02:07:09.819 --> 02:07:11.960
who work in this field, because it's slightly

02:07:11.960 --> 02:07:15.140
outside of my direct astrophysics interests,

02:07:15.420 --> 02:07:19.159
there are different kinds of these multiverses.

02:07:19.159 --> 02:07:20.739
One of them could have the same laws of physics

02:07:20.739 --> 02:07:23.640
that we have. That's what leads people to say

02:07:23.640 --> 02:07:26.239
there's another Joe Rogan, but he's the evil

02:07:26.239 --> 02:07:28.500
Joe Rogan with a goatee or whatever. But also

02:07:28.500 --> 02:07:30.300
there's another Joe Rogan that said everything

02:07:30.300 --> 02:07:32.460
that I've said exactly the way I've said it.

02:07:32.479 --> 02:07:34.800
This would be the claim. You're a twin, but maybe

02:07:34.800 --> 02:07:36.260
there's a little difference or not. Correct.

02:07:36.520 --> 02:07:39.579
Correct. An infinite number of them, right? The

02:07:39.579 --> 02:07:42.239
idea is that if the universe is that big. And

02:07:42.239 --> 02:07:43.840
it has an infinite number of universes. There

02:07:43.840 --> 02:07:46.279
are infinite combinations of events and particles

02:07:46.279 --> 02:07:48.300
and manifestations of energy. An infinite number

02:07:48.300 --> 02:07:51.479
of Neil deGrasse Tysons. Possibly. On an infinite

02:07:51.479 --> 02:07:53.140
number of these podcasts. I wouldn't want that

02:07:53.140 --> 02:07:55.220
because that would be... It's fine. I'd like

02:07:55.220 --> 02:07:57.800
different people. There are plenty of those too.

02:07:57.899 --> 02:08:00.159
Okay, plenty of those too. So now watch. Now

02:08:00.159 --> 02:08:01.939
imagine a universe where the laws of physics

02:08:01.939 --> 02:08:04.840
are slightly different. That's a different manifestation

02:08:04.840 --> 02:08:08.380
of this process. Right. Is the speed of light

02:08:08.380 --> 02:08:13.100
a little different? Is the, you know... So that's

02:08:13.100 --> 02:08:16.779
another level of multiverse. And there's several

02:08:16.779 --> 02:08:19.859
levels, but the... The most significant one is

02:08:19.859 --> 02:08:24.760
one where not only are the laws of physics different,

02:08:24.859 --> 02:08:28.579
but maybe there's a universe where there are

02:08:28.579 --> 02:08:32.979
no laws of physics at all. A wild west of physics?

02:08:33.079 --> 02:08:36.680
A wild west. Or maybe there's one where even

02:08:36.680 --> 02:08:40.800
the parameters that establish mathematical truths

02:08:40.800 --> 02:08:46.489
are fungible. Ooh. Right. So the value of pi

02:08:46.489 --> 02:08:49.430
is something else. Extra props for using the

02:08:49.430 --> 02:08:51.550
word fungible. It's one of my new favorite words.

02:08:51.569 --> 02:08:53.710
Is that right? Excellent. Non -fungible tokens

02:08:53.710 --> 02:08:58.710
have brought it up. So all I'm saying is in the

02:08:58.710 --> 02:09:02.710
last part of the book, we explore all of these

02:09:02.710 --> 02:09:06.989
exit ramps from the universe that take us to

02:09:06.989 --> 02:09:09.329
the end of the universe. And we don't even know

02:09:09.329 --> 02:09:11.430
if we're asking the right question. But what

02:09:11.430 --> 02:09:16.050
we share with you is a sense. of where the current

02:09:16.050 --> 02:09:18.770
thinking would take us if you extended it to

02:09:18.770 --> 02:09:21.609
its limits. When you ponder questions like this,

02:09:21.770 --> 02:09:25.170
when you ponder questions like other universes

02:09:25.170 --> 02:09:27.649
with different laws of physics or no laws of

02:09:27.649 --> 02:09:29.989
physics or fungible laws of physics, when you

02:09:29.989 --> 02:09:34.210
sit around... What is your process? Do you sit

02:09:34.210 --> 02:09:38.310
alone in your office and sit in front of a laptop

02:09:38.310 --> 02:09:40.470
and start writing this stuff out? Like, how do

02:09:40.470 --> 02:09:43.430
you ponder these things? I think I can speak

02:09:43.430 --> 02:09:45.810
for many of my colleagues. There's some experiments

02:09:45.810 --> 02:09:48.409
that are collaborative. And so, for example,

02:09:48.510 --> 02:09:50.470
the mission to Mars. Everyone got together. You

02:09:50.470 --> 02:09:53.010
get the engineers. We want this craft. We're

02:09:53.010 --> 02:09:54.210
going to put in this experiment. We're going

02:09:54.210 --> 02:09:55.489
to look for water. We're going to look for life.

02:09:55.729 --> 02:09:59.810
Okay. That's not the solo burning midnight oil.

02:10:00.289 --> 02:10:04.229
when you're trying to think deep thoughts about

02:10:04.229 --> 02:10:07.729
what might or might not be true, objectively

02:10:07.729 --> 02:10:10.510
true in the universe, that can be a little more

02:10:10.510 --> 02:10:13.470
solitary, I think. And you can come up with ideas

02:10:13.470 --> 02:10:16.649
anyway. Forget this deductive reasoning, inductive,

02:10:16.670 --> 02:10:19.090
forget all that. You can have an idea just sitting

02:10:19.090 --> 02:10:21.789
on a toilet, okay? And it could be a spark. It

02:10:21.789 --> 02:10:23.590
could be because you saw some great work of art.

02:10:24.390 --> 02:10:30.399
And so sources of... sparks of creativity and

02:10:30.399 --> 02:10:33.060
inspiration can come from anything. You could

02:10:33.060 --> 02:10:35.859
be religious and you want to manifest the glory

02:10:35.859 --> 02:10:38.460
of God and that's what's triggering you to have

02:10:38.460 --> 02:10:42.659
these thoughts. Okay? So the creative process

02:10:42.659 --> 02:10:47.920
is not so regimented as the teaching of scientific

02:10:47.920 --> 02:10:51.539
method would have you believe. You go to a science

02:10:51.539 --> 02:10:54.039
lab, well, what is your hypothesis? What is your

02:10:54.039 --> 02:10:56.159
this? What is the test of the hypothesis? You

02:10:56.159 --> 02:10:58.270
know, I don't even have an hypothesis. I don't

02:10:58.270 --> 02:11:01.989
know. I just wonder, you know? So the formality

02:11:01.989 --> 02:11:06.649
that we are often exposed to is not always how

02:11:06.649 --> 02:11:09.310
that unfolds. So on top of that, getting back

02:11:09.310 --> 02:11:12.409
to your question, often new thoughts, you are

02:11:12.409 --> 02:11:14.890
alone. You're just, you know, you're not distracted.

02:11:15.409 --> 02:11:18.649
In this world of multitasking, no, great ideas,

02:11:18.670 --> 02:11:21.310
I don't think, come out of multitasking. I don't

02:11:21.310 --> 02:11:23.649
think so either. And there's a saying, great

02:11:23.649 --> 02:11:28.779
saying. If you want to be more creative, become

02:11:28.779 --> 02:11:34.239
less productive. Because in a day, you can say,

02:11:34.279 --> 02:11:36.359
oh, I got my email done, and I went to groceries.

02:11:36.619 --> 02:11:39.180
Well, did you think about anything? Did you create

02:11:39.180 --> 02:11:42.140
anything? Well, we're rarely bored, right? That's

02:11:42.140 --> 02:11:43.640
part of the problem. That's a problem. It is

02:11:43.640 --> 02:11:45.720
a problem, and people don't think it is. Yeah,

02:11:45.739 --> 02:11:47.060
that's a problem. They say, well, I've been busy,

02:11:47.100 --> 02:11:48.800
and that's good. And I'm saying, did you create

02:11:48.800 --> 02:11:51.119
anything? Maybe you don't want to create anything.

02:11:51.140 --> 02:11:53.199
I don't want to judge you for not having done

02:11:53.199 --> 02:11:56.720
so. If you want creativity to be a fundamental

02:11:56.720 --> 02:11:59.100
part of your life, then you're going to have

02:11:59.100 --> 02:12:02.399
to not get stuff done at some point. That's a

02:12:02.399 --> 02:12:04.819
nice excuse for a lot of lazy people out there.

02:12:04.899 --> 02:12:08.000
I'm just trying to be creative, man. That's why

02:12:08.000 --> 02:12:13.300
I'm on the couch with the bong. This is a creative

02:12:13.300 --> 02:12:17.100
moment. But your process is what I'm asking specifically.

02:12:17.260 --> 02:12:22.489
I read a lot of science. Well, there's journals.

02:12:22.550 --> 02:12:24.810
There's books that people have read. There are

02:12:24.810 --> 02:12:27.109
fields within astrophysics that are slightly

02:12:27.109 --> 02:12:29.970
outside of my research expertise. And some of

02:12:29.970 --> 02:12:31.390
those folks have written popular level books.

02:12:31.449 --> 02:12:32.949
I'll read those. Those are fun because they're

02:12:32.949 --> 02:12:35.270
sort of scoped. There are review papers that

02:12:35.270 --> 02:12:41.449
are written. And for me, new ideas, I mean, think

02:12:41.449 --> 02:12:45.069
about it. What is a new idea? You might even

02:12:45.069 --> 02:12:48.210
call it the definition of genius. It's you see

02:12:48.210 --> 02:12:52.050
what everyone else sees. But you think what no

02:12:52.050 --> 02:12:56.529
one else has thought. But now you want to make

02:12:56.529 --> 02:13:01.229
sure. But add to that, maybe you are so diverse

02:13:01.229 --> 02:13:04.930
in what you expose yourself to that you see more

02:13:04.930 --> 02:13:08.430
than what other people see. And when you see

02:13:08.430 --> 02:13:11.770
more, you have the capacity to make connections

02:13:11.770 --> 02:13:14.310
that might not have previously been imagined,

02:13:14.470 --> 02:13:19.270
either by you or by anybody else. This is the

02:13:19.270 --> 02:13:23.670
value of cross -pollinating fields. It's why

02:13:23.670 --> 02:13:28.270
major discoveries can come in from the side in

02:13:28.270 --> 02:13:31.529
what is otherwise a very staid path of progress.

