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Welcome to this curated educational transcript of the Joe Rogan Experience. In this session, we provide a deep-dive examination of the critical perspectives and historical dialogues presented in Episode #919. Our mission is to offer a high-fidelity, searchable research resource for students of cultural history, emerging technology, and global discourse. This transcript has been specifically optimized for academic reference, linguistic study, and archival preservation regarding Cosmic Perspectives, Astrophysics, and Scientific Communication. Four, three, two, and boom. That's a nice hat.

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I've told you already, but live, I've got to

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tell you, that is a nice hat. It's very kind

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of Indiana Jones. It's not quite that and not

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quite cowboy. Yeah, you're like in the middle

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of that. You're riding the wave. You're dancing

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on the edge. Look, I have a really fat head,

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and so there's this website called bigheads .com.

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There's a website for it? Yes, a total website

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for fat -headed people. I got to get my friend

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Bert Kreischer a hat then. I put his hat on.

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I couldn't believe how big his head was. There

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was like an inch gap all around my head. I thought

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I had a big head. Yeah, so if you know your head

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size, do you know your head size? No, I do not.

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So it turns out if you know your head size, that

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number comes from somewhere. Can I tell you what

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it is? Sure. So if you measure the circumference

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of your head, just get a tape measure, like you're

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measuring your waistline, but do it around your

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head. And take that number, divide it by pi,

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then that's your hat size. Whoa. Yeah. Seems

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complicated. Divide by two? Why can't it be just

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like your waist, 32? You know, your waist is

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what your waist is. I know, it just is what it

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is, right? Why can't it just be the circumference,

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right? So what it turns out to be, so what that

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means is if you're dividing by pi, you're getting

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the diameter of the circle that has the same.

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as the circumference of your head. So if you

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have an oblong head, then what it's doing is

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finding out what the circle is, the diameter

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of the circle that has that same circumference

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as your head. Oh, okay. And that's what that's

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doing, for whether that helps the hat maker.

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So immediately I started thinking about Dan Aykroyd

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on Saturday Night Live as a cone head. Right?

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Remember? Well, then you need a tall hat for

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that, too. Yeah, there's an issue there. So,

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dude, you're still doing stand -up? That's great.

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Constantly. I'm loving it. And I caught you a

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few months ago. You were emceeing some MMA, was

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it? Well, I'm always doing that, yeah. Oh, you're

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always doing that. I'll catch some of it then.

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I think it's great you stayed in shape because

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I'm a... fat slob right now. Well, you were ripped

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back in the day, man. I saw a picture of you

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when you were wrestling, and I was like, damn,

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Neil, you look good. I had some street cred back

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then. Do you exercise at all now? It's not that

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I don't have the energy to. It's trying to find

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the time. There's you back in the day. Look at

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you, shredded. How much did you weigh back then?

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Let me guess. Oh, go on. 176. No, no, no. I'm

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6 '2", so I'm 190 pounds in that. Oh, you look

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great. I have big thighs and stuff. Other wrestlers

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would have skinnier thighs and things. So I was

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also taller than anyone I wrestled. So since

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we're the same height, it meant they had bigger

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muscles, actually. Because we're the same weight,

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right? Did I say that right? I'm taller, but

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we're the same weight. So that means they have

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bigger muscles. Right. Because none of us have

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fat, right? So I had to do things that my lankiness

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would enable me to do and to accomplish that

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they couldn't. So I have long reach, you know,

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this sort of thing. I scoop an ankle, that kind

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of thing. There's great advantages to having

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long limbs in martial arts, particularly in wrestling,

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grappling, because of leverage. Yeah, also if

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you're quick and with long limbs. And I was both.

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But if they got me in their grip, it was hard

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for me to get out. So what kind of exercise do

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you do these days? No, that's not, no. Nothing?

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No, I'm trying. You know, I guess. Yeah, I'm

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trying. When I'm in, I'm good. But I've just

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got so much going on. Yeah. I have to, like,

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make the time. That's a problem, right, when

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you become a little bit too successful for your

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own good? I saw some food. There's a lot of food

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documentaries trying to get you to eat differently.

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So I thought I'd watch them all. I binged on

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them one weekend while I was doing other stuff.

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Got hungry? No, one of the guys, he was trying

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to lose 100 pounds or something. So every 15

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pounds he lost, he put a bowling ball up on the

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counter. And said, that is what I'm not carrying

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around with me. Whoa. Because a bowling ball

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is about 15 pounds. And I said, wow, he's measuring

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a weight in bowling balls. That's something.

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Because we say, oh, I'm three pounds less and

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two pounds. That doesn't hit you emotionally

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the way a bowling ball does. Yeah. After you've

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lost 15 pounds. Because no one wants to be carrying

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that around. So psychologically, I thought that

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was quite potent. That is potent. I think we

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do need some. I usually use like plates. I think

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of weight plates or dumbbells. Okay, yeah, that

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works too. Yeah, yeah. I started doing intermittent

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fasting. pretty recently, where I only allow

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myself to eat 10 hours in a day. Oh, wow. That's

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it. 10 hours out of the 24 -hour day. Yes, so

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14. I had Terry Crews on my radio show on StarTalk.

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That boy, my boy's ripped, okay? Yeah, he looks

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great. He's still, and he's like 47 or something.

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I mean, he's, so he doesn't eat until 12 noon.

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Oh, same sort of deal. And he doesn't eat until

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after 10 o 'clock. That's right. Yeah, 10 hours.

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And then he doesn't eat after 10. Yeah. It's

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a 10 -hour thing. And so he's watching everyone

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else have brunch and breakfast. And so he's got

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to overcome that. So it's a little bit of fasting

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each day. Intermittent fasting. Just to keep

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the discipline. At the end of the day, it's really

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just discipline. Well, it's not just that. It

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also forces your body to burn fat instead of

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carbohydrates. And when it forces your body to

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burn fat, that state of ketosis is actually easier

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to maintain because you don't get hungry. Yeah,

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then there's no roller coaster. Yeah, the crash,

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the carbohydrate crash that you get. Right, right.

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Is that outside of the realm of possibility for

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you? No, I can totally. I'm a ketosis guy. Anything

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involving science? Come on. It's in there, baby.

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It's in there. I once got raked over the coals,

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not by everyone, but I tweeted once. I said,

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if there was a diet book written by a physicist,

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it would contain one sentence. Consume calories

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at a lesser rate than you burn them. That is

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sort of true. That's the one -sentence diet book.

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No, it's more complicated than that. And everybody

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just try to get all, no, it's this, it's that,

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it's that. And one of the great things of physics,

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when you do physics, is all the details are just

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cut off. It's window dressing. And you get down

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to the window itself. And that's what the analysis

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works on. I have rarely seen you attacked, but

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I did see you attacked when you were celebrating

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Sir Isaac Newton's birthday. Oh! I was like,

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that, people were so mad. People lost their minds.

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They lost their mind when you were, by the way.

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incorrect in the date of Jesus' birthday. That

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is not the date of Jesus' birthday. Jesus was

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not born on the 25th. Plus, I didn't even mention

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it. So what I said was, by the way, that to this

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day is my highest retweeted tweet. I tweeted

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it. I retweeted it. So you remember. It's actually

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a couple years ago now. So it was on December

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25th comes. There it is. A child is born by the

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age of 30 to transform the world. Happy birthday,

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Sir Isaac Newton. On this day long ago. A child

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was born who by age 30 would transform the world.

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Happy birthday, Isaac Newton. Born December 25th,

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1642. 79 ,000 retweets. 86 ,000 likes. People

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just lost their mind. They were so mad. They

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were angry and I thought, well. interesting because

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i'm just speaking the truth here yes he transformed

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civilization by actually he did it by the time

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he was 26 um so yes it's provocative because

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you're expecting that jesus is going to end that

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but i thought i'd share some actual truth with

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people and so some people celebrated it deeply

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religious people uh one had a headline saying

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Neil deGrasse Tyson is trolling Christians on

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Christmas Day. And I said, Newton at least has

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the benefit of actually having been born that

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day. And then later on, it's actually more subtle

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than that with Newton because he was on the Julian

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calendar, which is 10 days shifted from the Gregorian

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calendar. So if you ask what would his birthday

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be today, it would be January 4th, not December

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25th. Yeah, but when he was born, his mother

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was celebrating Christmas. So that's really what

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matters for that tweet. Well, it's such a bizarre

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thing anyway, because if you're a real Christian,

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you would understand that the birthday was shifted

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in order to comply with pagan religion. Exactly.

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It landed. I don't know how many people know

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that, actually. I mean, you're a well -read guy.

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But so if you give me a minute to just explain

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that. So December 21st, we know, is the first

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day of winter, shortest day of the year. And

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what makes it short? shortest daylight of the

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year. And what makes it short? The arc of the

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sun across the sky is very low. The sun doesn't

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get very high and it doesn't stay up for very

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long. And it's been coming a lower and lower

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arc every day on route to December 21st. The

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ancient peoples were worried about this because

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everyone worshiped the sun because it made your

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crops come and it gave you warmth. And you say,

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well, if this keeps going lower and lower in

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the sky, we're going to lose the sun entirely.

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December 21st, the sun slows down and it stops

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this drop in its movement across the sky from

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day to day. So that stopping of the sun is solstice.

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That's Latin, the stationary sun, like armistice,

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stationary arms, right, from the end of the First

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World War. November 11th, that was. Armistice,

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solstice. So the movement of the sun lower in

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the sky stops. But that doesn't mean it's going

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to come back. It takes a few days for it to slow

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down, stop, and then reverse. He said, oh, it

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is coming back. Let's celebrate that. And that's

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a few days after December 21st. It's about December

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25th. A pagan. holiday celebrating the return

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of the sun. Christianity is trying to take foothold

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where pagans once roamed. And you put celebrations

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that match theirs just so that the shift is not

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as hard for you. And the unknown birthday of

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Jesus was then assigned this pagan day of celebration.

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To make that transition easier for the pagans

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to become Christians. And sure enough, it remained

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Christmas Day. And isn't it a speculated... The

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birth of Jesus. The speculated birthday of Jesus

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is like the spring, right? The spring. There's

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some passages, of course, in the New Testament

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that reference what the sheep were doing. Plus,

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there's a census being taken by the Romans, you

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know, which is what... And Mary goes to the manger.

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The animals are not in the manger. So there's

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secondary evidence for that's probably happened

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in the spring. Now, with the advent of commercial

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space travel, it seems inevitable. It seems inevitable,

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right? Love your segues. Do you think that it's

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possible that maybe you could even offer up a

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Flat Earth Believer tour where you take them,

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like at the very least, take them up to Alaska

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where it's light for 23 hours a day? Do you have

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Flat Earthers calling into you? Tweeting me constantly.

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Treating me constantly. Yeah. Call me a sellout.

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I'm a sellout. I'm a round earth sellout. Like

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as if there's some round earth money. Wow. Yeah.

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You're on the payroll. I'm getting some checks.

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I'm getting some round earth checks to keep the

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nonsense going. You're getting some payola. Some

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round earth payola for your show. I'm sure you've

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seen the basketball player who graduated from

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Duke. From Duke. That was hitting the news the

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last couple of days. I saw that. And he believes

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that dinosaurs are fake and that the world is

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flat. Okay. So here's the thing, Joe. Okay. I've

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thought about this. I bet you have. As an educator,

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I've thought about this. Okay? Okay. So here's

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what matters. We live in a free country. People

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should be able to think whatever they want, whenever

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they want, provided it doesn't subtract away

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from someone else's rights. Okay. So thinking

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the earth is flat doesn't harm anyone unless

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you want to run for office. Or you want some

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position of power over other people. That's when

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it's dangerous. I'm thinking of elevator banks

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where they have numbers. You know, I have a photo

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essay of what elevators look like inside. I know

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it's just... You mean the gears and all that?

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No, no, no, no, no, no, no. Not even that geeky.

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Just what are the numbers on the panel? Oh, without

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the 13, you mean? Yeah, yeah, exactly. So about

00:12:19.269 --> 00:12:22.330
80 % of buildings taller than 12 stories don't

00:12:22.330 --> 00:12:27.379
have a 13th floor. And so this trixodecaphobia

00:12:27.379 --> 00:12:32.940
is, again, in a free country, if you want to

00:12:32.940 --> 00:12:36.740
be afraid of the number 13, go right ahead. It

00:12:36.740 --> 00:12:39.200
just seems to me you should not be tasked with

00:12:39.200 --> 00:12:42.879
designing elevators if that's your fear. Find

00:12:42.879 --> 00:12:46.700
something else. to do. Holding aside the fact

00:12:46.700 --> 00:12:50.220
that I'm a little scared that in this 21st century

00:12:50.220 --> 00:12:52.960
United States of America, we have people walking

00:12:52.960 --> 00:12:57.399
among us afraid of the number 13. What does that

00:12:57.399 --> 00:13:00.179
mean? I don't know in the long run. But if you

00:13:00.179 --> 00:13:03.139
keep to yourself, don't harm others, think whatever

00:13:03.139 --> 00:13:06.379
you want. So the rubber hits the road is you

00:13:06.379 --> 00:13:08.740
now have power over others. And that's where

00:13:08.740 --> 00:13:11.360
the failure of the educational system actually

00:13:11.360 --> 00:13:14.480
manifests. That's how societies and cultures

00:13:14.480 --> 00:13:16.179
collapse. Right, but it's not that they don't

00:13:16.179 --> 00:13:18.600
know that there's a 13th floor and that you're

00:13:18.600 --> 00:13:19.899
just calling it the 14th floor. I want to take

00:13:19.899 --> 00:13:21.899
my Sharpie, cross out the 14th and say, that's

00:13:21.899 --> 00:13:24.620
the 13th floor. You're not fooling anybody. Now,

00:13:24.659 --> 00:13:27.179
when you see it on an elevator and you're like,

00:13:27.240 --> 00:13:30.039
you see no 13th. Plus, they try to fake you out.

00:13:30.139 --> 00:13:32.299
How do they do that? So they go 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,

00:13:32.320 --> 00:13:35.360
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. And then you have to

00:13:35.360 --> 00:13:38.580
go to the next row to begin for the 14th. So

00:13:38.580 --> 00:13:41.740
you don't see 12 right next to 14. And some modern

00:13:41.740 --> 00:13:47.000
buildings will put their heavy machinery, like

00:13:47.000 --> 00:13:51.509
the HVAC. on the 13th floor so that there's no

00:13:51.509 --> 00:13:54.889
residency there. But they could still say it's

00:13:54.889 --> 00:13:56.690
the 13th floor and then there's the 14th floor.

00:13:56.769 --> 00:13:58.769
Yeah, yeah. Does anybody ever have a dummy 13th

00:13:58.769 --> 00:14:00.090
button where you press it and it never lights

00:14:00.090 --> 00:14:01.610
up? Like, I don't get it. I can't get in there.

00:14:01.629 --> 00:14:03.429
Oh, that's interesting. That's what I would do.

00:14:03.590 --> 00:14:06.070
Oh, you just put it there to satisfy me, but

00:14:06.070 --> 00:14:08.289
still nobody lives there. Exactly. That's too

00:14:08.289 --> 00:14:10.649
clever. Oh, this is one of the 20 % of people

00:14:10.649 --> 00:14:12.669
that make sense. What a great building. Meanwhile,

00:14:12.750 --> 00:14:15.450
there is no 13th floor. It's just a dummy button

00:14:15.450 --> 00:14:16.669
that never lights up. Remember that Twilight

00:14:16.669 --> 00:14:18.970
Zone episode with the mannequins? They went up

00:14:18.970 --> 00:14:20.850
to the 11th floor, but there is no 11th floor.

00:14:21.269 --> 00:14:23.590
And the Madicans come to life at night. Ooh,

00:14:23.850 --> 00:14:25.990
I forgot about that one. Yeah, they leave the

00:14:25.990 --> 00:14:28.049
store floors, and they all go up to 11, and they

00:14:28.049 --> 00:14:29.990
have a cocktail party. And they vote which one

00:14:29.990 --> 00:14:31.389
of them is going to go out and become human for

00:14:31.389 --> 00:14:34.129
a day. The Twilight Zone was so good. I think

00:14:34.129 --> 00:14:35.970
it was the best television there ever was. Like,

00:14:35.970 --> 00:14:38.799
still, to this day, ever. You've used up so many

00:14:38.799 --> 00:14:41.120
great premises. Great premises, great actors,

00:14:41.279 --> 00:14:43.279
great cinematography, and it was in black and

00:14:43.279 --> 00:14:45.879
white, so shadows were completely dark. Yeah.

00:14:46.059 --> 00:14:47.960
Because shadows don't have much meaning when

00:14:47.960 --> 00:14:49.899
you're filming color, because everything is just

00:14:49.899 --> 00:14:52.980
there. But in black and white, the shadows create

00:14:52.980 --> 00:14:57.179
moods. Yeah. I watched To Serve Man the other

00:14:57.179 --> 00:15:01.240
night. Oh! I hadn't seen it in a while. To Serve

00:15:01.240 --> 00:15:04.139
Man. I had it on the DVR. I'm like, let's just

00:15:04.139 --> 00:15:04.740
sit down and watch this one. And then they had

00:15:04.740 --> 00:15:08.000
Big Guy, who played Lurch. Yes. Yes. On The Addams

00:15:08.000 --> 00:15:10.740
Family. Yeah. That was a great one. Because it

00:15:10.740 --> 00:15:12.919
was just like it had all the elements of people

00:15:12.919 --> 00:15:15.700
going, well, you know, they seem nice. They seem

00:15:15.700 --> 00:15:18.220
nice. Yeah, yeah. And they solved all of our

00:15:18.220 --> 00:15:22.340
war and our famine. It's a cookbook. Yeah. God,

00:15:22.519 --> 00:15:23.840
it was great. They had so many. Another good

00:15:23.840 --> 00:15:26.419
one was The Invaders. Do you remember this one?

00:15:26.659 --> 00:15:31.950
No. This was a one -woman performance. And I

00:15:31.950 --> 00:15:34.029
forgot who it was. Was it not Agnes Moorhead?

00:15:34.049 --> 00:15:37.049
One of these women of that era. It'll come to

00:15:37.049 --> 00:15:39.490
me in a minute. And she's living alone in a farmhouse.

00:15:39.529 --> 00:15:41.990
No electricity. She's got a farm. And she's alone.

00:15:42.730 --> 00:15:47.690
And some alien spacecraft lands on her roof.

00:15:48.750 --> 00:15:51.409
And it's got these devices. It's got these saws

00:15:51.409 --> 00:15:53.730
and blazers cutting through things. And she's

00:15:53.730 --> 00:15:56.230
freaking out. She's got the pan and the pots

00:15:56.230 --> 00:15:59.850
and the rolling pin. And then she gets the shotgun.

00:16:00.169 --> 00:16:03.210
And she's attacking this thing. And you don't

00:16:03.210 --> 00:16:04.870
know what it is. And it's got lights and a thing.

00:16:04.990 --> 00:16:07.490
And it's this tiny little thing. It's like three

00:16:07.490 --> 00:16:10.029
inches across, right? And it turns out that's

00:16:10.029 --> 00:16:12.350
the thing that's attacking her. And then she

00:16:12.350 --> 00:16:14.789
finally, like, comes. That's it. See the little

00:16:14.789 --> 00:16:22.639
robot? Okay. And then I got to give it away.

00:16:22.659 --> 00:16:24.460
The show is 40 years old. I can give the punchline.

00:16:24.559 --> 00:16:27.720
Okay. So she actually successfully damages the

00:16:27.720 --> 00:16:30.379
thing. And then you zoom in on it. Right. And

00:16:30.379 --> 00:16:33.399
then you hear a radio transmission from the aliens

00:16:33.399 --> 00:16:38.360
that are inside. And it says, yeah, hello. Hello.

00:16:39.139 --> 00:16:41.899
Houston, there's a giant who's trying to attack

00:16:41.899 --> 00:16:47.490
us. We need help. Send backups. Oh. It was great.

00:16:47.809 --> 00:16:52.610
Whoa. We were the invaders. That was us landing

00:16:52.610 --> 00:16:55.789
on her home. Some other planet or some parallel

00:16:55.789 --> 00:16:58.470
earth from some other dimension. It's just this

00:16:58.470 --> 00:17:02.330
small are we no no no no, okay? Yeah, I get it.

00:17:02.330 --> 00:17:04.990
So she's it's another planet She's the cheese

00:17:04.990 --> 00:17:07.109
the giant they're saying there's a giant attacking

00:17:07.109 --> 00:17:10.329
us right, but the whole show you are have her

00:17:10.329 --> 00:17:13.269
point aliens The these aliens are trying to hurt

00:17:13.269 --> 00:17:16.230
her when they're just it was our space probe.

00:17:16.430 --> 00:17:19.569
Just trying to Explore its environment. But isn't

00:17:19.569 --> 00:17:21.309
it possible that it's like another dimension?

00:17:21.509 --> 00:17:24.069
It's us in another dimension and they are landing

00:17:24.069 --> 00:17:29.170
on Earth? Except it is. No, no. I mean, they

00:17:29.170 --> 00:17:31.130
were speaking English. But couldn't they have

00:17:31.130 --> 00:17:34.089
just parallel evolution? Well, isn't that the

00:17:34.089 --> 00:17:38.589
definition of infinity? That somewhere, if there

00:17:38.589 --> 00:17:41.589
is really an infinity, there is not only a you

00:17:41.589 --> 00:17:43.769
and an I, but there's a you and an I and everybody

00:17:43.769 --> 00:17:46.029
else we've ever met and all the exact events

00:17:46.029 --> 00:17:48.210
in the exact same order have gone down an infinite

00:17:48.210 --> 00:17:49.710
number of times, including this conversation.

00:17:49.750 --> 00:17:54.089
Okay, except. Except. There is. I don't know

00:17:54.089 --> 00:17:56.890
how many people know this, but often it's mind

00:17:56.890 --> 00:17:59.410
-blowing when you learn that some infinities

00:17:59.410 --> 00:18:04.930
are bigger than others. Joe Rogan just leaned

00:18:04.930 --> 00:18:07.970
two feet away from the microphone. How's that?

00:18:08.029 --> 00:18:11.049
Yeah, not all infinities are the same size. But

00:18:11.049 --> 00:18:13.650
if it's infinity, then it's infinity. It's infinite.

00:18:13.890 --> 00:18:16.490
What is no? Okay. Don't you remember when you

00:18:16.490 --> 00:18:17.750
were a kid? They said, what's the biggest number

00:18:17.750 --> 00:18:18.789
you know? A million. Well, there's a million

00:18:18.789 --> 00:18:20.970
and one. Right. Okay, how about... A billion.

00:18:21.029 --> 00:18:22.970
It was a billion and one. The annoying kid always

00:18:22.970 --> 00:18:24.809
added one to it. Okay, how about infinity? Well,

00:18:24.829 --> 00:18:26.970
infinity and one. Okay, well, it turns out infinity

00:18:26.970 --> 00:18:29.609
and one and infinity are the same number. Okay?

00:18:29.990 --> 00:18:36.970
So, for example, the number of counting numbers,

00:18:37.130 --> 00:18:40.490
so one, two, three, up to infinity. Okay? Right.

00:18:40.589 --> 00:18:43.410
The numbers you would use to count things. That's

00:18:43.410 --> 00:18:48.549
infinite. The number of irrational numbers. So

00:18:48.549 --> 00:18:51.109
the numbers that you cannot represent as a fraction,

00:18:52.130 --> 00:18:58.789
okay? That, there's more, there are more of those

00:18:58.789 --> 00:19:02.009
than there are counting numbers. Whoa. By far.

00:19:02.069 --> 00:19:04.250
So these are orders of infinity. Then there are

00:19:04.250 --> 00:19:09.089
more, there are more transcendental numbers than

00:19:09.089 --> 00:19:14.220
there are irrational numbers. What's a transcendental

00:19:14.220 --> 00:19:15.740
number? So that's a number that you'll never

00:19:15.740 --> 00:19:19.480
find as a solution to an algebraic equation.

00:19:19.680 --> 00:19:22.779
So pi is a transcendental number. E is a transcendental

00:19:22.779 --> 00:19:24.819
number. These are magic numbers that show up

00:19:24.819 --> 00:19:27.279
in mathematics. And it turns out there's like

00:19:27.279 --> 00:19:30.579
an even bigger infinity of those than there is

00:19:30.579 --> 00:19:33.400
of these other two classes of numbers. And they

00:19:33.400 --> 00:19:41.119
use the Hebrew letter Aleph in... in rankings.

00:19:41.319 --> 00:19:43.960
So it's LF1, LF2, LF3, LF4. I think there are

00:19:43.960 --> 00:19:47.339
five levels of infinity. So my point is, just

00:19:47.339 --> 00:19:49.599
because there's infinite universes, to me, doesn't

00:19:49.599 --> 00:19:51.079
mean there's infinite conversations that have

00:19:51.079 --> 00:19:53.759
happened. And I'd want to really explore the

00:19:53.759 --> 00:19:56.299
depths of infinities before I say and agree with

00:19:56.299 --> 00:19:59.339
you that this conversation has happened a million,

00:19:59.559 --> 00:20:02.279
you know, an infinite number of times in just

00:20:02.279 --> 00:20:03.980
this way, except you have a different engineer

00:20:03.980 --> 00:20:07.460
sitting next to us. And an infinite number of

00:20:07.460 --> 00:20:09.380
times where it's been Jamie, too, right? Yeah.

00:20:09.680 --> 00:20:11.940
In principle, that's the argument that's given.

00:20:12.119 --> 00:20:14.640
But I think that there's some nested infinities

00:20:14.640 --> 00:20:17.559
in there that deserve some explanation. My feeble

00:20:17.559 --> 00:20:19.920
brain is not handling this well. Well, that's

00:20:19.920 --> 00:20:25.980
fine. As I've said, as I say in the epigraph

00:20:25.980 --> 00:20:29.960
of the book. Book that's not available yet, but

00:20:29.960 --> 00:20:32.539
I have a copy. Ha ha. Astrophysicist for people

00:20:32.539 --> 00:20:35.170
in a hurry. Astrophysics. For people in a hurry.

00:20:35.490 --> 00:20:37.450
Not astrophysicists for people in a hurry. You

00:20:37.450 --> 00:20:39.170
come over to their house. Hey, what's up? You

00:20:39.170 --> 00:20:42.069
in a hurry? Astrophysics for people in a hurry.

00:20:42.230 --> 00:20:43.549
Oh, you got to say it quick. You got to say it

00:20:43.549 --> 00:20:46.829
because you're in a hurry. So the epigram on

00:20:46.829 --> 00:20:50.569
that is the universe is under no obligation to

00:20:50.569 --> 00:20:53.039
make sense to you. That's rational. And I've

00:20:53.039 --> 00:20:56.019
tweeted that before. And so it makes sense to

00:20:56.019 --> 00:20:57.500
you that the universe is under no obligation

00:20:57.500 --> 00:21:00.039
to make sense. So it's okay if your brain hurts

00:21:00.039 --> 00:21:02.440
when I say there's a ranking of infinities. But

00:21:02.440 --> 00:21:05.779
you shouldn't say that doesn't make sense, therefore

00:21:05.779 --> 00:21:07.579
it is not true. I definitely wouldn't say that.

00:21:07.680 --> 00:21:10.039
But what confuses me is the word infinity because

00:21:10.039 --> 00:21:11.680
I had always taken the word infinity to mean

00:21:11.680 --> 00:21:14.160
something that has no end. So how can something

00:21:14.160 --> 00:21:16.279
that has no end be larger than something else

00:21:16.279 --> 00:21:17.720
that has no end? So the way they do that mathematically,

00:21:18.039 --> 00:21:20.180
the way to demonstrate that mathematically is

00:21:20.180 --> 00:21:24.599
you map. one item in the set of this infinity

00:21:24.599 --> 00:21:27.940
to corresponding items in the set of the other

00:21:27.940 --> 00:21:30.740
infinity. And so you do this. So you take the

00:21:30.740 --> 00:21:32.859
one and you map it to like the first transcendental

00:21:32.859 --> 00:21:35.180
number. Take the two to the second. You just

00:21:35.180 --> 00:21:38.440
keep doing this. And when you do that mathematically,

00:21:38.940 --> 00:21:41.799
what you find that one infinity outstrips the

00:21:41.799 --> 00:21:44.059
other infinity. Wow. And then you're left with

00:21:44.059 --> 00:21:46.839
more numbers. So that shows you that you have

00:21:46.839 --> 00:21:50.410
a bigger infinity. Now, when you find, I mean,

00:21:50.410 --> 00:21:53.509
there's a new NASA announcement that's supposed

00:21:53.509 --> 00:21:55.990
to, is it Monday that's supposed to be announced?

