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As we wrap up Unit 3, let’s take a moment
to review what we’ve learned about the
theories and principles that explain
listening.

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In this unit, we shifted from asking what
interferes with listening to asking how
listening works beneath the surface.

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We explored the idea that listening isn’t
automatic.

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It’s cognitive.

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It’s emotional.

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It’s relational.

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And it’s interpretive.

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We began with the HURIER Model, which
breaks listening into six internal stages:
hearing, understanding, remembering,
interpreting, evaluating, and responding.

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This model helps us identify where
breakdowns occur—often at interpreting and
evaluating, where assumptions and emotion
shape meaning.

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Then we explored the Transactional Model
of Communication.

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This model reminds us that communication
is simultaneous and dynamic.

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Meaning isn’t delivered. It’s co-created
through feedback loops, context, and
relational history.

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We layered in the concept of listening
fidelity, which asks whether the meaning
we heard matches what the speaker
intended.

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Low fidelity often explains
misunderstandings during conflict.

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Next, we added the emotional layer with
mindful and empathic listening.

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Mindful listening helps regulate attention
and manage internal reactions.

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Empathic listening shifts us from
evaluation to understanding emotional
meaning.

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Together, they help reduce defensiveness
and improve connection.

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We also examined constructivist listening,
which shows how schemas—our experiences,
beliefs, and expectations—shape how we
interpret messages.

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Two people can hear the same sentence and
construct completely different meanings.

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We introduced additional frameworks like
social cognitive listening and supportive
listening, which explain how attribution,
emotional appraisal, and validation
influence relationships.

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The big takeaway from Unit 3 is this:

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No single theory explains everything.

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Each theory highlights a different layer
of listening.

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HURIER gives us cognitive structure.

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The Transactional Model shows us
relational dynamics.

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Mindful and empathic listening help
regulate emotion.

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Constructivist theory reveals how meaning
is constructed through schemas.

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Together, these models give us analytical
tools.

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They help us move from reacting
automatically…

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To listening intentionally.

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Unit 3 isn’t just about knowing
definitions.

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It’s about learning to analyze
conversations, evaluate breakdowns, and
understand how meaning is created,
escalated, or repaired.

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When you can apply multiple theories to a
single conversation, you’re no longer just
participating in communication.

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You’re thinking like a communication
scholar.

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And that’s the real growth in this unit.