02:13:32.970 --> 02:13:38.529
So in a hospital, people say, how do you want

02:13:38.529 --> 02:13:41.289
to invest money? In physics? That's so 20th century

02:13:41.289 --> 02:13:44.210
with the Cold War and the bombs. Let's invest

02:13:44.210 --> 02:13:48.939
in biology. That's the ticket. So that makes

02:13:48.939 --> 02:13:53.699
sense as a headline, but let's unpack that. Go

02:13:53.699 --> 02:13:57.380
walk into a hospital and line up every single

02:13:57.380 --> 02:14:01.060
machine brought into the service of diagnosing

02:14:01.060 --> 02:14:04.300
the condition of the human body without cutting

02:14:04.300 --> 02:14:07.439
you open. So you'd have the MRI or the x -ray

02:14:07.439 --> 02:14:10.380
machines. You'd have the ultrasound. There's

02:14:10.380 --> 02:14:13.960
no end of these machines. that are in the service

02:14:13.960 --> 02:14:17.380
of the hospital, and MRI, admittedly, is the

02:14:17.380 --> 02:14:21.560
doctor's best friend, okay, in studying what's

02:14:21.560 --> 02:14:27.539
inside your body. To a machine, every single

02:14:27.539 --> 02:14:30.039
one of them is based on a principle of physics

02:14:30.039 --> 02:14:33.960
discovered by a physicist who had no interest

02:14:33.960 --> 02:14:42.960
in medicine. Really? Yes. Wow. Okay. Even the

02:14:42.960 --> 02:14:46.640
radiology department. The doctors are using radioactive

02:14:46.640 --> 02:14:49.319
elements. Were there doctors that discovered

02:14:49.319 --> 02:14:51.680
radio? No. There are physicists. There are chemists.

02:14:51.760 --> 02:14:53.920
There's Marie Curie. These are people who are

02:14:53.920 --> 02:14:57.140
not in the medical community. The x -ray machine.

02:14:57.239 --> 02:14:59.619
Who discovered that? Wilhelm Röntgen. The very

02:14:59.619 --> 02:15:02.850
first Nobel Prize in physics went to him. So

02:15:02.850 --> 02:15:05.229
by specifically concentrating on biology. Now,

02:15:05.229 --> 02:15:08.350
he immediately saw the applications. He saw there's

02:15:08.350 --> 02:15:10.689
a picture of the bones of his hand. But he's

02:15:10.689 --> 02:15:14.689
a physicist. He's not saying let me help orthopedic

02:15:14.689 --> 02:15:17.350
surgeons set bones. This is not his motivation.

02:15:18.390 --> 02:15:22.470
So new ideas, especially new things that can

02:15:22.470 --> 02:15:27.109
transform society, tend to come from fields that

02:15:27.109 --> 02:15:29.270
if they're not tangent to your field, they're

02:15:29.270 --> 02:15:34.430
just some other kind of way in. And so some of

02:15:34.430 --> 02:15:36.350
the greatest advances in my field came about

02:15:36.350 --> 02:15:38.750
because chemists were in the coffee lounge at

02:15:38.750 --> 02:15:42.430
the same time we were. Or biologists walked in.

02:15:42.850 --> 02:15:50.710
That informs our astrobiology exploits. So it's

02:15:50.710 --> 02:15:53.949
not just let me sit down alone in an armchair

02:15:53.949 --> 02:15:57.869
and deduce the nature of the world. You want

02:15:57.869 --> 02:15:59.750
to be exposed to what everybody else is doing.

02:16:00.289 --> 02:16:03.020
You want to talk to them. You want to hear their

02:16:03.020 --> 02:16:07.500
ideas, collaborate. No one person, you know,

02:16:07.500 --> 02:16:10.020
the midnight oil, it makes a good TV show or

02:16:10.020 --> 02:16:14.880
movie, the midnight loner genius. But science,

02:16:15.100 --> 02:16:17.460
most science today does not unfold that way.

02:16:18.819 --> 02:16:22.020
So getting back to my point, personally, I do

02:16:22.020 --> 02:16:24.500
a lot of reading. And when I have an idea, then

02:16:24.500 --> 02:16:26.760
I bounce it off of people who are highly critical

02:16:26.760 --> 02:16:30.039
and skeptical of any new idea. And if it survives

02:16:30.039 --> 02:16:33.239
that. You can't have an ego going into it. How

02:16:33.239 --> 02:16:35.479
do you do these bounce -offs? Do you sit down?

02:16:35.639 --> 02:16:39.420
Oh, I get colleagues and I say, what do you think

02:16:39.420 --> 02:16:42.319
of this idea? So do you prepare them? Like, hey,

02:16:42.399 --> 02:16:45.280
George, I'd like to sit down and have a chat

02:16:45.280 --> 02:16:48.020
with you. It can be. Hey, Mary, I've got a crazy

02:16:48.020 --> 02:16:52.200
idea to throw your way. It could. In fact, I

02:16:52.200 --> 02:16:53.739
was once at a wine tasting, and there's someone

02:16:53.739 --> 02:16:56.239
else there who's a biologist, and we came up

02:16:56.239 --> 02:16:57.799
with an idea together, and we're probably going

02:16:57.799 --> 02:17:01.360
to write a paper on it about life on Earth and

02:17:01.360 --> 02:17:04.299
in the universe. Just from a conversation at

02:17:04.299 --> 02:17:06.340
a wine tasting. You were both hammered. Talking

02:17:06.340 --> 02:17:09.639
shit, right? Well, what wine was that? That we

02:17:09.639 --> 02:17:12.360
were the vintage or whatever? No, so like I said,

02:17:12.459 --> 02:17:14.940
creativity can unfold in many ways, but because

02:17:14.940 --> 02:17:17.920
he's a biologist and I'm not, he says something.

02:17:17.920 --> 02:17:21.500
I said, wait a minute. I what do you think of

02:17:21.500 --> 02:17:23.239
this and he never thought of what I thought and

02:17:23.239 --> 02:17:25.719
I never thought of what he thought together It's

02:17:25.719 --> 02:17:28.399
magic and so this kind of creativity the sort

02:17:28.399 --> 02:17:32.860
of cooperative exploration of ideas then that

02:17:32.860 --> 02:17:35.819
gives birth in your mind to the idea of writing

02:17:35.819 --> 02:17:39.100
a book about something. It can, but first you

02:17:39.100 --> 02:17:41.059
would write a research paper and get a peer review,

02:17:41.180 --> 02:17:42.920
this sort of thing. And then if it's good and

02:17:42.920 --> 02:17:44.860
it's successful, and the public wants to know

02:17:44.860 --> 02:17:47.319
about it, that's ripe for a book. My books tend

02:17:47.319 --> 02:17:50.180
to be a little more summative than that. I don't

02:17:50.180 --> 02:17:53.020
write books on single topics. As an educator,

02:17:53.219 --> 02:17:57.149
I... I'm broad. And how do you get inspired in

02:17:57.149 --> 02:17:59.389
terms of the subject matter you choose? I mean,

02:17:59.430 --> 02:18:01.250
it's always about the cosmos, but in terms of

02:18:01.250 --> 02:18:05.909
specifics. You know what it is? It's I'm a servant

02:18:05.909 --> 02:18:11.750
of your curiosity and his curiosity and her curiosity.

02:18:11.750 --> 02:18:15.989
I'm a servant of that. tweet and as I post and

02:18:15.989 --> 02:18:18.250
as I walk the streets and as I sit in an airplane

02:18:18.250 --> 02:18:20.530
with someone next to me who learns that I know

02:18:20.530 --> 02:18:25.229
astrophysics and I hear their questions and as

02:18:25.229 --> 02:18:28.889
I reply, do their eyebrows go up and their eyes

02:18:28.889 --> 02:18:31.450
lighten or do they look bored and want to order

02:18:31.450 --> 02:18:36.430
their next drink? I monitor this and I make mental

02:18:36.430 --> 02:18:40.770
inventory of what excites people in the universe.

02:18:40.909 --> 02:18:46.040
And when I'm overloaded by what I know excites

02:18:46.040 --> 02:18:49.219
people, it's got to go into a book. So it just

02:18:49.219 --> 02:18:52.799
has to kind of catch fire. Catch fire. And especially

02:18:52.799 --> 02:18:59.399
my goal is to reignite curiosity within your

02:18:59.399 --> 02:19:05.760
soul of knowledge and searching that may have

02:19:05.760 --> 02:19:09.260
once ignited when you were a kid, but has long

02:19:09.260 --> 02:19:12.979
been dampened. Because we don't live in a world

02:19:12.979 --> 02:19:16.479
that promotes curiosity. We're in a very gullible

02:19:16.479 --> 02:19:20.360
world. Is it part of your strategy when you do

02:19:20.360 --> 02:19:23.110
your star talk, you do it with comedians? Is

02:19:23.110 --> 02:19:25.190
it part of your strategy? Yeah, thanks for mentioning

02:19:25.190 --> 02:19:28.350
that. So you yourself are a professional comedian

02:19:28.350 --> 02:19:30.750
among all the other hats you wear. So I deeply

02:19:30.750 --> 02:19:34.290
respect your field in that way. My co -host for

02:19:34.290 --> 02:19:37.309
StarTalk, the podcast, is always a professional

02:19:37.309 --> 02:19:39.930
stand -up comedian. Not the kind who just tells

02:19:39.930 --> 02:19:43.229
jokes, right? But the kind that sees the world

02:19:43.229 --> 02:19:46.870
and explores ways you might not have thought

02:19:46.870 --> 02:19:49.530
about it, connects it to the topic, and then

02:19:49.530 --> 02:19:52.440
you end up smiling while you're learning. And

02:19:52.440 --> 02:19:54.360
in my experience, if you smile while you learn,

02:19:54.420 --> 02:19:58.260
you learn better. You learn more deeply. And

02:19:58.260 --> 02:20:02.639
you come back for more. And do you actively curate

02:20:02.639 --> 02:20:05.020
these comedians? Do you go to comedy clubs? Yes.

02:20:05.020 --> 02:20:08.299
Well, I don't do all that footwork, but we have

02:20:08.299 --> 02:20:10.299
people who do. Yeah, we go to comedy clubs. And

02:20:10.299 --> 02:20:13.260
we like new comics. A lot of new folks, open

02:20:13.260 --> 02:20:16.360
mic night, that sort of thing. And there's some

02:20:16.360 --> 02:20:18.399
we return to more often than others. Chuck Nice

02:20:18.399 --> 02:20:20.979
is - Chuck's great on your show. He's one of

02:20:20.979 --> 02:20:23.739
our favorites. But he's obviously fascinated

02:20:23.739 --> 02:20:27.420
by the same topics. And he's smart, as all comedians

02:20:27.420 --> 02:20:29.299
are, in my experience. So he's not only smart,

02:20:29.420 --> 02:20:32.170
he's also - I need some of my friends. I could

02:20:32.170 --> 02:20:34.989
change your theory. Change my hypothesis. I'm

02:20:34.989 --> 02:20:39.750
sticking to it. You guys are smart. And so just

02:20:39.750 --> 02:20:44.489
the format of the show is, so it's not just comedian

02:20:44.489 --> 02:20:46.430
in the science. There's a pop culture element

02:20:46.430 --> 02:20:51.629
to it. So some ridiculous fraction of my life

02:20:51.629 --> 02:20:55.459
is invested staying fluent in pop culture. So

02:20:55.459 --> 02:20:57.700
that when I talk about the science and you don't

02:20:57.700 --> 02:20:59.420
know where I'm coming from, I say, well, consider

02:20:59.420 --> 02:21:02.440
this. This is what Beyonce did or this is what

02:21:02.440 --> 02:21:04.500
some politician said or this is what the pope

02:21:04.500 --> 02:21:08.959
was thinking about. And when you come to me with

02:21:08.959 --> 02:21:12.920
a pop culture scaffold and what makes a pop culture,

