WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:05.360 Hello. In The Crown of Aragon 639 years ago, 00:00:05.960 --> 00:00:12.900 it was March 24th, 1387. My name is Jonathan 00:00:12.900 --> 00:00:16.500 Seyfried. I'm a PhD candidate in history at the 00:00:16.500 --> 00:00:20.239 University of New Mexico, and this is the Historian's 00:00:20.239 --> 00:00:24.500 Notebook, a podcast about how history gets made. 00:00:25.199 --> 00:00:29.320 Season 1 is titled Molt Cara Companyona. We're 00:00:29.320 --> 00:00:32.159 looking at a document from each day of the first 00:00:32.159 --> 00:00:36.520 year of the reign of King Joan I of Aragon and 00:00:36.520 --> 00:00:40.359 Queen Violant de Bar. Let's begin today's 00:00:40.359 --> 00:01:06.920 document. Today's document provides a really 00:01:06.920 --> 00:01:12.819 fascinating window into some of the money stress 00:01:12.819 --> 00:01:16.879 that faced Joan and Violant pretty much right 00:01:16.879 --> 00:01:22.719 away and continued to plague their reign. So 00:01:22.719 --> 00:01:28.819 this particular document is from Joan and it 00:01:28.819 --> 00:01:34.430 is about Sardinia, the island of Sardinia. It's 00:01:34.430 --> 00:01:39.450 in the secret seal register, and it's being addressed 00:01:39.450 --> 00:01:44.090 to, interestingly, the Archbishop of Zaragoza. 00:01:44.569 --> 00:01:46.370 Well, I guess that makes sense, actually, now 00:01:46.370 --> 00:01:49.390 that I think about it. And then a couple other 00:01:49.390 --> 00:01:52.549 individuals who have some kind of official role 00:01:52.549 --> 00:01:57.230 in, I think, raising the money. So this is about 00:01:57.230 --> 00:02:00.920 raising money. And the reason... that, and I 00:02:00.920 --> 00:02:04.200 initially forgot this, that it's addressed to 00:02:04.200 --> 00:02:07.620 the Archbishop of Zaragoza is that the money 00:02:07.620 --> 00:02:11.740 is going to be coming from some kind of ecclesiastical 00:02:11.740 --> 00:02:16.020 process. So there's some kind of tithe that can 00:02:16.020 --> 00:02:23.360 be imposed that is authorized by the pope and 00:02:23.360 --> 00:02:28.000 will be administered by the ecclesiastical officials 00:02:28.000 --> 00:02:33.770 in Zaragoza. And that money, you know, there's 00:02:33.770 --> 00:02:36.930 really no religious justification for it at all. 00:02:37.189 --> 00:02:40.689 It's going to be used in order to send soldiers 00:02:40.689 --> 00:02:45.729 to the island of Sardinia. And so the whole purpose 00:02:45.729 --> 00:02:51.710 of this document is to inform the ecclesiastical 00:02:51.710 --> 00:02:55.400 officials in Zaragoza that they need to... Collect 00:02:55.400 --> 00:02:58.979 this money and that it's really urgent that they 00:02:58.979 --> 00:03:02.219 do so because those soldiers they need to get 00:03:02.219 --> 00:03:06.819 paid All right. Well that explains the addressee 00:03:06.819 --> 00:03:10.879 and the content of the letter requires quite 00:03:10.879 --> 00:03:15.199 a lot of historical context to understand but 00:03:15.199 --> 00:03:19.259 before we get into the history of Sardinia and 00:03:19.259 --> 00:03:24.759 the larger Mediterranean picture for the Crown 00:03:24.759 --> 00:03:28.099 of Aragon in the 14th century. I just want to 00:03:28.099 --> 00:03:31.599 make a little paleographical note. The beginning 00:03:31.599 --> 00:03:36.819 of this document is at the very bottom of folio 00:03:36.819 --> 00:03:43.400 