WEBVTT 00:00:00.110 --> 00:00:05.969 Hello. In the Crown of Aragon, 639 years ago, 00:00:06.469 --> 00:00:13.310 it was March 12th, 1387. My name is Jonathan 00:00:13.310 --> 00:00:16.870 Seyfried. I'm a PhD candidate in history at the 00:00:16.870 --> 00:00:20.850 University of New Mexico. And this is the Historian's 00:00:20.850 --> 00:00:25.750 Notebook, a podcast about how history gets made. 00:00:26.489 --> 00:00:30.460 Season one is titled Molt Cara Companyona. We're 00:00:30.460 --> 00:00:33.299 looking at a document from each day of the first 00:00:33.299 --> 00:00:37.740 year of the reign of King Joan I of Aragon and 00:00:37.740 --> 00:00:41.780 Queen Violant de Bar. Let's begin today's 00:00:41.780 --> 00:01:10.359 document. Today's document was a Latin toughy. 00:01:11.500 --> 00:01:18.159 Yeah, this one is in Joan's register, the secret 00:01:18.159 --> 00:01:24.459 seal register, and it is to the Pope. So Joan 00:01:24.459 --> 00:01:27.379 is writing to the Pope and, you know, we've just 00:01:27.379 --> 00:01:29.980 been through a whole bunch of correspondence 00:01:29.980 --> 00:01:35.219 from both Joan and Violant. and their three 00:01:35.219 --> 00:01:40.219 -year -old child to the Pope, and so, you know, 00:01:40.480 --> 00:01:44.439 not that many days have passed since our last 00:01:44.439 --> 00:01:48.319 correspondence to the Pope, and yet, it seems 00:01:48.319 --> 00:01:54.120 like from this letter, Joan is... displeased 00:01:54.120 --> 00:01:56.739 with the Pope. I mean, maybe Joan is just, like, 00:01:56.760 --> 00:02:02.959 in a mood because we had him expressing his fury 00:02:02.959 --> 00:02:06.799 at the governor of Aragon, and maybe he's starting 00:02:06.799 --> 00:02:11.680 to notice that people are maybe not taking him 00:02:11.680 --> 00:02:18.039 as seriously as he might have hoped when imagining 00:02:18.039 --> 00:02:22.949 what it would be like to be king. I don't, I'm 00:02:22.949 --> 00:02:27.509 not sure, because the tone in the Latin is of 00:02:27.509 --> 00:02:30.090 course going to be really difficult to ascertain, 00:02:30.430 --> 00:02:33.969 because the meaning in the Latin is difficult 00:02:33.969 --> 00:02:38.129 to ascertain. And then another factor is that 00:02:38.129 --> 00:02:40.569 when I first looked at this letter, I didn't 00:02:40.569 --> 00:02:43.710 really feel like it was going to be a difficult 00:02:43.710 --> 00:02:48.539 one paleographically, but it turned out to have 00:02:48.539 --> 00:02:53.159 a lot of very difficult paleographical ticks, 00:02:54.240 --> 00:03:02.580 like a lot of the C's look like T's, and the 00:03:02.580 --> 00:03:09.060 N's are sometimes maybe not N's, but CI combinations. 00:03:10.039 --> 00:03:16.020 So this particular letter is presenting difficulties 00:03:16.020 --> 00:03:21.860 and I spent a lot of time on it in addition to 00:03:21.860 --> 00:03:28.180 working through the LLM output I did some hand 00:03:28.180 --> 00:03:33.340 transcribing entered that into Claude's interface 00:03:33.340 --> 00:03:40.439 during the reconciliation phase but yeah it still 00:03:40.439 --> 00:03:46.879 turned out to be pretty cryptic and also paleographically 00:03:46.879 --> 00:03:53.180 very challenging in a lot of parts. So, you know, 00:03:53.680 --> 00:03:56.620 it's a little rough trying to figure out whether 00:03:56.620 --> 00:04:01.620 Joann is frustrated with the Pope. Claude thinks 00:04:01.620 --> 00:04:06.759 