00:21:56.109 --> 00:21:57.950
Or tomorrow? Is it tomorrow? The exoplanet announcement.

00:21:57.950 --> 00:22:00.430
Yeah, it's a Wednesday. Yeah. Yeah, so it's Wednesday.

00:22:00.609 --> 00:22:03.430
I don't have a secret. You don't have juicy details?

00:22:03.750 --> 00:22:06.250
I'm not authorized to. Okay. If you did have

00:22:06.250 --> 00:22:08.109
juicy details, is there a time? Okay, let me

00:22:08.109 --> 00:22:09.950
invent some juicy details that it could be. So

00:22:09.950 --> 00:22:13.279
NASA, so. He's been good at segueing lately.

00:22:13.680 --> 00:22:15.920
I'm just jumping in. He's just jumping. I know

00:22:15.920 --> 00:22:17.619
I only have a short amount of time before you've

00:22:17.619 --> 00:22:19.599
got to get that red eye. Yeah, I'm flying back.

00:22:19.920 --> 00:22:22.000
Thanks for fitting this in, Joe. My pleasure.

00:22:22.000 --> 00:22:23.940
Anytime. I would open this place up at 3 in the

00:22:23.940 --> 00:22:27.000
morning for you. Oh, man. I feel the love, so

00:22:27.000 --> 00:22:32.000
thank you. Here's some things it could be, because

00:22:32.000 --> 00:22:36.059
NASA is saying that it's a stunning new announcement.

00:22:36.279 --> 00:22:38.500
Well, what could be more than the fact that we

00:22:38.500 --> 00:22:42.900
already know that there are Earth -like planets

00:22:42.900 --> 00:22:46.420
orbiting in the Goldilocks zone of the nearest

00:22:46.420 --> 00:22:49.539
star to the sun, Proxima Centauri? Can you do

00:22:49.539 --> 00:22:52.339
better than that for me, NASA? I don't think

00:22:52.339 --> 00:22:55.579
so, unless you got some extra stuff you're going

00:22:55.579 --> 00:22:59.150
to tell us, like... What's been a cottage industry

00:22:59.150 --> 00:23:01.710
in the last couple of years is the observation

00:23:01.710 --> 00:23:05.490
of planet atmospheres. As the planet passes in

00:23:05.490 --> 00:23:07.690
front of the host star, light from the host star

00:23:07.690 --> 00:23:12.250
passes through the atmosphere, and the light

00:23:12.250 --> 00:23:14.730
signature is altered by the chemistry of the

00:23:14.730 --> 00:23:16.750
atmosphere. So depending on what the chemicals

00:23:16.750 --> 00:23:19.890
are, it'll influence the spectrum that you get.

00:23:20.130 --> 00:23:22.430
And when you do that, you can say what the chemical

00:23:22.430 --> 00:23:24.809
composition of the atmosphere of that star is.

00:23:24.910 --> 00:23:28.279
There's certain... There's a certain combinations

00:23:28.279 --> 00:23:33.059
of elements that we would call biomarkers No,

00:23:33.099 --> 00:23:34.740
we can't look down to the surface of the planet

00:23:34.740 --> 00:23:37.000
and look at cities if there are any but there

00:23:37.000 --> 00:23:40.019
are Consequences in the atmosphere to there being

00:23:40.019 --> 00:23:43.019
life on the surface such as is there oxygen there

00:23:43.019 --> 00:23:45.859
I Used to think when I was watching Star Trek

00:23:45.859 --> 00:23:47.599
when I was a kid because I saw it in real time.

00:23:47.720 --> 00:23:50.299
That's how old I am When it first came out original

00:23:50.299 --> 00:23:54.819
series Star Trek characters never wore spacesuits.

00:23:55.279 --> 00:23:57.460
Yeah You ever wonder? I mean, you ever thought

00:23:57.460 --> 00:23:59.859
about that? Okay. What happens is they visit

00:23:59.859 --> 00:24:01.960
planets that have nitrogen -oxygen atmosphere,

00:24:02.240 --> 00:24:04.339
Jim. All right. Well, that's what our atmosphere

00:24:04.339 --> 00:24:06.000
is, nitrogen -oxygen. So they find planets with

00:24:06.000 --> 00:24:07.740
nitrogen -oxygen. They go down. They don't need

00:24:07.740 --> 00:24:09.579
a spacesuit. So they've actually thought about

00:24:09.579 --> 00:24:12.759
that, and that's their solution. So that must

00:24:12.759 --> 00:24:14.779
mean there'd be planets that you could find.

00:24:14.839 --> 00:24:18.460
Well, here's the thing. We have oxygen on Earth

00:24:18.460 --> 00:24:22.200
only because... There is life on Earth. Not any

00:24:22.200 --> 00:24:25.460
kind of life. Photosynthesizing life. We have

00:24:25.460 --> 00:24:29.539
life that takes sunlight, turns it into chemical

00:24:29.539 --> 00:24:32.759
energy, into itself, into wood, into plants.

00:24:33.059 --> 00:24:37.200
And one of its byproducts is oxygen. Oxygen is

00:24:37.200 --> 00:24:39.579
chemically active. If you took away all plants,

00:24:39.740 --> 00:24:43.650
tomorrow... that oxygen would slowly get absorbed

00:24:43.650 --> 00:24:46.410
chemically into the environment. And then you

00:24:46.410 --> 00:24:49.190
would not have oxygen there to be viewed by aliens

00:24:49.190 --> 00:24:51.349
trying to see if we have life here. And it's

00:24:51.349 --> 00:24:53.009
pretty surprising to people to note that we're

00:24:53.009 --> 00:24:55.170
mostly nitrogen in our atmosphere. Oh, yeah,

00:24:55.170 --> 00:24:58.369
we're 78 % nitrogen in our atmosphere. You know

00:24:58.369 --> 00:25:01.430
what happens if you have too much oxygen? If

00:25:01.430 --> 00:25:03.210
you have, like, let's say 50 % oxygen or more.

00:25:03.210 --> 00:25:06.269
You get really high, right? Isn't that part of

00:25:06.269 --> 00:25:08.609
it? No, what happens is, like, a forest fire

00:25:08.609 --> 00:25:11.650
would never go out. Oh. Yeah, because oxygen

00:25:11.650 --> 00:25:14.529
feeds combustion, and so you could basically

00:25:14.529 --> 00:25:16.869
burn all vegetation in the world if the oxygen

00:25:16.869 --> 00:25:19.990
went above certain thresholds. So you need it

00:25:19.990 --> 00:25:21.650
high enough so that you can still have oxygen

00:25:21.650 --> 00:25:25.049
metabolism, but not so high that it's bad for

00:25:25.049 --> 00:25:28.069
lightning -triggered forest fires. So if they

00:25:28.069 --> 00:25:31.789
see that. I don't know the announcement, but

00:25:31.789 --> 00:25:34.190
I'm just guessing here because it's been a cottage

00:25:34.190 --> 00:25:36.089
industry the last couple of years. Let's find

00:25:36.089 --> 00:25:39.369
these biomarkers. Do you have unstable chemistry?

00:25:39.660 --> 00:25:42.259
going on in that atmosphere because if you do

00:25:42.259 --> 00:25:45.660
it means something's generating it and and certain

00:25:45.660 --> 00:25:48.140
combinations of chemistry tells you there's likely

00:25:48.140 --> 00:25:51.259
to be life of some kind now just a couple decades

00:25:51.259 --> 00:25:55.299
ago we had speculation of other planets but we

00:25:55.299 --> 00:25:57.579
really didn't have any tangible proof in fact

00:25:57.579 --> 00:26:00.460
anyone anytime i give a public talk you do this

00:26:00.460 --> 00:26:03.470
at your in your gigs ask who here's born since

00:26:03.470 --> 00:26:08.190
1995, okay? And your audience leans young, so

00:26:08.190 --> 00:26:10.269
there'll be some fraction of the audience that'll

00:26:10.269 --> 00:26:13.950
raise their hand. And so what I do is I knight

00:26:13.950 --> 00:26:18.890
them as Generation Exoplanet. Ah. Because 1995

00:26:18.890 --> 00:26:22.150
was the first year that a planet outside of our

00:26:22.150 --> 00:26:24.549
own solar system was discovered. So they have

00:26:24.549 --> 00:26:27.200
been alive. only during a time where we've known

00:26:27.200 --> 00:26:29.440
of other star systems. That's so crazy. Generation

00:26:29.440 --> 00:26:33.319
exoplanet. I want to start that movement. It's

00:26:33.319 --> 00:26:36.539
so crazy. That's so recent. It is. I was living

00:26:36.539 --> 00:26:40.920
out here. It's 24 years ago. 22 years ago. That's

00:26:40.920 --> 00:26:42.920
insane. If you stop and think about it, what

00:26:42.920 --> 00:26:44.900
a short period of time that is. And in that period

00:26:44.900 --> 00:26:47.680
of time... There's like rising through 3 ,000

00:26:47.680 --> 00:26:49.579
exoplanets. This is the advance of technology.

00:26:49.700 --> 00:26:52.400
That's not just science advance. That's engineering

00:26:52.400 --> 00:26:56.200
and technology. and telescope quality and imaging

00:26:56.200 --> 00:26:58.839
quality. And there's a lot that goes on to the

00:26:58.839 --> 00:27:00.799
advance of science. It's not just how clever

00:27:00.799 --> 00:27:03.839
you are in an Einsteinian way. It's do you know

00:27:03.839 --> 00:27:06.500
good engineers to build a device to make the

00:27:06.500 --> 00:27:08.279
measurement? This is how we discovered gravity

00:27:08.279 --> 00:27:11.160
waves. Now, what's your take on that planet that's

00:27:11.160 --> 00:27:13.579
supposed to be outside the Kuiper Belt? Oh, yeah,

00:27:13.579 --> 00:27:16.720
Planet 9. Planet 9. So far? Yeah, yeah. All the

00:27:16.720 --> 00:27:19.119
data look convincing. So what they've done is

00:27:19.119 --> 00:27:21.059
they've looked at other objects in the Kuiper

00:27:21.059 --> 00:27:23.539
Belt and looked at these are... colleagues of

00:27:23.539 --> 00:27:27.779
mine at caltech um so it's it's mike brown who

00:27:27.779 --> 00:27:30.859
you know i get blamed for killing pluto but i

00:27:30.859 --> 00:27:33.220
i was an accessory for sure but i didn't definitely

00:27:33.220 --> 00:27:35.599
didn't kill that dude killed pluto all right

00:27:35.599 --> 00:27:37.980
he found another object that was basically the

00:27:37.980 --> 00:27:40.500
size of pluto out there so either you make that

00:27:40.500 --> 00:27:43.640
a planet or you demote pluto and how much smaller

00:27:43.640 --> 00:27:46.680
is pluto than let's say our moon oh so so don't

00:27:46.680 --> 00:27:49.200
get me started our moon has five times the mass

00:27:49.200 --> 00:27:53.759
of pluto wow So Pluto was lame from the beginning.

00:27:54.160 --> 00:27:57.039
We thought it was big. We wanted it to be big.

00:27:57.140 --> 00:28:01.640
We made it one of us, one of the nine. And its

00:28:01.640 --> 00:28:04.519
size didn't settle out until the late 1970s,

00:28:04.519 --> 00:28:06.740
where we had better and better, more accurate

00:28:06.740 --> 00:28:08.660
ways to measure its size. And that's when we

00:28:08.660 --> 00:28:10.500
learned. It's small even compared to our own.

00:28:10.599 --> 00:28:14.359
But granted, we have a big moon. If you're not

00:28:14.359 --> 00:28:15.819
going to think our moon is a planet, you're certainly

00:28:15.819 --> 00:28:17.640
not going to think that Pluto is a planet. So

00:28:17.640 --> 00:28:19.000
this object, let me just tell you how they did

00:28:19.000 --> 00:28:20.640
it. So they found these other objects out there,

00:28:20.740 --> 00:28:29.039
the same team. Constantine Battingen and Mike

00:28:29.039 --> 00:28:32.440
Brown, both at Caltech. And they found these

00:28:32.440 --> 00:28:35.019
objects in the outer, the Kuiper Belt, of icy

00:28:35.019 --> 00:28:37.559
bodies. of which Pluto is a member. You track

00:28:37.559 --> 00:28:40.460
their motion, and you say, okay, if I add up

00:28:40.460 --> 00:28:42.140
all the gravity that's affecting them, they should

00:28:42.140 --> 00:28:44.059
move this way, but they don't. They move another

00:28:44.059 --> 00:28:47.259
way. a different way. So either Newton's laws

00:28:47.259 --> 00:28:49.819
of gravity are failing in the outer solar system,

00:28:49.859 --> 00:28:52.039
or there's some object out there whose gravity

00:28:52.039 --> 00:28:54.940
you have yet to reconcile with the motions of

00:28:54.940 --> 00:28:57.240
these objects. So they said, let's assume Newton

00:28:57.240 --> 00:29:00.579
is right. What object do we have to put out there,

00:29:00.680 --> 00:29:03.619
at what distance and at what size, to influence

00:29:03.619 --> 00:29:05.759
the movement of these Kuiper belt objects in

00:29:05.759 --> 00:29:07.460
the way we see it? And did they do this through

00:29:07.460 --> 00:29:11.059
Bode's law? No, no, we're way past. Way past.

00:29:11.519 --> 00:29:13.440
Thanks for remembering Bode's Law, but Bode's

00:29:13.440 --> 00:29:17.220
Law was an early measure of where you might find

00:29:17.220 --> 00:29:19.299
a new planet. And it was based on mass and gravity.

00:29:19.359 --> 00:29:22.460
No, no, Bode's Law was a simple arithmetic tool.

00:29:22.740 --> 00:29:24.539
All it did was basically double the distance

00:29:24.539 --> 00:29:26.920
with a certain additive parameter. Double the

00:29:26.920 --> 00:29:32.839
distance of known planets? So, for example. And

00:29:32.839 --> 00:29:35.720
there's a factor in there that helped the inner

00:29:35.720 --> 00:29:38.859
planets come out right. But let's look at Mars.

00:29:38.920 --> 00:29:41.700
Mars is like two and a half times Earth's distance

00:29:41.700 --> 00:29:44.670
from the sun. What comes after Mars? Jupiter.

00:29:44.930 --> 00:29:47.789
Jupiter is five times Earth's distance. Oh, I

00:29:47.789 --> 00:29:49.930
see. Saturn is ten times. It went from two and

00:29:49.930 --> 00:29:52.730
a half to five to ten. So, Bode's Law is just

00:29:52.730 --> 00:29:55.369
a simple arithmetic scheme. It's not based in

00:29:55.369 --> 00:29:57.390
any known physics. And it was only based on the

00:29:57.390 --> 00:29:58.849
solar system itself. On the solar system itself,

00:29:59.009 --> 00:30:01.529
that's right. And it worked, and yet you have

00:30:01.529 --> 00:30:04.029
to fudge your way to get Mercury to work in that.

00:30:04.210 --> 00:30:06.710
Oh, really? And it didn't have Pluto. Of course,

00:30:06.710 --> 00:30:09.049
Pluto wasn't a planet anyway. But anyhow, it

00:30:09.049 --> 00:30:14.109
was a fudgy way that was most... right by accident

00:30:14.109 --> 00:30:16.690
and this was in like what year was this oh that

00:30:16.690 --> 00:30:21.950
was 1800s basically yeah yeah so now we have

00:30:21.950 --> 00:30:24.569
advanced computer programming very high precision

00:30:24.569 --> 00:30:26.569
modeling and they're saying there's got to be

00:30:26.569 --> 00:30:29.470
a planet somewhere here in this arc of the sky

00:30:29.470 --> 00:30:31.359
let's look for it Because we think that's what's

00:30:31.359 --> 00:30:32.720
affecting the orbits of these other objects.

00:30:32.799 --> 00:30:35.059
And that is a completely noble way to discover

00:30:35.059 --> 00:30:37.640
a planet. That's how Neptune was discovered.

00:30:37.980 --> 00:30:42.859
And because everyone looked at the orbit of Uranus

00:30:42.859 --> 00:30:44.859
and said, you know, Uranus is not following Newton's

00:30:44.859 --> 00:30:47.460
laws. Maybe Newton's laws don't work that far

00:30:47.460 --> 00:30:49.980
out. It's never been tested that far. And they

00:30:49.980 --> 00:30:52.839
said, well, let's assume it works. ask what would

00:30:52.839 --> 00:30:55.019
have to influence it. And by the way, it's a

00:30:55.019 --> 00:30:57.119
difficult mathematical calculation because you're

00:30:57.119 --> 00:30:58.960
not saying, here's the object, what's the gravity

00:30:58.960 --> 00:31:01.720
field? You're saying, here's the gravity field

00:31:01.720 --> 00:31:06.259
I need. Where must the object be and how massive

00:31:06.259 --> 00:31:08.460
must it be? That's a much harder mathematical

00:31:08.460 --> 00:31:14.900
problem to solve. And so once the errant orbit

00:31:14.900 --> 00:31:19.599
of Uranus was known and calculated, they started

00:31:19.599 --> 00:31:22.819
looking for another And that's how they discovered

00:31:22.819 --> 00:31:25.420
planet Neptune. Wow. So now when they're looking

00:31:25.420 --> 00:31:27.400
at this planet nine. I hope I said that right.

00:31:27.539 --> 00:31:29.960
It was the movement of Uranus's orbit was not

00:31:29.960 --> 00:31:32.519
following proper laws. And they inferred the

00:31:32.519 --> 00:31:34.960
presence of Neptune. They said, look here, tomorrow

00:31:34.960 --> 00:31:37.440
night. And they looked there and they found it.

00:31:37.539 --> 00:31:41.200
Wow. Yes. It was a brilliant display. And no,

00:31:41.240 --> 00:31:45.720
we're going back to the 19th century. So, I mean,

00:31:45.740 --> 00:31:49.400
people were badass. Every generation's got their

00:31:49.400 --> 00:31:51.839
badass scientists. Now, how much further out

00:31:51.839 --> 00:31:54.960
from the known solar system is this unknown planet

00:31:54.960 --> 00:31:56.619
supposed to be? So I'm not quick to call it Planet

00:31:56.619 --> 00:32:00.940
9 because it's 20 ,000 times farther away from

00:32:00.940 --> 00:32:04.240
the sun than the Earth is. So I'm not – sorry,

00:32:04.359 --> 00:32:06.000
you're not in the family. You're not in the neighborhood.

00:32:06.019 --> 00:32:09.559
No, you're not in the hood. Sorry, I'm not feeling

00:32:09.559 --> 00:32:11.160
it. It's like calling Connecticut New York City.

00:32:11.279 --> 00:32:14.279
I'm not feeling it. I'm not feeling it. But it's

00:32:14.279 --> 00:32:15.900
something massive, right? It's like six times

00:32:15.900 --> 00:32:18.150
the mass of the Earth? I forgot what mass they

00:32:18.150 --> 00:32:21.109
were assigning it, but, yeah, if that were in

00:32:21.109 --> 00:32:22.890
our solar system, there'd be no question you

00:32:22.890 --> 00:32:25.009
would label it as a planet. And it wasn't their

00:32:25.009 --> 00:32:26.890
one -time speculation that it was some sort of

00:32:26.890 --> 00:32:28.849
a burnt -out star that existed further? No, not

00:32:28.849 --> 00:32:30.789
at that mass. No? No, no, no. Too small? No,

00:32:30.789 --> 00:32:32.670
you might be thinking, if that's what I think

00:32:32.670 --> 00:32:34.609
you're thinking, you've got good memory. Long

00:32:34.609 --> 00:32:37.650
ago, in a galaxy far away, so I'm talking about

00:32:37.650 --> 00:32:40.569
the 1970s, people looked at the extinction record

00:32:40.569 --> 00:32:43.450
on Earth, and every 20 ,000 years they found

00:32:43.450 --> 00:32:46.680
a little blip, a little dip in... the fossil

00:32:46.680 --> 00:32:48.960
record where we lost some species, and people

00:32:48.960 --> 00:32:51.460
were wondering why. Could there have been some

00:32:51.460 --> 00:32:56.640
flux of comets raining down periodically on the

00:32:56.640 --> 00:32:59.319
Earth, wreaking havoc on the ecosystem, rendering

00:32:59.319 --> 00:33:01.440
species extinct in these periodic intervals?

00:33:01.519 --> 00:33:05.619
If there is, maybe there's some double star to

00:33:05.619 --> 00:33:08.170
the sun. Right, binary star system. Some binary

00:33:08.170 --> 00:33:11.630
star system. So they invoked it, and they called

00:33:11.630 --> 00:33:13.390
it, they came and named it. They called it Nemesis.

00:33:13.410 --> 00:33:16.470
They gave it a name. And so you know what period,

00:33:16.690 --> 00:33:19.130
orbital period, that object must have. It's got

00:33:19.130 --> 00:33:22.789
to match the extinction. And so it's got to be

00:33:22.789 --> 00:33:26.690
a 20 ,000 -year period. But people looked for

00:33:26.690 --> 00:33:29.470
it. They couldn't find it. And then you reanalyzed

00:33:29.470 --> 00:33:33.369
the extinction records. And you had to fudge

00:33:33.369 --> 00:33:36.210
it to make it look like it was periodic. So basically

00:33:36.210 --> 00:33:39.490
we've abandoned the idea of nemesis. And aren't

00:33:39.490 --> 00:33:41.650
binary star systems really common? Yeah. More

00:33:41.650 --> 00:33:43.109
than half the stars you see in the night sky

00:33:43.109 --> 00:33:45.690
are binary or multiple systems. In fact, the

00:33:45.690 --> 00:33:48.150
iconic image from Star Wars, the original Star

00:33:48.150 --> 00:33:50.759
Wars movie, before they numbered them. I think,

00:33:50.759 --> 00:33:53.859
what Star Wars 4. Tatooine, right? Is that what

00:33:53.859 --> 00:33:58.000
they were? Well, yeah, whatever that desert planet

00:33:58.000 --> 00:34:01.400
that Luke was on. And he comes out after visiting

00:34:01.400 --> 00:34:04.440
his, what is his step -parent? No, his adoptive

00:34:04.440 --> 00:34:06.720
parents. I don't remember. Whoever he was visiting.

00:34:06.819 --> 00:34:10.019
He comes out and you see a double sunset. So

00:34:10.019 --> 00:34:12.699
that's basically the only accurate science in

00:34:12.699 --> 00:34:15.320
the entire series. That's it? Star Wars series.

00:34:16.860 --> 00:34:18.699
That was another thing I really enjoyed is you're

00:34:18.699 --> 00:34:21.719
taking a part of gravity, the movie gravity,

00:34:21.840 --> 00:34:23.199
and how many people got mad at you for that?

00:34:23.239 --> 00:34:25.300
Yeah, you know, so I stopped commenting on movies.

00:34:25.360 --> 00:34:28.460
I don't need to piss people off. When I watch

00:34:28.460 --> 00:34:31.480
a movie, I'm having those thoughts. Anyway, so

00:34:31.480 --> 00:34:33.679
I might as well share them with people if you're

00:34:33.679 --> 00:34:36.420
interested. So I did just that. And then people,

00:34:36.500 --> 00:34:38.679
the last time I did it was for Star Wars, The

00:34:38.679 --> 00:34:41.840
Force Awakens, Star Wars 7. I had a series of

00:34:41.840 --> 00:34:46.440
tweets. You know, one of them was BB -8, a smooth

00:34:46.440 --> 00:34:50.460
rolling metal spherical ball would have skidded

00:34:50.460 --> 00:34:55.429
uncontrollably on sand. People. Got angry. Someone

00:34:55.429 --> 00:35:01.670
tweeted back, shut the fuck up. So I said, okay,

00:35:01.769 --> 00:35:03.730
I'm not here to get people angry. I'm just here

00:35:03.730 --> 00:35:06.429
to enlighten, to help people enhance their movie

00:35:06.429 --> 00:35:08.489
-going experience. But to the extent that it's

00:35:08.489 --> 00:35:10.809
not accomplishing this, I don't need to do it.

00:35:10.889 --> 00:35:13.929
I'm just saying. I'm an educator. I thought I

00:35:13.929 --> 00:35:16.650
was being nice. I don't need to do it. So I haven't

00:35:16.650 --> 00:35:19.329
tweeted about a movie since then. Don't let them

00:35:19.329 --> 00:35:22.329
stop you. I have tweets I could post about Arrival.

00:35:22.550 --> 00:35:25.179
Please do. I didn't watch that. I watched a little

00:35:25.179 --> 00:35:27.139
bit of it. I shut it off. Okay. No, you got to

00:35:27.139 --> 00:35:29.340
give it a chance. As soon as I see a movie that

00:35:29.340 --> 00:35:31.619
starts out, spoiler alert, starts out with a

00:35:31.619 --> 00:35:33.840
sick kid, I'm like, fuck you. I know what you're

00:35:33.840 --> 00:35:36.320
doing. No. In fact, it's very not about the kid.

00:35:36.440 --> 00:35:37.780
I'm sure. That's what I keep hearing. It's totally

00:35:37.780 --> 00:35:40.019
not about the kid. Jamie hated it. Oh, yeah?

00:35:40.750 --> 00:35:44.469
Yeah. Okay. So you just give it a chance. But

00:35:44.469 --> 00:35:46.849
anyhow, so I just stopped. Maybe I'll come back,

00:35:46.869 --> 00:35:50.429
but I'm... Do it! Yeah. People need to know.

00:35:50.570 --> 00:35:52.829
Like gravity. That was good that you explained

00:35:52.829 --> 00:35:55.710
that not only is this not plausible, those two

00:35:55.710 --> 00:35:57.570
satellites aren't anywhere near each other. Oh

00:35:57.570 --> 00:36:00.050
my gosh. Then they said, oh, there's the International

00:36:00.050 --> 00:36:02.789
Space Station and I'm on the Chinese space station.

00:36:02.849 --> 00:36:05.969
Let me just jet pack my way there. Yeah. Do you

00:36:05.969 --> 00:36:10.170
realize... Excuse me, lady. Do you... Hey, lady,

00:36:10.369 --> 00:36:12.650
do you know how far away these are from one another?

00:36:12.789 --> 00:36:14.750
You can just jet around from one space station

00:36:14.750 --> 00:36:17.130
to another. No, can't do it. They're tens of

00:36:17.130 --> 00:36:19.809
thousands of miles from one another. For goodness

00:36:19.809 --> 00:36:22.230
sake. But anyhow, so yeah, you remember these

00:36:22.230 --> 00:36:23.530
tweets. Please keep doing it. It was like 15

00:36:23.530 --> 00:36:26.030
tweets. And I didn't know. That was when I realized.

00:36:26.150 --> 00:36:29.130
Like the press was reading my movie tweets. And

00:36:29.130 --> 00:36:32.429
those tweets. Now, a couple of years ago when

00:36:32.429 --> 00:36:38.840
Gravity came out with Sandra Bullock and. What's

00:36:38.840 --> 00:36:42.000
the dude's name? George Clooney. So I tweeted

00:36:42.000 --> 00:36:46.039
it and they got talked about on the Today Show,

00:36:46.260 --> 00:36:49.980
the weekend Today Show on NBC. Then it was talked

00:36:49.980 --> 00:36:52.659
about on NBC Nightly News. Then my tweets were

00:36:52.659 --> 00:36:54.820
talked about on Saturday Night Live's weekend

00:36:54.820 --> 00:36:59.050
update. It was like the NBC trifecta. And I said,

00:36:59.150 --> 00:37:03.789
my gosh, that was not the point. I didn't seek

00:37:03.789 --> 00:37:07.289
this. It's fine. I'm glad they are reacting this

00:37:07.289 --> 00:37:09.550
way because that means they care about the science

00:37:09.550 --> 00:37:12.550
maybe. But what Seth Meyers did, because he was

00:37:12.550 --> 00:37:16.369
doing Weekend Update at the time, he said, astrophysicist

00:37:16.369 --> 00:37:18.409
Neil deGrasse Tyson harshly criticized the movie

00:37:18.409 --> 00:37:21.369
Gravity, saying it contains a number of scientific

00:37:21.369 --> 00:37:25.179
inaccuracies. For example, There is no way George

00:37:25.179 --> 00:37:27.800
Clooney would have spent that much time talking

00:37:27.800 --> 00:37:32.460
to a woman his own age. That's hilarious. I think

00:37:32.460 --> 00:37:33.960
Sandra Bullock's still younger than George Clooney,

00:37:34.000 --> 00:37:36.360
though. So they should have got their facts right.