29r, and there's just two lines there. The second 00:03:43.400 --> 00:03:51.639 line has Illa de Cardenya. and sometimes illa 00:03:51.639 --> 00:03:56.560 means island and other times it doesn't. Like 00:03:56.560 --> 00:03:59.759 there's the word illa to me is still a little 00:03:59.759 --> 00:04:02.400 bit confusing and I'm definitely going to ask 00:04:02.400 --> 00:04:05.919 about this in the seminar on medieval Catalan 00:04:05.919 --> 00:04:10.039 that I'm taking over the summer. Well, illa can 00:04:10.039 --> 00:04:12.419 also mean like region, I think, or it can be 00:04:12.419 --> 00:04:17.319 like a metaphorical in its like island Meaning? 00:04:18.319 --> 00:04:22.480 Yeah, I'm just not sure. So when I saw the capital 00:04:22.480 --> 00:04:26.639 C, and it's clearly a capital C in Cerdanya, 00:04:27.259 --> 00:04:32.680 I immediately thought that this was about a region 00:04:32.680 --> 00:04:37.220 called Cerdanya, which is near the Pyrenees. 00:04:39.060 --> 00:04:43.120 I was very reluctant to see this as about the 00:04:43.120 --> 00:04:46.519 island of Sardinia. The initial transcription 00:04:46.519 --> 00:04:49.279 result that I got from Gemini was a really strong 00:04:49.279 --> 00:04:52.879 correction on me, saying that there's no way 00:04:52.879 --> 00:04:57.339 that this is Cerdanya, this is definitely Sardinia. 00:04:57.720 --> 00:05:00.819 And I was reluctant to go along with that, because 00:05:00.819 --> 00:05:05.480 that is a capital C, and I just... I'm like, 00:05:05.519 --> 00:05:09.660 no, it would be an S if it was... if it was sardinia 00:05:09.660 --> 00:05:14.720 so i actually went to chat gpt and asked it hey 00:05:14.720 --> 00:05:18.600 can you look through and see if sardinia is ever 00:05:18.600 --> 00:05:23.019 spelled this way and it came back saying no this 00:05:23.019 --> 00:05:27.560 is definitely Cerdanya but notice how i've been 00:05:27.560 --> 00:05:29.920 pronouncing these words i've been trying to really 00:05:29.920 --> 00:05:35.259 hit that a in Cerdanya really hard because that 00:05:35.259 --> 00:05:39.250 turns out to be the key here After a bit more 00:05:39.250 --> 00:05:42.689 reading of this document and also looking at 00:05:42.689 --> 00:05:47.490 Claude's initial transcription, I am 100 % sure 00:05:47.490 --> 00:05:51.709 that this is a document about Sardinia. It's 00:05:51.709 --> 00:05:57.189 because there's some city names in folio 29v 00:05:57.189 --> 00:06:02.660 that correspond to cities in Sardinia, and then 00:06:02.660 --> 00:06:06.519 also the name of the person mentioned in the 00:06:06.519 --> 00:06:10.819 fourth line, Mossen Eixemenes Perez de Aranjos, 00:06:10.980 --> 00:06:15.759 governador. He was the governor, the crown of 00:06:15.759 --> 00:06:20.920 Aragon's governor of Sardinia at this time. So 00:06:20.920 --> 00:06:26.660 this is absolutely a letter about Sardinia. And 00:06:26.660 --> 00:06:32.160 it looks like the spelling of sardinia could 00:06:32.160 --> 00:06:38.399 be c -e -r -d -e -n -y -a as it appears at the 00:06:38.399 --> 00:06:45.740 bottom of folio 29r and the real key to understanding 00:06:45.740 --> 00:06:49.699 whether you're reading something about sardinia 00:06:49.699 --> 00:06:55.819 or serdanya is what comes after the d in the 00:06:55.819 --> 00:07:00.240 middle If you're seeing an A, then it's probably 00:07:00.240 --> 00:07:03.740 the region near the Pyrenees called Cerdanya. 