02:21:13.040 --> 02:21:15.760
everyone has a similar scaffold. I don't have

02:21:15.760 --> 02:21:19.079
to construct that. And I look at it and I analyze

02:21:19.079 --> 02:21:21.120
it from three dimensions and I say, I'm going

02:21:21.120 --> 02:21:24.299
to clad this bit of information on that part

02:21:24.299 --> 02:21:27.559
of that scaffold. And how do you actively engage

02:21:27.559 --> 02:21:31.620
with pop culture and curate sort of a knowledge

02:21:31.620 --> 02:21:33.680
base about what these wacky kids are interested

02:21:33.680 --> 02:21:37.260
in today? I read responses to my social media

02:21:37.260 --> 02:21:42.239
posts. Oh, that's easy. So the response is a

02:21:42.239 --> 02:21:46.559
neurosynaptic snapshot. of what people are thinking

02:21:46.559 --> 02:21:50.600
in response to the very words I choose, to the

02:21:50.600 --> 02:21:53.100
phrasing. If I think something is funny and nobody

02:21:53.100 --> 02:21:56.760
laughs, I want to know that. That's important

02:21:56.760 --> 02:21:59.920
information for me. If I think something isn't

02:21:59.920 --> 02:22:02.600
funny and they do laugh, if I missed something,

02:22:02.899 --> 02:22:06.340
if I was insensitive to something that I would

02:22:06.340 --> 02:22:09.079
have wanted to be had I known, that comes out.

02:22:09.879 --> 02:22:13.649
That's there. And that informs future encounters

02:22:13.649 --> 02:22:15.829
I have with people, informs sentences I compose

02:22:15.829 --> 02:22:23.049
for books. And that's me, in my mind's eye, being

02:22:23.049 --> 02:22:25.549
a servant of your curiosity. So you think of

02:22:25.549 --> 02:22:27.850
it almost as an ingredient in your education.

02:22:27.909 --> 02:22:31.409
Yes. Yes. It's not just, here's something, you

02:22:31.409 --> 02:22:33.049
better learn this or you're going to flunk the

02:22:33.049 --> 02:22:35.549
test. Every student who flunks the test is a

02:22:35.549 --> 02:22:37.709
statement for me about the instructor, not about

02:22:37.709 --> 02:22:41.829
the student. That's interesting. So you have

02:22:41.829 --> 02:22:44.409
teachers who say, you know, I just have some

02:22:44.409 --> 02:22:48.329
students that just don't want to learn. And all

02:22:48.329 --> 02:22:50.489
right, but have you ever heard a teacher say,

02:22:50.649 --> 02:22:54.329
I have students who aren't learning, so that

02:22:54.329 --> 02:22:57.709
must mean I suck at my job? I'm sure someone

02:22:57.709 --> 02:23:00.389
said that. I've never heard anyone say that.

02:23:00.909 --> 02:23:05.010
Okay. So at what point are you going to invert

02:23:05.010 --> 02:23:07.989
the table and say the burden of them learning

02:23:07.989 --> 02:23:12.180
is on me, not on them? Now, of course, in some

02:23:12.180 --> 02:23:14.860
cases it's impossible. Large classes, you can't

02:23:14.860 --> 02:23:18.239
be babysitter to everyone. Some people have emotional

02:23:18.239 --> 02:23:23.920
stability problems. So I get that. But I don't

02:23:23.920 --> 02:23:25.639
want to hear a teacher say, I have students who

02:23:25.639 --> 02:23:29.120
refuse to learn. My response is, I see a teacher

02:23:29.120 --> 02:23:32.280
who refuses to figure out how to get them to

02:23:32.280 --> 02:23:36.280
learn. Yeah, that takes more effort. Yeah. Yeah,

02:23:36.319 --> 02:23:39.770
that's hard. But is anything in life... worth

02:23:39.770 --> 02:23:43.229
achieving that isn't itself hard? Your role as

02:23:43.229 --> 02:23:47.670
an educator, and as an educator, a public educator,

02:23:47.909 --> 02:23:50.229
meaning you're someone who's in the public eye

02:23:50.229 --> 02:23:53.930
all the time, educating people in a pop culture

02:23:53.930 --> 02:23:57.129
way. Basically, right. But you're doing it about

02:23:57.129 --> 02:24:00.329
things like the nature of the universe itself.

02:24:00.790 --> 02:24:06.450
Super complex issues. And you're doing this all...

02:24:06.809 --> 02:24:10.270
under all this heavy scrutiny. I mean, the people

02:24:10.270 --> 02:24:13.170
from the meat company went after you the other

02:24:13.170 --> 02:24:17.790
day. What the hell was that? Steakums. Steakums

02:24:17.790 --> 02:24:21.729
had at you with you about a tweet. Yeah, here's

02:24:21.729 --> 02:24:23.309
what happened. I thought it was a little disingenuous

02:24:23.309 --> 02:24:25.409
on Steakums' part. Okay, so here's what happened.

02:24:26.149 --> 02:24:29.069
There's an anatomy of that that I find fascinating.

02:24:29.270 --> 02:24:35.399
I post a tweet. The tweet is... Something about

02:24:35.399 --> 02:24:37.979
not having to believe the science. Yeah. So the

02:24:37.979 --> 02:24:41.040
good thing about science is that it's true whether

02:24:41.040 --> 02:24:43.299
or not you believe in it. Right. Then steak.

02:24:43.319 --> 02:24:48.600
Hold on. Hold on. So now my very next tweet said,

02:24:48.739 --> 02:24:53.000
if you have the urge to argue with my previous

02:24:53.000 --> 02:24:57.180
tweet, please read this link before doing so.

02:24:57.879 --> 02:25:02.989
And it's a link to a four minute read. essay

02:25:02.989 --> 02:25:06.750
I wrote called What Science Is and How and Why

02:25:06.750 --> 02:25:10.350
It Works. Okay. Did you post that before or after

02:25:10.350 --> 02:25:12.409
Stakehams went after you? No, that's been posted

02:25:12.409 --> 02:25:15.010
for years. Right, but I'm saying did you post

02:25:15.010 --> 02:25:18.629
the second tweet? I don't. The second tweet was

02:25:18.629 --> 02:25:21.729
10 minutes after the first tweet. Okay. It was

02:25:21.729 --> 02:25:23.829
immediate, essentially immediate. So you're basically

02:25:23.829 --> 02:25:26.729
just following up with the reference. Because

02:25:26.729 --> 02:25:29.049
I knew people might want to try to take issue

02:25:29.049 --> 02:25:30.430
with this. But you didn't know it was going to

02:25:30.430 --> 02:25:35.610
be Stakehams. Okay. So watch. Here's what happened.

02:25:36.110 --> 02:25:41.549
That first tweet escaped from my following because

02:25:41.549 --> 02:25:46.309
so many people retweeted it. So now people are

02:25:46.309 --> 02:25:50.649
reading the first tweet without the benefit of

02:25:50.649 --> 02:25:54.870
the second tweet. Stakehams is among them. And

02:25:54.870 --> 02:25:57.190
I know this because when I read their reply to

02:25:57.190 --> 02:25:59.850
me, I looked at their header and it doesn't say

02:25:59.850 --> 02:26:03.280
Stakeham follows Neil Tyson. They don't follow

02:26:03.280 --> 02:26:05.079
me. If you don't follow me, you didn't see the

02:26:05.079 --> 02:26:08.260
first tweet. I mean, the second tweet. You had

02:26:08.260 --> 02:26:11.139
no idea that that was there. So you essentially

02:26:11.139 --> 02:26:15.360
said what they said to you, but with far more

02:26:15.360 --> 02:26:18.420
information. It's like his tweet to you, criticizing

02:26:18.420 --> 02:26:22.559
you, is essentially much of the same that was

02:26:22.559 --> 02:26:24.979
in your article. You're talking about... That

02:26:24.979 --> 02:26:27.579
article was entirely about what it means for

02:26:27.579 --> 02:26:30.520
science to establish truth. Yes. That science...

02:26:30.809 --> 02:26:33.809
It uniquely establishes what is objectively true

02:26:33.809 --> 02:26:36.309
in this world. And what did Stakeham say? Do

02:26:36.309 --> 02:26:38.229
we know what Stakeham said? No, they just screamed.

02:26:38.350 --> 02:26:42.290
And scientists said the world was flat. Or, you

02:26:42.290 --> 02:26:44.049
know, before Copernicus. Well, it's a little

02:26:44.049 --> 02:26:47.729
bit more articulate than that. It's quite clever.

02:26:48.090 --> 02:26:51.670
There was a total body of attack. Yes. Regarding

02:26:51.670 --> 02:26:54.870
citing occasions when scientists have been wrong.

02:26:55.800 --> 02:26:58.739
Okay. Well, he's also explaining, clarifying

02:26:58.739 --> 02:27:02.680
what the actual scientific method is versus just

02:27:02.680 --> 02:27:07.299
a flat statement like science doesn't need you

02:27:07.299 --> 02:27:09.920
to believe it's true or however you phrased it.

02:27:10.159 --> 02:27:12.440
Well, I'm just saying that, yeah, so the Stakeham

02:27:12.440 --> 02:27:14.899
one, there's some informed people there, I think,

02:27:14.940 --> 02:27:17.139
and they just like creating controversy. I don't

02:27:17.139 --> 02:27:18.639
have a problem with that. Isn't that bizarre

02:27:18.639 --> 02:27:20.540
that it's Stakeham's? Well, it's fine. Okay.

02:27:20.600 --> 02:27:23.559
I wrote back to them and I said, hi, Stakeham's.

02:27:24.950 --> 02:27:28.110
It looks like you don't follow me. So that accounts

02:27:28.110 --> 02:27:31.709
for why you didn't read this link. Had you read

02:27:31.709 --> 02:27:34.989
this link, and then I tried to be a little clever,

02:27:35.170 --> 02:27:39.569
clumsily. I said, if you and your followers took

02:27:39.569 --> 02:27:43.370
four minutes to put down your steak and cheese

02:27:43.370 --> 02:27:48.520
hoagie to read this essay. you would then understand

02:27:48.520 --> 02:27:50.120
the meaning of that treat and you would not.

02:27:50.159 --> 02:27:52.840
So I said that and then it became a whole thing.

02:27:52.920 --> 02:27:55.239
But that's the nature of social media. But I

02:27:55.239 --> 02:27:58.559
realized that I cannot have one tweet reference

02:27:58.559 --> 02:28:01.700
another because if the previous one is alive

02:28:01.700 --> 02:28:05.700
and it gets out, no one has any sense of where

02:28:05.700 --> 02:28:08.659
my following does. And they would say, oh, fascinating

02:28:08.659 --> 02:28:12.319
four -minute read. Thank you. I see and I agree

02:28:12.319 --> 02:28:16.139
and I talk about truths, the three kinds of truth.