00:37:36.360 --> 00:37:38.119
Yeah, but not by much. I mean, yeah, they were

00:37:38.119 --> 00:37:40.219
in the same neighborhood. Yes, they were in the

00:37:40.219 --> 00:37:42.860
neighborhood. Yeah, I think it's important. I

00:37:42.860 --> 00:37:45.739
think you enjoy the movie. It's great. It's fun

00:37:45.739 --> 00:37:47.500
and everything like that. But it's important

00:37:47.500 --> 00:37:51.309
to point out what the science errors are. I think

00:37:51.309 --> 00:37:54.110
the movie could have done better. Honestly, I

00:37:54.110 --> 00:37:55.889
think they could have made the same movie with

00:37:55.889 --> 00:37:57.650
correct signs. People thought I didn't like the

00:37:57.650 --> 00:37:59.150
movie when all I was doing was pointing out things

00:37:59.150 --> 00:38:01.469
they got wrong. By the way, they did some stunning

00:38:01.469 --> 00:38:04.170
things correctly. For example, this is brilliant.

00:38:04.929 --> 00:38:09.250
If you're in zero G, a fire basically puts itself

00:38:09.250 --> 00:38:12.789
out. So think about when you burn a candle on

00:38:12.789 --> 00:38:16.090
Earth, so you light the wick. Does people have

00:38:16.090 --> 00:38:17.789
candles anymore? They forgot what a candle is.

00:38:17.869 --> 00:38:20.429
You light it with a match that you used to get

00:38:20.429 --> 00:38:25.309
from smoking lounges at bars. All right. So you

00:38:25.309 --> 00:38:29.409
light the candle and it stays lit. The fuel is

00:38:29.409 --> 00:38:34.269
the wax. The oxygen continually comes in because

00:38:34.269 --> 00:38:36.110
it heats the air around it and the air rises.

00:38:36.809 --> 00:38:39.570
Hot air rises, and fresh air comes in from below

00:38:39.570 --> 00:38:41.670
and has fresh oxygen. So the candle will stay

00:38:41.670 --> 00:38:44.090
lit until it burns all the way down. In space,

00:38:44.369 --> 00:38:46.730
if you light a candle, you can light the candle.

00:38:46.929 --> 00:38:49.110
It'll heat the air, but the air will not know

00:38:49.110 --> 00:38:51.889
where to go because it's not lighter than everything

00:38:51.889 --> 00:38:54.710
because it's in zero G. It'll stay clustered

00:38:54.710 --> 00:38:56.789
around the candle. The candle will use up all

00:38:56.789 --> 00:38:59.250
the oxygen in that bubble, and then it'll put

00:38:59.250 --> 00:39:03.150
itself out. They did this in the movie. So why

00:39:03.150 --> 00:39:06.070
do they have some good science? Because you can't

00:39:06.070 --> 00:39:07.369
think of everything. Why don't they just have

00:39:07.369 --> 00:39:09.929
you on staff? Bring you in. What's wrong with

00:39:09.929 --> 00:39:10.929
a shitty movie? Maybe I couldn't think of anything.

00:39:11.190 --> 00:39:13.429
So you can't think of everything. So I wasn't

00:39:13.429 --> 00:39:17.150
judgmental so much as this movie. The fact that

00:39:17.150 --> 00:39:20.869
it got so much right is what put it on my map

00:39:20.869 --> 00:39:23.809
to criticize what it got wrong. That makes sense.

00:39:24.349 --> 00:39:27.369
Does that make sense? Like the hair. Earn the

00:39:27.369 --> 00:39:29.730
right. Yeah, oh, the hair. Her bangs should have

00:39:29.730 --> 00:39:31.250
been floating. Floating all over the place, right?

00:39:31.250 --> 00:39:35.030
Now, if you might think, am I nitpicky? No, because

00:39:35.030 --> 00:39:37.150
if you look at any picture of somebody with hair,

00:39:37.329 --> 00:39:40.809
okay, in space, in zero G, their hair is flying

00:39:40.809 --> 00:39:42.530
everywhere. It's the first thing you notice about

00:39:42.530 --> 00:39:45.079
them. It is so obvious. Like, wow, that's the

00:39:45.079 --> 00:39:47.099
cool. You're not thinking about the spaceship

00:39:47.099 --> 00:39:49.199
or the Thai technology. You're looking at the

00:39:49.199 --> 00:39:51.739
hair doing stuff you will never see happen on

00:39:51.739 --> 00:39:53.800
Earth unless someone is, like, underwater and

00:39:53.800 --> 00:39:55.599
they're jiggling their head. So they would have

00:39:55.599 --> 00:39:57.559
to film it all in zero gravity. They would have

00:39:57.559 --> 00:39:59.420
to film it all in one of those drop things. Yeah,

00:39:59.460 --> 00:40:01.880
or the drop thing. They'd have to be clever about

00:40:01.880 --> 00:40:04.000
it. And she only had bangs. That's all you had

00:40:04.000 --> 00:40:05.800
to figure out. They did other clever things.

00:40:05.960 --> 00:40:08.619
So anyway, that's all I did. By the way, in all

00:40:08.619 --> 00:40:10.559
fairness to movies, I'll call out something that's

00:40:10.559 --> 00:40:14.150
good. science that movie got right that otherwise

00:40:14.150 --> 00:40:16.789
got no science right i'll be i'm the first in

00:40:16.789 --> 00:40:20.949
line to do that like what oh uh in the movie

00:40:20.949 --> 00:40:24.969
monsters inc oh my gosh you didn't think i was

00:40:24.969 --> 00:40:27.550
going there did you uh those doors were four

00:40:27.550 --> 00:40:31.070
-dimensional portals to to another that's possible

00:40:31.070 --> 00:40:33.710
well if you had four dimensions that's what it

00:40:33.710 --> 00:40:35.670
would look like do you remember the movie yes

00:40:35.670 --> 00:40:38.429
they take the doors home yes they open the door

00:40:38.840 --> 00:40:41.860
And they're in the closet of the kid that they're

00:40:41.860 --> 00:40:45.619
going to terrorize. Yes. That's a wormhole. That

00:40:45.619 --> 00:40:47.800
is what access to the fourth dimension looks

00:40:47.800 --> 00:40:50.039
like. Do you think scientifically that's possible

00:40:50.039 --> 00:40:53.539
one day? I hope so. I hope so. Really? Because

00:40:53.539 --> 00:40:55.980
here's the example. We've got a nice broad desk

00:40:55.980 --> 00:40:59.380
here at this interview, right? So desk is two

00:40:59.380 --> 00:41:01.800
dimensions. It's got length and width. And I

00:41:01.800 --> 00:41:04.639
can start putting papers on this desk. And I

00:41:04.639 --> 00:41:08.000
can lay them out. mosaic style. And then all

00:41:08.000 --> 00:41:09.820
of a sudden I have no more room to put a sheet

00:41:09.820 --> 00:41:12.880
of paper. If I'm an ant living in this surface

00:41:12.880 --> 00:41:16.500
of the desk, I say, no more room. But wait a

00:41:16.500 --> 00:41:18.559
minute, we are three -dimensional people and

00:41:18.559 --> 00:41:22.880
I can put an organizer and stack things vertically.

00:41:23.340 --> 00:41:25.719
So I can take a sheet of paper and now I can

00:41:25.719 --> 00:41:28.579
put it. higher up than the surface of the desk.

00:41:28.659 --> 00:41:31.260
The ant will say, where did it go? Oh my gosh,

00:41:31.360 --> 00:41:34.820
it disappeared in some portal. No, no, what is

00:41:34.820 --> 00:41:37.300
that? It went into the third dimension and the

00:41:37.300 --> 00:41:40.139
ant bound to, ant obviously is a three -dimensional

00:41:40.139 --> 00:41:43.159
thing. Imagine it only lives in two dimensions.

00:41:43.849 --> 00:41:46.289
You would have made that paper disappear into

00:41:46.289 --> 00:41:48.989
a third dimension and it will have no clue where

00:41:48.989 --> 00:41:51.750
it went because you had a portal. You had access

00:41:51.750 --> 00:41:55.309
to that extra dimension. So look at how much

00:41:55.309 --> 00:41:58.750
you can store on a desk when you have access

00:41:58.750 --> 00:42:02.610
to a third dimension above it. Vastly more than

00:42:02.610 --> 00:42:06.650
just papers mosaicked out on the surface. So

00:42:06.650 --> 00:42:09.869
now let's up this example by a dimension. You're

00:42:09.869 --> 00:42:12.510
storing boxes in a room. Oh, I ran out of room.

00:42:12.929 --> 00:42:14.670
No, you didn't. Let's open this four -dimensional

00:42:14.670 --> 00:42:17.829
door. You open it, put the boxes through the

00:42:17.829 --> 00:42:21.769
door, close the door, box is gone. That would

00:42:21.769 --> 00:42:24.429
be awesome for hoarders. You look around the

00:42:24.429 --> 00:42:26.510
other side of the door, there's nothing there.

00:42:26.630 --> 00:42:28.769
Right. Your side of the door, nothing there.

00:42:28.809 --> 00:42:31.309
It's just a door. That is a portal to a fourth

00:42:31.309 --> 00:42:34.489
dimension. That can hold vastly more content

00:42:34.489 --> 00:42:37.769
than what is what you're stuck storing in the

00:42:37.769 --> 00:42:39.750
three -dimensional space of your room now that

00:42:39.750 --> 00:42:42.449
So that's a brilliant concept and even though

00:42:42.449 --> 00:42:44.230
it has monsters that don't exist that all speak

00:42:44.230 --> 00:42:46.449
English and one of them is a Cyclops and one

00:42:46.449 --> 00:42:49.429
of them is a you know, I'm not judging the biophysiology

00:42:49.429 --> 00:42:51.570
of these creatures, but they got the physics

00:42:51.570 --> 00:42:55.130
of four -dimensional portals completely accurate

00:42:55.500 --> 00:42:58.400
Now the concept of dimensions is work. It's really

00:42:58.400 --> 00:43:00.320
abstract with people I love me some dimensions

00:43:00.320 --> 00:43:03.559
and it is abstract it is now and that's why you

00:43:03.559 --> 00:43:07.440
Take let the math take you into those higher

00:43:07.440 --> 00:43:09.800
dimensions because our intuition will not will

00:43:09.800 --> 00:43:11.679
fail for us, right? Well, that's where it gets

00:43:11.679 --> 00:43:14.280
weird or when you say take the math let the math

00:43:14.280 --> 00:43:16.119
take you so like when quantum physicists use

00:43:16.119 --> 00:43:18.889
these legal notepads, those yellow pads, and

00:43:18.889 --> 00:43:21.170
write all that crazy stuff down that nobody but

00:43:21.170 --> 00:43:23.730
you and maybe them understand. And when you look

00:43:23.730 --> 00:43:25.650
at all those equations... No, it's them, maybe

00:43:25.650 --> 00:43:29.619
me, not me, maybe them. You probably understand

00:43:29.619 --> 00:43:32.380
it, right? But I definitely don't. My point is,

00:43:32.400 --> 00:43:35.880
what are they exactly figuring out that allows

00:43:35.880 --> 00:43:39.340
them to say there are, I think they say, at one

00:43:39.340 --> 00:43:40.659
point in time it was 11, but I think they've

00:43:40.659 --> 00:43:42.360
expanded that, right? What are they saying now?

00:43:42.360 --> 00:43:44.980
I don't have the latest dimension count on the

00:43:44.980 --> 00:43:48.969
universe, but what... The way it works is you're

00:43:48.969 --> 00:43:51.829
trying to make sense of the world. Right. And

00:43:51.829 --> 00:43:56.030
so you take some leaps, some philosophical leaps,

00:43:56.070 --> 00:43:58.570
leaps, some mathematical leaps. You say, all

00:43:58.570 --> 00:44:04.030
right, maybe all particles that manifest as an

00:44:04.030 --> 00:44:07.829
electron, a proton, a neutron, quarks, maybe

00:44:07.829 --> 00:44:12.269
they're just strings of energy vibrating at different

00:44:12.269 --> 00:44:15.469
frequencies. And we sense these different frequencies.

00:44:16.010 --> 00:44:18.809
as different particles. Let's just go there for

00:44:18.809 --> 00:44:20.610
a minute. Well, if you're going to do that, what

00:44:20.610 --> 00:44:24.110
are the consequences to it? And how many dimensions

00:44:24.110 --> 00:44:27.690
do these vibrating strings require to have the

00:44:27.690 --> 00:44:30.369
properties that we see in our dimensionality?

00:44:31.110 --> 00:44:35.250
So the exercise of explaining what you see takes

00:44:35.250 --> 00:44:37.630
you to places that you've never been before.

00:44:37.809 --> 00:44:41.210
And that's fine. Intellectual places that have

00:44:41.210 --> 00:44:43.550
been previously unplumbed. There's nothing wrong

00:44:43.550 --> 00:44:47.530
with that. We've done that before. That's why

00:44:47.530 --> 00:44:49.150
we know what is happening in the center of the

00:44:49.150 --> 00:44:52.809
sun. Have we ever been there? No. No. But we

00:44:52.809 --> 00:44:55.650
know how matter behaves under pressure and temperature.

00:44:56.119 --> 00:44:58.519
We can do that in a laboratory. We've got a sun

00:44:58.519 --> 00:45:00.079
sitting out there with a surface temperature,

00:45:00.320 --> 00:45:03.900
a mass, a certain luminosity. And we say, what

00:45:03.900 --> 00:45:06.440
must be going on down in the core? Let's bring

00:45:06.440 --> 00:45:10.039
our best physics, our quantum physics, our chemistry,

00:45:10.519 --> 00:45:13.800
our nuclear physics, bring it all together, and

00:45:13.800 --> 00:45:16.179
we have a complete understanding of what's going

00:45:16.179 --> 00:45:17.679
on in the center of the sun, and we're on to

00:45:17.679 --> 00:45:20.059
other problems now, even though we've never visited

00:45:20.059 --> 00:45:23.260
there. So when they're going over the mathematics,

00:45:23.639 --> 00:45:26.000
observable things that we have right now are

00:45:26.000 --> 00:45:28.719
at the atomic and subatomic level. Correct. Do

00:45:28.719 --> 00:45:34.590
you realize the electron? Okay, so I did a whole

00:45:34.590 --> 00:45:36.989
series of this. There's something called the

00:45:36.989 --> 00:45:40.789
Great Courses lecture series. Oh, yeah, it was

00:45:40.789 --> 00:45:42.449
a sponsor of this podcast for a while. Were they?

00:45:42.550 --> 00:45:46.889
Really? Okay, Great Courses. So, cool. So I was

00:45:46.889 --> 00:45:49.469
once invited to be one of their professors for

00:45:49.469 --> 00:45:52.469
the Great Courses. And I taught a very short.

00:45:52.809 --> 00:45:54.730
Most of them are like 30 lectures. It's like

00:45:54.730 --> 00:45:57.909
a whole college semester. So I don't have the

00:45:57.909 --> 00:46:00.869
time, the energy. So they let me do like short

00:46:00.869 --> 00:46:03.909
bits. So one of them is only six parts. And it's

00:46:03.909 --> 00:46:07.110
called The Inexplicable Universe. And it's six

00:46:07.110 --> 00:46:11.190
parts of everything about which we know nothing.

00:46:11.840 --> 00:46:13.300
in this universe. And you might say, well, that's

00:46:13.300 --> 00:46:17.260
a pretty easy course to give. Dark matter? Having

00:46:17.260 --> 00:46:19.480
a clue, okay? On to the next lecture. It might

00:46:19.480 --> 00:46:21.139
be something. Dark matter? Yeah, it could be

00:46:21.139 --> 00:46:24.179
something. We don't know. Stay tuned. But it's

00:46:24.179 --> 00:46:26.820
interesting to learn how we come to know what

00:46:26.820 --> 00:46:30.280
we don't know. And so it's an exploration of

00:46:30.280 --> 00:46:32.480
our ignorance. And I'm very proud of it because

00:46:32.480 --> 00:46:34.739
it's not what you'd normally find in a lecture

00:46:34.739 --> 00:46:37.400
series. And it's still out there. But one of

00:46:37.400 --> 00:46:39.119
the things I will tell you in it, and I'll tell

00:46:39.119 --> 00:46:43.690
you now, the electron... has no known dimension.

00:46:45.110 --> 00:46:48.110
It is smaller than the smallest we have ever

00:46:48.110 --> 00:46:50.809
had the capacity to measure. So as far as we

00:46:50.809 --> 00:46:54.070
are concerned, it is infinitely small. We have

00:46:54.070 --> 00:46:57.730
no way to even know how to measure. By the way,

00:46:57.750 --> 00:46:59.489
how do you measure something small? You get something

00:46:59.489 --> 00:47:01.869
smaller and find out how many of those it is.

00:47:06.559 --> 00:47:10.079
Oh, my head. My stupid head. No, think about

00:47:10.079 --> 00:47:13.440
the challenges at each extreme. Ask me, how big

00:47:13.440 --> 00:47:16.300
is the universe? And I'll say, it's as big as,

00:47:16.460 --> 00:47:19.619
well, I got nothing. What am I going to say?

00:47:19.840 --> 00:47:21.860
Right? There's nothing as big as the universe.

00:47:22.900 --> 00:47:26.119
So at the biggest end and at the littlest end,

00:47:26.320 --> 00:47:30.320
there's not something else. It doesn't work as

00:47:30.320 --> 00:47:33.719
well, okay, to try to say what it is relative

00:47:33.719 --> 00:47:35.639
to something else. Do you entertain the possibility

00:47:35.639 --> 00:47:37.360
that the biggest end and the littlest end are

00:47:37.360 --> 00:47:40.019
the same thing? Meaning that at the smallest

00:47:40.019 --> 00:47:42.960
measurable point, that literally might be a whole

00:47:42.960 --> 00:47:45.619
other universe? That might be fractal? It's fun

00:47:45.619 --> 00:47:49.289
to think about. You mean all the way down? Yeah.

00:47:49.349 --> 00:47:51.389
It's fun to think about. Like infinitely down.

00:47:51.650 --> 00:47:54.690
However, and people, by the way, in the 1920s

00:47:54.690 --> 00:47:57.269
when we discovered the atom and its structure

00:47:57.269 --> 00:48:00.389
and that there's an electron. quote, orbit around

00:48:00.389 --> 00:48:02.530
a nucleus. And we said, wait, we've been there

00:48:02.530 --> 00:48:05.150
before. We've got planets orbiting the sun. And

00:48:05.150 --> 00:48:09.650
so maybe it's a mini solar system. Maybe it's

00:48:09.650 --> 00:48:12.289
solar systems all the way down. Well, I'm glad

00:48:12.289 --> 00:48:13.829
you brought this up. I'm glad we brought this

00:48:13.829 --> 00:48:15.690
up because I wanted to bring this question that

00:48:15.690 --> 00:48:18.510
I almost forgot. There's a photograph of a brain

00:48:18.510 --> 00:48:21.789
cell and side by side with a photograph of the

00:48:21.789 --> 00:48:24.010
known universe, and they look eerily similar.

00:48:24.210 --> 00:48:25.530
So you're talking about the large -scale structure

00:48:25.530 --> 00:48:28.210
of the universe where there's something of galaxies.

00:48:28.429 --> 00:48:30.070
I'll get to that in a minute. Pull that up, Jamie.

00:48:30.230 --> 00:48:34.230
Okay. So I'll get to that. So do you ever tell

00:48:34.230 --> 00:48:38.010
him just pull up his own damn images? Yeah, but

00:48:38.010 --> 00:48:40.469
I can't put it on the TV. So he has to do it.

00:48:41.190 --> 00:48:48.989
So here's why that's not likely. Okay. It was

00:48:48.989 --> 00:48:50.670
an entertained idea, but here's why it's not

00:48:50.670 --> 00:48:54.570
likely. The manifestation of the laws of physics

00:48:54.570 --> 00:48:59.340
are different at the atomic scale. Than they

00:48:59.340 --> 00:49:01.659
are at the macroscopic scale. They're just simply

00:49:01.659 --> 00:49:05.860
different a planet can take any orbit sensible

00:49:05.860 --> 00:49:10.539
for its velocity around a host star an electron

00:49:10.539 --> 00:49:14.719
cannot Its energy levels are predetermined and

00:49:14.719 --> 00:49:19.179
quantized Hence the word quantum the prefix quanta

00:49:19.179 --> 00:49:24.280
in quantum physics so if it was a continuum of

00:49:24.280 --> 00:49:28.070
matter and energy following the same laws of

00:49:28.070 --> 00:49:31.489
physics, then I would say then it's solar systems

00:49:31.489 --> 00:49:35.750
all the way down. But the rules completely change.

00:49:36.409 --> 00:49:40.449
And so things can, on the surface, seem similar.

00:49:40.510 --> 00:49:42.969
But when it comes time to understand them and

00:49:42.969 --> 00:49:45.369
to analyze them and to manipulate them and to

00:49:45.369 --> 00:49:48.150
exploit their conduct and their behavior for

00:49:48.150 --> 00:49:50.349
other means, as we have done with atoms and molecules

00:49:50.349 --> 00:49:55.949
for the entire IT revolution. No longer are they

00:49:55.949 --> 00:49:58.909
the same, and you abandon this romanticized concept.

00:49:59.309 --> 00:50:02.969
So now with the neurons, the network of neurons,

00:50:03.090 --> 00:50:08.469
and the clusters of galaxies and galaxy superclusters,

00:50:08.489 --> 00:50:10.889
that would be on the right, neurons on the left.

00:50:10.909 --> 00:50:15.570
That's so eerie. Yes. So, yeah, they can look

00:50:15.570 --> 00:50:18.090
the same, but they're operating under completely

00:50:18.090 --> 00:50:22.019
different laws of physics. So in other words,

00:50:22.039 --> 00:50:24.280
the laws of physics that dictate what's going

00:50:24.280 --> 00:50:27.239
on in brain cells have no relationship to what's

00:50:27.239 --> 00:50:29.159
going on in the universe. Brain cells, you're

00:50:29.159 --> 00:50:31.480
undergoing, we can tell you what forces are operating.

00:50:31.719 --> 00:50:34.559
It's electromagnetic forces. Brain cells use

00:50:34.559 --> 00:50:37.639
electrical impulses, chemical impulses. This

00:50:37.639 --> 00:50:41.820
is why drugs can affect the brain. There's chemistry

00:50:41.820 --> 00:50:44.079
going on in the brain in its natural state. You

00:50:44.079 --> 00:50:47.079
disrupt that, enhance it. You just put down some

00:50:47.079 --> 00:50:50.119
chemistry in your stomach that's now affecting

00:50:50.119 --> 00:50:52.360
your brain. What did you just drink there? What

00:50:52.360 --> 00:50:55.280
was it? Alpha brain. Alpha brain. Okay. Yeah.

00:50:55.440 --> 00:50:58.599
So you're entering the chemistry. So it's chemistry.

00:50:58.980 --> 00:51:00.599
What's going on on the large scale structure

00:51:00.599 --> 00:51:02.679
of the universe is not chemistry. Right. There's

00:51:02.679 --> 00:51:05.699
some chemistry deep within. But the chemistry

00:51:05.699 --> 00:51:07.699
is not what's making that pattern. And because

00:51:07.699 --> 00:51:12.519
of that, it becomes an artistic curiosity, not

00:51:12.519 --> 00:51:14.460
something that has any kind of deep scientific

00:51:14.460 --> 00:51:17.659
insight. So it's just a fascinating similarity.

00:51:18.320 --> 00:51:20.440
Yes, it's a fascinating similarity. Put them

00:51:20.440 --> 00:51:22.619
up together, and it's fun to think about it.

00:51:22.659 --> 00:51:25.300
But it's fun to think about it artistically,

00:51:25.300 --> 00:51:28.610
but not scientifically, no. It's great if you're

00:51:28.610 --> 00:51:30.530
hanging out with your friends going, wow, man.

00:51:31.329 --> 00:51:33.130
It depends on how high you are. Yeah, exactly.

00:51:33.349 --> 00:51:36.389
But now when you're looking at subatomic particles,

00:51:36.710 --> 00:51:39.050
excuse me, and you're looking at these like when

00:51:39.050 --> 00:51:41.889
they observe particles in superposition, where

00:51:41.889 --> 00:51:44.329
they're moving and stationary at the same time,

00:51:44.329 --> 00:51:46.489
where they blink in and out of existence, like

00:51:46.489 --> 00:51:50.530
when you get down to that. And I repeat the opening

00:51:50.530 --> 00:51:54.579
page of the book. The universe is under no obligation

00:51:54.579 --> 00:51:56.579
to make sense to you. Oh, yeah, for sure. Yeah,

00:51:56.699 --> 00:52:00.079
it doesn't. It definitely doesn't. Yeah, so at

00:52:00.079 --> 00:52:03.059
that scale, things that go on with atoms and

00:52:03.059 --> 00:52:05.139
molecules fall outside of your life experience.

00:52:05.619 --> 00:52:08.659
You don't hang out at the bar. with protons,

00:52:08.820 --> 00:52:13.239
nucleons, or other nucleons or molecules. You

00:52:13.239 --> 00:52:16.920
just don't. So what they do in their day is completely

00:52:16.920 --> 00:52:19.119
foreign to you. So now you shrink down to that

00:52:19.119 --> 00:52:21.699
size, and particles are popping in and out of

00:52:21.699 --> 00:52:26.579
existence. They become conjoined, quantum mechanically

00:52:26.579 --> 00:52:29.500
conjoined, and it's completely weird, and you

00:52:29.500 --> 00:52:31.500
would say none of this makes sense. And this

00:52:31.500 --> 00:52:35.980
is observable in a visual sense? Well, it depends.

00:52:36.079 --> 00:52:37.599
It depends on how big the phenomenon is. Otherwise,

00:52:37.920 --> 00:52:40.380
you can see other things that would happen that

00:52:40.380 --> 00:52:42.380
you know that are the manifestations of that

00:52:42.380 --> 00:52:45.280
happening. Right. Yes. So an electron is smaller

00:52:45.280 --> 00:52:49.059
even than that? Oh, yes. By how many factors?

00:52:49.280 --> 00:52:51.239
No, no. We don't even know. We don't know how

00:52:51.239 --> 00:52:52.780
small an electron is. We've never measured the

00:52:52.780 --> 00:52:54.880
size of an electron. The concept of super string

00:52:54.880 --> 00:52:57.840
theory. So these vibrating strings are smaller

00:52:57.840 --> 00:53:01.960
than that. Yes. The strings would have to be

00:53:01.960 --> 00:53:05.199
smaller, thinner, smaller than the electron itself.

00:53:05.500 --> 00:53:08.639
By many, many. That I couldn't quantify for you.

00:53:08.639 --> 00:53:10.039
I've got to bring in a string theory person.

00:53:10.199 --> 00:53:14.639
So it's like at the bottom of what we can observe.

00:53:14.900 --> 00:53:16.420
Well, that's a great question. What is the bottom?

00:53:16.519 --> 00:53:19.320
And you know the word atom, which was introduced

00:53:19.320 --> 00:53:21.519
by the Greeks. You know what atom means in Greek?

00:53:21.760 --> 00:53:23.380
It has a translation. You know what it means?