00:07:04.420 --> 00:07:07.779 And if you're seeing the letter E, as is very 00:07:07.779 --> 00:07:11.379 clear here, you're probably reading about the 00:07:11.379 --> 00:07:18.500 island of Sardinia. So there you have it. It's 00:07:18.500 --> 00:07:23.779 a difference that, to my eye, It was not one 00:07:23.779 --> 00:07:27.000 that I could recognize initially, but now we'll 00:07:27.000 --> 00:07:30.519 see what comes up later. Now Sardinia, let's 00:07:30.519 --> 00:07:34.639 talk about the history of this island. Sardinia 00:07:34.639 --> 00:07:39.300 was incorporated into the Crown of Aragon as 00:07:39.300 --> 00:07:43.939 it made, as the Crown of Aragon made this amazing 00:07:43.939 --> 00:07:48.519 Mediterranean expansion in the course of the 00:07:48.519 --> 00:07:52.899 14th century. And a lot of that expansion happened 00:07:52.899 --> 00:07:57.480 under the reign of Joan's father Pere the Ceremonious. 00:07:57.800 --> 00:08:01.759 But I'm pretty sure that the Catalan presence 00:08:01.759 --> 00:08:07.199 in Sardinia actually predates the reign of Pere 00:08:07.199 --> 00:08:09.519 the Ceremonious. It might even go back to the 00:08:09.519 --> 00:08:12.079 13th century. I'm a little hazy on when it all 00:08:12.079 --> 00:08:16.680 starts. But the important thing to realize is 00:08:16.680 --> 00:08:22.399 that In the 14th century overall, the wealth 00:08:22.399 --> 00:08:27.120 generated from Catalan merchant activity allowed 00:08:27.120 --> 00:08:32.519 Barcelona to become a competitor to some of the 00:08:32.519 --> 00:08:39.720 Italian city -states, especially Genoa. So Genoa 00:08:39.720 --> 00:08:45.159 and the Crown of Aragon become major rivals in 00:08:45.159 --> 00:08:50.899 the Mediterranean. and they are at war for a 00:08:50.899 --> 00:08:54.200 lot of a lot of the years throughout the 14th 00:08:54.200 --> 00:09:00.100 century and Genoa had a hold on the island of 00:09:00.100 --> 00:09:05.960 Sardinia and the Catalan merchants and adventurers 00:09:05.960 --> 00:09:13.340 took it took it from Genoa and then there's just 00:09:13.340 --> 00:09:16.039 a lot of kind of back -and -forth. It's basically 00:09:16.039 --> 00:09:22.039 that the Sardinians are trying to not be ruled 00:09:22.039 --> 00:09:28.480 by the Crown of Aragon, and the Crown of Aragon 00:09:28.480 --> 00:09:33.759 is very intent on keeping the island of Sardinia. 00:09:34.399 --> 00:09:38.539 Thomas Bisson, in his book A Short History of 00:09:38.539 --> 00:09:43.539 the Crown of Aragon, he observes that Sardinia 00:09:43.539 --> 00:09:49.799 was a major farming and basically a breadbasket 00:09:49.799 --> 00:09:53.519 source for the Crown of Aragon. He kind of goes 00:09:53.519 --> 00:09:58.440 so far as to say that the farms on the island 00:09:58.440 --> 00:10:03.360 of Sardinia were basically feeding the people 00:10:03.360 --> 00:10:09.019 of Barcelona and Mallorca. So This island is 00:10:09.019 --> 00:10:14.059 incredibly valuable to the Crown of Aragon, but 00:10:14.059 --> 00:10:17.940 it seems like the people of Sardinia themselves, 00:10:18.559 --> 00:10:24.100 they're really more connected to Genoa. One of 00:10:24.100 --> 00:10:29.919 the leaders in Sardinia is Eleanor d 'Arboria, 00:10:30.100 --> 00:10:35.179 and she actually has a lot of financial ties 00:10:35.179 --> 00:10:43.590 to to Genoa and also has some lineage in her 00:10:43.590 --> 00:10:47.830 ancestry from Genoa. But she herself was born 00:10:47.830 --> 00:10:53.029 actually