02:28:16.670 --> 02:28:17.989
Do you know about that? Did I tell you this?

02:28:18.430 --> 02:28:22.590
Sure. Go ahead. Okay. Yeah. Yeah. I thought deeply

02:28:22.590 --> 02:28:24.809
about this and this was my conclusion. Okay.

02:28:26.049 --> 02:28:31.190
The three kinds of truths. One of them is the

02:28:31.190 --> 02:28:34.090
truth, a personal truth. This is something is

02:28:34.090 --> 02:28:37.010
true to you and no one can take it away from

02:28:37.010 --> 02:28:41.229
you. Jesus is your savior. In a free country,

02:28:41.389 --> 02:28:43.590
no one is going to take that from you. No one

02:28:43.590 --> 02:28:46.399
should take it from you. All right. Muhammad

02:28:46.399 --> 02:28:49.840
is the last prophet. These are personal truths

02:28:49.840 --> 02:28:54.100
that you hold dear. I don't have a problem with

02:28:54.100 --> 02:28:56.219
your personal truth. Is that the right word for

02:28:56.219 --> 02:29:02.079
it? I'm calling it that. Beliefs. We can call

02:29:02.079 --> 02:29:03.719
it beliefs, but they call it personal truths.

02:29:04.020 --> 02:29:06.559
I'm respecting. If you look at the word truth,

02:29:06.719 --> 02:29:10.200
the first websites are religious websites. Truth

02:29:10.200 --> 02:29:13.600
is a very important word within belief systems.

02:29:14.540 --> 02:29:17.379
And so I studied that and I said, all right,

02:29:17.420 --> 02:29:20.780
I'm not going to tell them, give me the word

02:29:20.780 --> 02:29:22.500
truth because you're not describing truth, you're

02:29:22.500 --> 02:29:26.120
describing belief. That's a fight I'm not interested

02:29:26.120 --> 02:29:30.879
or willing to have. Okay. Give them the truth.

02:29:31.000 --> 02:29:33.159
Look, there are whole posters with a cross and

02:29:33.159 --> 02:29:37.180
it says, seek the truth in Jesus, right? So I'm

02:29:37.180 --> 02:29:39.799
not going to fight that. That's a personal truth.

02:29:40.620 --> 02:29:42.579
It's not just a political truth. A political

02:29:42.579 --> 02:29:46.420
truth is something that becomes true in your

02:29:46.420 --> 02:29:51.659
head because it was repeated so many times. And

02:29:51.659 --> 02:29:56.479
aligns with what you want. OK, so hearing Trump

02:29:56.479 --> 02:29:59.479
talk about Hillary Clinton, it was crooked Hillary.

02:29:59.639 --> 02:30:01.239
Right. So what's Hillary's first name? Crooked

02:30:01.239 --> 02:30:04.799
because it was repeated so many times. And our

02:30:04.799 --> 02:30:10.959
brain gets co -opted because we. In nature, in

02:30:10.959 --> 02:30:12.979
the Serengeti, if we see something repeating,

02:30:13.299 --> 02:30:15.479
it gives us a good indication that maybe it's

02:30:15.479 --> 02:30:18.139
real and we should be careful about it, or it's

02:30:18.139 --> 02:30:21.319
a reliable thing. In modern times, we have co

02:30:21.319 --> 02:30:26.000
-opted that feature of human evolution, and now

02:30:26.000 --> 02:30:29.379
we give you information that has no foundation

02:30:29.379 --> 02:30:32.020
in truth, but repeat it, and in your head it

02:30:32.020 --> 02:30:36.760
becomes true. It becomes true. Especially if

02:30:36.760 --> 02:30:40.819
you want it to be true. I call that a political

02:30:40.819 --> 02:30:44.340
truth. The third truth is an objective truth.

02:30:45.200 --> 02:30:47.780
This is a truth established by the methods and

02:30:47.780 --> 02:30:52.860
tools of science and verified by the methods

02:30:52.860 --> 02:30:56.540
and tools of science. Once that is established,

02:30:56.680 --> 02:30:59.120
it doesn't later on become false. Like the temperature

02:30:59.120 --> 02:31:02.420
of boiling water. For example, under atmospheric...

02:31:03.170 --> 02:31:05.709
conditions, like the fact that Earth orbits the

02:31:05.709 --> 02:31:07.750
sun, like the fact that Earth is round, the sun

02:31:07.750 --> 02:31:10.209
is hot, there's thermonuclear fusion in the core,

02:31:10.409 --> 02:31:12.469
that the universe is expanding, that the galaxy

02:31:12.469 --> 02:31:14.809
is rotating, that there are other galaxies, that

02:31:14.809 --> 02:31:17.030
there's such a thing as quantum physics, that

02:31:17.030 --> 02:31:19.549
there are things called electrons and protons

02:31:19.549 --> 02:31:22.690
and neutrons and atoms and carbon. There is a

02:31:22.690 --> 02:31:25.549
body of objective truths established by the methods

02:31:25.549 --> 02:31:29.149
and tools of science that when it is established,

02:31:29.250 --> 02:31:33.030
it is not later found to be false. You can expand

02:31:33.030 --> 02:31:38.090
on that truth, the truth can become deeper, but

02:31:38.090 --> 02:31:42.190
it doesn't become false. And these methods and

02:31:42.190 --> 02:31:45.510
tools have been in practice basically since Galileo

02:31:45.510 --> 02:31:49.770
and Sir Francis Bacon, around 1600. Before then,

02:31:49.909 --> 02:31:55.569
some people knew about this process that science

02:31:55.569 --> 02:31:57.989
goes through, but it wasn't widespread practice,

02:31:58.090 --> 02:32:01.420
not until about 1600. So if you're going to say,

02:32:01.520 --> 02:32:04.440
you should see the responses in here. Scientists

02:32:04.440 --> 02:32:06.440
told us the earth was flat. That was before 1600.

02:32:08.280 --> 02:32:11.879
Scientists used to, oh, we used to bleed you

02:32:11.879 --> 02:32:15.860
with leeches. Okay. Well, let's go back to when

02:32:15.860 --> 02:32:18.200
we did that. All right. This would be biologists

02:32:18.200 --> 02:32:20.420
doing it. And what was the state of research

02:32:20.420 --> 02:32:22.860
at the time? That was a frontier thing they were

02:32:22.860 --> 02:32:26.819
doing. It wasn't verified. It was a hypothesis

02:32:26.819 --> 02:32:31.069
that they were acting on. OK, so, yeah, if the

02:32:31.069 --> 02:32:34.370
bleeding edge of science, most of that will turn

02:32:34.370 --> 02:32:38.590
out to be wrong. Most of it. It's when it gets

02:32:38.590 --> 02:32:41.569
tested and the press gets the single scientific

02:32:41.569 --> 02:32:44.110
result that's kind of intriguing and interesting.

02:32:44.250 --> 02:32:46.549
And they report it as a new scientific truth

02:32:46.549 --> 02:32:48.649
because it was a scientific study, especially

02:32:48.649 --> 02:32:51.909
if it comes from a place like Harvard. They'll

02:32:51.909 --> 02:32:54.629
put that up in the front sentence without saying.

02:32:55.520 --> 02:32:57.600
We don't know if this is actually true. We need

02:32:57.600 --> 02:33:00.680
verification from other studies. They don't say

02:33:00.680 --> 02:33:03.180
that typically or that's later on in the article.

02:33:04.000 --> 02:33:05.979
So that's how you can go from, oh, cholesterol

02:33:05.979 --> 02:33:07.579
is good for you. No, cholesterol is bad for you.

02:33:07.579 --> 02:33:09.520
No, cholesterol is good for you. No, cholesterol

02:33:09.520 --> 02:33:14.500
is bad for you. That was an unresolved research

02:33:14.500 --> 02:33:17.659
result. But you cited one research result that.

02:33:17.950 --> 02:33:20.790
was consistent with your own desires, and that

02:33:20.790 --> 02:33:23.450
became your new truth. That's, in a way, a political

02:33:23.450 --> 02:33:25.549
truth, if it's repeated enough. But then you

02:33:25.549 --> 02:33:28.190
find it's not that. It's because it's still an

02:33:28.190 --> 02:33:33.170
actively researched frontier. When you wrote

02:33:33.170 --> 02:33:37.010
out these three truths, how did you come to only

02:33:37.010 --> 02:33:41.430
three? Do you think there's room for more? Maybe.

02:33:42.610 --> 02:33:46.170
This is not an edict that thou shalt only have.

02:33:47.510 --> 02:33:50.629
When you see something repeated, I call that

02:33:50.629 --> 02:33:52.930
a political truth, but it's also a kind of a,

02:33:53.129 --> 02:33:56.569
there are other truths. So, for example, you've

02:33:56.569 --> 02:33:59.950
heard this. We only use 10 % of our brain. Yeah,

02:33:59.969 --> 02:34:02.389
but that's not real. There's an entire movie

02:34:02.389 --> 02:34:05.430
based on that premise. Lucy. Lucy. Yeah. Okay?

02:34:05.690 --> 02:34:10.569
That premise is false. It was never true. That's

02:34:10.569 --> 02:34:13.069
another kind of thing. It was never true. That

02:34:13.069 --> 02:34:15.229
annoyed me. I liked that movie, though. It was

02:34:15.229 --> 02:34:19.170
fun. It was good seeing Scarlett in that. And

02:34:19.170 --> 02:34:22.350
Morgan Freeman's in it. It's had some good roles.

02:34:23.610 --> 02:34:28.250
So let's go back to where it started from. You

02:34:28.250 --> 02:34:30.370
know where that came from? There was a neuroscientist,

02:34:30.389 --> 02:34:34.389
well, a brain scientist, who, because you can't

02:34:34.389 --> 02:34:36.909
do experiments on human brains, that's not ethical.

02:34:37.799 --> 02:34:40.079
All right. All you can do is wait till someone

02:34:40.079 --> 02:34:42.959
gets an accident. And so there's a nail gun that

02:34:42.959 --> 02:34:45.299
damages this part of the brain. Oh, you lost

02:34:45.299 --> 02:34:48.799
your language. Damage of this part. Oh, you lost

02:34:48.799 --> 02:34:50.840
your short term memory. Oh, you lost your long

02:34:50.840 --> 02:34:54.360
term memory. And so you assemble the bits of

02:34:54.360 --> 02:34:56.520
what the brain is doing by people who were injured.

02:34:57.260 --> 02:34:59.579
This is a very slow, clumsy process, but that's

02:34:59.579 --> 02:35:02.780
all you've got. The person wrote who had an article

02:35:02.780 --> 02:35:07.399
said the brain is so complex. Today, we only

02:35:07.399 --> 02:35:11.500
know what 10 % of it is used for. And that got...

02:35:11.500 --> 02:35:14.180
Overnight, that became we only use 10 % of our

02:35:14.180 --> 02:35:16.959
brain. And that became the mantra of school teachers

02:35:16.959 --> 02:35:19.540
getting children to rise to their potential.