so, but I just want to sound a note of caution 00:04:06.759 --> 00:04:13.159 that we can't necessarily... Conclude that Although 00:04:13.159 --> 00:04:16.819 there are some indicators So we'll get into that 00:04:16.819 --> 00:04:20.060 and then also I just want to give a little preview 00:04:20.060 --> 00:04:22.920 for something We're gonna do at the end of the 00:04:22.920 --> 00:04:24.939 episode, but so we're gonna look at the letters 00:04:24.939 --> 00:04:29.759 that come before and after Because they are each 00:04:29.759 --> 00:04:32.740 interest they each have interesting bits So you're 00:04:32.740 --> 00:04:35.579 gonna get three for the price of one in today's 00:04:35.579 --> 00:04:40.920 episode maybe as a way of me making up for how 00:04:40.920 --> 00:04:45.620 I don't really know what the document of the 00:04:45.620 --> 00:04:49.319 day is about. I can't even tell what it's about. 00:04:50.740 --> 00:04:53.699 Well, we do have the sourcing information. We 00:04:53.699 --> 00:04:57.019 know that it's the pope that is being addressed. 00:04:57.300 --> 00:05:02.339 We do have an update about a topic that came 00:05:02.339 --> 00:05:06.829 up a little while ago. So You might remember 00:05:06.829 --> 00:05:09.649 from some earlier episodes, oh gosh I don't even 00:05:09.649 --> 00:05:12.870 know which ones, but on the webpage for for this 00:05:12.870 --> 00:05:15.550 episode I'll put in a link. I'll figure that 00:05:15.550 --> 00:05:23.430 out. So earlier episodes we had, I think it was 00:05:23.430 --> 00:05:27.750 Joan, it might have been also Violant, who 00:05:27.750 --> 00:05:32.370 were trying to get the Pope and the College of 00:05:32.370 --> 00:05:38.610 Cardinals to admit their family member in Valencia, 00:05:39.110 --> 00:05:45.009 James, the bishop of Valencia, to the College 00:05:45.009 --> 00:05:49.550 of Cardinals to have him become a cardinal. And 00:05:49.550 --> 00:05:54.889 we do see that here in this letter. It seems 00:05:54.889 --> 00:06:00.110 to have happened because in line five of the 00:06:00.110 --> 00:06:03.269 letter which is the one at the bottom of folio 00:06:03.269 --> 00:06:09.589 24 v there's a little punctuation slash after 00:06:09.589 --> 00:06:15.990 what looks like t i o r which is i think the 00:06:15.990 --> 00:06:18.290 suffix or the second half of the word that came 00:06:18.290 --> 00:06:20.269 before well there's a punctuation slash and then 00:06:20.269 --> 00:06:28.060 there's nunc which means now n u n c the horizontal 00:06:28.060 --> 00:06:32.240 line the macron abbreviation mark is standing 00:06:32.240 --> 00:06:39.100 in for the second n in the word nunc so nunc 00:06:39.100 --> 00:06:49.980 cardinali that is saying now a cardinal and then 00:06:49.980 --> 00:07:03.769 we've got uh after that TUNC VERO EPISCOPUS VALENCIONIUS. 00:07:03.949 --> 00:07:10.470 I have no idea what, or is it Valencianoanem? 00:07:10.509 --> 00:07:14.949 I don't know, but it is, I think, the genitive 00:07:14.949 --> 00:07:23.009 for Valencia, and TUNC means at that time or 00:07:23.009 --> 00:07:28.740 then. So what the next phrase is saying is essentially 00:07:28.740 --> 00:07:34.379 like earlier, or at the other earlier time, he 00:07:34.379 --> 00:07:38.540 was the Bishop of Valencia. So it's clear that 00:07:38.540 --> 00:07:43.459 there has been a success that James the Bishop 00:07:43.459 --> 00:07:50.019 of Valencia was admitted into cardinalship. I 