00:53:23.519 --> 00:53:26.800
No. Indivisible. Ah. So they imagined that all

00:53:26.800 --> 00:53:30.079
matter was. You'd come down to something that

00:53:30.079 --> 00:53:33.269
was indivisible. How the hell? They figured that

00:53:33.269 --> 00:53:34.630
out. No, they didn't figure it out. They supposed

00:53:34.630 --> 00:53:36.750
it. And it's amazing that they were right. The

00:53:36.750 --> 00:53:38.309
first they were, you know, they're wealthy and

00:53:38.309 --> 00:53:41.030
had free time. And, you know, when they weren't

00:53:41.030 --> 00:53:44.710
waging war, you could think. And, you know, what

00:53:44.710 --> 00:53:48.309
we think of as philosophy is traceable to a lot

00:53:48.309 --> 00:53:50.489
of what they were doing back then. And the origins

00:53:50.489 --> 00:53:53.869
of what science is are traceable to back to back

00:53:53.869 --> 00:53:56.570
then. You have an idea that applies to what the

00:53:56.570 --> 00:53:59.489
universe does that enables you to predict future

00:53:59.489 --> 00:54:03.889
behavior. That is science. So the atom, it turned

00:54:03.889 --> 00:54:08.650
out, is divisible. It's divisible into subatomic,

00:54:08.670 --> 00:54:11.489
subatom particles. So you get electrons, protons,

00:54:11.670 --> 00:54:13.710
neutrons, and a whole host of other particles

00:54:13.710 --> 00:54:16.630
less familiar. There are neutrinos and other

00:54:16.630 --> 00:54:18.949
things. Then it turns out protons and neutrons

00:54:18.949 --> 00:54:22.389
are further divisible. You get quarks out of

00:54:22.389 --> 00:54:25.449
those. And as far as we know, there are only

00:54:25.449 --> 00:54:28.570
four fundamental particles in the universe. The

00:54:28.570 --> 00:54:32.420
photon, which is light. The electron. of which

00:54:32.420 --> 00:54:34.320
there's several species. There's the anti -electron

00:54:34.320 --> 00:54:36.860
and this and that. But just stay simple here.

00:54:36.920 --> 00:54:41.219
The photon, the electron, the quark, and the

00:54:41.219 --> 00:54:44.320
neutrino. That's it. Everything in the universe

00:54:44.320 --> 00:54:46.380
that we've ever observed is made out of that

00:54:46.380 --> 00:54:52.190
stuff. Oof. So those are quote the atoms of the

00:54:52.190 --> 00:54:54.670
universe the indivisible parts if you will now

00:54:54.670 --> 00:54:57.150
This is a dark matter could be made of yet another

00:54:57.150 --> 00:55:00.789
kind of thing that we don't know yet But we got

00:55:00.789 --> 00:55:03.289
top people trying to figure out what dark matter

00:55:03.289 --> 00:55:04.710
is. We've measured it out there. We just don't

00:55:04.710 --> 00:55:06.409
know what it is Well, it's something like 90

00:55:06.409 --> 00:55:08.170
something percent of the universe you add up

00:55:08.170 --> 00:55:11.369
dark matter and dark energy It's 95 % of all

00:55:11.369 --> 00:55:13.329
that drives the universe. And we can measure

00:55:13.329 --> 00:55:16.750
the existence of both, yet we have no idea what's

00:55:16.750 --> 00:55:18.429
driving them. This is an awesome opportunity

00:55:18.429 --> 00:55:21.190
for you to illuminate this often. But it's all

00:55:21.190 --> 00:55:23.929
in Astrophysics for People in a Hurry. It's out

00:55:23.929 --> 00:55:26.889
in May. It comes out in May. You can pre -order

00:55:26.889 --> 00:55:28.550
it, which, by the way, publishers love it if

00:55:28.550 --> 00:55:32.289
you pre -order. Isn't it adorable? Beautiful.

00:55:32.550 --> 00:55:34.829
It's a good size. It's adorable. You can pre

00:55:34.829 --> 00:55:36.409
-order it on Amazon? You know, the reason why

00:55:36.409 --> 00:55:38.389
publishers like you to pre -order it is so that

00:55:38.389 --> 00:55:41.670
they can accurately. They don't want to overprint.

00:55:41.750 --> 00:55:44.269
They don't want to underprint. So they get a

00:55:44.269 --> 00:55:45.949
sense of the pre -ordering. Because you're not

00:55:45.949 --> 00:55:48.230
charged until they ship it. So it's a pretty

00:55:48.230 --> 00:55:50.510
harmless exercise. While we're on this subject

00:55:50.510 --> 00:55:53.530
of subatomic particles and weirdness, I wanted

00:55:53.530 --> 00:55:57.269
to, if you could, illuminate this often misused.

00:55:58.110 --> 00:56:01.489
explanation for the observer effect because you

00:56:01.489 --> 00:56:03.849
know the the particles waves and you watch them

00:56:03.849 --> 00:56:06.150
observe them and it changes the reaction it is

00:56:06.150 --> 00:56:08.610
heavily misunderstood it's misunderstood because

00:56:08.610 --> 00:56:11.349
people want to attribute it to magic the magic

00:56:11.349 --> 00:56:13.969
of the mind the consciousness looking at it but

00:56:13.969 --> 00:56:16.789
isn't it in fact just measuring it yes thank

00:56:16.789 --> 00:56:19.909
you please explain next question no explain to

00:56:19.909 --> 00:56:22.550
people because i'm so tired joe you're good it

00:56:22.550 --> 00:56:24.469
just drives me nuts carry your people with you

00:56:24.909 --> 00:56:28.030
Try. Where are they coming from? Where are you

00:56:28.030 --> 00:56:32.949
pulling? What? What? Where are you getting your

00:56:32.949 --> 00:56:35.309
people? I don't know. Well, I don't own them,

00:56:35.349 --> 00:56:36.510
for sure. You don't own them, okay. So they're

00:56:36.510 --> 00:56:38.489
definitely not my people. They vary greatly.

00:56:38.550 --> 00:56:40.550
You can't even loop them together. I know. You

00:56:40.550 --> 00:56:43.369
have an admirably diverse following, and not

00:56:43.369 --> 00:56:45.409
many people can claim that. And it's probably

00:56:45.409 --> 00:56:48.349
because of your diverse profile, right? Well,

00:56:48.510 --> 00:56:50.409
I'm as open -minded as I can be. But on top of

00:56:50.409 --> 00:56:52.389
that, you're smart, and you read, and you're

00:56:52.389 --> 00:56:55.150
thoughtful, and you're also, on some level, respectful.

00:56:55.150 --> 00:56:58.849
You'll hear somebody out, and you got your MMA

00:56:58.849 --> 00:57:01.360
thing. So, no, you're in a line. lot of places

00:57:01.360 --> 00:57:03.380
and a lot of spaces and that's a good thing i

00:57:03.380 --> 00:57:06.980
mean we need more unity in this world so so well

00:57:06.980 --> 00:57:09.400
thank you yeah thank you so please explain what

00:57:09.400 --> 00:57:11.780
what what people are getting wrong okay so very

00:57:11.780 --> 00:57:13.880
simplistic it's much simpler than you think okay

00:57:13.880 --> 00:57:16.739
all right you ready yes so i'm looking at you

00:57:16.739 --> 00:57:21.460
the only reason why i can see you is because

00:57:21.460 --> 00:57:24.320
there's light reflecting off of your face your

00:57:24.320 --> 00:57:28.599
body into my eyes so there's light Oh, by the

00:57:28.599 --> 00:57:29.719
way, these stars, that's beautiful. Yeah, those

00:57:29.719 --> 00:57:31.920
are Hubble photographs. Oh, my gosh. Yeah, those

00:57:31.920 --> 00:57:33.340
are images from the Hubble. That's why I didn't

00:57:33.340 --> 00:57:34.539
notice that when I walked in. They're sheets

00:57:34.539 --> 00:57:37.400
that you put over the fluorescent light cover.

00:57:37.559 --> 00:57:39.219
Very nice. And so when we look up, we actually

00:57:39.219 --> 00:57:41.480
see the real images from the Hubble. So you're

00:57:41.480 --> 00:57:43.980
pretending it's the night sky. Yeah. Well, it

00:57:43.980 --> 00:57:44.460
doesn't look as cool as it could be. And you're

00:57:44.460 --> 00:57:47.199
not in a completely cavernous recording studio.

00:57:47.260 --> 00:57:49.420
Well, what I want to do in the future studio,

00:57:49.559 --> 00:57:52.440
I want to actually build a glass ceiling and

00:57:52.440 --> 00:57:55.340
have a full -scale image, a high -resolution

00:57:55.340 --> 00:57:57.769
image of the stars. So a planet. Planetarium.

00:57:57.869 --> 00:57:59.889
Yes. You're describing a planetarium. Yeah, exactly.

00:58:00.050 --> 00:58:01.969
Call it that. It's a planetarium. Well, something

00:58:01.969 --> 00:58:05.730
like that. But I just wanted an image. Is there

00:58:05.730 --> 00:58:07.329
a way to do it? Tell me how to do it. I'll do

00:58:07.329 --> 00:58:10.469
it. No, do better than that. You get a curved

00:58:10.469 --> 00:58:13.309
version of those very high -resolution LED screens.

00:58:13.530 --> 00:58:15.610
Curved. Yeah. And then you put any image up there

00:58:15.610 --> 00:58:18.349
you want. And then there's the night sky tonight.

00:58:18.829 --> 00:58:22.130
It's what the sky looks like from Alpha Centauri.

00:58:22.230 --> 00:58:24.190
Oh, so like when you go to see one of those star

00:58:24.190 --> 00:58:26.670
shows at a planetarium and they show it on the

00:58:26.670 --> 00:58:29.030
ceiling above you. Well, yes, but nowadays the

00:58:29.030 --> 00:58:32.929
ceiling itself is the source of light. It's not

00:58:32.929 --> 00:58:35.190
projected from something else. So then you just

00:58:35.190 --> 00:58:37.949
feed that with image data and then it becomes

00:58:37.949 --> 00:58:39.510
whatever you want. Can you hook me up with someone

00:58:39.510 --> 00:58:40.769
who knows how to do that? Yeah, I could totally.

00:58:41.820 --> 00:58:43.420
I'm excited. Yeah. I don't know. You don't know

00:58:43.420 --> 00:58:45.139
people. I got people. I mean, people that like

00:58:45.139 --> 00:58:47.019
planetariums. You need my people for something?

00:58:47.179 --> 00:58:48.719
Well, you know the real people. I thought you

00:58:48.719 --> 00:58:51.079
had people. You know the people at the top that

00:58:51.079 --> 00:58:54.159
would teach the people. So we'll get to that.

00:58:54.199 --> 00:58:56.300
I'm looking at you. Okay. All right. Yes. And

00:58:56.300 --> 00:59:01.360
I see you. I want to know where you are. So I

00:59:01.360 --> 00:59:03.099
turn on the lights and I say, there you are.

00:59:03.179 --> 00:59:07.340
All right. Now, let's make you tinier. Let's

00:59:07.340 --> 00:59:10.550
make you mini me. Okay. Like in the movie. Right.

00:59:10.789 --> 00:59:13.070
So now there's a tiny version of you, a mini

00:59:13.070 --> 00:59:15.750
me version of Joe Rogan. Now you're little. I

00:59:15.750 --> 00:59:18.050
turn on the lights. You're still there. Okay.

00:59:18.329 --> 00:59:21.190
Okay. Because if the lights are not on, I can't

00:59:21.190 --> 00:59:23.570
see you. I don't know where you are. Right. It's

00:59:23.570 --> 00:59:28.289
that simple. Okay. Okay. When you start becoming

00:59:28.289 --> 00:59:34.269
the size of molecules, right on down to the size

00:59:34.269 --> 00:59:38.309
of an atom. And I ask the question. Where is

00:59:38.309 --> 00:59:42.110
Joe Rogan, the atom? And I turn on the light

00:59:42.110 --> 00:59:46.329
to see you there because I think you're there.

00:59:46.610 --> 00:59:50.329
The light, the photon comes in, hits your atom

00:59:50.329 --> 00:59:56.550
and pops you into another location. The very

00:59:56.550 --> 01:00:00.429
act of trying to measure your position. prevents

01:00:00.429 --> 01:00:03.110
me from measuring your position and as have jack

01:00:03.110 --> 01:00:06.070
shit to do with your consciousness or your mind

01:00:06.070 --> 01:00:09.969
or your eyes or Anything it has to do with the

01:00:09.969 --> 01:00:12.929
fact that to know you're there some information

01:00:12.929 --> 01:00:16.590
has to come from you to me like shining a light

01:00:16.590 --> 01:00:19.650
on you and the smaller you are the more susceptible

01:00:19.650 --> 01:00:24.969
you are to the the energy of the light changing

01:00:24.969 --> 01:00:29.039
your position In space. So my question is, how

01:00:29.039 --> 01:00:31.579
do they know? You know what it's like? I don't

01:00:31.579 --> 01:00:34.139
know if this has still happened. A quarter spills

01:00:34.139 --> 01:00:36.119
out of your pants pocket in the backseat of a

01:00:36.119 --> 01:00:39.219
car and is there in the wedge between the bottom

01:00:39.219 --> 01:00:41.400
and the backseat. And so you try to reach in

01:00:41.400 --> 01:00:44.900
to get it. And the act of reaching for the coin

01:00:44.900 --> 01:00:47.679
makes the coin move farther away from you. Ah.

01:00:48.440 --> 01:00:50.599
The act of reaching for it. Right, because you

01:00:50.599 --> 01:00:52.059
separate the cushions. You separate it and it

01:00:52.059 --> 01:00:54.719
just slides down even further. That's not your

01:00:54.719 --> 01:00:57.239
mind making that happen. It's the it's the act

01:00:57.239 --> 01:01:00.460
of the measurement that is affecting what it

01:01:00.460 --> 01:01:02.659
is you're trying to measure. And this was discovered

01:01:02.659 --> 01:01:04.760
in quantum physics to the point where that's

01:01:04.760 --> 01:01:06.400
actually, it's a Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

01:01:06.599 --> 01:01:09.239
It's one of the basic foundations of all of quantum

01:01:09.239 --> 01:01:12.800
physics. And it's profound. But when it's described

01:01:12.800 --> 01:01:16.420
in the woo -woo way, they show these particles

01:01:16.420 --> 01:01:19.099
going through these slots and then observing

01:01:19.099 --> 01:01:21.800
them changes the pattern that they go through

01:01:21.800 --> 01:01:26.559
with. And there's a horrible cartoon that you

01:01:26.559 --> 01:01:30.670
see in that movie, What in the Bleep? I couldn't

01:01:30.670 --> 01:01:32.730
get through that movie. I tried. Did you go crazy

01:01:32.730 --> 01:01:34.889
with the bad science? No, can I tell you where

01:01:34.889 --> 01:01:38.070
I turned? Please. Well, here's what people don't

01:01:38.070 --> 01:01:41.510
know. A lot of that is from a cult. That I didn't

01:01:41.510 --> 01:01:44.349
know. The woman who is the main woman. I don't

01:01:44.349 --> 01:01:47.269
mind a cult movie. She's a channeler. She's speaking

01:01:47.269 --> 01:01:51.809
as a character. Do you know that one blonde woman,

01:01:51.869 --> 01:01:53.469
older blonde woman that's in that movie? Yeah,

01:01:53.489 --> 01:01:56.510
okay. When she speaks, she's speaking as a character.

01:01:56.510 --> 01:01:59.550
Okay, I didn't know that. She's a part of this

01:01:59.550 --> 01:02:02.960
very bizarre... sort of cult okay and should

01:02:02.960 --> 01:02:04.239
i tell you where i tuned it out or you want to

01:02:04.239 --> 01:02:08.159
finish okay so i tried to i just couldn't watch

01:02:08.159 --> 01:02:10.260
it right there's a point where they were talking

01:02:10.260 --> 01:02:15.199
about uh natives in the caribbean seeing european

01:02:15.199 --> 01:02:17.599
ships yes and then they said well because they'd

01:02:17.599 --> 01:02:22.900
never seen a ship before the brain didn't register

01:02:22.900 --> 01:02:24.739
it as anything, and then it just disappeared.

01:02:24.920 --> 01:02:27.139
Bullshit. And I'm thinking, no, that's not how

01:02:27.139 --> 01:02:29.780
the brain works. Excuse me, that's not how this

01:02:29.780 --> 01:02:32.320
works, okay? What would happen? They might not

01:02:32.320 --> 01:02:34.119
know what they're looking at, but they'll know

01:02:34.119 --> 01:02:35.820
they're looking at something. And they've had

01:02:35.820 --> 01:02:38.980
ships. They went from island to island. That's

01:02:38.980 --> 01:02:40.480
how you get from island to island. They say,

01:02:40.539 --> 01:02:42.920
well, that's a really big version of what we're

01:02:42.920 --> 01:02:44.480
doing. We've never seen anything that big before.

01:02:44.559 --> 01:02:46.300
I don't know what it is. I don't know where it

01:02:46.300 --> 01:02:48.559
came from, but I want to find out. I want to

01:02:48.559 --> 01:02:51.119
study it. to protect myself whatever so just

01:02:51.119 --> 01:02:52.719
because you've never said doesn't mean you're

01:02:52.719 --> 01:02:55.400
not going to register it excuse me no exactly

01:02:55.400 --> 01:02:58.360
no then i said no what i can't waste my i got

01:02:58.360 --> 01:03:00.079
other things i got to devote my brain energy

01:03:00.079 --> 01:03:02.760
to instead of instead of this but someone else

01:03:02.760 --> 01:03:04.739
said oh it gets better later on so i said maybe

01:03:04.739 --> 01:03:07.719
i'll one day oh no it doesn't it does not it

01:03:07.719 --> 01:03:10.800
gets more confusing later on and it it it does

01:03:10.800 --> 01:03:14.659
a better job of confusing you as to what science

01:03:14.659 --> 01:03:16.739
has shown and what they haven't shown now by

01:03:16.739 --> 01:03:19.510
the way Just in all fairness to what I think

01:03:19.510 --> 01:03:22.510
the point they were trying to make, there are

01:03:22.510 --> 01:03:25.030
things that if you don't know to recognize them,

01:03:25.269 --> 01:03:29.829
they would go undiscovered. Yes. Okay? But that

01:03:29.829 --> 01:03:32.809
doesn't mean you wouldn't see them. Okay? So,

01:03:32.889 --> 01:03:35.849
for example, let's say you're walking and you

01:03:35.849 --> 01:03:38.989
didn't know that you were walking over this huge

01:03:38.989 --> 01:03:42.090
burial mound. Because the slope was really shallow.

01:03:42.269 --> 01:03:45.989
And you're just walking. Okay? Well, you didn't

01:03:45.989 --> 01:03:49.929
notice that. Okay? So you need a different way

01:03:49.929 --> 01:03:52.829
to see it in order to know. So from space, from

01:03:52.829 --> 01:03:55.150
an angle, measure the height, whatever. So there

01:03:55.150 --> 01:03:58.349
are ways to miss things. And that happens all

01:03:58.349 --> 01:04:01.190
the time. Right. But if it's something there

01:04:01.190 --> 01:04:06.190
on the horizon, my gosh. This is why we have

01:04:06.190 --> 01:04:09.389
eyes. Okay? Now, they're not the best data -taking

01:04:09.389 --> 01:04:11.409
devices, but if it comes time to tell you whether

01:04:11.409 --> 01:04:13.250
there's a ship or not a ship that you've never

01:04:13.250 --> 01:04:16.050
seen before, it's a ship. Of course. Okay? Of

01:04:16.050 --> 01:04:18.409
course. I mean, there's so much evidence of that

01:04:18.409 --> 01:04:20.670
when people discover new animals. Yes. New anything.

01:04:20.670 --> 01:04:21.630
They've never seen anything before. Anything.

01:04:21.769 --> 01:04:24.110
New anything. There's no record of it whatsoever.

01:04:24.190 --> 01:04:25.849
People find it and they can still see it. Most

01:04:25.849 --> 01:04:27.650
scientific discoveries, you discover something

01:04:27.650 --> 01:04:30.250
we've never seen before. Ramtha. That was the

01:04:30.250 --> 01:04:33.030
woman's name. That was the person that she was

01:04:33.030 --> 01:04:34.760
channeling. That's a cool channel. Cool channeling

01:04:34.760 --> 01:04:36.000
name. Yeah. You have to have a channeling name.

01:04:36.260 --> 01:04:38.920
If I were a channeler, I'd be Ramtho. I found

01:04:38.920 --> 01:04:43.460
that after the movie was done, after I watched

01:04:43.460 --> 01:04:46.159
it. They got me with a lot of things. I was like,

01:04:46.219 --> 01:04:47.880
wow, is that true? Is that real? And then I started

01:04:47.880 --> 01:04:50.380
reading. Fortunately, that movie came out in

01:04:50.380 --> 01:04:53.139
the 2000s instead of in the 90s. Because if it

01:04:53.139 --> 01:04:54.980
came out in the 90s, we would all got duped.

01:04:54.980 --> 01:04:56.380
Oh, yeah. Because we wouldn't have the internet.

01:04:56.500 --> 01:04:58.000
We wouldn't be able to research all the shit

01:04:58.000 --> 01:05:00.039
that's wrong with it. But in the 2000s, I started

01:05:00.039 --> 01:05:01.699
researching it. And then I would send it to my

01:05:01.699 --> 01:05:04.000
friends. Like, look at the fuck. this came from

01:05:04.000 --> 01:05:06.760
and then and then you go oh that's a cult yeah

01:05:06.760 --> 01:05:09.099
it's a cult the lady's a cult she's a she's talking

01:05:09.099 --> 01:05:11.280
like she's an alien she's supposed to be an alien

01:05:11.280 --> 01:05:13.840
right isn't that Do you see it in there anywhere?

01:05:13.920 --> 01:05:16.360
Again, I don't mind if people think they're channelers.

01:05:16.360 --> 01:05:17.780
I just don't put them in charge of anything.

01:05:17.940 --> 01:05:21.760
That's all. Well, it's not that I mind. It's

01:05:21.760 --> 01:05:24.199
just that you should probably say that when you

01:05:24.199 --> 01:05:26.219
get going with that thing in the beginning. Oh,

01:05:26.219 --> 01:05:27.619
in advance. Yeah, so I know exactly what I'm

01:05:27.619 --> 01:05:28.119
getting involved with. She's not going to say

01:05:28.119 --> 01:05:30.079
this is a cult. Nobody's ever said that. She

01:05:30.079 --> 01:05:31.559
just calls herself Rampa. They think it's real

01:05:31.559 --> 01:05:33.820
and genuine, and they're very sincere because

01:05:33.820 --> 01:05:36.360
they've duped themselves. Well, that whole thing

01:05:36.360 --> 01:05:37.920
was just... So what you need is... You know what

01:05:37.920 --> 01:05:41.760
you need? is some foundation of science literacy

01:05:41.760 --> 01:05:45.719
so that you can inoculate yourself against those

01:05:45.719 --> 01:05:49.619
who would exploit your absence of knowledge of

01:05:49.619 --> 01:05:52.280
how the science works for their own gain. Well,

01:05:52.300 --> 01:05:54.639
not even for their own gain, just YouTube videos.

01:05:54.780 --> 01:05:56.380
I mean, someone could make a very compelling

01:05:56.380 --> 01:05:58.760
YouTube video where they get you convinced that,

01:05:58.780 --> 01:06:01.179
oh, my God, dinosaurs aren't real. They start

01:06:01.179 --> 01:06:03.559
playing these things for you. They tell you about

01:06:03.559 --> 01:06:06.679
them. Or cell phones can pop popcorn. You ever

01:06:06.679 --> 01:06:08.119
see that one? Oh, I have seen that one, yeah.

01:06:08.280 --> 01:06:09.699
Yeah, you line up some stuff and then it starts

01:06:09.699 --> 01:06:12.059
popping. Yeah, you got to like direct them at

01:06:12.059 --> 01:06:13.800
the kernels. That was a fun one, yeah. That can't

01:06:13.800 --> 01:06:15.099
really happen. No, of course not. No, of course

01:06:15.099 --> 01:06:16.940
not. Can you imagine if it could? Jesus Christ.

01:06:17.199 --> 01:06:18.440
We'd be like, what are we doing with these phones?

01:06:19.239 --> 01:06:21.800
But there's a ton of those out there where people,

01:06:22.019 --> 01:06:25.219
see, it's one of the problems with a lack of

01:06:25.219 --> 01:06:28.380
dialogue, with someone who just has one narrative.

01:06:28.619 --> 01:06:30.780
Like you sit down, you edit something, and you

01:06:30.780 --> 01:06:34.139
just talk. It's very similar to like, even if

01:06:34.139 --> 01:06:35.909
you write a blog, I mean, it's one thing if you're

01:06:35.909 --> 01:06:37.449
writing a blog, like, say, if you're an expert

01:06:37.449 --> 01:06:39.989
in electronics, you write a blog about how a

01:06:39.989 --> 01:06:42.110
television works. But if you're just a person

01:06:42.110 --> 01:06:44.429
and you don't really understand what you're talking

01:06:44.429 --> 01:06:46.369
about, but you write something and use the right

01:06:46.369 --> 01:06:48.789
words and you say it in a very compelling way,

01:06:48.929 --> 01:06:51.170
like an attack piece on someone that really has

01:06:51.170 --> 01:06:53.510
no basis in reality, you can have someone convinced

01:06:53.510 --> 01:06:56.210
this person's a terrible person just by writing

01:06:56.210 --> 01:06:58.469
something without them having to respond. Like,

01:06:58.469 --> 01:07:00.329
hold up. Stop. Never did that. I tweeted a few

01:07:00.329 --> 01:07:02.530
weeks ago. I tweeted a few weeks ago. I'm not

01:07:02.530 --> 01:07:04.929
going to botch it because it's. It's way better

01:07:04.929 --> 01:07:06.949
as the tweet than I will ever remember it as

01:07:06.949 --> 01:07:10.690
the tweet. So it was one of the great challenges

01:07:10.690 --> 01:07:15.570
in life is knowing enough to think you're right,

01:07:15.630 --> 01:07:21.019
but not enough to know you're wrong. Yeah. Well,

01:07:21.059 --> 01:07:22.340
that is a big problem with a lot of people that

01:07:22.340 --> 01:07:23.559
watch these YouTube videos, right? That's what

01:07:23.559 --> 01:07:25.559
it is. They say, oh, this is right. Oh, my gosh.

01:07:25.599 --> 01:07:27.599
But they don't know enough to know why it's wrong.

01:07:27.760 --> 01:07:28.800
Well, this is what I want to talk to you about.

01:07:28.840 --> 01:07:32.360
What is it about people that there's this very

01:07:32.360 --> 01:07:36.880
compelling need to find something out that other

01:07:36.880 --> 01:07:39.659
people don't know, like the world is flat, like

01:07:39.659 --> 01:07:42.099
dinosaurs aren't real? Like that kind of stuff

01:07:42.099 --> 01:07:45.019
is very compelling to people. So what I do in

01:07:45.019 --> 01:07:48.400
those cases in the – Bigfoot. Yeah. So what I

01:07:48.400 --> 01:07:52.409
do is I would say – Instead of debating them,

01:07:52.489 --> 01:07:55.010
and some of your listeners are listening to this

01:07:55.010 --> 01:07:58.329
right now, all I would do is say, what is your

01:07:58.329 --> 01:08:04.070
best single bit of evidence for what you're claiming?

01:08:05.710 --> 01:08:09.650
And what would it take to show that you're wrong?

01:08:11.369 --> 01:08:12.949
All right, well, let's go with a simple one.

01:08:13.070 --> 01:08:16.710
So that's what I would ask. I've done this exercise,

01:08:17.010 --> 01:08:19.909
and it doesn't work. You know why? Why? Because

01:08:19.909 --> 01:08:21.329
there was a guy who didn't believe we went to

01:08:21.329 --> 01:08:23.489
the moon. We spent a third of our time in our

01:08:23.489 --> 01:08:27.010
last session there. Someone I know who doesn't

01:08:27.010 --> 01:08:28.829
believe we went to the moon. Let me just say

01:08:28.829 --> 01:08:31.970
he's skeptical. So I said, what kind of evidence

01:08:31.970 --> 01:08:36.409
would convince you? He said, images of the landing

01:08:36.409 --> 01:08:39.909
site of the Apollo missions. So I said, okay.

01:08:41.329 --> 01:08:44.430
Here's a website where we sent... in fact, it

01:08:44.430 --> 01:08:45.689
wasn't us, it was the Chinese, I think it was

01:08:45.689 --> 01:08:49.449
the Chinese or Europeans, sent a probe, an orbiter

01:08:49.449 --> 01:08:52.310
to the moon so that it was close enough, because

01:08:52.310 --> 01:08:54.989
ground -based telescopes are not, they don't

01:08:54.989 --> 01:08:56.689
have the resolution to see the landing sites.