02:35:19.760 --> 02:35:22.120
And there was no force operating against that

02:35:22.120 --> 02:35:24.520
coming into our culture. It wouldn't have ruined

02:35:24.520 --> 02:35:25.940
the movie if they didn't have that in there.

02:35:26.989 --> 02:35:29.270
I mean, there's no reason for that to be in the

02:35:29.270 --> 02:35:31.690
movie. The movie was fascinating as it was. They

02:35:31.690 --> 02:35:33.229
could have just given her some other power, but

02:35:33.229 --> 02:35:35.190
they went with that 10 % thing. Yeah, but they

02:35:35.190 --> 02:35:38.209
didn't even need to do that. Okay, can I give

02:35:38.209 --> 02:35:40.930
my critique even of that? Let's say we did only

02:35:40.930 --> 02:35:43.569
use 10 % of our brain. Here's my critique. Even

02:35:43.569 --> 02:35:46.350
if that were true. Okay. The smartest people

02:35:46.350 --> 02:35:51.950
you know, do they have an inkling of kinetic

02:35:51.950 --> 02:35:56.520
powers over objects in front of them? Why are

02:35:56.520 --> 02:36:00.479
we obsessed with extremely high intelligence

02:36:00.479 --> 02:36:05.920
having power over matter? Why aren't people with

02:36:05.920 --> 02:36:07.799
extremely high intelligence just good at solving

02:36:07.799 --> 02:36:11.200
problems? They're just the best people at solving

02:36:11.200 --> 02:36:13.920
problems in the world. We want superpowers. So

02:36:13.920 --> 02:36:15.920
they're becoming superpowers. That's right. And

02:36:15.920 --> 02:36:19.440
even the movie that had John Travolta in it.

02:36:19.760 --> 02:36:22.219
Oh, yeah. Phenomenon? Was that the one? The one

02:36:22.219 --> 02:36:24.299
where he gets struck by lightning? Right, right.

02:36:24.360 --> 02:36:27.280
And he's up there and he makes a top spin just

02:36:27.280 --> 02:36:31.040
by spinning his hand and the top pops up and

02:36:31.040 --> 02:36:33.739
spins. It's like, no. If you're smarter than

02:36:33.739 --> 02:36:36.079
everybody, you'll do smart things. You're not

02:36:36.079 --> 02:36:37.920
going to sort of levitate objects. His brain

02:36:37.920 --> 02:36:41.079
works better. He can make things move. By what

02:36:41.079 --> 02:36:45.979
force? No. By telekinetics. We know what forces

02:36:45.979 --> 02:36:49.299
are operating in this world. There's no way telekinetics

02:36:49.299 --> 02:36:54.620
is real? No! Okay? We've got, we understand what

02:36:54.620 --> 02:36:56.739
forces there are. But people that make things

02:36:56.739 --> 02:36:58.940
move with their mind, what do you think they're

02:36:58.940 --> 02:37:05.840
doing? They're lying? Yes. To themselves or to

02:37:05.840 --> 02:37:08.379
others? People get so upset if you say that.

02:37:09.000 --> 02:37:11.360
Right? What do you think about psychic ability?

02:37:11.600 --> 02:37:14.930
Think there's any of it? I'm not convinced by

02:37:14.930 --> 02:37:17.010
any of it I've ever seen. Put him in a controlled

02:37:17.010 --> 02:37:20.389
situation. If there is psychic ability, it's

02:37:20.389 --> 02:37:22.750
not particularly repeatable. Right. Like maybe

02:37:22.750 --> 02:37:27.510
an emerging phenomenon. Okay. But you have to

02:37:27.510 --> 02:37:29.930
be invoking forces that don't otherwise show

02:37:29.930 --> 02:37:34.170
up in a laboratory. Right. So that's A. B, the

02:37:34.170 --> 02:37:38.290
laboratory has a hard time duplicating your claims.

02:37:38.729 --> 02:37:41.989
Okay. C, if one of your psychic ability is to

02:37:41.989 --> 02:37:45.219
help the police find the criminal. Why is it,

02:37:45.239 --> 02:37:47.239
oh, they're in a ravine? Why don't you just give

02:37:47.239 --> 02:37:48.899
the person's name and their address and their

02:37:48.899 --> 02:37:51.059
phone number? Well, it's not that good. Okay.

02:37:51.079 --> 02:37:53.979
It's like a dog. Well, when you get a bloodhound

02:37:53.979 --> 02:37:56.579
to go find a guy, they're not that good at it.

02:37:56.639 --> 02:37:58.260
Okay, I don't know. They're pretty good at it.

02:37:58.280 --> 02:37:59.459
Yeah, I don't know. They're like, they run around

02:37:59.459 --> 02:38:00.719
the woods and they catch a scent. They could

02:38:00.719 --> 02:38:04.899
find somebody else's underwear. Well, the idea

02:38:04.899 --> 02:38:06.780
is you give them yours so they know what you

02:38:06.780 --> 02:38:08.659
smell like and they go looking for you. Yeah,

02:38:08.680 --> 02:38:10.760
how unique are you in 7 billion people? For a

02:38:10.760 --> 02:38:13.120
dog? Pretty fucking unique. Okay, so a dog's

02:38:13.120 --> 02:38:16.819
good. Dogs can smell COVID -19. So then why are

02:38:16.819 --> 02:38:18.459
they not good? So why did you say they weren't

02:38:18.459 --> 02:38:21.440
good? They're pretty good, but they're not perfect.

02:38:21.620 --> 02:38:23.500
It's not like you let a dog loose and it just

02:38:23.500 --> 02:38:24.879
runs full grip. Well, they're better than any

02:38:24.879 --> 02:38:27.659
of us would be in that situation. My point is

02:38:27.659 --> 02:38:30.860
it's gathering evidence. It's using its ears,

02:38:30.959 --> 02:38:33.739
and its ears are actually wafting up smells.

02:38:33.979 --> 02:38:39.040
So the amazing Randy, who's a magician, who also

02:38:39.040 --> 02:38:42.040
he – Exposes frauds. Exposes frauds and claims.

02:38:42.399 --> 02:38:45.219
There is a woman who claimed to be a very important

02:38:45.219 --> 02:38:48.180
psychic, I think, in Russia. And she sees events

02:38:48.180 --> 02:38:50.319
and she can know things. She can look at a photo

02:38:50.319 --> 02:38:53.360
of you and figure out, you know. All right. So

02:38:53.360 --> 02:38:56.799
he brings a photo of someone and gets her to

02:38:56.799 --> 02:39:01.120
talk about it. She looks at it. Oh, you know,

02:39:01.200 --> 02:39:04.520
he went to college and he majored in psychology.

02:39:05.379 --> 02:39:07.819
Turned out to be correct. Although that's the

02:39:07.819 --> 02:39:10.350
number one major in colleges. in the united states

02:39:10.350 --> 02:39:12.709
it's the number one major but she got that correct

02:39:12.709 --> 02:39:15.450
okay then she says other things about it which

02:39:15.450 --> 02:39:21.829
he might be living and what she got wrong or

02:39:21.829 --> 02:39:24.610
never didn't reveal about him is that he's dead

02:39:24.610 --> 02:39:27.430
you think that would have made a signal big enough

02:39:27.430 --> 02:39:33.690
for her to have captured and the person was uh

02:39:33.690 --> 02:39:40.090
ted bundy the serial killer The photos of Ted

02:39:40.090 --> 02:39:45.989
Bundy? Yes. And those two really important bits

02:39:45.989 --> 02:39:48.270
of information. The dead part's kind of important,

02:39:48.409 --> 02:39:49.989
but the serial killer part is really important.

02:39:49.989 --> 02:39:51.729
You'd think that would have risen up out of the

02:39:51.729 --> 02:39:53.850
page. That's the most interesting thing about

02:39:53.850 --> 02:39:57.129
him. So if there is psychic power, I'm just very

02:39:57.129 --> 02:40:01.510
disappointed in it. Well, that lady. Yeah. Well,

02:40:01.569 --> 02:40:03.309
she was heralded by others. I mean, what else

02:40:03.309 --> 02:40:04.489
do you do? You're going to go to someone who's

02:40:04.489 --> 02:40:07.329
not heralded? You go to the best who they claim.

02:40:07.530 --> 02:40:09.530
Yeah, I think most of the ones that claim to

02:40:09.530 --> 02:40:12.149
be psychic are full of shit. I'm not discounting

02:40:12.149 --> 02:40:15.030
the possibility of psychic phenomenon. That's

02:40:15.030 --> 02:40:20.389
what the amazing Randy did. He bypassed everyone

02:40:20.389 --> 02:40:22.309
who everyone else said was full of shit. They

02:40:22.309 --> 02:40:24.450
said, go to her, go to her. That's what he did.

02:40:24.649 --> 02:40:28.170
What else do you want him to do? Yeah. No, I

02:40:28.170 --> 02:40:30.780
mean. Look, I've never seen any evidence that

02:40:30.780 --> 02:40:33.719
psychic ability is real. But I've left the door

02:40:33.719 --> 02:40:36.639
open because I think intuition is a weird thing.

02:40:36.840 --> 02:40:40.620
And then the ability to think that you know when

02:40:40.620 --> 02:40:42.239
something's going to happen and then something

02:40:42.239 --> 02:40:45.520
does happen, people claim that has taken place.

02:40:45.700 --> 02:40:48.899
I don't know if it really ever has. But if it

02:40:48.899 --> 02:40:52.180
ever has, if someone really did tell someone

02:40:52.180 --> 02:40:53.540
that something was going to happen and it did

02:40:53.540 --> 02:40:56.260
happen, that to me is very fascinating. I've

02:40:56.260 --> 02:40:58.639
seen no evidence that it does. that it does work

02:40:58.639 --> 02:41:03.879
that way. Well, it's got to be a reliable prediction.

02:41:04.219 --> 02:41:07.159
Maybe. Right. But again, maybe it's an emerging

02:41:07.159 --> 02:41:10.059
phenomenon. Maybe it's a thing that one day human

02:41:10.059 --> 02:41:13.180
beings will have as in our natural toolbox. What's

02:41:13.180 --> 02:41:16.639
the difference between you manifesting this yet

02:41:16.639 --> 02:41:19.719
-to -be -fully -harnessed power intermittently

02:41:19.719 --> 02:41:23.639
and other times it doesn't work for you, but

02:41:23.639 --> 02:41:26.500
sometimes it does? Wait, so what's the difference

02:41:26.500 --> 02:41:30.190
between that? Okay. And you hitting on something

02:41:30.190 --> 02:41:35.290
correctly at random. Well, one thing would be

02:41:35.290 --> 02:41:38.270
if you're hitting on something at random, you

02:41:38.270 --> 02:41:42.850
don't really know. You're guessing. The idea

02:41:42.850 --> 02:41:45.510
about this phenomenon is that you're getting

02:41:45.510 --> 02:41:48.709
a signal. It's just not reliable. The idea would

02:41:48.709 --> 02:41:51.389
be, and again, I'm not a biologist, right? But

02:41:51.389 --> 02:41:53.569
if something was emerging from the human species.