on land in Aragon. And so she's a really 00:10:53.029 --> 00:10:57.470 interesting person. She's actually one of the 00:10:57.470 --> 00:11:01.110 women of the middle ages in Sardinia that is 00:11:01.110 --> 00:11:06.720 most commemorated. in Sardinia today as one of 00:11:06.720 --> 00:11:11.379 the powerful women rulers in Sardinia's history 00:11:11.379 --> 00:11:15.840 and also one of the greatest rulers in general 00:11:15.840 --> 00:11:20.460 for the island of Sardinia. So there's like a 00:11:20.460 --> 00:11:26.200 big statue of her in Sardinia and also I I think 00:11:26.200 --> 00:11:29.080 what else can I say oh yeah her title so she 00:11:29.080 --> 00:11:32.250 wasn't a queen she's It's really interesting. 00:11:32.250 --> 00:11:34.289 I'm not quite sure about the translation of this 00:11:34.289 --> 00:11:38.350 title, but she's known as a judge or like, if 00:11:38.350 --> 00:11:42.350 you're gendering it, a judge -ess. So the titles 00:11:42.350 --> 00:11:47.649 of the leaders of the various realms of Sardinia, 00:11:47.669 --> 00:11:50.049 there were like four different realms and Arborea 00:11:50.049 --> 00:11:54.330 was one of them. Their titles are a little bit 00:11:54.330 --> 00:11:58.110 unusual and can't quite exactly figure out what 00:11:58.110 --> 00:12:04.009 her title was. All right. So Eleanor d 'Arboria 00:12:04.009 --> 00:12:09.929 is one of the main political leaders that organizes 00:12:09.929 --> 00:12:14.210 against the Crown of Aragon, and it seems to 00:12:14.210 --> 00:12:21.850 me that in 1386 there were no real rebellions 00:12:21.850 --> 00:12:29.110 against Catalan rule in Sardinia, but with the 00:12:29.179 --> 00:12:33.340 transition of power from Pere the Ceremonious 00:12:33.340 --> 00:12:39.519 to this new king, Joan, I think that the Sardinians 00:12:39.519 --> 00:12:44.080 see an opportunity to rise up and try to kick 00:12:44.080 --> 00:12:51.659 out the Catalan officials from Sardinia. And 00:12:51.659 --> 00:12:54.379 so that's what this letter is all about, that 00:12:54.379 --> 00:12:58.600 there's increasing resistance to the officials 00:12:58.600 --> 00:13:03.100 of the Crown of Aragon in Sardinia, and there 00:13:03.100 --> 00:13:07.120 is a need to raise up some soldiers. And the 00:13:07.120 --> 00:13:11.860 money is going to come from tithing, apparently, 00:13:12.000 --> 00:13:16.539 the people of Zaragoza and maybe Aragon in general. 00:13:17.289 --> 00:13:20.429 and that's why this letter is being addressed 00:13:20.429 --> 00:13:24.269 to the Archbishop of Zaragoza in addition to 00:13:24.269 --> 00:13:27.149 two other officials who I'm not quite sure who 00:13:27.149 --> 00:13:35.850 they are. So we can see the need for money in 00:13:35.850 --> 00:13:42.370 the fifth line of folio 29 v where we see the 00:13:42.370 --> 00:13:55.509 phrase Who will then go there? So the soldats, 00:13:55.649 --> 00:13:58.370 the soldiers, right? And the paga, the payment 00:13:58.370 --> 00:14:01.610 of the companies of the soldiers. So that's what 00:14:01.610 --> 00:14:06.250 the money is required for. And what's really, 00:14:06.450 --> 00:14:11.509 I think, a great thing to note is how Joan phrases 00:14:11.509 --> 00:14:18.059 the need to raise money and That is two lines 00:14:18.059 --> 00:14:24.120 down. So I think now we're at line Oh, I just 00:14:24.120 --> 00:14:30.240 lost it. Oh goodness line seven in which he says 00:14:30.240 --> 00:14:36.879 it's the