01:08:56.850 --> 01:08:58.210
But if you get close enough to the moon, you

01:08:58.210 --> 01:09:00.970
can. It photographed the entire surface of the

01:09:00.970 --> 01:09:02.949
moon, and there were the landing sites, and you

01:09:02.949 --> 01:09:07.470
saw the rover tracks and the base for the lunar

01:09:07.470 --> 01:09:10.770
module. And so that night, he went home and found

01:09:10.770 --> 01:09:14.279
it. And then he came back and says, Well, NASA

01:09:14.279 --> 01:09:17.060
could have faked that. Well, I'm done with you.

01:09:17.100 --> 01:09:21.060
We have no more to talk about. Because he's not

01:09:21.060 --> 01:09:23.600
ready to be convinced. Well, that's a weird one.

01:09:23.600 --> 01:09:26.220
Because I gave him the evidence he asked for.

01:09:26.319 --> 01:09:28.760
Exact evidence. That would convince him, and

01:09:28.760 --> 01:09:31.159
it did not convince him. That's a singular event.

01:09:31.300 --> 01:09:34.739
I have no other conversation with him. That's

01:09:34.739 --> 01:09:37.779
a singular event, which you could say in one

01:09:37.779 --> 01:09:40.079
way or another. It is possible that someone could

01:09:40.079 --> 01:09:41.960
fake a singular event. They can't fake whether

01:09:41.960 --> 01:09:45.039
or not the world's flat. Right? Like that, to

01:09:45.039 --> 01:09:47.159
me, is the scariest one. That there's so many

01:09:47.159 --> 01:09:48.920
people out there that believe the world is flat.

01:09:49.239 --> 01:09:52.340
Because you could literally see the curvature

01:09:52.340 --> 01:09:55.140
of the Earth from a plane. I mean, you can get

01:09:55.140 --> 01:09:57.600
to parts of the, you look at the images from

01:09:57.600 --> 01:09:59.239
the space station where they circle the moon.

01:09:59.420 --> 01:10:01.880
Or they circle the Earth, rather. I mean, there's

01:10:01.880 --> 01:10:05.000
many, many satellite images of the Earth in its

01:10:05.000 --> 01:10:07.739
entirety. And one of the things that the argument

01:10:07.739 --> 01:10:10.479
was, is how come every photograph of the Earth

01:10:10.479 --> 01:10:13.279
is a compilation of photographs? Well, because

01:10:13.279 --> 01:10:15.619
they're all taken from 300 miles up, the Earth

01:10:15.619 --> 01:10:17.840
is huge. Yeah, hers is way bigger than 300 miles.

01:10:17.979 --> 01:10:20.479
Yeah, you have to take compilations. You have

01:10:20.479 --> 01:10:21.880
to. That's the only way to get images of the

01:10:21.880 --> 01:10:23.359
Earth. Well, except for the Apollo photo. The

01:10:23.359 --> 01:10:26.359
Apollo 17 coming back has the Earth. That's the

01:10:26.359 --> 01:10:28.239
famous one that has Africa and Antarctica in

01:10:28.239 --> 01:10:30.979
view. It's the full Earth. Very few full Earths.

01:10:31.100 --> 01:10:33.760
It's very hard to get a full Earth single photo.

01:10:33.899 --> 01:10:36.920
Of course. And when we went to the moon, the

01:10:36.920 --> 01:10:39.199
moon missions, when they're coming back, think

01:10:39.199 --> 01:10:43.579
about it. To get full Earth. means the sun is

01:10:43.579 --> 01:10:45.979
behind the astronauts on the way back to Earth,

01:10:46.100 --> 01:10:47.979
which means the side of the moon facing Earth

01:10:47.979 --> 01:10:51.260
is not lit. But that's the side of the moon they

01:10:51.260 --> 01:10:53.960
came from. So they want to visit the moon while

01:10:53.960 --> 01:10:56.020
it's sunlight there. They don't want to need

01:10:56.020 --> 01:10:58.140
flashlights when they get to the moon. So they

01:10:58.140 --> 01:11:00.460
visit the moon while there's sunlight. Earth,

01:11:00.680 --> 01:11:03.420
the view of Earth at that time will not be full.

01:11:04.279 --> 01:11:08.420
So Apollo 17 was there long enough so that by

01:11:08.420 --> 01:11:12.399
the time they left, The moon was basically a

01:11:12.399 --> 01:11:15.000
new moon. Earth was full moon. Earth was full

01:11:15.000 --> 01:11:16.439
Earth. And then they got a full Earth photo.

01:11:16.560 --> 01:11:18.420
Those packs that they have on their back that

01:11:18.420 --> 01:11:20.220
regulate the temperature that allows them to

01:11:20.220 --> 01:11:22.199
walk on the surface of the moon when it's 250

01:11:22.199 --> 01:11:23.859
degrees above zero? Well, the side that's facing

01:11:23.859 --> 01:11:25.739
the sun is more than 200 degrees. And in the

01:11:25.739 --> 01:11:28.039
shadow, it drops. 250 degrees below, right? Below,

01:11:28.039 --> 01:11:30.460
yeah, yeah, yeah. So can it switch back and forth

01:11:30.460 --> 01:11:32.039
between those two environments? What you need?

01:11:32.100 --> 01:11:34.880
No, you just insulate. The astronauts insulated.

01:11:34.899 --> 01:11:36.899
And so when you're insulated, those temperature

01:11:36.899 --> 01:11:39.699
extremes are not felt. They're minimized. And

01:11:39.699 --> 01:11:42.899
it's regulated by the pack. Oh, yeah. So it's

01:11:42.899 --> 01:11:44.880
a life support. The pack goes warm or cool. It

01:11:44.880 --> 01:11:48.439
maintains the temperature. But it's capable,

01:11:48.640 --> 01:11:50.819
obviously, of warming and cooling. In the face

01:11:50.819 --> 01:11:53.010
of what's going on. It maintains the temperature.

01:11:53.069 --> 01:11:54.630
That's how you need to think about it. Okay,

01:11:54.649 --> 01:11:56.850
so regardless of what - It's not that it's cooling

01:11:56.850 --> 01:11:59.890
one side of you and heating the other side. Right.

01:11:59.970 --> 01:12:02.529
It's maintaining a temperature for you. And when

01:12:02.529 --> 01:12:04.949
you are in space, like say when they're doing

01:12:04.949 --> 01:12:06.670
a space walk on the space station, same thing.

01:12:06.670 --> 01:12:07.890
Same thing as being on the surface of the moon.

01:12:08.029 --> 01:12:09.890
Because there's no atmosphere. On Earth, you

01:12:09.890 --> 01:12:14.970
are in this cocoon, dare I say, of atmosphere.

01:12:15.869 --> 01:12:19.390
So all the air in this room is the same temperature.

01:12:20.539 --> 01:12:24.979
Because the air can communicate a difference

01:12:24.979 --> 01:12:27.819
in temperature to itself, equilibrating it across

01:12:27.819 --> 01:12:31.460
the whole room. If you don't have air, then your

01:12:31.460 --> 01:12:33.720
temperature is measured by where's the energy

01:12:33.720 --> 01:12:36.100
coming from that's hitting you. And if the sun

01:12:36.100 --> 01:12:38.680
is hitting you, all that energy will be raising

01:12:38.680 --> 01:12:40.359
your temperature and the side of you that's not

01:12:40.359 --> 01:12:43.180
facing photons, that temperature will drop. So

01:12:43.180 --> 01:12:45.970
you could survive it if you... Put yourself on

01:12:45.970 --> 01:12:49.090
a rotisserie. Figure out the right rotation rate.

01:12:49.229 --> 01:12:51.649
And even then, you'd have to spin pretty quick

01:12:51.649 --> 01:12:52.810
in order to bounce it all out. I have to calculate

01:12:52.810 --> 01:12:54.630
that. Yeah, you have to figure out what the right

01:12:54.630 --> 01:12:57.550
rate is. Now, when you get in a debate with a

01:12:57.550 --> 01:13:00.029
guy like that, a B .O .B. guy. I don't debate

01:13:00.029 --> 01:13:01.750
people. Okay. Well, when you discuss, educate.

01:13:01.750 --> 01:13:03.329
Because as the saying goes, when an argument

01:13:03.329 --> 01:13:05.670
lasts more than five minutes, both sides are

01:13:05.670 --> 01:13:08.859
wrong. Well, that's a terrible saying. It's definitely

01:13:08.859 --> 01:13:10.939
someone wrong and the other person's stubborn.

01:13:11.100 --> 01:13:14.420
It could definitely last for hours. That's not

01:13:14.420 --> 01:13:17.420
true at all. It's true 80 % of the time. Oh,

01:13:17.439 --> 01:13:20.619
okay. Yeah. But you got into it with that rapper

01:13:20.619 --> 01:13:22.640
that thinks that the - I'll tell you why, B .O

01:13:22.640 --> 01:13:26.840
.B., because in his Twitter stream, he was saying

01:13:26.840 --> 01:13:30.939
he was invoking physics. And so I got to deal

01:13:30.939 --> 01:13:33.060
with this. Right. And so he showed a picture

01:13:33.060 --> 01:13:35.920
from Bear Mountain, which is a mountain in slightly

01:13:35.920 --> 01:13:39.619
upstate New York, where Manhattan is in the sight

01:13:39.619 --> 01:13:43.039
line of the summit of this mountain. And he says,

01:13:43.180 --> 01:13:45.279
given the curvature of the earth and this formula,

01:13:45.479 --> 01:13:47.680
you should not be able to see Manhattan at all.

01:13:48.420 --> 01:13:53.369
Okay. It depends on the height that you're viewing

01:13:53.369 --> 01:13:56.710
from. Well, thank you. So you do the math, and

01:13:56.710 --> 01:13:59.930
it turns out Manhattan, the island, would not

01:13:59.930 --> 01:14:03.810
be visible at all. That's true. But any building

01:14:03.810 --> 01:14:07.310
taller than 15 stories would rise up above the

01:14:07.310 --> 01:14:08.609
curvature of the earth, and you will see it.

01:14:08.750 --> 01:14:11.329
And if you look at the photo, you see the tall

01:14:11.329 --> 01:14:14.550
buildings rising above 15 stories. It's exactly

01:14:14.550 --> 01:14:17.949
what... The correct formula shows. And not his

01:14:17.949 --> 01:14:20.710
formula, which was wrong and misinterpreted,

01:14:20.710 --> 01:14:23.470
claims to show. Well, it's just bizarre because

01:14:23.470 --> 01:14:27.390
snipers have been using the literal curve of

01:14:27.390 --> 01:14:31.250
the earth to plan where bullets go. That's how

01:14:31.250 --> 01:14:33.930
you plot out. You have to when you shoot at a

01:14:33.930 --> 01:14:37.130
mile. When you're shooting well out over 1 ,000

01:14:37.130 --> 01:14:39.949
yards, those factors. So let me think. A mile,

01:14:40.149 --> 01:14:42.630
I have to ask, how much curvature of the earth

01:14:42.630 --> 01:14:44.489
do you get? After a mile, it's an interesting

01:14:44.489 --> 01:14:46.390
question. Well, you also get drop. You get drop

01:14:46.390 --> 01:14:48.229
and curvature. That would be gravity drop. Yes.

01:14:48.409 --> 01:14:50.350
And then curve. Yeah, so both of those. Yeah.

01:14:50.409 --> 01:14:54.069
Well, here's a thing to say to someone. If you

01:14:54.069 --> 01:14:57.090
have a bullet in your hand and you shoot a gun,

01:14:57.270 --> 01:15:01.359
which bullet drops faster? Right. Yeah, generally

01:15:01.359 --> 01:15:02.939
they get the wrong answer to that. Yeah, drop

01:15:02.939 --> 01:15:04.760
at the exact same rate. They'll hit the ground

01:15:04.760 --> 01:15:07.119
at the same time. Exact same time. And that blows

01:15:07.119 --> 01:15:09.060
people's minds. They can't believe that's a fact.

01:15:09.060 --> 01:15:13.319
But you do that in Physics 101. It's a physics

01:15:13.319 --> 01:15:16.180
demo. So that's why physics is so important.

01:15:16.460 --> 01:15:18.020
People say, oh, let's take biology and this.

01:15:18.079 --> 01:15:20.319
Great, but don't leave out the physics because

01:15:20.319 --> 01:15:22.699
that's where the fundamental operations of nature

01:15:22.699 --> 01:15:25.340
are to be found, of the physical universe are

01:15:25.340 --> 01:15:28.180
to be found. So what you have is you have a gun

01:15:28.180 --> 01:15:31.159
at one side. It's like a thing that shoots out

01:15:31.159 --> 01:15:32.439
a projectile. I don't want to call it a gun.

01:15:32.520 --> 01:15:35.300
At one side of the stage. And then you have like

01:15:35.300 --> 01:15:36.680
a little stuffed animal at the other side of

01:15:36.680 --> 01:15:39.399
the stage held up with an electromagnet at the

01:15:39.399 --> 01:15:41.920
top of its head. And these two are exactly the

01:15:41.920 --> 01:15:44.779
same level. As the projectile comes out from

01:15:44.779 --> 01:15:48.479
this mini cannon, it trips an electric circuit

01:15:48.479 --> 01:15:51.479
that releases the electromagnet at the top of

01:15:51.479 --> 01:15:53.720
the stuffed animal. The stuffed animal begins

01:15:53.720 --> 01:15:57.020
to fall. The bullet moves horizontally but also

01:15:57.020 --> 01:15:59.569
falls because gravity. is pulling them both.

01:16:00.210 --> 01:16:03.250
And you watch the projectile curve down, you

01:16:03.250 --> 01:16:05.229
watch the stuffed animal curve down, and it hits

01:16:05.229 --> 01:16:08.550
the stuffed animal every single time. The only

01:16:08.550 --> 01:16:10.649
factor that would change that would be if you

01:16:10.649 --> 01:16:12.470
put wings on the bullet and it was dealing with

01:16:12.470 --> 01:16:16.569
the wind. Right? Yeah, wind would affect it.

01:16:16.710 --> 01:16:19.090
Do they have bullets with wings? I haven't seen

01:16:19.090 --> 01:16:21.270
that. No, they don't. Okay. No, but if they did.

01:16:21.449 --> 01:16:24.119
Yeah. If you shot the bullet and then they figured

01:16:24.119 --> 01:16:26.859
out, clink, and the wings came out. I saw that

01:16:26.859 --> 01:16:29.020
on some James Bond movie, I thought. Probably.

01:16:29.100 --> 01:16:33.260
Yeah, I'm sure. Yeah. It's just got to be frustrating

01:16:33.260 --> 01:16:36.720
for you when these things come back around. There

01:16:36.720 --> 01:16:39.140
was no flat earth theory when I was in high school.

01:16:39.279 --> 01:16:40.819
Well, there are other things, though. Think about

01:16:40.819 --> 01:16:42.479
it. When you were in high school, there was much

01:16:42.479 --> 01:16:44.800
more astrology going on. Oh, yeah. President

01:16:44.800 --> 01:16:47.239
Reagan. Oh, let's talk about that. Nancy Reagan

01:16:47.239 --> 01:16:52.569
had an astrologer. You don't see much of it.

01:16:52.710 --> 01:16:54.770
Unless you talk to Steve Maxwell. But it's still

01:16:54.770 --> 01:16:58.890
there. It's just not manifesting in public policy.

01:16:59.170 --> 01:17:01.210
Some people believe in it deeply. I agree. But

01:17:01.210 --> 01:17:03.350
it's not up there in public policy. That's what

01:17:03.350 --> 01:17:05.529
I'm saying. Okay. Well, Nancy Reagan was really

01:17:05.529 --> 01:17:07.489
the only one that made it in public policy. Sure.

01:17:07.569 --> 01:17:11.149
But at the bar, do you hear people saying, what's

01:17:11.149 --> 01:17:12.630
your sign? Oh, hell yeah. Is that still a pick

01:17:12.630 --> 01:17:15.409
-up line? Oh, hell yeah. 100%. Well, no. Let

01:17:15.409 --> 01:17:17.250
it not be true. Listen, dude. You're married.

01:17:17.250 --> 01:17:18.989
On Tinder. I've not been married. You're an older

01:17:18.989 --> 01:17:20.350
man. I'm out of it. Excuse me. You don't understand.

01:17:20.750 --> 01:17:21.970
want to get laid, you've got to talk nonsense

01:17:21.970 --> 01:17:26.850
to people. Well, I'm a Scorpio, and if you're

01:17:26.850 --> 01:17:28.770
a Taurus, we should just stop talking now. I

01:17:28.770 --> 01:17:32.949
misled myself. I thought it was fading, but Nancy

01:17:32.949 --> 01:17:35.529
Reagan was the big proponent at the time. It's

01:17:35.529 --> 01:17:37.710
nonsense astrology now. It's not like someone

01:17:37.710 --> 01:17:40.050
who really understands astrological charts and

01:17:40.050 --> 01:17:42.390
can plot it and the moon's in retrograde and

01:17:42.390 --> 01:17:45.909
you were born and Celsius is rising and all that

01:17:45.909 --> 01:17:47.909
crazy crap that they tried. I don't know what

01:17:47.909 --> 01:17:49.850
they're doing. I was on a talk show with an astrologer.

01:17:49.960 --> 01:17:53.739
A real one? Apparently, yes. She's a real one

01:17:53.739 --> 01:17:55.979
or a fake one, right? How do you know? She says

01:17:55.979 --> 01:17:59.880
she's real. Okay. And I trust her because she

01:17:59.880 --> 01:18:02.420
talks about how fake other astrologers are. Oh,

01:18:02.420 --> 01:18:06.500
she's a hater. She's a hater. Don't trust her.

01:18:06.600 --> 01:18:10.539
And she was saying that the Kennedys all died

01:18:10.539 --> 01:18:15.689
during a lunar eclipse. Oh, scary. You know,

01:18:15.689 --> 01:18:17.590
this is a very checkable statement. She just

01:18:17.590 --> 01:18:19.130
says this, and everyone's listening and believing.

01:18:19.270 --> 01:18:22.029
It's like, wow, that can't be by accident. Well,

01:18:22.149 --> 01:18:24.109
I don't know when other Kennedys died, but I

01:18:24.109 --> 01:18:27.130
know when Jack Kennedy died, and it was November

01:18:27.130 --> 01:18:32.010
22, 1963. So I don't need to know if there's

01:18:32.010 --> 01:18:33.409
an eclipse then. I just need to know what phase

01:18:33.409 --> 01:18:35.630
the moon is in. Right. Because you can only have

01:18:35.630 --> 01:18:38.310
a lunar eclipse when the moon is full. So the

01:18:38.310 --> 01:18:40.350
moon was nowhere near full. It was like two weeks

01:18:40.350 --> 01:18:42.949
away from full. Even if there was an eclipse...

01:18:43.770 --> 01:18:45.989
It didn't happen during Eclipse, is my point.

01:18:46.109 --> 01:18:49.069
Right. Okay? So... Of course, because it was

01:18:49.069 --> 01:18:51.600
daylight. Well... Well, no, you can have a lunar

01:18:51.600 --> 01:18:54.340
eclipse at any time. Oh, man. You can have solar

01:18:54.340 --> 01:18:57.119
eclipse at any time, too. It's just not for you.

01:18:57.460 --> 01:18:59.420
It's just not for you. It would be for the other

01:18:59.420 --> 01:19:00.260
side of the Earth. Somewhere else in the world.

01:19:00.420 --> 01:19:05.819
Right, right. Don't be so centric. In fact, when

01:19:05.819 --> 01:19:07.779
there's a lunar eclipse, anyone on the side of

01:19:07.779 --> 01:19:10.039
the Earth that sees the moon will see the lunar

01:19:10.039 --> 01:19:13.460
eclipse. So, by the way, lunar eclipses, you

01:19:13.460 --> 01:19:17.260
get several per year. by the way, partial eclipses

01:19:17.260 --> 01:19:19.359
as a minimum. And every couple of years, there's

01:19:19.359 --> 01:19:22.399
full lunar eclipses. So these are not rare things

01:19:22.399 --> 01:19:25.979
to start. They're not rare, okay? So I said,

01:19:26.100 --> 01:19:28.000
you know, he was shot when the... I forgot what

01:19:28.000 --> 01:19:31.460
moon it was. First quarter moon. And she said,

01:19:31.520 --> 01:19:34.899
oh, well, this counts if they're anywhere within

01:19:34.899 --> 01:19:38.100
two weeks on either side of the eclipse. What?

01:19:38.500 --> 01:19:41.060
That's a month. That's a month out of 12. What?

01:19:41.579 --> 01:19:43.479
So I said, let me just shut up here and let her

01:19:43.479 --> 01:19:45.159
keep... What did she say? We were sharing the

01:19:45.159 --> 01:19:47.899
time. Pharrell had a talk show. We were both

01:19:47.899 --> 01:19:50.039
on Pharrell's talk show. And he liked science,

01:19:50.079 --> 01:19:52.520
by the way. And he wore a NASA shirt at the...

01:19:53.039 --> 01:19:58.039
At the Academy Award group photo. So I've got

01:19:58.039 --> 01:20:01.680
to give him some props for that. So I just say

01:20:01.680 --> 01:20:05.140
I have nothing more to say here. Hence, my argument

01:20:05.140 --> 01:20:07.619
with her lasted less than five minutes. Now,

01:20:07.619 --> 01:20:10.899
when they're trying to decide what your personality

01:20:10.899 --> 01:20:15.680
would be and what you can dictate from your birth

01:20:15.680 --> 01:20:18.359
date and what time you were born, what are they

01:20:18.359 --> 01:20:23.779
exactly trying to connect? I had a deeper awareness

01:20:23.779 --> 01:20:30.119
of this recently when I learned that people take

01:20:30.119 --> 01:20:35.180
the names of things very seriously. Okay? That

01:20:35.180 --> 01:20:40.119
names mean things to people, regardless of what

01:20:40.119 --> 01:20:45.300
the thing actually is. Okay. Okay? Okay. So what

01:20:45.300 --> 01:20:49.989
might we mean by this? So... Let's like astrophysically

01:20:49.989 --> 01:20:51.550
I say we have this thing called dark matter.

01:20:51.670 --> 01:20:53.710
We don't know what it is Well, it's got to be

01:20:53.710 --> 01:20:57.789
some kind of matter. No No, it shouldn't be called

01:20:57.789 --> 01:21:00.529
dark matter. It should be called Fred. All right

01:21:00.529 --> 01:21:04.630
with no It shouldn't lead you to think anything

01:21:04.630 --> 01:21:08.489
about it because we do not know what it is We

01:21:08.489 --> 01:21:11.329
should really call it dark gravity. It is it

01:21:11.329 --> 01:21:13.069
is gravity that we have measured We don't know

01:21:13.069 --> 01:21:15.210
what's causing the gravity just call it dark

01:21:15.210 --> 01:21:18.430
matter implies you think it's matter Some people

01:21:18.430 --> 01:21:21.729
do, but we don't know. So explain to me, what

01:21:21.729 --> 01:21:25.430
is this based on? Like when you say dark matter,

01:21:25.529 --> 01:21:28.850
what is it based on? I'd like to just call it

01:21:28.850 --> 01:21:30.369
Fred for now. Okay, let's call it Fred. And I'm

01:21:30.369 --> 01:21:32.069
saying we don't know what it is. Right. How is

01:21:32.069 --> 01:21:33.750
Fred measured? We measure the gravity of this

01:21:33.750 --> 01:21:36.810
stuff. Okay. It's out there. It's six times the

01:21:36.810 --> 01:21:40.390
gravity of stuff that's ordinary matter. We don't

01:21:40.390 --> 01:21:41.810
know where it's coming from. We don't know the

01:21:41.810 --> 01:21:43.270
source. We don't know the origin. Is it a parallel

01:21:43.270 --> 01:21:45.649
universe? We don't know. And how are we measuring

01:21:45.649 --> 01:21:48.479
it? By its effect on the motions of objects.

01:21:49.600 --> 01:21:52.739
So a certain strength of gravity will force you

01:21:52.739 --> 01:21:55.199
to move at a given speed as you near it and as

01:21:55.199 --> 01:21:59.460
you pull away. And we see this in galaxies, galaxy

01:21:59.460 --> 01:22:03.260
clusters, binary galaxies. And they measured

01:22:03.260 --> 01:22:05.460
entire galaxies that are made completely out

01:22:05.460 --> 01:22:11.380
of this FRED. At least 80 % of the force of gravity

01:22:11.380 --> 01:22:17.590
manifested in these galaxies is FRED, yes. Why

01:22:17.590 --> 01:22:19.810
are they calling it dark matter? They shouldn't,

01:22:19.810 --> 01:22:21.409
in my opinion. They should call it dark gravity,

01:22:21.529 --> 01:22:23.550
because that's literally what it is. So it's

01:22:23.550 --> 01:22:25.729
gravity that cannot be measured, or gravity that's

01:22:25.729 --> 01:22:27.609
not completely understood. It's not understood,

01:22:27.789 --> 01:22:30.229
correct. So it's mysterious gravity. Or it can't

01:22:30.229 --> 01:22:32.369
be completely measured. No, we measure it. But

01:22:32.369 --> 01:22:34.550
you can't narrow down what the root of it is.

01:22:34.569 --> 01:22:36.029
We measure its gravity precisely. Right. Okay,

01:22:36.069 --> 01:22:38.409
so you measure it, but you can't determine the

01:22:38.409 --> 01:22:40.970
origin? Because we don't know what it is. Right.

01:22:41.130 --> 01:22:44.350
My point is, because someone called it dark matter.

01:22:45.180 --> 01:22:49.039
It has swayed everybody into thinking that it

01:22:49.039 --> 01:22:53.619
is matter of some kind. It has constrained people's

01:22:53.619 --> 01:22:56.460
thoughts about how to think about this problem.

01:22:56.979 --> 01:23:00.619
Okay, so now the ancients looked up and they

01:23:00.619 --> 01:23:06.000
saw these stars and they put their culture on

01:23:06.000 --> 01:23:12.039
the sky. So there's centaurs. There's, you know.

01:23:15.210 --> 01:23:17.550
There's a centaur archer, so it's Sagittarius.

01:23:17.649 --> 01:23:20.390
We have Orion the hunter. We have Taurus. We

01:23:20.390 --> 01:23:23.909
have sea serpents. We have rivers. We have stuff

01:23:23.909 --> 01:23:27.130
that mattered to people back then. Okay? We have

01:23:27.130 --> 01:23:31.409
Aquarius. What is it? What's the water bearer?

01:23:31.510 --> 01:23:34.770
Oh, the water bearer. That must mean that when

01:23:34.770 --> 01:23:37.569
the sun is in Aquarius, it's going to rain more

01:23:37.569 --> 01:23:42.250
on Earth. Why? Because the ancients called it...

01:23:42.569 --> 01:23:46.090
The water bearer. Oh, okay. And all of a sudden,

01:23:46.090 --> 01:23:52.229
the name reigns supreme over the fact that it

01:23:52.229 --> 01:23:56.470
is a random set of stars, widely separated in

01:23:56.470 --> 01:23:59.470
space, that don't even look like people holding

01:23:59.470 --> 01:24:03.890
a pitcher of water. Of the 88 constellations,

01:24:03.890 --> 01:24:06.689
about six of them look like what you're told

01:24:06.689 --> 01:24:08.689
they're supposed to look like. The rest require

01:24:08.689 --> 01:24:12.949
opium -induced imagination to establish what

01:24:12.949 --> 01:24:18.979
they are. So they all have names. Then you go

01:24:18.979 --> 01:24:22.039
to the astrologer's tables and they say, oh,

01:24:22.060 --> 01:24:24.539
this is the rain sign or this is a dry drought

01:24:24.539 --> 01:24:27.600
sign. And they take the names of things and those

01:24:27.600 --> 01:24:30.100
names are what they interpret based on where

01:24:30.100 --> 01:24:32.300
the moon is, the sun is, where the planets are

01:24:32.300 --> 01:24:35.960
and all whatever the angle configurations there

01:24:35.960 --> 01:24:39.579
are. And each angle has a certain latitude over

01:24:39.579 --> 01:24:42.300
which they'll count it as a hit rather than as

01:24:42.300 --> 01:24:47.049
a miss. And so this gives extraordinary. capacity

01:24:47.049 --> 01:24:50.109
of the astrologer to tell you what's going on

01:24:50.109 --> 01:24:59.869
in your life. So it's bullshit. But they did

01:24:59.869 --> 01:25:05.109
have this real fascinating connection with these

01:25:05.109 --> 01:25:07.770
certain constellations and all of the different

01:25:07.770 --> 01:25:09.149
things that they thought were attached to these

01:25:09.149 --> 01:25:10.590
certain constellations. You know what it would

01:25:10.590 --> 01:25:13.710
be like? It would be like a geologist going up

01:25:13.710 --> 01:25:16.470
to the border of Colorado trying to understand

01:25:16.470 --> 01:25:20.800
the shape as a geologist. Hmm. It's an arbitrary

01:25:20.800 --> 01:25:24.760
shape. Colorado is a square on a curved surface.