02:41:54.440 --> 02:41:56.940
something like language language did not start

02:41:56.940 --> 02:41:59.020
out the way you and i are talking right now on

02:41:59.020 --> 02:42:02.959
a podcast vision the ability to see things with

02:42:02.959 --> 02:42:06.680
the eyes it did not start out crystal clear 2020

02:42:06.680 --> 02:42:10.739
vision this is an emerging thing that conceivably

02:42:10.739 --> 02:42:13.700
took millions if not billions of years to evolve

02:42:13.700 --> 02:42:18.030
just to be cautious so emergent And biology means

02:42:18.030 --> 02:42:19.329
something different from what you're saying.

02:42:19.590 --> 02:42:22.049
All you're saying is that it evolved. What is

02:42:22.049 --> 02:42:25.010
emergent? Emergence is a property, a fascinating

02:42:25.010 --> 02:42:31.950
property of an organism that is not derivable

02:42:31.950 --> 02:42:35.309
from any of its parts when you look at it. So,

02:42:35.370 --> 02:42:38.649
for example, you can study a bird and you can

02:42:38.649 --> 02:42:42.030
know everything there is about a bird, but you

02:42:42.030 --> 02:42:44.610
would not necessarily, I don't think, be able

02:42:44.610 --> 02:42:48.639
to predict. That birds flock together. Oh. So

02:42:48.639 --> 02:42:52.079
the flocking is emergence. That's an emergent

02:42:52.079 --> 02:42:52.940
phenomenon. What I'm talking about is something

02:42:52.940 --> 02:42:56.100
emerging. That's just evolution. That's just

02:42:56.100 --> 02:42:58.840
evolution. Okay. Just say it evolved. Okay. Sight

02:42:58.840 --> 02:43:02.020
evolved. So something like psychic phenomenon

02:43:02.020 --> 02:43:06.540
evolving from human beings. Something slowly

02:43:06.540 --> 02:43:09.600
but surely. You can call it intuition. Oh, I

02:43:09.600 --> 02:43:11.399
thought about someone and my phone rang. It was

02:43:11.399 --> 02:43:12.680
them and I haven't talked to them for years.

02:43:13.280 --> 02:43:14.959
I mean, that might be coincidence. Yeah, but

02:43:14.959 --> 02:43:17.959
did you keep track of all the misses? I mean,

02:43:17.979 --> 02:43:20.700
this is confirmation bias, right? For sure. So

02:43:20.700 --> 02:43:24.479
my favorite example here is you line up 1 ,000

02:43:24.479 --> 02:43:26.920
people. It's a coin toss thing. Line up 1 ,000

02:43:26.920 --> 02:43:30.059
people and then flip a coin. And if you get tails,

02:43:30.120 --> 02:43:32.479
you sit down, okay? So now you got 500 left.

02:43:32.959 --> 02:43:37.959
Flip it, 250, okay? You know, what are we down

02:43:37.959 --> 02:43:40.840
to? We have 250 people. They flip a coin. Half

02:43:40.840 --> 02:43:44.190
get heads, 100. 20 sit down. Now we're down to

02:43:44.190 --> 02:43:48.770
60. And then 30. And then 15. And then 8. And

02:43:48.770 --> 02:43:52.790
then 4. And then 2. And then 1. All right? So

02:43:52.790 --> 02:43:56.969
in a classic execution of this experiment, there's

02:43:56.969 --> 02:43:59.569
one person left at the end. And you know something?

02:44:00.010 --> 02:44:03.770
That person flipped heads 10 consecutive times.

02:44:04.969 --> 02:44:07.610
So what does the press do? The press goes to

02:44:07.610 --> 02:44:10.370
that person. Say, how do you feel about winning

02:44:10.370 --> 02:44:13.030
this? coin toss. You know, I felt some heads

02:44:13.030 --> 02:44:16.950
energy halfway through. This felt really real

02:44:16.950 --> 02:44:22.370
to me. And I saw signs and I saw a heads up coin

02:44:22.370 --> 02:44:25.149
on the street. So I knew I was going to win.

02:44:25.209 --> 02:44:28.170
Did they interview anyone else who didn't win

02:44:28.170 --> 02:44:31.590
to see if they had heads energy feelings? No.

02:44:31.690 --> 02:44:35.530
They don't even get interviewed. And plus, we

02:44:35.530 --> 02:44:39.510
are so hubristic and ego -driven that we think

02:44:39.510 --> 02:44:41.969
we are special for having flipped heads 10 times

02:44:41.969 --> 02:44:44.409
in a row. When almost every time you do this

02:44:44.409 --> 02:44:47.129
experiment, somebody's going to flip heads 10

02:44:47.129 --> 02:44:51.829
times in a row. That mirrors what I've always

02:44:51.829 --> 02:44:54.209
said about the secret and the law of attraction.

02:44:54.690 --> 02:44:57.030
I'm like, you're only talking to winners. Yes.

02:44:57.110 --> 02:44:59.989
Talk to people that imagined they were going

02:44:59.989 --> 02:45:02.950
to be rock stars. Correct. And we don't. That's

02:45:02.950 --> 02:45:05.440
correct. It didn't work out for them because

02:45:05.440 --> 02:45:07.840
you can't just – they might have really been

02:45:07.840 --> 02:45:10.200
thinking hard about it all day and night, but

02:45:10.200 --> 02:45:12.840
you can't just manufacture things from your mind.

02:45:13.959 --> 02:45:17.620
But what you can do is have a goal, work towards

02:45:17.620 --> 02:45:21.100
it, have discipline, have focus, learn from your

02:45:21.100 --> 02:45:24.940
mistakes, improve upon your approach, and then

02:45:24.940 --> 02:45:27.239
eventually get to a place where you can look

02:45:27.239 --> 02:45:29.750
back and say, you know – I did it all with my

02:45:29.750 --> 02:45:33.209
mind. I made it happen. I envisioned it, and

02:45:33.209 --> 02:45:35.430
I made it happen. And people are like, oh, my

02:45:35.430 --> 02:45:37.729
God, he's using the secret. Yeah, yeah. They're

02:45:37.729 --> 02:45:39.850
using the law of attraction. Right, right, right,

02:45:39.850 --> 02:45:41.629
right. And that's in a lot of talk shows, you

02:45:41.629 --> 02:45:45.090
know. Yeah. Mid -afternoon talk shows. Yeah,

02:45:45.110 --> 02:45:48.530
the gals, the ladies like those. And stay -at

02:45:48.530 --> 02:45:51.149
-home dads. They're really into those. It's a...

02:45:52.600 --> 02:45:55.100
So I want to just give a brief thing. I've got

02:45:55.100 --> 02:45:57.020
to catch an airplane at some point. Do you? Yeah.

02:45:57.139 --> 02:45:58.479
Where are you going? I'm going back home tonight.

02:45:58.600 --> 02:46:03.280
Yeah, okay. I'm going back home tonight. So let's

02:46:03.280 --> 02:46:06.459
go back 150 years. Michael Faraday, okay? Faraday

02:46:06.459 --> 02:46:10.440
Cage. Among many things credited to him. Physicist

02:46:10.440 --> 02:46:13.420
in the UK. Very religious man, by the way. But

02:46:13.420 --> 02:46:17.440
he left religion outside the lab when he walked

02:46:17.440 --> 02:46:23.120
in. And, like, God wasn't. participating in his

02:46:23.120 --> 02:46:25.420
thoughts as he was conducting the experiments,

02:46:25.639 --> 02:46:27.700
right? God was everywhere else in his life, right?

02:46:27.760 --> 02:46:31.059
But when he walked in, it's all physics. So he

02:46:31.059 --> 02:46:35.000
invents the concept of the field because what

02:46:35.000 --> 02:46:37.260
does it mean? Something can be here and influence

02:46:37.260 --> 02:46:39.940
something else over there. Is there anything

02:46:39.940 --> 02:46:42.500
connecting them? I don't see anything. There's

02:46:42.500 --> 02:46:45.020
nothing there. I can wave my hands. There's a

02:46:45.020 --> 02:46:48.860
field. The concept of a field is birthed with

02:46:48.860 --> 02:46:53.149
Michael Faraday. It stumped Newton. I have action

02:46:53.149 --> 02:46:55.989
at a distance. How does this work? How can Earth

02:46:55.989 --> 02:46:58.229
pull the moon? Is there a rope? Is there a chain?

02:46:58.530 --> 02:47:02.610
How does this work? The field was invented with

02:47:02.610 --> 02:47:05.909
Faraday. All right. What's Faraday's experiment?

02:47:06.069 --> 02:47:08.889
He takes a wire, puts it through a magnetic field,

02:47:09.049 --> 02:47:13.190
and then a meter turns over here. Moving a wire

02:47:13.190 --> 02:47:16.530
through a magnetic field made electrons move

02:47:16.530 --> 02:47:19.750
through the wire, and he measured current over

02:47:19.750 --> 02:47:22.540
here. Doing this over here made something else

02:47:22.540 --> 02:47:25.860
happen over there. And no one understood this.

02:47:26.639 --> 02:47:31.840
Oh my gosh. There is action happening and I don't

02:47:31.840 --> 02:47:34.819
understand it. Let's figure it out. And the attempt

02:47:34.819 --> 02:47:37.360
to figure that out was the birth of our modern

02:47:37.360 --> 02:47:42.620
understanding of electromagnetism. All I'm saying

02:47:42.620 --> 02:47:48.940
is, today, there is no... mysterious phenomenon

02:47:48.940 --> 02:47:55.819
happening on a tabletop. There isn't. Everything

02:47:55.819 --> 02:47:58.559
that's happening here, we understand. From the

02:47:58.559 --> 02:48:01.739
material science to the strength to what happens

02:48:01.739 --> 02:48:04.520
as liquid in my glass. There's paint. There's

02:48:04.520 --> 02:48:08.799
material. All of this is understood. So where

02:48:08.799 --> 02:48:10.420
is the frontier of physics? It's in particle

02:48:10.420 --> 02:48:14.760
accelerators. It's at the limits of the energetics

02:48:14.760 --> 02:48:17.350
of the world. And yes, there there's some things

02:48:17.350 --> 02:48:21.250
we don't understand. Just recently, one of the

02:48:21.250 --> 02:48:24.329
particles in the universe, the muon, was sent

02:48:24.329 --> 02:48:27.149
into a magnetic field and it started moving in

02:48:27.149 --> 02:48:32.350
ways nobody predicted. Our understanding of what

02:48:32.350 --> 02:48:35.649
the muon is supposed to do, it did not obey.

02:48:37.489 --> 02:48:41.260
Deeply interesting. The press puts it as, oh,

02:48:41.299 --> 02:48:43.440
physics is tossed on its ear. No, we're like,

02:48:43.520 --> 02:48:46.040
everything else still works as we imagined it,

02:48:46.100 --> 02:48:48.840
as we've measured it. But there's a new phenomenon.

02:48:49.719 --> 02:48:53.399
People are all in it right now trying to figure

02:48:53.399 --> 02:48:56.340
out what this particle called the muon is making

02:48:56.340 --> 02:48:58.739
it do something that we didn't expect it to do.