third word in man levar diverses quantitats 00:14:36.879 --> 00:14:44.309 de moneda And so he wants to have diverse quantities 00:14:44.309 --> 00:14:48.250 of money. He wants to raise, manlevar. He wants 00:14:48.250 --> 00:14:51.370 to raise diverse quantities of money. I love 00:14:51.370 --> 00:14:56.230 that phrase. Like, what is going on there? I 00:14:56.230 --> 00:14:59.340 mean, he doesn't just say large, maybe? Maybe 00:14:59.340 --> 00:15:03.159 instead of saying like gigantic quantities of 00:15:03.159 --> 00:15:06.879 money, if he uses the word diverse, it doesn't 00:15:06.879 --> 00:15:11.559 sound as like shocking. So I mean, I would think 00:15:11.559 --> 00:15:16.320 of the word diverse as sources like from diverse 00:15:16.320 --> 00:15:19.399 sources of money, but he's got it right there 00:15:19.399 --> 00:15:22.279 with quantity. So I just think that's really 00:15:22.279 --> 00:15:28.230 interesting. And he does acknowledge on the next 00:15:28.230 --> 00:15:33.389 line that there is a real need for this because 00:15:33.389 --> 00:15:40.169 without it, he won't be able to avoid damage, 00:15:40.470 --> 00:15:46.700 dampnatges, that would be... happening that 00:15:46.700 --> 00:15:50.840 would the damages that would cause a loss and 00:15:50.840 --> 00:15:55.039 then the next line after that perdia a la nostra 00:15:55.039 --> 00:15:59.820 corona a loss to the crown from the crown of 00:15:59.820 --> 00:16:03.879 this island so basically he's saying look if 00:16:03.879 --> 00:16:08.779 I don't get this money then we're going to have 00:16:08.779 --> 00:16:14.490 damage to Nostra Corona our crown our realm i 00:16:14.490 --> 00:16:18.549 think corona is being used here to mean the realm 00:16:18.549 --> 00:16:23.129 and i'm pretty sure it is actually so there's 00:16:23.129 --> 00:16:27.190 just a lot of language in here about how there's 00:16:27.190 --> 00:16:30.750 an urgent need how we don't want to have damage 00:16:30.750 --> 00:16:36.250 to the crown how it's going to be required to 00:16:36.250 --> 00:16:40.389 pay a bunch of soldiers and then at the end it 00:16:40.389 --> 00:16:44.899 gets super urgent Because he says, in the last 00:16:44.899 --> 00:16:49.720 line before the dating clause, that he needs 00:16:49.720 --> 00:17:04.180 this money now. So... Meaning that if it's... 00:17:04.180 --> 00:17:06.579 I think... Well, we have to add in some of the 00:17:06.579 --> 00:17:08.799 stuff earlier in the sentence, but what that 00:17:08.799 --> 00:17:11.359 last phrase is saying is that if we don't... 00:17:11.420 --> 00:17:17.359 get this money in in a few days then there will 00:17:17.359 --> 00:17:23.880 be seria there will be irreparable damage so 00:17:23.880 --> 00:17:30.400 this is what it sounds like when the king is 00:17:30.400 --> 00:17:35.599 trying to express urgency i mean other other 00:17:35.599 --> 00:17:38.980 places in this letter we we have gran necessitat 00:17:38.980 --> 00:17:45.690 we have all kinds of phrases throughout this 00:17:45.690 --> 00:17:50.670 letter that are conveying the great urgency. 