01:25:24.920 --> 01:25:27.119
It's amazing how much confirmation bias is attached

01:25:27.119 --> 01:25:28.380
to astrology, though. It's not surrounded by

01:25:28.380 --> 01:25:32.500
a river. Yeah, that's right. So Wiki has a great

01:25:32.500 --> 01:25:39.399
website on cognitive bias. And there's like 20

01:25:39.399 --> 01:25:44.560
or so well -known by every person. This should

01:25:44.560 --> 01:25:48.159
be a course called Cognitive Bias 101. Forget

01:25:48.159 --> 01:25:50.520
college. Every high school should have a course,

01:25:50.579 --> 01:25:53.399
cognitive bias. And that entire course should

01:25:53.399 --> 01:25:56.340
be about all the ways we fool ourselves. Don't

01:25:56.340 --> 01:25:58.560
you think that would be very important? I've

01:25:58.560 --> 01:26:03.880
tweeted this too. Science. The only point of

01:26:03.880 --> 01:26:08.020
the scientific method is to make sure you are

01:26:08.020 --> 01:26:11.699
not fooled into thinking that something is true

01:26:11.699 --> 01:26:15.600
that is not. Or thinking that something is not

01:26:15.600 --> 01:26:20.989
true that is. That is the only point. And therefore,

01:26:21.149 --> 01:26:23.189
the scientific method could be anything you invent.

01:26:23.529 --> 01:26:25.869
Just take better notes. Take a chart recorder.

01:26:26.210 --> 01:26:29.069
Be more awake next time you take the data. Bring

01:26:29.069 --> 01:26:31.510
a friend to observe it with you. Whatever it

01:26:31.510 --> 01:26:36.029
takes to minimize the chances that you will misinterpret

01:26:36.029 --> 01:26:38.949
what you're looking at so that you don't think

01:26:38.949 --> 01:26:41.229
something is true that is not or think something

01:26:41.229 --> 01:26:45.470
is not true that is. Do whatever it takes to

01:26:45.470 --> 01:26:48.920
support that. Mission statement. That's what

01:26:48.920 --> 01:26:50.560
the scientific method is. And that's what we

01:26:50.560 --> 01:26:54.060
do as scientists. And that's why when you bring...

01:26:54.729 --> 01:26:57.770
All of these things that people do. So it's the

01:26:57.770 --> 01:27:00.409
astrology and the crystal healers and who are

01:27:00.409 --> 01:27:04.590
the, quote, therapeutic touch people. Oh, don't

01:27:04.590 --> 01:27:06.829
mess with them, dude. That's real. No, that's

01:27:06.829 --> 01:27:10.869
real. You don't even understand. I'm a healer.

01:27:10.869 --> 01:27:13.270
I'm an intuitive healer. It goes on and on and

01:27:13.270 --> 01:27:15.609
on and on. Yeah. And these are the things that

01:27:15.609 --> 01:27:17.989
fail in the double blind science. Why do you

01:27:17.989 --> 01:27:19.890
do double blind? So you don't fool yourself into

01:27:19.890 --> 01:27:22.350
thinking something is true. That's why you do

01:27:22.350 --> 01:27:25.210
double blind. And if you don't and you want something

01:27:25.210 --> 01:27:27.590
to be true, even if you're surprised by something

01:27:27.590 --> 01:27:29.649
that might have been true that you were against,

01:27:29.930 --> 01:27:32.930
still you need someone else to check it. And

01:27:32.930 --> 01:27:35.989
you only get an emergent scientific truth when

01:27:35.989 --> 01:27:39.090
you have agreement among different people's experiments.

01:27:39.529 --> 01:27:41.649
So even if you get a result that you're happy

01:27:41.649 --> 01:27:45.069
with, it is not yet a scientific truth until

01:27:45.069 --> 01:27:48.109
you can confirm it by other people who have no

01:27:48.109 --> 01:27:50.880
investment in you. Who don't care about you.

01:27:50.880 --> 01:27:52.199
In fact, we're trying to show that you're wrong.

01:27:52.859 --> 01:27:55.140
This is what made Einstein so great. Because

01:27:55.140 --> 01:27:56.979
no one believed his relativity and they kept

01:27:56.979 --> 01:27:59.359
devising ever more accurate experiments to show

01:27:59.359 --> 01:28:01.859
he was wrong. And it ended up showing that he

01:28:01.859 --> 01:28:05.619
was right by ever higher precision. Do you think

01:28:05.619 --> 01:28:07.659
that we're doing ourselves a disservice by not...

01:28:08.230 --> 01:28:11.090
teaching people how the mind works, how confirmation

01:28:11.090 --> 01:28:13.630
bias works. Shouldn't that be a big part? We're

01:28:13.630 --> 01:28:15.050
teaching the wrong things in school. I'm working

01:28:15.050 --> 01:28:18.189
on this. In a few years, I'm going to have something.

01:28:18.329 --> 01:28:20.630
Why not? Because I'm busy. My kids are in school

01:28:20.630 --> 01:28:23.890
right now. I'm busy. Excuse me. I can't be. I

01:28:23.890 --> 01:28:27.350
can't. I understand, but let's discuss it because

01:28:27.350 --> 01:28:29.409
I think it took me a long time. The curriculum

01:28:29.409 --> 01:28:31.670
has to include an entire course on cognitive

01:28:31.670 --> 01:28:35.329
bias. Yes. If we are going to emerge as adults,

01:28:36.170 --> 01:28:39.829
No longer susceptible to charlatans. Yes. Okay.

01:28:39.909 --> 01:28:42.750
Who are either well -meaning and just misguided

01:28:42.750 --> 01:28:46.130
or who are explicitly exploiting your ignorance.

01:28:46.920 --> 01:28:49.680
And it's a major factor in our culture, a major

01:28:49.680 --> 01:28:51.739
factor when it comes to politicians. It's a major

01:28:51.739 --> 01:28:54.920
factor when it comes to bosses. It's a major

01:28:54.920 --> 01:28:56.899
factor when it comes to how you choose what you

01:28:56.899 --> 01:28:58.439
do for a living, how you choose to live your

01:28:58.439 --> 01:29:00.380
life. And human interaction with nature itself.

01:29:00.560 --> 01:29:03.119
Yeah. I mean, we are constantly trying to manipulate

01:29:03.119 --> 01:29:05.760
and control other people's biases, behaviors,

01:29:06.180 --> 01:29:08.060
the way they think, the way they act. And we're

01:29:08.060 --> 01:29:10.340
very vulnerable in some senses because this is

01:29:10.340 --> 01:29:12.000
not something that's taught to us at an early

01:29:12.000 --> 01:29:15.539
age. You know, and I think that it takes a long

01:29:15.539 --> 01:29:18.340
time to. figure it out on your own. And I've

01:29:18.340 --> 01:29:20.659
often thought like, man, why wasn't I explained

01:29:20.659 --> 01:29:23.000
this when I was young? Yeah. Cause the curriculum

01:29:23.000 --> 01:29:25.640
was, it wasn't thinking about that. Yeah. Well,

01:29:25.720 --> 01:29:27.279
we're thinking about just giving people facts

01:29:27.279 --> 01:29:29.359
instead of teaching them how to manage your mind

01:29:29.359 --> 01:29:33.060
is this vessel into which you pour information

01:29:33.060 --> 01:29:36.659
and nowhere. And at no time are we trained how

01:29:36.659 --> 01:29:42.840
to turn a fact into knowledge, knowledge into

01:29:42.840 --> 01:29:48.590
wisdom. and wisdom into insight. I think that

01:29:48.590 --> 01:29:53.109
full sequence needs to be in there in the academic

01:29:53.109 --> 01:29:57.550
system. K through 12, 13 through 16, 13, 14,

01:29:57.609 --> 01:29:59.949
yeah, college. It's got to be in there somewhere.

01:30:00.069 --> 01:30:02.770
Without it, you're just this vessel of facts.

01:30:02.989 --> 01:30:07.770
And even the people we call smart in class, these

01:30:07.770 --> 01:30:09.369
are people who get A's on everything and they

01:30:09.369 --> 01:30:11.590
know everything, but do they have the deepest

01:30:11.590 --> 01:30:16.770
insight? Do they really understand what it is

01:30:16.770 --> 01:30:19.210
that they're putting back on the test? I don't

01:30:19.210 --> 01:30:21.229
think all of them do. I think they have good

01:30:21.229 --> 01:30:23.550
short -term memory, some of them, and they do

01:30:23.550 --> 01:30:25.949
well on the exams because of that fact. So they're

01:30:25.949 --> 01:30:29.630
good at acquiring data and maintaining it. Acquiring

01:30:29.630 --> 01:30:32.270
information and then bringing it back. On command.

01:30:33.189 --> 01:30:35.930
Not all. Some are deep thinkers, and I don't

01:30:35.930 --> 01:30:37.449
want to take that away from them. All I'm saying

01:30:37.449 --> 01:30:40.649
is that the curriculum, I think, needs these

01:30:40.649 --> 01:30:45.329
other dimensions of survival, really. That's

01:30:45.329 --> 01:30:48.899
what it is. It's survival in a world. And when

01:30:48.899 --> 01:30:51.060
a scientist says this is true, you can ask, well,

01:30:51.119 --> 01:30:54.220
why do you think that's true? Exercise some healthy

01:30:54.220 --> 01:30:55.899
skepticism. I don't have a problem with that.

01:30:55.960 --> 01:30:58.060
Say because of look at this evidence. Do you

01:30:58.060 --> 01:31:00.039
know how to read evidence, by the way? And look

01:31:00.039 --> 01:31:01.859
at this evidence. Look at this chart. Look at

01:31:01.859 --> 01:31:03.899
this experiment. And this is why we conclude.

01:31:05.060 --> 01:31:06.760
overwhelmingly, that this is going to happen

01:31:06.760 --> 01:31:10.439
in our future. You pointy -headed scientist,

01:31:10.659 --> 01:31:12.619
what do you know? By the way, give me my cell

01:31:12.619 --> 01:31:15.239
phone so I can call my grandmother, okay? While

01:31:15.239 --> 01:31:17.520
I use GPS satellites to know when to make a left

01:31:17.520 --> 01:31:20.100
turn. Right. I'm going to call my astrologist.

01:31:21.079 --> 01:31:23.220
To tell them these scientists got their head

01:31:23.220 --> 01:31:28.989
up their ass, right? Yeah. Well, I think also

01:31:28.989 --> 01:31:30.930
it would be really beneficial to teach people

01:31:30.930 --> 01:31:34.109
how to manage perspective and how to look at

01:31:34.109 --> 01:31:37.489
life in a way that's going to be beneficial to

01:31:37.489 --> 01:31:39.810
you. But we're not really giving them any tools

01:31:39.810 --> 01:31:42.510
to manage the mind. Like philosophy. There's

01:31:42.510 --> 01:31:43.770
some philosophy classes that can help that. Sure,

01:31:43.770 --> 01:31:47.189
but even philosophy. Not all philosophy. Yeah,

01:31:47.189 --> 01:31:50.489
it's very rare. Philosophy of just how to think

01:31:50.489 --> 01:31:53.489
about decision making and the causes and effects

01:31:53.489 --> 01:31:56.329
and consequences. There's not enough of that

01:31:56.329 --> 01:31:58.119
either. No. Maybe they're relying on that to

01:31:58.119 --> 01:32:00.100
happen at home. But not all homes are intact.

01:32:00.500 --> 01:32:02.979
Right. In fact, perhaps most are broken homes

01:32:02.979 --> 01:32:07.199
or separated homes. And so I think the school

01:32:07.199 --> 01:32:11.079
needs to be rethought. And I'm trying to. think

01:32:11.079 --> 01:32:13.039
that through. It'll be a few more years. Well,

01:32:13.100 --> 01:32:15.000
anytime you talk about alternative schooling,

01:32:15.220 --> 01:32:16.880
people look at you like you're some sort of a

01:32:16.880 --> 01:32:18.760
hippie freak who wants your kids to eat granola

01:32:18.760 --> 01:32:20.920
and live in the mountains and get their own spring

01:32:20.920 --> 01:32:22.859
water. You know what I mean? That's what they

01:32:22.859 --> 01:32:24.479
think of when you say alternative schooling.

01:32:24.680 --> 01:32:26.880
Right, right. I'll train them at home. Oh, man.

01:32:27.220 --> 01:32:29.619
Good luck. As soon as you say homeschooling,

01:32:29.619 --> 01:32:31.659
oh, you're a religious nut. I mean, that's immediately

01:32:31.659 --> 01:32:33.899
the perception. That's the fastest growing sector

01:32:33.899 --> 01:32:35.960
of the homeschooling sector. They don't want

01:32:35.960 --> 01:32:37.579
you clouding your head with all that evolution

01:32:37.579 --> 01:32:40.600
talk. Right, right, right. Do you ever talk to

01:32:40.600 --> 01:32:42.060
that Ken Ham guy? Have you ever sat down with

01:32:42.060 --> 01:32:44.279
that guy? No, but Bill Nye has. I mean, Bill

01:32:44.279 --> 01:32:46.880
Nye debated him. I mean, I can't debate people.

01:32:47.000 --> 01:32:48.699
It's not what I do. You just can't do it. I just

01:32:48.699 --> 01:32:51.840
can't do it. It's not what I do. I'm an educator,

01:32:51.880 --> 01:32:53.960
and I want to educate you so you can think for

01:32:53.960 --> 01:32:57.590
yourself. But then I go away. That's it. To debate

01:32:57.590 --> 01:33:01.569
someone implies that whoever is most convincing

01:33:01.569 --> 01:33:04.869
is correct. Right. That's not how knowledge works.

01:33:05.069 --> 01:33:06.649
Right. It's just too much charisma involved.

01:33:06.770 --> 01:33:08.529
Yeah, yeah. It's not how knowledge, whatever

01:33:08.529 --> 01:33:11.229
charisma level I have or not have, I don't want

01:33:11.229 --> 01:33:14.609
to hinge what is true on that fact. Right. All

01:33:14.609 --> 01:33:18.170
right. So I'm an educator. I will teach you the

01:33:18.170 --> 01:33:22.039
causes and effects. of knowing what science is

01:33:22.039 --> 01:33:23.699
and how and why it works. Which is why it's critical

01:33:23.699 --> 01:33:26.000
that you continue to criticize science fiction

01:33:26.000 --> 01:33:28.239
movies. It's very important. Don't you back off

01:33:28.239 --> 01:33:30.500
now. We need you. There's a lot of people that

01:33:30.500 --> 01:33:32.260
wouldn't know that that Chinese space station

01:33:32.260 --> 01:33:34.800
is nowhere near the American space station and

01:33:34.800 --> 01:33:36.760
that her hair would be moving all over the place.

01:33:36.779 --> 01:33:39.159
Her hair would be everywhere. Oh, but my favorite

01:33:39.159 --> 01:33:40.939
one is, remember when he's at the end of a tether

01:33:40.939 --> 01:33:44.100
and she wants to save him, but she doesn't have

01:33:44.100 --> 01:33:46.520
enough oxygen to do it. So he lets go of the

01:33:46.520 --> 01:33:50.260
tether and that way, She can't save him before

01:33:50.260 --> 01:33:53.439
she can save herself. Right. And then he flies

01:33:53.439 --> 01:33:56.939
away. It's like, no. They're like floating in

01:33:56.939 --> 01:34:00.420
space. Yeah. He lets go of the tether. It just

01:34:00.420 --> 01:34:03.060
stays there in his hand. Yeah. He would be right

01:34:03.060 --> 01:34:04.680
there. He would be right there. Nothing. He lets

01:34:04.680 --> 01:34:06.460
go. Nothing happened. Wouldn't be like a bungee

01:34:06.460 --> 01:34:08.800
cord. Now, if she were swinging him in circles,

01:34:08.939 --> 01:34:11.079
and he let go, yeah, he'd fly off at a tangent.

01:34:11.140 --> 01:34:13.159
But that's not what was happening. Right. And

01:34:13.159 --> 01:34:16.159
nor were they rotating. I would check what they

01:34:16.159 --> 01:34:18.079
were relative to Earth below. That was not what

01:34:18.079 --> 01:34:20.600
was going on. So, and you know what? She could

01:34:20.600 --> 01:34:22.539
have just given a slight tug, and then he would

01:34:22.539 --> 01:34:23.920
have drifted towards her. That could have even

01:34:23.920 --> 01:34:25.659
been a little romantic. Just a little baby tug.

01:34:25.819 --> 01:34:27.439
Yeah. That's it. Yeah, baby tug. would do it

01:34:27.439 --> 01:34:29.239
they would slowly drift towards one another no

01:34:29.239 --> 01:34:30.579
i hate that movie then the helmets would hit

01:34:30.579 --> 01:34:32.920
you know and then that movie makes me mad oh

01:34:32.920 --> 01:34:34.399
and then the helmets would break and then they'd

01:34:34.399 --> 01:34:37.000
be freezing to death instantly right when you

01:34:37.000 --> 01:34:39.359
suffocate you'd suffocate oh that too and then

01:34:39.359 --> 01:34:41.840
freeze to death right What movie nailed that?

01:34:41.899 --> 01:34:43.880
There was one movie where they were off in space

01:34:43.880 --> 01:34:46.960
and they overdid it. Well, there was, people

01:34:46.960 --> 01:34:50.720
want you to like explode in space. No, no. I

01:34:50.720 --> 01:34:52.699
mean. Well, they want you to freeze solid too

01:34:52.699 --> 01:34:55.779
instantly. Yeah, right. No, just no. And even

01:34:55.779 --> 01:34:59.399
in, was it Armageddon? Where the sun rose over

01:34:59.399 --> 01:35:03.680
the comet and he didn't have his visor down and

01:35:03.680 --> 01:35:06.869
he was blinded by the sun. It's like. The same

01:35:06.869 --> 01:35:09.909
sun in our daytime sky. The atmosphere doesn't

01:35:09.909 --> 01:35:11.750
protect you in any way? The Earth's atmosphere

01:35:11.750 --> 01:35:15.050
takes out, you know, a few percent. That's it?

01:35:15.170 --> 01:35:17.710
Oh, yeah. A few percent. Well, in the middle

01:35:17.710 --> 01:35:20.329
of one daylight at the top of the sky. So you'd

01:35:20.329 --> 01:35:22.029
just be squinty. It's a few percent. Now, he'll

01:35:22.029 --> 01:35:24.789
get more UV. He'll get more UV. That's important.

01:35:25.090 --> 01:35:30.119
Get a little more brown. Yeah, but... Yeah, death

01:35:30.119 --> 01:35:33.600
in space is nowhere near as spectacular as movies

01:35:33.600 --> 01:35:35.960
would have you think. Yeah, they make it seem

01:35:35.960 --> 01:35:37.739
like if you take that helmet off, you just immediately

01:35:37.739 --> 01:35:40.380
freeze up. Yeah, yeah. No, no. I mean, you can

01:35:40.380 --> 01:35:43.079
go into very... What happens is there's nothing

01:35:43.079 --> 01:35:47.220
making you cold other than you radiating heat

01:35:47.220 --> 01:35:50.539
from your skin. Oh. So you only get as cold as

01:35:50.539 --> 01:35:53.260
quickly as you can radiate away heat. That's

01:35:53.260 --> 01:35:54.960
all. So it would take quite a while. Oh, yeah.

01:35:55.869 --> 01:35:57.770
You just have no air, so you'd suffocate quicker.

01:35:57.970 --> 01:35:59.350
Yeah, you'd suffocate. Oh, yeah, you'd suffocate

01:35:59.350 --> 01:36:02.550
long before you saw anything like that happen.

01:36:02.670 --> 01:36:04.949
So just think about it. There's nothing touching

01:36:04.949 --> 01:36:08.670
you that's making you cold. It has to wait for

01:36:08.670 --> 01:36:11.670
you to radiate away. That's what's happening,

01:36:11.789 --> 01:36:17.029
okay? And so, yeah, you'll feel very cold very

01:36:17.029 --> 01:36:18.489
quickly, but you're not going to die from that

01:36:18.489 --> 01:36:21.229
fast. Now, when Stephen Hawking... Oh, by the

01:36:21.229 --> 01:36:23.069
way, you also have dissolved gases in your body,

01:36:23.210 --> 01:36:27.130
which will try to come... Because in the vacuum

01:36:27.130 --> 01:36:29.810
of space, you don't have the air pressure tamping

01:36:29.810 --> 01:36:32.079
down. the dissolved gases. So you take away the

01:36:32.079 --> 01:36:35.199
air pressure, then the dissolved gases will begin

01:36:35.199 --> 01:36:38.000
to bubble out of your blood. And it's the same

01:36:38.000 --> 01:36:40.180
problem when you have the bends. When you come

01:36:40.180 --> 01:36:43.340
up from low altitude and you go to lesser pressure

01:36:43.340 --> 01:36:46.659
around you. So you want to do that slowly so

01:36:46.659 --> 01:36:49.220
that it's a very slow thing. But the hazards

01:36:49.220 --> 01:36:53.579
of... Why would you... be butt naked in space.

01:36:53.779 --> 01:36:54.800
I mean, you're going to have a space suit on.

01:36:54.979 --> 01:36:56.479
Well, you just want to prove to everybody that

01:36:56.479 --> 01:36:59.520
you can do it. Well, they did it in 2001 in Space

01:36:59.520 --> 01:37:01.279
Odyssey. They basically did it right. The guy

01:37:01.279 --> 01:37:04.220
without his helmet went through the airlock and

01:37:04.220 --> 01:37:06.760
just held his breath. Oh, okay. Yeah, that's

01:37:06.760 --> 01:37:08.760
all he did. Oh, well, that's way more reasonable.

01:37:09.420 --> 01:37:11.260
Well, because it was a reasonable movie. It was

01:37:11.260 --> 01:37:13.119
a reasonable movie. It was a good movie. It had

01:37:13.119 --> 01:37:15.460
real advisors. Stanley Kubrick. Well, he was

01:37:15.460 --> 01:37:16.760
a really interesting guy, too, because he was

01:37:16.760 --> 01:37:18.760
a mathematician. I didn't know that about him,

01:37:18.760 --> 01:37:21.039
but I knew he cared about that level of detail.

01:37:21.279 --> 01:37:23.579
He used to do complex math for fun. So there's

01:37:23.579 --> 01:37:26.680
a failed bit of physics in 2001. You want to

01:37:26.680 --> 01:37:28.600
hear it? Oh, yeah. One day I'll talk about 2001.

01:37:28.960 --> 01:37:32.439
The monkey suits? The monolith? Which was it?

01:37:32.579 --> 01:37:36.060
No, no. So remember when he's... He's on one

01:37:36.060 --> 01:37:38.659
of the moon crafts, and he's orbiting the moon,

01:37:38.720 --> 01:37:41.760
and they give him food. And there's a tray of

01:37:41.760 --> 01:37:43.859
nasty food, obviously. It's like astronaut food.

01:37:44.060 --> 01:37:47.140
Remember, this is 1968, so everything here is

01:37:47.140 --> 01:37:53.460
a visual taste of the future. So he has another

01:37:53.460 --> 01:37:57.340
packet where he extends a straw from that plastic

01:37:57.340 --> 01:38:00.409
packet. Okay. Oh, there he is. Excellent. You're

01:38:00.409 --> 01:38:02.510
getting a good photo. You're good. Your boy is

01:38:02.510 --> 01:38:04.710
good right here. Okay. Yeah, there he is. So

01:38:04.710 --> 01:38:07.430
he sucks up the straw. Right. And this is in

01:38:07.430 --> 01:38:08.970
zero G, so stuff is floating around. He sucked

01:38:08.970 --> 01:38:11.350
up the straw. Then he goes to another straw,

01:38:11.529 --> 01:38:14.149
and the liquid in the straw goes back down. Ah.

01:38:14.670 --> 01:38:17.829
That's gravity. Oh, they fucked up. Yeah. Ah.

01:38:19.109 --> 01:38:22.869
He totally fucked up. No. No, so that one, obviously,

01:38:22.869 --> 01:38:25.489
he can't get everything right. But it's fun to

01:38:25.489 --> 01:38:27.750
notice the things he couldn't get right or didn't

01:38:27.750 --> 01:38:29.810
think to get right. So to me, it's a celebration.

01:38:30.109 --> 01:38:32.949
Here's another one. Okay. The rotation rate of

01:38:32.949 --> 01:38:36.989
the space station. I calculated that, and I calculated

01:38:36.989 --> 01:38:42.569
what g -force would you have on the outer perimeter

01:38:42.569 --> 01:38:46.409
of the space station in 2001. And I did the math,

01:38:46.470 --> 01:38:48.430
and I forgot the exact number, something like

01:38:48.430 --> 01:38:52.510
between 2 and 3 g's. Oh. And I said, why would

01:38:52.510 --> 01:38:54.109
you do that? That's stupid. You wouldn't do that.

01:38:54.229 --> 01:38:57.350
And I realized if they rotated it at the rate

01:38:57.350 --> 01:39:00.310
that would give you 1G, it would be way too slow

01:39:00.310 --> 01:39:04.109
to make an interesting scene. So I gave it to

01:39:04.109 --> 01:39:06.550
them. I said, I'll give you 3Gs. Because the

01:39:06.550 --> 01:39:10.289
Strauss waltz as the thing turns and the space

01:39:10.289 --> 01:39:12.970
shuttle that's approaching it matches its rotation

01:39:12.970 --> 01:39:15.789
rate with the opening in the center of the space

01:39:15.789 --> 01:39:20.069
station. This whole ballet, this entire ballet.

01:39:20.289 --> 01:39:23.310
Wow, that's cool again. Happens at a stately

01:39:23.310 --> 01:39:27.100
but real pace. Okay. But that pace gives him

01:39:27.100 --> 01:39:30.560
a three Gs of gravity. So it's three X the correct

01:39:30.560 --> 01:39:32.239
pace. The correct pace would be much slower.

01:39:32.500 --> 01:39:34.060
It might have been two and a half, but I forgot

01:39:34.060 --> 01:39:37.340
the number. But it's multiples too high. So that

01:39:37.340 --> 01:39:39.079
is possible? But if it looks good, so I let him

01:39:39.079 --> 01:39:42.899
do it. It looks good. Fine. That's artistic license.

01:39:43.000 --> 01:39:45.479
That's Mark Twainian license where he says, first

01:39:45.479 --> 01:39:48.439
get your facts straight, then distort them at

01:39:48.439 --> 01:39:51.060
your leisure. That is what I'm holding artists

01:39:51.060 --> 01:39:55.600
to. So now when you're looking at a space station,

01:39:55.859 --> 01:39:57.760
like they're in zero gravity when they're in

01:39:57.760 --> 01:40:00.520
the space station. No, they are in 1G on the

01:40:00.520 --> 01:40:02.279
edge of the space station. On the edge? Yeah,

01:40:02.340 --> 01:40:04.659
on the turning edge. Yeah, that's the whole point.

01:40:04.680 --> 01:40:07.319
You mean that thing? I mean a real space station.

01:40:07.380 --> 01:40:11.380
Oh, our space station? Oh, so it's 0G. Right.

01:40:11.460 --> 01:40:15.279
But it is possible. It's 0G because it is in

01:40:15.279 --> 01:40:18.520
free fall towards Earth. So it's constantly in

01:40:18.520 --> 01:40:20.180
freefall, but it's just going around the... Yeah,

01:40:20.239 --> 01:40:21.920
it's in freefall towards Earth, but it's going

01:40:21.920 --> 01:40:25.619
sideways so fast that the amount that it has

01:40:25.619 --> 01:40:29.119
fallen equals precisely... The spin of the Earth.