02:48:59.760 --> 02:49:03.600
That's not on the tabletop. So to say you're

02:49:03.600 --> 02:49:05.280
going to have a psychic power that manifests

02:49:05.280 --> 02:49:12.350
on a tabletop. There is no... We got the tabletop.

02:49:12.450 --> 02:49:15.209
What do you think about that phenomenon, about

02:49:15.209 --> 02:49:17.709
the idea of the phenomenon, psychic phenomenon,

02:49:17.829 --> 02:49:20.790
is so interesting to people? Why is that something

02:49:20.790 --> 02:49:23.649
that's so compelling and has been so prevalent

02:49:23.649 --> 02:49:26.870
throughout history? I think we have always deeply

02:49:26.870 --> 02:49:32.329
respected anyone who had the power of prophecy.

02:49:34.389 --> 02:49:36.930
Anyone. Now, what's weird is... The people who

02:49:36.930 --> 02:49:38.549
really have the power of prophecy are scientists.

02:49:39.350 --> 02:49:42.110
I can tell you that on June 10th, there's going

02:49:42.110 --> 02:49:46.030
to be a solar eclipse visible from New York and

02:49:46.030 --> 02:49:49.149
the sun will rise eclipsed. Now, if I didn't

02:49:49.149 --> 02:49:51.450
tell you how I knew that, I can create a cult.

02:49:53.170 --> 02:49:54.969
Okay? But I say, well, there's an equation. You

02:49:54.969 --> 02:49:56.770
got to take some physics and some math and you

02:49:56.770 --> 02:49:58.709
learn some astrophysics and you could predict

02:49:58.709 --> 02:50:01.829
that too. Well, that takes away any mystique

02:50:01.829 --> 02:50:05.090
I might have had over you for knowing the future.

02:50:06.350 --> 02:50:08.549
But you go back to all cultures. There's the

02:50:08.549 --> 02:50:13.889
shaman who's, oh, the weather this and the future

02:50:13.889 --> 02:50:16.350
that and the moon this. These are people with

02:50:16.350 --> 02:50:20.790
power over others. Even we are so into this that

02:50:20.790 --> 02:50:24.190
we're thinking that dreams matter. Oh, I dreamed

02:50:24.190 --> 02:50:26.969
that. Oh, is that going to be true? Oh, my God.

02:50:26.989 --> 02:50:29.489
Look at how much we invest in thinking somebody's

02:50:29.489 --> 02:50:31.270
dream is something that's going to come true.

02:50:31.969 --> 02:50:35.309
That was especially true in the past. Less of

02:50:35.309 --> 02:50:37.420
it today. Because we know more about dreams and

02:50:37.420 --> 02:50:40.139
things. But the urge to want someone else to

02:50:40.139 --> 02:50:41.940
have the power to predict the future seems to

02:50:41.940 --> 02:50:44.399
be without limit. And psychic powers and astrology.

02:50:45.020 --> 02:50:47.079
Well, it's astrology, but a method to predict

02:50:47.079 --> 02:50:49.500
what's going to happen to you today. All of that.

02:50:49.639 --> 02:50:52.379
But that's a weird one because you lump it in

02:50:52.379 --> 02:50:55.139
with astronomy. Because astrology and astronomy

02:50:55.139 --> 02:50:57.540
sort of like get lumped in together in a lot

02:50:57.540 --> 02:50:59.579
of people's eyes. Like, oh, but it's based on

02:50:59.579 --> 02:51:02.319
where the planets are. And we know that the planets

02:51:02.319 --> 02:51:05.079
have an effect on you because the gravity and

02:51:05.079 --> 02:51:07.600
it changes and shifts. That's why the tide goes

02:51:07.600 --> 02:51:10.420
in and out. We're always constantly being affected

02:51:10.420 --> 02:51:13.719
by these invisible forces. And Neil deGrasse

02:51:13.719 --> 02:51:16.180
Tyson, they can shape your personality. If you

02:51:16.180 --> 02:51:18.680
just let me read your chart, I'll tell you. Do

02:51:18.680 --> 02:51:21.920
you know the tidal force wrought upon Earth by

02:51:21.920 --> 02:51:25.729
the moon? Has nothing to do with the phase of

02:51:25.729 --> 02:51:31.010
the moon. It doesn't the same all the time It's

02:51:31.010 --> 02:51:34.809
the same all the time a full moon has the same

02:51:34.809 --> 02:51:38.190
amount of gravity same tidal force on the earth

02:51:38.190 --> 02:51:42.329
and on you as a quarter moon as a half moon as

02:51:42.329 --> 02:51:46.090
a You know what all those phases so the tidal

02:51:46.090 --> 02:51:49.209
force that that is on that we know the tide shifts

02:51:49.209 --> 02:51:52.049
like what is it gravity? Alone that's causing

02:51:52.049 --> 02:51:54.510
that tide to shift? The tide actually doesn't

02:51:54.510 --> 02:51:58.149
shift. It doesn't? No. What happens? Okay. So

02:51:58.149 --> 02:52:04.030
wherever the moon is in space, the side of Earth

02:52:04.030 --> 02:52:06.549
closest to the moon is more attracted to the

02:52:06.549 --> 02:52:09.430
moon than the side that's farthest away. Okay?

02:52:09.850 --> 02:52:13.229
So because the total force is different across

02:52:13.229 --> 02:52:17.930
Earth, Earth gets stretched a little, elongated.

02:52:19.180 --> 02:52:21.520
It's especially visible in the oceans relative

02:52:21.520 --> 02:52:25.000
to the land, but Earth's physical body is also

02:52:25.000 --> 02:52:29.540
stretched in a direction towards the moon, except

02:52:29.540 --> 02:52:30.860
it's a little ahead of it, but we don't have

02:52:30.860 --> 02:52:32.600
to worry about that for the moment. So the moon

02:52:32.600 --> 02:52:35.479
stretches the tide. That's called the tidal force

02:52:35.479 --> 02:52:38.879
on the Earth. Okay, so now watch. As Earth rotates,

02:52:39.180 --> 02:52:42.819
we rotate once a day. How long does it take the

02:52:42.819 --> 02:52:45.459
moon to go around the Earth? Once a month. So

02:52:45.459 --> 02:52:50.159
here's this tidal bulge. Earth rotates inside

02:52:50.159 --> 02:52:53.959
the bulge. And what you say at the beach, oh,

02:52:53.979 --> 02:52:56.579
the tide is coming in and out. No. It is you

02:52:56.579 --> 02:53:01.299
rotating into and out of a tidal bulge that's

02:53:01.299 --> 02:53:08.139
fixed in space towards the moon. Wow. That's

02:53:08.139 --> 02:53:11.159
a heavy one. Well, it's because our language

02:53:11.159 --> 02:53:13.840
doesn't reflect reality. We say the tide comes

02:53:13.840 --> 02:53:16.680
in and out, but we are rotating into the bulge

02:53:16.680 --> 02:53:18.440
and then out of the bulge. That's why there are

02:53:18.440 --> 02:53:22.219
two high tides in a day. And then into the other

02:53:22.219 --> 02:53:24.100
bulge, which is on the other side, and then out

02:53:24.100 --> 02:53:26.860
of the bulge. Two high tides, two low tides.

02:53:27.020 --> 02:53:30.420
All right, so now, why are high tides higher

02:53:30.420 --> 02:53:36.959
during full moon? Why? Because the sun also makes

02:53:36.959 --> 02:53:40.680
tides on Earth. Oh, my goodness. about a third

02:53:40.680 --> 02:53:45.159
the strength of the moon tides. And there's the

02:53:45.159 --> 02:53:49.020
sun tides trying to blend in with the moon tides,

02:53:49.020 --> 02:53:53.100
and it's on a different cycle, okay? And, oh,

02:53:53.200 --> 02:53:57.639
when we have full moon, the sun is creating tides

02:53:57.639 --> 02:54:03.940
that are added to the moon's tides. So we have

02:54:03.940 --> 02:54:06.299
higher tides on the full moon because the sun's

02:54:06.299 --> 02:54:09.750
tides add to it. Not because the moon has any

02:54:09.750 --> 02:54:16.450
special extra powers over us. So it is uninformed

02:54:16.450 --> 02:54:20.489
and in some cases just outright BS that people

02:54:20.489 --> 02:54:24.389
are saying, the full moon has extra power and

02:54:24.389 --> 02:54:26.950
tides over you. No, it doesn't. The moon itself,

02:54:27.190 --> 02:54:31.709
no. Now, the moon itself, the thing that people

02:54:31.709 --> 02:54:33.969
always want to say is that people are 60 whatever

02:54:33.969 --> 02:54:36.750
percent water. What percent are we? It's about

02:54:36.750 --> 02:54:40.100
that. More than half. If the moon affects the

02:54:40.100 --> 02:54:43.559
tides, wouldn't it affect the water in your body?

02:54:44.020 --> 02:54:47.680
Yeah. So the tidal force is the force across

02:54:47.680 --> 02:54:50.979
the size of the object. Right. Okay. So Earth

02:54:50.979 --> 02:54:56.219
is 8 ,000 miles across. So the gravity from the

02:54:56.219 --> 02:55:00.079
moon is somewhat less on the far side of the

02:55:00.079 --> 02:55:01.959
Earth compared to the side of the Earth nearest

02:55:01.959 --> 02:55:05.420
the moon. So you have to ask. How much stronger

02:55:05.420 --> 02:55:09.559
is the moon's gravity from one side of your head

02:55:09.559 --> 02:55:15.100
to the other? That's the question. Right. It

02:55:15.100 --> 02:55:17.020
would have to be pulling you in a certain direction.

02:55:17.360 --> 02:55:20.540
It would have to be stronger on one side than

02:55:20.540 --> 02:55:22.840
the other and have to stretch your head. We can

02:55:22.840 --> 02:55:25.620
calculate how much that is. And I did it once.

02:55:25.639 --> 02:55:30.719
It was something like a millionth the force that's

02:55:30.719 --> 02:55:32.219
operating on your head from the weight of your

02:55:32.219 --> 02:55:39.079
pillow. But you're not creating lycanthropic

02:55:39.079 --> 02:55:42.360
stories based on whether you had a Tempur -Pedic

02:55:42.360 --> 02:55:45.079
pillow or a down pillow. What do you think is

02:55:45.079 --> 02:55:47.620
the origin of those stupid stories then? Because

02:55:47.620 --> 02:55:50.760
there is always a thing. People like finding

02:55:50.760 --> 02:55:53.600
excuses outside of themselves to account for

02:55:53.600 --> 02:55:57.760
their reprehensible behavior. Oh. But don't.

02:55:58.239 --> 02:56:00.750
For me, that's the number one. That's the number

02:56:00.750 --> 02:56:05.409
one. It relieves you of accountability. And,

02:56:05.469 --> 02:56:07.190
of course, Shakespeare knew this, and hence his

02:56:07.190 --> 02:56:12.969
line. Was it in Julius Caesar? The fault, dear

02:56:12.969 --> 02:56:16.229
Brutus, lies not in the stars but within ourselves.