00:17:51.470 --> 00:17:56.829 So does this mean that Joan got word that there's 00:17:56.829 --> 00:18:01.670 actually a very big effort being mustered by 00:18:01.670 --> 00:18:05.710 the opponents of the Crown of Aragon in Sardinia, 00:18:05.710 --> 00:18:11.329 and that really Sardinia could be lost by you 00:18:11.329 --> 00:18:14.589 know the the next couple days if they don't send 00:18:14.589 --> 00:18:19.630 soldiers in right away that is kind of how the 00:18:19.630 --> 00:18:27.069 tone is for this letter all right it's all very 00:18:27.069 --> 00:18:31.910 urgent indeed and I think that this letter, while 00:18:31.910 --> 00:18:35.509 it doesn't say anything about Joan and Violant 00:18:35.509 --> 00:18:40.490 and their cooperation or anything really explicitly 00:18:40.490 --> 00:18:46.309 about gender or such, it's still got this language 00:18:46.309 --> 00:18:51.069 about finances that is super interesting to anybody 00:18:51.069 --> 00:18:55.500 who is wanting to study the reign of Joan and 00:18:55.500 --> 00:18:58.599 Violant because the major criticism of them 00:18:58.599 --> 00:19:02.859 from their opponents has to do with how they 00:19:02.859 --> 00:19:07.039 allegedly mismanaged money. And so we can see 00:19:07.039 --> 00:19:10.420 like right at the very beginning like just you 00:19:10.420 --> 00:19:14.640 know in the third month of their reign there's 00:19:14.640 --> 00:19:20.200 already trouble you can't send soldiers to Sardinia 00:19:20.960 --> 00:19:26.920 to quell resistance there unless you somehow 00:19:26.920 --> 00:19:31.980 activate some weird funding source that originates 00:19:31.980 --> 00:19:38.579 from a ruling about religious tithing. So it's 00:19:38.579 --> 00:19:42.759 just very odd that there isn't money already 00:19:42.759 --> 00:19:46.440 for something like this. It tells you a lot about 00:19:46.440 --> 00:19:50.450 the situation that Joan and Violant found 00:19:50.450 --> 00:19:54.490 themselves in in terms of finances right at the 00:19:54.490 --> 00:19:58.230 outset of their rule. So I don't know if I can 00:19:58.230 --> 00:20:02.329 go so far as to say that they should be absolved 00:20:02.329 --> 00:20:04.950 of accusations of financial mismanagement because 00:20:04.950 --> 00:20:07.029 they really did take out a whole lot of loans 00:20:07.029 --> 00:20:09.970 and all kinds of weird financial dealings with 00:20:09.970 --> 00:20:13.609 people like Luchino Scarampi, but I think it's 00:20:13.609 --> 00:20:16.730 just an important piece of the picture. that 00:20:16.730 --> 00:20:20.549 we can glimpse here in this particular letter. 00:20:21.690 --> 00:20:24.410 One last thing I guess I should have talked about 00:20:24.410 --> 00:20:26.750 this when I was talking about the paleography 00:20:26.750 --> 00:20:29.609 earlier because this is another paleographical 00:20:29.609 --> 00:20:34.630 note and one that also relates to use of AI. 00:20:35.390 --> 00:20:41.599 Notice how at the very end of the document after 00:20:41.599 --> 00:20:44.880 the year which once again the scribe has decided 00:20:44.880 --> 00:20:49.680 to spell out the number set right after that 00:20:49.680 --> 00:20:56.480 we have sub signata so signata starts sub signata 00:20:56.480 --> 00:21:00.720 one word starts uh on the second to last line 00:21:00.720 --> 00:21:03.819 and then it's like there'd be a a hyphen and 00:21:03.819 --> 00:21:07.680 then nada in the signata is on the very last 00:21:07.680 --> 00:21:12.460 little line there Sub signata abnostra petit 00:21:12.460 --> 00:21:20.579 anell. For me, looking at it with my current abilities 00:21:20.579 --> 00:21:25.480 to read the paleography here, this is totally 00:21:25.480 --> 00:21:31.460 clear that what's being expressed is that Joan 00:21:31.460 --> 00:21:37.440 has used his small ring