01:40:29.260 --> 01:40:31.539
The curvature of the Earth. Uh -huh. Is that

01:40:31.539 --> 01:40:34.720
more proof that the Earth is round? Yeah! Is

01:40:34.720 --> 01:40:37.880
it? If you've had physics 101, yes. But is it

01:40:37.880 --> 01:40:40.789
possible to generate gravity? Yeah. In a space

01:40:40.789 --> 01:40:42.649
station. Only if you rotate it. Only if you rotate

01:40:42.649 --> 01:40:44.510
it. That's not gravity. It's a simulated gravity.

01:40:44.510 --> 01:40:45.510
Right, a simulated gravity. But according to

01:40:45.510 --> 01:40:47.369
Einstein, they're indistinguishable from one

01:40:47.369 --> 01:40:49.550
another, so you can do it. So it is possible

01:40:49.550 --> 01:40:52.329
to do something where you can send people into

01:40:52.329 --> 01:40:54.829
deep space and generate gravity through some

01:40:54.829 --> 01:40:56.989
sort of rotation? At least two ways. One of them,

01:40:57.029 --> 01:40:59.810
you just rotate it. And all the good sci -fi

01:40:59.810 --> 01:41:02.270
movies have rotating sections of a space station.

01:41:02.449 --> 01:41:05.289
Right. And there's some that have rotating opposite

01:41:05.289 --> 01:41:08.010
ways so that they can spin up against one another.

01:41:08.270 --> 01:41:12.170
Right. And so there's some clever ideas out there

01:41:12.170 --> 01:41:15.500
with space stations of the future. For long voyages.

01:41:15.560 --> 01:41:17.819
Because I had Commander Hatfield on the podcast.

01:41:17.920 --> 01:41:21.260
Cool. Who came back from space and was talking

01:41:21.260 --> 01:41:25.079
about the excruciating difficulty he had readjusting

01:41:25.079 --> 01:41:27.699
to gravity after being in a zero gravity environment

01:41:27.699 --> 01:41:29.500
for so long. He's just showing off because he's

01:41:29.500 --> 01:41:32.420
like setting records for being - Wasn't he like

01:41:32.420 --> 01:41:33.800
six months, I believe? Yeah, it was a long time.

01:41:33.960 --> 01:41:36.319
He was like, yeah, I couldn't handle life with

01:41:36.319 --> 01:41:39.739
you lowly Earth people. He was talking about

01:41:39.739 --> 01:41:42.060
his body. Like it took like over a year before

01:41:42.060 --> 01:41:45.500
his bone density came back. Well, this is partly

01:41:45.500 --> 01:41:51.180
addressed in the film The Martian Kid. He's born

01:41:51.180 --> 01:41:54.680
on Mars, comes to Earth. Which one's that? Born

01:41:54.680 --> 01:41:57.380
on Mars? Yeah, the kid born on Mars. You've got

01:41:57.380 --> 01:42:00.140
to research this, like, now. What's the name

01:42:00.140 --> 01:42:02.619
of the movie? Recent? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Oh, The

01:42:02.619 --> 01:42:05.500
Space Between Us. Oh, what the hell's that? You've

01:42:05.500 --> 01:42:08.460
got to get out more, dude. I do. Yeah. So this

01:42:08.460 --> 01:42:11.159
is a Martian colony where the first community.

01:42:11.460 --> 01:42:13.800
What movie is this? This came out a couple months

01:42:13.800 --> 01:42:16.500
ago. Really? Oh, my gosh. Oh, yeah. Oh, man.

01:42:16.680 --> 01:42:18.819
Is this out on iTunes yet? So that's the Martian

01:42:18.819 --> 01:42:22.060
colony. And one of the female astronauts they

01:42:22.060 --> 01:42:26.779
send, that one there, happens to be, they learn,

01:42:26.920 --> 01:42:29.460
is pregnant. And they can't bring her back. And

01:42:29.460 --> 01:42:31.859
so she gives birth on Mars. And the first person

01:42:31.859 --> 01:42:38.050
who is ever born on Mars. And then they keep

01:42:38.050 --> 01:42:40.149
it a secret, and then he comes back as a teenager

01:42:40.149 --> 01:42:43.489
that falls in love. See, there's the fetus. So

01:42:43.489 --> 01:42:47.069
anyhow, he has a hard time on Earth because his

01:42:47.069 --> 01:42:50.949
heart developed in Martian gravity, which is

01:42:50.949 --> 01:42:53.649
only 38 % Earth gravity. Oh, wow. And then on

01:42:53.649 --> 01:42:56.869
Earth, he just couldn't. They had to figure out

01:42:56.869 --> 01:42:59.350
what to do with him. Wow. Yeah, that's on Mars.

01:42:59.430 --> 01:43:02.569
The kid was born on Mars. Okay. Yeah. Don't spoiler

01:43:02.569 --> 01:43:04.909
alert me, Jamie. Shut that off. Yeah, yeah, yeah.

01:43:05.149 --> 01:43:09.029
So what were we talking about? Generating gravity.

01:43:09.229 --> 01:43:10.909
Yeah, so one way is to rotate it up. Another

01:43:10.909 --> 01:43:13.310
way is if you're headed somewhere, you just have

01:43:13.310 --> 01:43:17.770
a huge fuel tank and just always run your rockets.

01:43:18.770 --> 01:43:20.909
Oh, so you always have G -force. There's always

01:43:20.909 --> 01:43:22.770
a G -force. Oh, interesting. So if you accelerate

01:43:22.770 --> 01:43:27.060
it 1G. Right. towards a destination, then you'll

01:43:27.060 --> 01:43:29.380
always feel Earth's gravity and you'll get there

01:43:29.380 --> 01:43:32.039
awesomely fast. But you would have to have so

01:43:32.039 --> 01:43:34.380
much fuel or rely on something new. Well, you

01:43:34.380 --> 01:43:36.180
need filling stations en route, this sort of

01:43:36.180 --> 01:43:39.279
thing. And if you do this, you accelerate 1G

01:43:39.279 --> 01:43:42.140
halfway there, then you turn the spaceship around,

01:43:42.420 --> 01:43:45.800
then you decelerate at 1G for the other half

01:43:45.800 --> 01:43:47.199
of the trip so that when you get there, you're

01:43:47.199 --> 01:43:50.800
not whizzing past it in a flyby. Okay? That way

01:43:50.800 --> 01:43:52.640
you have 1G the whole trip. That's how you would

01:43:52.640 --> 01:43:56.260
do that. Wow. So the momentum when you would

01:43:56.260 --> 01:43:58.039
precisely hit halfway there. If you accelerate

01:43:58.039 --> 01:44:00.159
it at 1G, oh, my gosh, you hit near the speed

01:44:00.159 --> 01:44:03.619
of light very quickly. Whoa. I mean, I forgot.

01:44:03.699 --> 01:44:06.239
What is it? I have to calculate it. But it's

01:44:06.239 --> 01:44:11.220
the acceleration of Earth's gravity. If you actually

01:44:11.220 --> 01:44:15.380
move that fast, that's head snapping. Now, would

01:44:15.380 --> 01:44:17.239
they have to have some sort of a crazy propulsion

01:44:17.239 --> 01:44:19.140
system in order to do something along those lines?

01:44:19.420 --> 01:44:23.579
How fast will 1G get you there? One year. Yeah,

01:44:23.579 --> 01:44:30.340
so 1G would take one year. Plus the distance

01:44:30.340 --> 01:44:33.279
in light years. Proxima and Centauri, 4 .2 light

01:44:33.279 --> 01:44:35.659
years, for example, would take 5 .2 years. So

01:44:35.659 --> 01:44:37.819
the distance in light years plus a year. Wow,

01:44:37.819 --> 01:44:42.699
that's crazy. So that gets you basically 20.

01:44:43.229 --> 01:44:45.310
25 % the speed of light. But what happens if

01:44:45.310 --> 01:44:47.149
you just run into stuff on the way? There's a

01:44:47.149 --> 01:44:49.090
lot of stuff out there, right? Isn't that a giant

01:44:49.090 --> 01:44:51.250
issue in getting to Mars? Well, space is actually

01:44:51.250 --> 01:44:53.649
quite empty, but if you do hit something, that's

01:44:53.649 --> 01:44:57.109
the end of everything. So it's a low risk, high

01:44:57.109 --> 01:45:00.819
consequence. Right. That you got to put in play.

01:45:01.060 --> 01:45:03.239
Now, how much of a risk is the space junk that

01:45:03.239 --> 01:45:04.739
we've left in the environment? Oh, don't get

01:45:04.739 --> 01:45:06.239
me started. We were freaking out the other day

01:45:06.239 --> 01:45:08.760
about how many pieces are up there. There's countless

01:45:08.760 --> 01:45:12.460
thousands of bits of space junk. Yeah. From chips

01:45:12.460 --> 01:45:15.239
of paint that fell off of space. To bolts. To

01:45:15.239 --> 01:45:18.640
bolts and nails and. Retro rocket boosters. Yeah,

01:45:18.779 --> 01:45:20.979
it's all up there. And I'm wondering whether

01:45:20.979 --> 01:45:22.920
we haven't been visited by aliens yet because

01:45:22.920 --> 01:45:25.119
they saw the space junk orbiting Earth and said,

01:45:25.140 --> 01:45:27.600
forget that. I'm going to visit someone. other

01:45:27.600 --> 01:45:31.060
planet i'm gonna risk my life crazy short -sighted

01:45:31.060 --> 01:45:33.420
approach to space travel so if you bring up the

01:45:33.420 --> 01:45:37.100
nasa orbital debris office website you can actually

01:45:37.100 --> 01:45:40.159
see the debris that nasa's tracking basic almost

01:45:40.159 --> 01:45:43.439
in real time it's crazy and it's it's like a

01:45:43.439 --> 01:45:48.439
beehive around the earth so you got yeah there

01:45:48.439 --> 01:45:50.880
it is okay that's the debris around the earth

01:45:50.880 --> 01:45:54.649
that actually asked that nasa tracks It was a

01:45:54.649 --> 01:45:57.329
failed Japanese experiment to try to... And that

01:45:57.329 --> 01:46:00.430
outer ring that you see, that's the altitude

01:46:00.430 --> 01:46:03.609
of geosynchronous satellites. And that inner...

01:46:03.609 --> 01:46:08.630
There should be a video of that. Yeah, go to

01:46:08.630 --> 01:46:10.329
the bottom right. Go to the bottom right. Right

01:46:10.329 --> 01:46:13.109
there. Click on that. Play that video. It's not

01:46:13.109 --> 01:46:16.069
a video. Why isn't that a video? I'm sure there

01:46:16.069 --> 01:46:17.829
is a video somewhere. Yeah, there's a video on

01:46:17.829 --> 01:46:22.720
that site. So you can just see... The movement

01:46:22.720 --> 01:46:25.359
of these pieces. And so launch windows have to

01:46:25.359 --> 01:46:28.420
know when to not hit stuff. Oh, jeez. So when

01:46:28.420 --> 01:46:30.359
you have launch windows, it's not just is everything

01:46:30.359 --> 01:46:33.300
aligned right. It's will you successfully get

01:46:33.300 --> 01:46:38.319
past the debris. And there was a Japanese, they

01:46:38.319 --> 01:46:40.880
had an experiment to try to capture it with nets.

01:46:40.960 --> 01:46:44.500
It was a recent mission. Oh, yeah. Didn't work.

01:46:44.600 --> 01:46:49.699
Yeah. So the problem is the low orbit stuff will

01:46:49.699 --> 01:46:52.390
eventually. fall in and burn up. The higher orbit

01:46:52.390 --> 01:46:54.949
stuff will never go away. There's nothing to

01:46:54.949 --> 01:46:57.609
destroy it. And so they can't capture that stuff?

01:46:57.829 --> 01:47:00.250
Well, you need a very clever... The stuff is

01:47:00.250 --> 01:47:03.829
moving 18 ,000 miles an hour. So, what's your

01:47:03.829 --> 01:47:07.729
net... What are you doing? That's so crazy. Oh,

01:47:07.729 --> 01:47:09.390
yeah, there you go. There's the video. Oh, my

01:47:09.390 --> 01:47:13.810
God. Go higher res on that. I know there's a

01:47:13.810 --> 01:47:18.859
higher res. Oh, God. That's 1080? No, it's not.

01:47:18.979 --> 01:47:20.720
It's not from NASA's YouTube panel. It's from

01:47:20.720 --> 01:47:23.140
somebody else. Okay, somebody else. So all of

01:47:23.140 --> 01:47:25.279
that's debris that you're looking at there. So

01:47:25.279 --> 01:47:27.319
anyway, yeah, so your concern for debris is well

01:47:27.319 --> 01:47:30.779
placed. And we may be putting so much debris

01:47:30.779 --> 01:47:34.800
in space that we will close ourselves off from

01:47:34.800 --> 01:47:37.039
space travel because of the dangers it would

01:47:37.039 --> 01:47:43.880
take to get through our own garbage heap. That's

01:47:43.880 --> 01:47:47.100
so crazy. And this was all started in the 1940s.

01:47:48.369 --> 01:47:50.029
1950s? Like, when did they start shooting stuff

01:47:50.029 --> 01:47:54.170
up there? Oh, no, 1950s. Sputnik. Yeah. 1957.

01:47:54.270 --> 01:47:56.050
That was the first satellite, right? First anything,

01:47:56.250 --> 01:47:59.210
yeah. First anything in orbit. Oh, God. In that

01:47:59.210 --> 01:48:03.170
short amount of time. Yeah. That's crazy. Yeah,

01:48:03.310 --> 01:48:07.250
it's like a dumpster. 60 years. Planetary dumpster.

01:48:07.270 --> 01:48:08.430
They ruined the whole thing. Ruined the whole

01:48:08.430 --> 01:48:10.069
thing. They've had it for billions of years.

01:48:10.470 --> 01:48:13.029
60 years, they filled it up with junk. Okay,

01:48:13.329 --> 01:48:16.640
there it is. Oh, my God. That's terrifying. Yeah,

01:48:16.760 --> 01:48:19.420
that's going around the earth. Oh, my God. All

01:48:19.420 --> 01:48:22.119
of that. Oh, my God. And has anybody ever hit

01:48:22.119 --> 01:48:24.520
anything while trying to do something? Well,

01:48:24.760 --> 01:48:29.319
so what exacerbates it is remember when China,

01:48:29.399 --> 01:48:35.920
when was this? 19, 2004, 2003? China destroyed

01:48:35.920 --> 01:48:39.579
one of its own satellites. Yeah, what was that

01:48:39.579 --> 01:48:42.520
about? I remember some of that. Yeah, yeah. And

01:48:42.520 --> 01:48:46.000
they basically did a kinetic kill on a satellite.

01:48:46.399 --> 01:48:48.380
So a kinetic kill, for those who don't know,

01:48:48.479 --> 01:48:51.779
is you don't need explosives if the speed of

01:48:51.779 --> 01:48:55.100
the projectile and its kinetic energy is higher

01:48:55.100 --> 01:48:56.680
than the energy that would be in the explosive

01:48:56.680 --> 01:49:03.899
shell itself. Oh. So it was a fascinating. calculation

01:49:03.899 --> 01:49:07.460
to make so so here it is so I have this delivery

01:49:07.460 --> 01:49:11.460
system with a warhead and I put some bomb device

01:49:11.460 --> 01:49:13.079
in the warhead and you can calculate how much

01:49:13.079 --> 01:49:15.479
energy that is then I send it and it hits and

01:49:15.479 --> 01:49:18.079
it blows something up but suppose I send this

01:49:18.079 --> 01:49:21.279
thing really really fast really really really

01:49:21.279 --> 01:49:24.500
fast I can calculate how much kinetic energy

01:49:24.500 --> 01:49:27.520
this thing has there will be a point where I

01:49:27.520 --> 01:49:29.979
give it so much kinetic energy the kinetic energy

01:49:29.979 --> 01:49:34.380
is greater Than the chemical energy of the conventional

01:49:34.380 --> 01:49:38.140
explosive that I put in the warhead. Oh, like

01:49:38.140 --> 01:49:41.899
Shoemaker -Levy. Well, for example. I'll give

01:49:41.899 --> 01:49:45.439
you a terrestrial example. Okay. It's what we

01:49:45.439 --> 01:49:48.640
call a high -speed collision. This is more than

01:49:48.640 --> 01:49:50.479
you bargained for in our time together, but I'm

01:49:50.479 --> 01:49:51.539
going to tell you. No, it isn't. Okay, you ready?

01:49:51.859 --> 01:49:56.000
Perfect. The argument for the longest time that

01:49:56.000 --> 01:50:00.619
the craters on the moon were calderas. from volcanoes

01:50:00.619 --> 01:50:05.800
and not asteroid impacts. The geologists argue

01:50:05.800 --> 01:50:08.340
strenuously these can't be asteroid impacts.

01:50:08.640 --> 01:50:11.979
They've got to be calderas, these thousand craters

01:50:11.979 --> 01:50:15.739
on the moon. Well, why? Because everyone is a

01:50:15.739 --> 01:50:20.659
perfect circle. And if asteroids are coming from

01:50:20.659 --> 01:50:24.079
space, they would come from all angles. And if

01:50:24.079 --> 01:50:26.180
you come in at a shallow angle, you get an oval.

01:50:27.260 --> 01:50:29.699
And even shallower would be more oval. So you'd

01:50:29.699 --> 01:50:32.680
have a whole range of circles and ovals and ellipses.

01:50:32.840 --> 01:50:37.340
You don't see that. They must be calderas. Explain

01:50:37.340 --> 01:50:39.760
a caldera. It's a volcano that explodes and it

01:50:39.760 --> 01:50:42.100
leads a crater. Volcanic crater. Like Yellowstone.

01:50:42.399 --> 01:50:44.840
Yeah, yeah. It's a volcanic crater. That's all.

01:50:46.500 --> 01:50:49.420
And it's a little more poetic, a caldera. But

01:50:49.420 --> 01:50:52.760
it's a crater left by a volcano that has exploded.

01:50:53.039 --> 01:50:55.520
Like the boom was so big, the mountain's gone,

01:50:55.659 --> 01:50:57.939
and now it's just a big hole. Or at the top of

01:50:57.939 --> 01:50:59.359
the mountain, there's a crater at the top of

01:50:59.359 --> 01:51:01.939
the mountain, like Crater Lake. That's a round

01:51:01.939 --> 01:51:05.560
hole in the top of a mountain. Was that once

01:51:05.560 --> 01:51:07.420
a volcano? I don't know, but it's a hole. Okay?

01:51:07.699 --> 01:51:11.939
So, in the 1970s, we were able to do calculations

01:51:11.939 --> 01:51:15.140
with high -speed computers. Good computers. And

01:51:15.140 --> 01:51:21.340
what we found was if the object is moving faster,

01:51:21.659 --> 01:51:27.380
if the kinetic energy of the object is higher

01:51:27.380 --> 01:51:31.100
than the energy that's holding the thing together.

01:51:32.500 --> 01:51:36.600
Ooh. Okay. So what's holding together a rock?

01:51:36.779 --> 01:51:41.569
The chemical. of the silicon and the oxygen and

01:51:41.569 --> 01:51:43.909
the iron, everything that's making the rock,

01:51:43.989 --> 01:51:45.770
that's holding it together, you can calculate

01:51:45.770 --> 01:51:48.409
how much energy is holding it together. And if

01:51:48.409 --> 01:51:50.189
it's going 45 ,000 miles an hour. So write down

01:51:50.189 --> 01:51:54.430
that number. Now I send in the asteroid with

01:51:54.430 --> 01:51:58.010
a kinetic energy higher than the energy that's

01:51:58.010 --> 01:52:03.800
holding it together on impact. it explodes. Because

01:52:03.800 --> 01:52:07.399
all that energy goes back into the rock because

01:52:07.399 --> 01:52:09.600
the thing isn't moving anymore. Where did the

01:52:09.600 --> 01:52:12.680
kinetic energy go? It digs a crater, number one,

01:52:12.680 --> 01:52:16.920
by virtue of putting all that energy back into

01:52:16.920 --> 01:52:21.279
the stone and that explodes it. So on impact,

01:52:21.420 --> 01:52:24.000
even at an angle, it is a singular point explosion.

01:52:24.380 --> 01:52:26.840
And that's why every single crater is a perfect

01:52:26.840 --> 01:52:30.670
circle. We call that a high -speed impact. Where

01:52:30.670 --> 01:52:33.430
the speed is greater. The energy of the speed

01:52:33.430 --> 01:52:35.590
is greater than the energy that's holding it

01:52:35.590 --> 01:52:38.390
together. That's amazing. Now, you have experience

01:52:38.390 --> 01:52:42.890
in this. Okay? Have you ever thrown a... Do this

01:52:42.890 --> 01:52:45.470
next... Oh, we're in California. Sorry. Snowballs?

01:52:45.630 --> 01:52:47.670
Snowballs. Take a snowball. Go to Big Bear. They

01:52:47.670 --> 01:52:51.289
have snowballs up there. And face a barn wall

01:52:51.289 --> 01:52:54.090
and throw the snowball at it. And it'll make

01:52:54.090 --> 01:52:57.310
a little circular mark on it. Now, change your

01:52:57.310 --> 01:53:00.640
angle to the wall. And throw the snowball again.

01:53:00.800 --> 01:53:04.100
It'll still make a small round mark. And it'll

01:53:04.100 --> 01:53:06.859
keep doing it. You know why? Because the speed

01:53:06.859 --> 01:53:09.359
with which you threw the snowball, that energy

01:53:09.359 --> 01:53:11.460
is greater than the energy that's holding the

01:53:11.460 --> 01:53:15.079
snowball together. Because hardly any energy

01:53:15.079 --> 01:53:18.359
is holding the snowball together. It's just loosely

01:53:18.359 --> 01:53:22.409
packed snow. So when you do it against the wall,

01:53:22.470 --> 01:53:25.289
you see the snowball completely disappear in

01:53:25.289 --> 01:53:29.470
a mini snowball explosion, if you will. So this

01:53:29.470 --> 01:53:33.630
works for any comparison of projectile speed

01:53:33.630 --> 01:53:36.489
and what we call the binding energy of the object

01:53:36.489 --> 01:53:39.090
itself. This is why the intercontinental ballistic

01:53:39.090 --> 01:53:42.310
missiles never carried conventional warheads.

01:53:43.029 --> 01:53:47.520
Because their speed coming out. Of space, because

01:53:47.520 --> 01:53:49.779
they leave the atmosphere, go from one continent

01:53:49.779 --> 01:53:51.340
to the other, and then they fall out of the sky.

01:53:51.520 --> 01:53:54.720
That speed gives them more kinetic energy than

01:53:54.720 --> 01:53:56.819
any conventional warhead would have had. Whoa.

01:53:57.000 --> 01:53:59.180
But then we figured out how to make small nuclear

01:53:59.180 --> 01:54:02.960
warheads. The nukes. Now you're talking energy.

01:54:04.500 --> 01:54:08.239
The kinetic energy of the ICBM is not higher

01:54:08.239 --> 01:54:10.579
than the nuclear warhead that we now put in.

01:54:10.600 --> 01:54:16.310
That's why all ICBMs are nukes. Wow. The V2 rocket

01:54:16.310 --> 01:54:19.229
basically didn't need an explosive warhead in

01:54:19.229 --> 01:54:22.670
its tip. It came out of the sky going five miles

01:54:22.670 --> 01:54:27.229
per second. There was none of this. That implies

01:54:27.229 --> 01:54:30.090
you're hearing the thing. It's coming in supersonically.

01:54:30.270 --> 01:54:32.729
Whoa. You're sitting there at a cocktail table

01:54:32.729 --> 01:54:35.130
on a block, and then the block is obliterated

01:54:35.130 --> 01:54:37.430
in the next instant. You didn't even know to

01:54:37.430 --> 01:54:42.329
look up. Wow. And they add an explosive anyway.

01:54:43.130 --> 01:54:45.470
They probably didn't need to. Now, to go back

01:54:45.470 --> 01:54:47.689
to Shoemaker -Levy, that was a comet that slammed

01:54:47.689 --> 01:54:50.529
into Jupiter. Now, Jupiter's a gas giant. I've

01:54:50.529 --> 01:54:53.109
always been confused as to what that means. Oh,

01:54:53.149 --> 01:54:55.430
most of its mass is in the form of gas. Most

01:54:55.430 --> 01:54:57.069
of its mass. Oh, yeah, 90 -something percent.

01:54:57.670 --> 01:55:00.850
So when Shoemaker -Levy slammed into Jupiter

01:55:00.850 --> 01:55:02.329
and made an explosion... It was going so fast,

01:55:02.350 --> 01:55:04.550
the gaseous atmosphere was like hitting a brick

01:55:04.550 --> 01:55:09.489
wall. Whoa. That's how fast it was moving. So

01:55:09.489 --> 01:55:11.510
that's why the explosion was bigger than Earth.

01:55:11.770 --> 01:55:15.710
Exactly. So all of its kinetic energy that it

01:55:15.710 --> 01:55:20.449
had got put back into the object itself because

01:55:20.449 --> 01:55:24.189
it slowed down very quickly relative to its speed.

01:55:25.430 --> 01:55:28.970
So here's this comet. I forgot how big Shoemaker

01:55:28.970 --> 01:55:31.310
-Levy was. So now it goes into the atmosphere

01:55:31.310 --> 01:55:34.109
and you say, oh, isn't it just clouds? Watch

01:55:34.109 --> 01:55:38.369
how fast it's going. You can ask the question.

01:55:38.960 --> 01:55:42.020
Over how much distance will it plow through its

01:55:42.020 --> 01:55:47.500
own mass worth of gas? That's a question, right?

01:55:47.739 --> 01:55:51.060
Right. It has to plow that much mass out of the

01:55:51.060 --> 01:55:53.479
way. That's an important resistive force, right?

01:55:53.640 --> 01:55:57.199
Yeah. So how much atmosphere? That's a lot of

01:55:57.199 --> 01:55:59.439
atmosphere because it's gas and this thing is

01:55:59.439 --> 01:56:03.020
solid. However, the thing is going, what, 15,

01:56:03.119 --> 01:56:06.640
20 miles per second? It's falling into Jupiter

01:56:06.640 --> 01:56:09.260
at 20 miles, whatever the speed was. If you go

01:56:09.260 --> 01:56:11.399
at 20 miles per second, you will cover that much

01:56:11.399 --> 01:56:15.640
atmosphere in a fraction of a second. So in a

01:56:15.640 --> 01:56:17.279
fraction of a second, you go from 20 miles per

01:56:17.279 --> 01:56:20.399
second to zero. Or to a tiny fraction of that

01:56:20.399 --> 01:56:22.640
speed, all that energy has to go somewhere. It

01:56:22.640 --> 01:56:25.260
goes back into the system. It's a comet made

01:56:25.260 --> 01:56:27.739
of ice. Ice is not held together very easily.

01:56:27.899 --> 01:56:30.800
The whole thing explodes on impact. That was

01:56:30.800 --> 01:56:34.329
another terrifying... statistic that i read about

01:56:34.329 --> 01:56:36.649
the impact that hit the yucatan and killed the

01:56:36.649 --> 01:56:39.829
dinosaurs that how deep it had gone into the

01:56:39.829 --> 01:56:42.170
earth's surface within the first second oh oh

01:56:42.170 --> 01:56:44.470
yeah these are these are numbers that are staggering

01:56:44.470 --> 01:56:47.449
once you calculate what they are and like i said

01:56:47.449 --> 01:56:49.449
if you come in fast enough earth's atmosphere

01:56:49.449 --> 01:56:51.630
is a brick might as well be a brick wall to you

01:56:52.490 --> 01:56:55.250
And, by the way, you go 60 miles an hour down

01:56:55.250 --> 01:56:57.470
the road, roll down the window, just stick your

01:56:57.470 --> 01:57:00.329
hand out the window. You have to use muscle energy

01:57:00.329 --> 01:57:04.569
to not have your hand blown backwards against

01:57:04.569 --> 01:57:08.890
60 miles an hour of air against your open palm.

01:57:09.329 --> 01:57:12.170
Just try that next time. See what kind of energy

01:57:12.170 --> 01:57:16.210
that requires. And that's 60 miles an hour. Now

01:57:16.210 --> 01:57:19.710
imagine 5 miles per second, 10 miles per second.