02:56:17.629 --> 02:56:21.290
So Shakespeare knew this. And notice he's talking

02:56:21.290 --> 02:56:24.270
about fault, right? It's always what caused that

02:56:24.270 --> 02:56:26.989
to happen. And you want to blame things that

02:56:26.989 --> 02:56:29.030
are not within yourself. But even if you're not.

02:56:29.360 --> 02:56:32.719
Talking about yourself in terms of what's happening.

02:56:32.940 --> 02:56:35.520
If you're working in an emergency room, a lot

02:56:35.520 --> 02:56:37.899
of doctors will swear that there's more activity

02:56:37.899 --> 02:56:39.879
during a full moon. Oh, yeah. So here's what

02:56:39.879 --> 02:56:43.239
happens. A full moon. Oh, by the way, what you

02:56:43.239 --> 02:56:45.440
really have to test is, is there more activity

02:56:45.440 --> 02:56:47.860
during a full moon when it's overcast at night,

02:56:48.000 --> 02:56:50.739
when no one sees the full moon? So what you have

02:56:50.739 --> 02:56:53.000
is a self -fulfilling process. You read all these

02:56:53.000 --> 02:56:55.559
stories about acting crazy under full moon. A

02:56:55.559 --> 02:56:57.760
full moon is the only phase that rises at sunset

02:56:57.760 --> 02:57:01.010
and sets at sunrise. So it's up all night. You

02:57:01.010 --> 02:57:03.790
go to the bar. Most places the bar closes 2 a

02:57:03.790 --> 02:57:06.850
.m. You come out. The full moon is high in the

02:57:06.850 --> 02:57:11.430
sky. And you read all these stories. And so you're

02:57:11.430 --> 02:57:16.670
ready to just act crazy. Okay? So this is life

02:57:16.670 --> 02:57:20.889
imitating art in that case. So what you really

02:57:20.889 --> 02:57:23.889
need to do is check to see when you don't know

02:57:23.889 --> 02:57:28.280
it's a full moon because it's cloudy. and you

02:57:28.280 --> 02:57:31.600
come out of the bar, do you act crazy? I bet

02:57:31.600 --> 02:57:36.680
you the answer is no. But not only that, people's

02:57:36.680 --> 02:57:38.959
ability to judge when the moon is full is kind

02:57:38.959 --> 02:57:42.239
of loose. So to the untrained eye, the moon is

02:57:42.239 --> 02:57:46.739
full for about four days. So just consider that

02:57:46.739 --> 02:57:49.799
as well. I've always thought it was the actual

02:57:49.799 --> 02:57:52.760
light. that the moon is shedding, and it allows

02:57:52.760 --> 02:57:55.760
people to do more things outside. As well. Which

02:57:55.760 --> 02:57:57.760
makes people do stupider shit. The full moon

02:57:57.760 --> 02:58:00.440
is six times brighter than the half moon. It's

02:58:00.440 --> 02:58:02.979
a law of reflection that makes it extra bright

02:58:02.979 --> 02:58:07.239
relative to if it's half lit. And so, yeah, you

02:58:07.239 --> 02:58:10.079
can see more things going on at night and possibly

02:58:10.079 --> 02:58:14.299
get into more trouble that way. And there's another

02:58:14.299 --> 02:58:16.299
one. There are some municipalities where there

02:58:16.299 --> 02:58:19.340
are slightly more births during full moon than...

02:58:19.899 --> 02:58:22.440
Others, not everywhere. And people say, well,

02:58:22.440 --> 02:58:24.440
the extra gravity from the full moon. The full

02:58:24.440 --> 02:58:26.219
moon does not have extra gravity, first of all.

02:58:26.420 --> 02:58:29.920
Plus, even if that were true, you would have

02:58:29.920 --> 02:58:32.860
to be in the delivery room with your legs in

02:58:32.860 --> 02:58:35.920
the stirrups facing the moon out the window.

02:58:36.020 --> 02:58:37.459
The moon pulls the baby out. And the moon yanks

02:58:37.459 --> 02:58:39.280
the baby out. But how about the delivery rooms

02:58:39.280 --> 02:58:41.819
where you're facing the other way? Then the baby

02:58:41.819 --> 02:58:45.020
is pulled in. So just the absurdity of how you'd

02:58:45.020 --> 02:58:48.280
have to imagine this would play out. But also.

02:58:49.200 --> 02:58:53.639
And you can do the calculation that the gravity

02:58:53.639 --> 02:58:57.780
of people in the room on you and the machine,

02:58:57.979 --> 02:59:00.459
the light is greater than the gravity of the

02:59:00.459 --> 02:59:05.040
moon on you. But you're blaming the moon for

02:59:05.040 --> 02:59:07.540
this. So here's the thing. But it is true that

02:59:07.540 --> 02:59:09.760
in some municipalities, slightly more babies

02:59:09.760 --> 02:59:12.979
are born during full moon. So you can say, oh,

02:59:13.040 --> 02:59:15.299
it's mysterious. It's aliens. It's magic. It's

02:59:15.299 --> 02:59:17.180
this. Or you can say, is there another reason?

02:59:17.440 --> 02:59:22.000
Well, yeah. Yeah. The human gestation period,

02:59:22.180 --> 02:59:28.059
human female gestation period is about 295 days.

02:59:28.940 --> 02:59:30.620
That's not what the doctor tells you because

02:59:30.620 --> 02:59:32.180
the doctor doesn't count it from when you get

02:59:32.180 --> 02:59:34.819
pregnant. Doctor counts your gestation period

02:59:34.819 --> 02:59:37.780
from when you first missed your period. Okay.

02:59:38.459 --> 02:59:41.440
That's because that's a known, that's a very

02:59:41.440 --> 02:59:44.059
well known date on the calendar. So that's how

02:59:44.059 --> 02:59:47.600
they do their numbers. So 295 days. Turns out.

02:59:48.620 --> 02:59:52.799
A cycle of moon phases is 29 and a half days.

02:59:54.079 --> 02:59:57.819
It's a full cycle, full moon to full moon. So

02:59:57.819 --> 03:00:02.760
if you were born under a full moon, it meant

03:00:02.760 --> 03:00:07.280
you were conceived under a full moon. Likely.

03:00:07.500 --> 03:00:10.139
Because the, no. If you came out the right time.

03:00:10.940 --> 03:00:14.969
If you're born on. Oh, yeah, exactly. If you

03:00:14.969 --> 03:00:18.489
went to full term, 295 days, that's 10 cycles

03:00:18.489 --> 03:00:22.090
of the full moon. So that can affect the statistics

03:00:22.090 --> 03:00:24.850
of births. So it just means people are more sexually

03:00:24.850 --> 03:00:26.930
active when it's bright out. Or it's just that

03:00:26.930 --> 03:00:30.549
it's romantic. Ah. It's romance, too. Moonstruck.

03:00:30.629 --> 03:00:32.709
The Cher movie, right? Yeah, Moonstruck. Yeah.

03:00:33.229 --> 03:00:35.629
The moon's out. You're walking along the beach,

03:00:35.649 --> 03:00:37.770
along the park. I'm going to get a picture of

03:00:37.770 --> 03:00:39.469
you when we wrap this podcast up. Down the street.

03:00:40.270 --> 03:00:44.489
We know we had a good time. Bam. Perfect. I need

03:00:44.489 --> 03:00:47.290
my hat. All right, good. Put your silly hat on.

03:00:47.489 --> 03:00:49.850
Indiana Jones. Go ahead. Take the headphones

03:00:49.850 --> 03:00:51.850
off. Why do you like that hat so much? It's my

03:00:51.850 --> 03:00:55.129
hat. I'm in Texas now. Oh, okay. Texas. There

03:00:55.129 --> 03:00:58.950
you go. Beautiful. Neil, you're a gem. I appreciate

03:00:58.950 --> 03:01:00.889
you very much. We went everywhere. We did. It

03:01:00.889 --> 03:01:03.870
was a good one. Man, who's going to sit there

03:01:03.870 --> 03:01:05.430
for five hours and listen to that? They have

03:01:05.430 --> 03:01:06.969
other stuff they're doing while they're doing

03:01:06.969 --> 03:01:08.489
it. That's the beautiful thing about podcasts.

03:01:08.729 --> 03:01:11.530
That's the thing. You could be driving and running

03:01:11.530 --> 03:01:14.069
and whatever. That's the thing. That's the thing.

03:01:14.670 --> 03:01:17.170
So, yeah, people can think about Cosmic Queries.

03:01:17.270 --> 03:01:20.829
It's all about that. Did you do the audio for

03:01:20.829 --> 03:01:23.930
the audio book? I did selected audio within it,

03:01:23.969 --> 03:01:26.389
so you hear my voice. My tweets are in there

03:01:26.389 --> 03:01:28.530
when they relate to the content. I did all my

03:01:28.530 --> 03:01:30.750
tweets in some of the boxes. And someone else

03:01:30.750 --> 03:01:33.690
read the book? Yeah, I found a reader. Why would

03:01:33.690 --> 03:01:36.530
you do that when you can do it? Because I can

03:01:36.530 --> 03:01:41.959
do it, but it's someone else's rent money. A

03:01:41.959 --> 03:01:44.000
professional horse. Oh, how sweet of you. Yeah.

03:01:44.079 --> 03:01:48.459
Fuck that dude. You should be doing it. That

03:01:48.459 --> 03:01:51.920
guy should get a Patreon page. You should do

03:01:51.920 --> 03:01:54.819
it, man. Everybody wants to hear you talk. I

03:01:54.819 --> 03:01:57.579
did my other books. I did. I know. That's why

03:01:57.579 --> 03:01:59.299
I'm like, why didn't you do this one? Either

03:01:59.299 --> 03:02:02.620
way, I'm sure it's awesome. All right. Well,

03:02:02.659 --> 03:02:05.799
that's a very nice gesture on your part. All

03:02:05.799 --> 03:02:08.600
right. Thank you very much. Dude. Always a pleasure.

03:02:09.100 --> 03:02:11.180
Let's do it again. Yeah. I mean, I think I come

03:02:11.180 --> 03:02:12.639
and give a talk. I'll give you tickets to your

03:02:12.639 --> 03:02:14.420
staff. Okay. Yeah. Let me know. When are you

03:02:14.420 --> 03:02:17.260
doing that? They're rescheduling. It's all post,

03:02:17.379 --> 03:02:19.520
you know, the COVID year has to land. Well, get

03:02:19.520 --> 03:02:20.959
a hold of me and I'll put it up on the Instagram

03:02:20.959 --> 03:02:22.360
and all that jazz. Totally do it. All right.

03:02:22.420 --> 03:02:23.860
Thank you. Thank you. Great to have you in the

03:02:23.860 --> 03:02:25.680
audience. For sure. I'll give you a shout out.

03:02:25.739 --> 03:02:28.600
All right. I got with me in the audience. Bye,

03:02:28.680 --> 03:02:28.860
everybody.