anell, petit anell. The 00:21:37.440 --> 00:21:43.720 paleography is not messy. It's super clear. The 00:21:43.720 --> 00:21:50.240 presence of sub signata indicates that it's not 00:21:50.240 --> 00:21:56.839 a name of somebody, but both Gemini and Claude 00:21:56.839 --> 00:22:00.119 screwed this up. All right, so they got me on 00:22:00.119 --> 00:22:04.079 the fact that this was Sardinia and not Cerdanya, 00:22:04.660 --> 00:22:10.839 but Here, I have mastery where they do not. And 00:22:10.839 --> 00:22:12.980 they're doing something so weird, where it's 00:22:12.980 --> 00:22:16.539 like they're really insistent. Like, I told Claude, 00:22:16.579 --> 00:22:19.660 I corrected what I had gotten from Gemini, and 00:22:19.660 --> 00:22:24.299 I told Claude, this says, sub signata ab nostra 00:22:24.299 --> 00:22:27.000 petit anell, but I pretended it was the Gemini 00:22:27.000 --> 00:22:29.539 output. I didn't say that it was my reading. 00:22:30.559 --> 00:22:34.960 But Claude would not go for it, and insisted, 00:22:35.400 --> 00:22:39.900 that this was a person's name. That what we sometimes 00:22:39.900 --> 00:22:43.319 see after the year is a person's name in some 00:22:43.319 --> 00:22:47.619 of these documents, but this is just... it's 00:22:47.619 --> 00:22:51.880 so weird that Claude is able to read a lot of 00:22:51.880 --> 00:22:56.359 the paleography in places in the document that 00:22:56.359 --> 00:22:59.539 are way more difficult to suss out the letters, 00:22:59.539 --> 00:23:04.130 but here it's just not. doing it. It's not sticking 00:23:04.130 --> 00:23:06.529 to the letters as they are on the page. It's 00:23:06.529 --> 00:23:12.509 overriding what it's seeing with the pattern 00:23:12.509 --> 00:23:18.490 of the earlier letters where there are someone's 00:23:18.490 --> 00:23:22.470 name at the end after the year in the dating 00:23:22.470 --> 00:23:28.569 clause. So that's an interesting output from 00:23:28.569 --> 00:23:32.740 the large language models. And I'm not quite 00:23:32.740 --> 00:23:37.380 sure what that reflects. Maybe something like 00:23:37.380 --> 00:23:41.359 their dedication to patterns is something that 00:23:41.359 --> 00:23:46.839 will override some even obvious data that, I 00:23:46.839 --> 00:23:50.400 mean, it's obvious to the human eye, but to them 00:23:50.400 --> 00:23:54.759 is not going to be strong enough to override 00:23:54.759 --> 00:24:00.380 a pattern. So yeah, with those AI models, patterns 00:24:00.380 --> 00:24:03.839 are very, very powerful, and this is a good example 00:24:03.839 --> 00:24:08.640 of that. Thanks for listening to this episode 00:24:08.640 --> 00:24:12.900 of the Historian's Notebook, season one, Molt Cara 00:24:12.900 --> 00:24:16.420 Companyona. If you are leaving with more questions 00:24:16.420 --> 00:24:19.220 than you arrived with, maybe about the history 00:24:19.220 --> 00:24:24.380 of Sardinia, I've done my job. Remember, the 00:24:24.380 --> 00:24:28.400 motto of the Historian's Notebook is dissatisfaction. 00:24:28.559 --> 00:24:32.640 guaranteed. Visit the website to see an image 00:24:32.640 --> 00:24:37.440 of today's document and additional show notes. 00:24:38.599 --> 00:24:41.279 And listen again tomorrow to hear about the next 00:24:41.279 --> 00:24:44.680 day in the first year of the reign of King Joan 00:24:44.680 --> 00:24:49.279 I of Aragon and Queen Violant de Bar. In the 00:24:49.279 --> 00:24:50.680 meantime, take care.