01:57:20.640 --> 01:57:27.100
20 miles per second. You're toast. How deep did

01:57:27.100 --> 01:57:29.739
the asteroid that hit and killed the dinosaurs,

01:57:29.960 --> 01:57:31.579
how deep did that thing go in the first second?

01:57:31.720 --> 01:57:33.899
Oh, so what was that? That was a 150 -mile diameter

01:57:33.899 --> 01:57:35.680
crater, something like that. I forgot the exact

01:57:35.680 --> 01:57:39.340
numbers. So there's a relationship between the

01:57:39.340 --> 01:57:41.199
depth of the crater and the diameter and the

01:57:41.199 --> 01:57:43.979
mass of the thing. So, no, it goes miles down.

01:57:44.199 --> 01:57:47.819
I mean, it's... Miles. Oh, yeah. Oh, yeah. Well,

01:57:47.939 --> 01:57:50.260
let me think. An Earth rang for like a million

01:57:50.260 --> 01:57:53.079
years. What happens is, let me take that back.

01:57:53.140 --> 01:57:58.880
I don't know if it's miles. I think it was when

01:57:58.880 --> 01:58:00.760
I read. I don't remember the exact statistic.

01:58:01.180 --> 01:58:02.619
Excuse me. No, no. It's got to go miles down

01:58:02.619 --> 01:58:07.220
because the thing is miles. The asteroid itself

01:58:07.220 --> 01:58:09.720
was the size of Mount Everest. So the asteroid

01:58:09.720 --> 01:58:13.140
itself is like five miles across. So it's deep.

01:58:13.239 --> 01:58:14.680
No, you just don't mess with this. By the way,

01:58:14.699 --> 01:58:17.850
the crater in Arizona. called Meteor Crater for

01:58:17.850 --> 01:58:21.369
obvious reasons, that can sink a 60 -story building.

01:58:21.970 --> 01:58:24.310
And that's not even a mile across. And now we're

01:58:24.310 --> 01:58:26.090
talking about a crater more than 100 miles across

01:58:26.090 --> 01:58:28.609
that took out the dinosaurs. That famous one

01:58:28.609 --> 01:58:31.550
in Arizona can sink a 60 -story building? If

01:58:31.550 --> 01:58:34.649
you put dirt up to the rim of that crater, you

01:58:34.649 --> 01:58:36.310
can bury a 60 -story building. Wasn't that an

01:58:36.310 --> 01:58:39.310
instance where, this is your whole calculation

01:58:39.310 --> 01:58:41.149
about explosions and about the amount of energy,

01:58:41.310 --> 01:58:45.760
they were looking for the... raw materials that

01:58:45.760 --> 01:58:47.579
caused that crater. Correct. Because they thought

01:58:47.579 --> 01:58:49.880
that they could mine it. Correct. They first

01:58:49.880 --> 01:58:52.520
thought it was volcanic, and the geologists thought

01:58:52.520 --> 01:58:56.199
it was volcanic again. But one geologist, in

01:58:56.199 --> 01:59:00.119
particular Eugene Shoemaker, who was in line

01:59:00.119 --> 01:59:01.800
to be on one of the lunar missions, and then

01:59:01.800 --> 01:59:03.760
he had like a heart murmur, and then they sent

01:59:03.760 --> 01:59:07.760
Jack Schmidt in his stead, who was also a geologist

01:59:07.760 --> 01:59:13.819
turned U .S. Senator from Arizona? Where is he

01:59:13.819 --> 01:59:17.579
senator from? I forgot. But can you look at Jack

01:59:17.579 --> 01:59:19.600
Schmidt, where he was senator from? Forgive me,

01:59:19.600 --> 01:59:22.119
because I'm friends with him, so I should have

01:59:22.119 --> 01:59:25.979
known that. NASA. Jack Schmidt. S -C -H -M -I

01:59:25.979 --> 01:59:31.420
-T -T. There's no D in it. Mexico? Yeah, so I

01:59:31.420 --> 01:59:33.380
was right. Oh, I said Arizona, so New Mexico.

01:59:36.560 --> 01:59:39.420
But anyhow, he's saying, no, this is an impact

01:59:39.420 --> 01:59:42.340
crater. And well, if it's an impact crater, where

01:59:42.340 --> 01:59:45.819
is the meteorite? It must be buried down here.

01:59:45.920 --> 01:59:49.300
And so there were miners. There were iron miners

01:59:49.300 --> 01:59:53.720
who bought the land so they can get this huge

01:59:53.720 --> 01:59:57.220
meteor that they were sure was just sitting down

01:59:57.220 --> 01:59:59.420
there that they could mine for its natural resource.

01:59:59.600 --> 02:00:02.899
They could not find the meteor. That's because

02:00:02.899 --> 02:00:06.260
it hit. At high speed velocity. It was a high

02:00:06.260 --> 02:00:08.439
velocity impact, which means its collision energy

02:00:08.439 --> 02:00:10.579
was greater than the binding energy even of the

02:00:10.579 --> 02:00:16.460
iron atoms itself. And 90 % of that thing vaporized

02:00:16.460 --> 02:00:21.340
on impact. Wow. Oh, my brain just went like this.

02:00:21.340 --> 02:00:25.699
There it is. There it is. Wow. That looks more

02:00:25.699 --> 02:00:28.279
impressive even than I remember it. Okay, there

02:00:28.279 --> 02:00:30.960
are pieces. That's a nice low angle shot so you

02:00:30.960 --> 02:00:33.239
get the shadows of the rim. That's in Arizona.

02:00:33.539 --> 02:00:35.319
Where in Arizona? It's near Winslow, Arizona.

02:00:35.800 --> 02:00:37.859
Where would that be near? Is that like if someone

02:00:37.859 --> 02:00:41.319
wanted to fly in to see that? Oh, here it is.

02:00:41.399 --> 02:00:44.420
If you go to the Grand Canyon, then you drive

02:00:44.420 --> 02:00:46.340
to this and it's a couple hours, a few hours.

02:00:46.520 --> 02:00:47.880
Okay, there's Meteor Crater. I might have to

02:00:47.880 --> 02:00:50.180
go. The map is coming up. And where's the Grand

02:00:50.180 --> 02:00:55.100
Canyon? There's Meteor Crater. and Grand Canyon,

02:00:55.199 --> 02:00:59.779
which is also in Arizona. Flagstaff. You can

02:00:59.779 --> 02:01:02.279
drive that. See that? Grand Canyon to Meteor

02:01:02.279 --> 02:01:05.159
Crater through Flagstaff. Yeah. So you're not

02:01:05.159 --> 02:01:06.939
going to fly that. You just drive it. It has

02:01:06.939 --> 02:01:09.340
Yelp reviews? Look at that. Look at that. Look

02:01:09.340 --> 02:01:11.260
at that. It's got five stars. You can't Yelp

02:01:11.260 --> 02:01:13.659
review a crater. Look at it. Come on now. Look.

02:01:13.720 --> 02:01:16.329
Why doesn't it have all the stars? Look. I know

02:01:16.329 --> 02:01:18.409
it should have every goddamn star ever. No! Only

02:01:18.409 --> 02:01:20.689
3 .9. People are so picky. It's a fucking meteor

02:01:20.689 --> 02:01:23.310
crater! It's not that big a deal, man. I could

02:01:23.310 --> 02:01:26.289
dig a hole better myself. Oh, by the way, so

02:01:26.289 --> 02:01:28.890
this hole was, this meteor crater was dug in

02:01:28.890 --> 02:01:32.489
like, you know, a few seconds. This crater was

02:01:32.489 --> 02:01:35.909
made. Yeah. Just... And how many years ago was

02:01:35.909 --> 02:01:37.909
that? 50 ,000 years ago. That's nothing. Approximately.

02:01:37.970 --> 02:01:41.170
Nothing. Wow. There's probably some form of human

02:01:41.170 --> 02:01:43.640
living here then. Oh, yeah, yeah, early humans.

02:01:44.739 --> 02:01:46.680
Maybe. I don't know if they were in North America

02:01:46.680 --> 02:01:48.960
yet. They say 40 ,000 is the most recent, right?

02:01:49.239 --> 02:01:50.779
Yeah, it depends on when they crossed the Bering

02:01:50.779 --> 02:01:53.079
Strait. Yeah. That's when they would have just

02:01:53.079 --> 02:01:55.720
arrived. They would have said, oh, that's cool,

02:01:55.760 --> 02:01:58.579
I'm going back. Have you gone to that? Oh, yeah,

02:01:58.600 --> 02:02:01.659
multiple times. Oh, yeah. Is it freaky? What's

02:02:01.659 --> 02:02:04.060
freaky about it is you walk up to it, you can't

02:02:04.060 --> 02:02:06.460
see it because the rim of the crater, it just

02:02:06.460 --> 02:02:09.899
looks like a ridge, a ridgeline. Ah. The rim

02:02:09.899 --> 02:02:12.819
is raised above the plane of the area, right?

02:02:13.039 --> 02:02:15.000
Because when you press down, it raises it up

02:02:15.000 --> 02:02:17.340
a bit. So you just walk up to it, and then you

02:02:17.340 --> 02:02:22.060
come up to the ledge. And then it's like... And

02:02:22.060 --> 02:02:24.560
you realize what it is. This is nearly a mile

02:02:24.560 --> 02:02:27.380
diameter hole in the ground. Oh, my God. Oh,

02:02:27.380 --> 02:02:31.899
yeah. It's a stunning encounter with the forces

02:02:31.899 --> 02:02:34.680
of nature. And the fact that there's so many

02:02:34.680 --> 02:02:36.979
of those particles just floating around out there.

02:02:37.439 --> 02:02:39.159
That could easily just slam right in? That was

02:02:39.159 --> 02:02:41.460
nothing. How big was that one, you think? Oh,

02:02:41.460 --> 02:02:50.579
yeah. That was about 20 yards across, something

02:02:50.579 --> 02:02:53.359
like that. Oh, my God. That's nothing. That's

02:02:53.359 --> 02:02:56.420
nothing. That's it? 20 yards? Yeah, between 20

02:02:56.420 --> 02:02:58.840
and 40 yards. 20 yards is the size of this building.

02:02:58.840 --> 02:03:01.359
Oh, yeah. That's right. From that garage to that

02:03:01.359 --> 02:03:06.239
front door is exactly 19 yards. Yeah. Yeah. Wow.

02:03:07.460 --> 02:03:10.479
That's crazy. Right. And that's the kind of thing

02:03:10.479 --> 02:03:11.899
that can get close enough that you don't even

02:03:11.899 --> 02:03:14.579
see, and then it's too late. Of course, that's

02:03:14.579 --> 02:03:16.199
not going to render you extinct. That's not going

02:03:16.199 --> 02:03:17.960
to make us extinct, but it'll make a very bad

02:03:17.960 --> 02:03:20.960
day for a city. Yeah. Okay? Well, yeah, a city's

02:03:20.960 --> 02:03:23.500
done, and most likely the power grid's jacked

02:03:23.500 --> 02:03:26.720
for a long time, too. Right. Now - What time

02:03:26.720 --> 02:03:28.960
is that? Is my plane left yet? No, you have 10

02:03:28.960 --> 02:03:30.880
more minutes. Okay. I had to get the Stephen

02:03:30.880 --> 02:03:34.079
Hawking's quote out for you. Stephen Hawking

02:03:34.079 --> 02:03:38.180
was talking about the - the possibility of alien

02:03:38.180 --> 02:03:41.720
life discovering us and that it would be a terrible,

02:03:41.779 --> 02:03:44.359
terrible thing if it did happen. If you look

02:03:44.359 --> 02:03:47.300
at what has happened to other primitive life

02:03:47.300 --> 02:03:49.380
forms and we discovered them, primitive cultures

02:03:49.380 --> 02:03:51.619
and we've discovered them. Do you share that

02:03:51.619 --> 02:03:54.800
same opinion that if something did find us? I

02:03:54.800 --> 02:03:56.840
don't have a strong opinion on that question,

02:03:56.939 --> 02:03:59.239
but I have an analysis of his comment. Okay.

02:03:59.779 --> 02:04:06.859
He is worried about the possibility. of aliens

02:04:06.859 --> 02:04:15.039
enslaving us based on the reality that we've

02:04:15.039 --> 02:04:17.600
done that to ourselves. Yes. Just think about

02:04:17.600 --> 02:04:21.840
that. His fear of aliens derives not from actual

02:04:21.840 --> 02:04:24.439
knowledge of aliens, but from an actual knowledge

02:04:24.439 --> 02:04:28.569
of ourselves. Any time a more advanced civilization

02:04:28.569 --> 02:04:31.189
has come upon a less technologically advanced

02:04:31.189 --> 02:04:33.930
civilization, it did not bode well for the less

02:04:33.930 --> 02:04:36.050
advanced civilization. And that happened in North

02:04:36.050 --> 02:04:39.270
America, South America, North America with Europeans,

02:04:39.670 --> 02:04:44.109
South America, the Spanish, Australia with the

02:04:44.109 --> 02:04:49.829
Brits. It never boded well for the less technologically

02:04:49.829 --> 02:04:52.550
advanced civilization. His factual knowledge

02:04:52.550 --> 02:04:57.369
of that. leads him to suspect that aliens would

02:04:57.369 --> 02:05:01.710
be exactly the same and I I'm not that skeptical

02:05:01.710 --> 02:05:04.909
I Don't think all life forms in the universe

02:05:04.909 --> 02:05:14.069
have the basil Primal violent attitudes that

02:05:14.069 --> 02:05:16.710
we do as a species. I've not been given reason

02:05:16.710 --> 02:05:19.699
to think so, but don't you believe that? Things

02:05:19.699 --> 02:05:21.840
advance because of competition and competition

02:05:21.840 --> 02:05:24.500
forces things to be fairly ruthless. It has been

02:05:24.500 --> 02:05:27.699
argued that if you colonize, if you're a civilization

02:05:27.699 --> 02:05:32.479
that colonizes the galaxy, that it's a self -limiting

02:05:32.479 --> 02:05:37.109
exercise. Why? Because here you go. You ready?

02:05:37.170 --> 02:05:39.369
We start here on Earth. It's you and me, boy.

02:05:39.609 --> 02:05:42.409
All right? And you take that planet. I take this

02:05:42.409 --> 02:05:45.050
planet. And now we both have offspring that are

02:05:45.050 --> 02:05:48.189
just like us. And we want more planets. All right?

02:05:48.270 --> 02:05:53.149
We reach a point where expansion is not possible

02:05:53.149 --> 02:05:57.470
because we are warring with ourselves to gain

02:05:57.470 --> 02:06:01.630
the territory that each other has obtained. So

02:06:01.630 --> 02:06:05.659
it has been argued sociologically. that the very

02:06:05.659 --> 02:06:10.659
act of wanting to colonize is self -limiting

02:06:10.659 --> 02:06:14.159
against successful colonization of the galaxy.

02:06:14.380 --> 02:06:16.100
Because to colonize the galaxy, it has to be

02:06:16.100 --> 02:06:19.000
done in an organized way. You take this sector,

02:06:19.079 --> 02:06:21.380
I take this sector. But if I want territory and

02:06:21.380 --> 02:06:24.659
I want it now, and my kids want it now, I want

02:06:24.659 --> 02:06:26.819
that territory, not this other one. In fact,

02:06:26.840 --> 02:06:31.380
I want it all. That kind of attitude breeds violence.

02:06:31.520 --> 02:06:37.960
It breeds war. intragalactic war. So it may be

02:06:37.960 --> 02:06:42.260
that the very kind of civilization that could

02:06:42.260 --> 02:06:46.140
peacefully colonize a galaxy is not the kind

02:06:46.140 --> 02:06:47.859
of civilization that would colonize the galaxy

02:06:47.859 --> 02:06:51.399
at all. Oof, that's heavy. Very heavy. What about

02:06:51.399 --> 02:06:54.359
the idea that any advanced... That's my first

02:06:54.359 --> 02:06:57.159
comment about Stephen Hawking. He made another

02:06:57.159 --> 02:06:59.260
comment about we should be a multi -planet species

02:06:59.260 --> 02:07:03.020
to protect ourselves. against an asteroid rendering

02:07:03.020 --> 02:07:06.100
one extinct. It makes a good headline, and it

02:07:06.100 --> 02:07:09.680
sounds like it makes sense, but I'm not there

02:07:09.680 --> 02:07:12.520
with it. Yeah, of course I want it. Back up.

02:07:12.760 --> 02:07:14.659
Of course. Let's be a multi -planet species.

02:07:15.079 --> 02:07:17.439
Fine. But I would do it for different reasons.

02:07:17.500 --> 02:07:19.140
I would do it because it's cool, not because

02:07:19.140 --> 02:07:23.810
I want to protect. human species from extinction.

02:07:24.369 --> 02:07:26.630
No, that wouldn't be the reason to do it. Can

02:07:26.630 --> 02:07:28.970
I tell you why? Please. List every reason why

02:07:28.970 --> 02:07:31.210
you think we go extinct. One, we trash Earth.

02:07:31.449 --> 02:07:34.649
And we can't live off of it anymore. An asteroid

02:07:34.649 --> 02:07:37.649
is coming. There's some nanobot gone astray.

02:07:37.710 --> 02:07:44.569
Okay? Pandemic. Virus pandemic. Okay. So, it

02:07:44.569 --> 02:07:47.649
seems to me that if... We want to be a multi

02:07:47.649 --> 02:07:49.310
-planet species. Mars would be the one because

02:07:49.310 --> 02:07:53.310
it's a 24 -hour day. It's got seasons. We would

02:07:53.310 --> 02:07:55.149
have to terraform it first, but then we all move

02:07:55.149 --> 02:07:57.050
there. We'd just ship a billion people there.

02:07:57.109 --> 02:08:02.409
Here's my point. Whatever it takes to terraform

02:08:02.409 --> 02:08:07.090
Mars and ship a billion people there, it's got

02:08:07.090 --> 02:08:10.569
to be easier to deflect the asteroid. Whatever

02:08:10.569 --> 02:08:13.909
it takes to terraform Mars to turn it into Earth.

02:08:15.630 --> 02:08:18.369
If you had the power of geoengineering to do

02:08:18.369 --> 02:08:21.069
that, then you have the power of geoengineering

02:08:21.069 --> 02:08:24.590
to turn Earth back into Earth. But there are

02:08:24.590 --> 02:08:27.189
occasionally things that we miss, right? Because

02:08:27.189 --> 02:08:30.649
of the way that... So you say, okay, whatever

02:08:30.649 --> 02:08:35.229
it takes to geoengineer Mars and ship a billion

02:08:35.229 --> 02:08:38.250
people there, it's got to be easier to create

02:08:38.250 --> 02:08:42.989
a perfect viral serum that makes us immune to

02:08:42.989 --> 02:08:46.340
all possible disease. That's got to be easier.

02:08:46.720 --> 02:08:49.659
Whatever that takes. But isn't it possible that

02:08:49.659 --> 02:08:51.699
there's some asteroids that we just will not

02:08:51.699 --> 02:08:54.399
see until it's too late? Then you put up, whatever

02:08:54.399 --> 02:08:58.939
that takes. That's what I'm saying. I mean, whatever.

02:09:00.819 --> 02:09:03.739
Terraform Mars and ship a billion people there.

02:09:03.960 --> 02:09:06.039
A billion. Why? Of course. Why wouldn't it be?

02:09:06.279 --> 02:09:07.800
What, are you going to put ten people there?

02:09:08.000 --> 02:09:09.899
That's not good. You want to split your species.

02:09:10.180 --> 02:09:13.260
Right. Okay? And if... An asteroid is coming

02:09:13.260 --> 02:09:14.859
that you can't deflect, which would surprise

02:09:14.859 --> 02:09:17.060
me if you could ship a billion people to Mars.

02:09:17.840 --> 02:09:21.680
You just let them all die? Is that what you plan

02:09:21.680 --> 02:09:22.819
to do? You're going to let all the Earth people

02:09:22.819 --> 02:09:24.739
die and the Mars people survive just so you can

02:09:24.739 --> 02:09:27.560
save this people? Don't save everybody. I'm not

02:09:27.560 --> 02:09:30.880
buying into the premise, this cable car -ology

02:09:30.880 --> 02:09:34.760
premise, that you have to save one to not save

02:09:34.760 --> 02:09:38.000
the other. You know cable car -ology. I see what

02:09:38.000 --> 02:09:40.880
you're saying. The cable car, you know, someone's

02:09:40.880 --> 02:09:42.420
in the tracks. You let them go. You let them

02:09:42.420 --> 02:09:44.079
go. You steer it out of the way, but then you

02:09:44.079 --> 02:09:46.079
actively kill two people instead of passively

02:09:46.079 --> 02:09:48.420
killing one person. What do you do? I'm not buying

02:09:48.420 --> 02:09:51.359
into that premise for this question. I'm simply

02:09:51.359 --> 02:09:54.930
saying. That whatever it takes, it's got to be

02:09:54.930 --> 02:09:58.329
easier to put up some kind of net that finds

02:09:58.329 --> 02:10:01.029
any asteroid that could possibly harm us and

02:10:01.029 --> 02:10:03.710
zaps them out of the sky. It's got to be easier.

02:10:03.750 --> 02:10:06.250
This is the last question. Is it possible that

02:10:06.250 --> 02:10:09.430
the reason why we are never visited by extraterrestrials

02:10:09.430 --> 02:10:11.050
is because the way civilizations advance? It's

02:10:11.050 --> 02:10:14.430
because of the space debris. One. Two. Is it

02:10:14.430 --> 02:10:16.890
because the way civilizations... They have visited.

02:10:17.350 --> 02:10:20.210
They visited during Comic -Con. Nobody noticed.

02:10:20.640 --> 02:10:24.739
They don't like cosplay. Three. We're out of

02:10:24.739 --> 02:10:26.800
here. Their costumes weren't as good as ours.

02:10:27.020 --> 02:10:30.960
Okay. Three. Three. Three. They've observed us

02:10:30.960 --> 02:10:34.199
and judged there's no sign of intelligent life

02:10:34.199 --> 02:10:36.520
on Earth. Okay, but is there another possibility

02:10:36.520 --> 02:10:40.100
that civilizations don't ever get to travel like

02:10:40.100 --> 02:10:42.260
that? Because what happens is as they advance

02:10:42.260 --> 02:10:45.260
and as their technology advances, they become...

02:10:45.819 --> 02:10:49.279
Instead of a biological entity seeking to spread

02:10:49.279 --> 02:10:51.479
its genetics throughout the universe, they become

02:10:51.479 --> 02:10:55.399
some sort of symbiotic artificial life that as

02:10:55.399 --> 02:10:58.659
they create, as they advance their technology

02:10:58.659 --> 02:11:00.739
and as they continue to innovate, they reach

02:11:00.739 --> 02:11:04.279
a limitation in biology and that eventually create

02:11:04.279 --> 02:11:06.899
artificial life that sees no desire whatsoever

02:11:06.899 --> 02:11:12.060
to travel. Oh, interesting. So I would say that's

02:11:12.060 --> 02:11:16.579
a great philosophical question. The day we create

02:11:16.579 --> 02:11:22.300
AI, if the AI is everything we are except more.

02:11:23.100 --> 02:11:26.359
And not emotional. Then it would have an urge

02:11:26.359 --> 02:11:29.279
to explore. Maybe. Otherwise, then it's not us.

02:11:29.439 --> 02:11:31.539
But wouldn't it create those doors like in Monsters,

02:11:31.539 --> 02:11:33.699
Inc. and start going dimension to dimension instead

02:11:33.699 --> 02:11:36.920
of fucking around with jets? With chemical jets?

02:11:37.039 --> 02:11:38.920
Yeah. Right, right, right, right, right. Yeah,

02:11:38.979 --> 02:11:40.579
they figure out the fourth dimension. Yeah, wouldn't

02:11:40.579 --> 02:11:42.300
that be the best way to do things? And then they

02:11:42.300 --> 02:11:43.699
figure it out. And then they would figure out

02:11:43.699 --> 02:11:45.220
a way to travel better than any way we could.

02:11:45.260 --> 02:11:47.800
But if the fact that we want to travel and we're

02:11:47.800 --> 02:11:51.720
creating versions of ourselves called AI. I don't

02:11:51.720 --> 02:11:54.819
see why AI wouldn't want to travel. But why would

02:11:54.819 --> 02:11:57.500
it be curious? If AI... If it is us, this is

02:11:57.500 --> 02:12:01.979
my point. Then it's not... Well, if we create

02:12:01.979 --> 02:12:10.060
every neurosynaptic map of our brain into silicon,

02:12:10.199 --> 02:12:14.180
into a computer, and recreate our consciousness

02:12:14.180 --> 02:12:17.020
as humans... The human brain. But wouldn't that

02:12:17.020 --> 02:12:19.260
be just one version of AI? Sure. Wouldn't there

02:12:19.260 --> 02:12:21.840
be like an infinite version of AI that AI could

02:12:21.840 --> 02:12:24.000
create itself? It could. And why would it limit

02:12:24.000 --> 02:12:26.420
itself to all of our emotions and sexual desires

02:12:26.420 --> 02:12:28.859
and jealousy and all the ridiculous things that

02:12:28.859 --> 02:12:32.399
are holding us back? It could. Sure. Sure. Now,

02:12:32.460 --> 02:12:37.600
I'm not as fearsome of AI as others are. You

02:12:37.600 --> 02:12:39.920
know when we're not gonna make an AI looking

02:12:39.920 --> 02:12:42.680
human being because a human form is not the best

02:12:42.680 --> 02:12:45.520
or ideal form for anything Did you see X Machina?

02:12:45.600 --> 02:12:50.340
Yes, I do love it Good good moments. You didn't

02:12:50.340 --> 02:12:54.119
love it. No, it was good. I loved it I want to

02:12:54.119 --> 02:12:56.899
marry it. You want to marry it. Oh, okay. Well,

02:12:57.000 --> 02:12:59.600
that's the first thing you use. It's the sex

02:12:59.600 --> 02:13:01.640
bot. No, it's not even that. That's where the

02:13:01.640 --> 02:13:04.500
money will be for sure. For sure. Yeah, for sure.

02:13:04.560 --> 02:13:05.819
But I'm just saying it's one of my favorite movies.

02:13:06.060 --> 02:13:07.619
I want to marry the movie. It's just an awesome

02:13:07.619 --> 02:13:09.500
movie. So then marriage would no longer be about

02:13:09.500 --> 02:13:11.119
sex or just be about reproduction because you

02:13:11.119 --> 02:13:12.600
just go to your room with your sex bot. Well,

02:13:12.600 --> 02:13:14.140
I'm hoping that that's one of the first things

02:13:14.140 --> 02:13:15.680
that people figure out they shouldn't do anymore.

02:13:15.779 --> 02:13:18.600
Once they get smart enough to symbiotically attach

02:13:18.600 --> 02:13:20.319
themselves to artificial intelligence. I was

02:13:20.319 --> 02:13:22.039
watching, what was it, Family Feud? feud one

02:13:22.039 --> 02:13:27.960
of the questions was uh if you're we asked 100

02:13:27.960 --> 02:13:30.500
married women if you could have a second husband

02:13:30.500 --> 02:13:33.260
for only one purpose what would it be something

02:13:33.260 --> 02:13:38.039
like 70 of them that said just for sex whoa damn

02:13:38.039 --> 02:13:41.659
a second husband for only one purpose just just

02:13:41.659 --> 02:13:45.180
for getting stuffed just just sex so that's a

02:13:45.180 --> 02:13:46.880
fucking wake -up call for a lot of dudes out

02:13:46.880 --> 02:13:50.579
there a lot of guys Let's end on that. Neil deGrasse

02:13:50.579 --> 02:13:54.479
Tyson, astrophysics for people in a hurry, due

02:13:54.479 --> 02:13:57.399
out in May. Thank you so much, sir. You're a

02:13:57.399 --> 02:13:59.840
gentleman and a scholar. Love you, man. I love

02:13:59.840 --> 02:14:01.399
you, too, brother. Thank you so much for coming

02:14:01.399 --> 02:14:03.439
here, and thank you anytime. Open invitation.

02:14:03.800 --> 02:14:05.840
Call me up. Middle of the night. Come down here.

02:14:05.899 --> 02:14:06.920
We'll open it up. And you've got to wake him

02:14:06.920 --> 02:14:09.180
up. He'll do it. He's down. He loves you, too.

02:14:09.579 --> 02:14:11.159
All right. Thank you, sir. Appreciate it.