00:07:50.019 --> 00:07:53.180 want to say the College of Cardinals, but honestly, 00:07:53.379 --> 00:07:56.259 I don't know enough about how the College of 00:07:56.259 --> 00:07:58.480 Cardinals works or like what that institution 00:07:58.480 --> 00:08:02.100 is to say that he became part of it. I would 00:08:02.100 --> 00:08:06.000 assume and guess that all of the Cardinals are 00:08:06.000 --> 00:08:08.800 part of the College of Cardinals, but that is 00:08:08.800 --> 00:08:12.949 something I do not know. So... If all cardinals 00:08:12.949 --> 00:08:15.730 are part of the College of Cardinals, then good 00:08:15.730 --> 00:08:19.889 ol' James of Valencia is in there. But if there 00:08:19.889 --> 00:08:23.209 are some cardinals that are not part of the College 00:08:23.209 --> 00:08:28.329 of Cardinals, then we don't know. But we do know 00:08:28.329 --> 00:08:35.409 that he did become a cardinal. So, there's been 00:08:35.409 --> 00:08:40.580 a success. So why is it that there's a possibility 00:08:40.580 --> 00:08:47.139 that Joan is grumpy with the pope? That hinges 00:08:47.139 --> 00:08:54.779 on the last word in the first line, but also 00:08:54.779 --> 00:09:01.820 how the letter starts. So it's got the addressee 00:09:01.820 --> 00:09:10.600 sanctissime patrie Patriae? Well, Most Holy Father. 00:09:11.360 --> 00:09:17.820 And then it says, Dudum iteratis. And that phrase 00:09:17.820 --> 00:09:23.500 means something like, a while ago we repeated. 00:09:24.500 --> 00:09:31.299 Or it's actually like a passive participle. And 00:09:31.299 --> 00:09:38.519 so it's something like, having repeated a while 00:09:38.519 --> 00:09:43.500 ago, but that's not quite right. It's something 00:09:43.500 --> 00:09:48.580 about how there was a repetition a while ago, 00:09:48.580 --> 00:09:51.799 and what this is all setting up is what's on 00:09:51.799 --> 00:09:56.399 the second line, the letters that were presented 00:09:56.399 --> 00:10:03.990 to the Pope from us, the royal we. Okay, so that 00:10:03.990 --> 00:10:09.830 much is clear that this is a reiteration of letters 00:10:09.830 --> 00:10:13.909 that came before. But that's not all, because 00:10:13.909 --> 00:10:16.750 the last word of the first line, which is the 00:10:16.750 --> 00:10:21.429 one that hinges this interpretation for tone, 00:10:22.230 --> 00:10:29.190 that last word, quadruplicatis. quadruplicate 00:10:29.190 --> 00:10:34.629 so four it's been done four times so it's like 00:10:34.629 --> 00:10:40.830 I mean I kind of if you are writing to somebody 00:10:40.830 --> 00:10:46.870 and you start out your letter or like even let's 00:10:46.870 --> 00:10:50.289 let's make it current day like you're sending 00:10:50.289 --> 00:10:57.200 a DM to somebody a text message yeah and you 00:10:57.200 --> 00:11:01.899 say something at the beginning like, this is 00:11:01.899 --> 00:11:07.279 the fourth time I am asking you. I think it's 00:11:07.279 --> 00:11:13.039 very difficult to interpret that as just a friendly 00:11:13.039 --> 00:11:17.879 reminder because if you're stating that basically, 00:11:17.879 --> 00:11:21.039 you know, you've already approached that person 00:11:21.039 --> 00:11:27.570 on this topic four times, It's really, you know, 00:11:27.809 --> 00:11:33.470 I think revealing that you're frustrated. And 00:11:33.470 --> 00:11:37.370 also it raises this question of, do you think 00:11:37.370 --> 00:11:41.409 this is going to result in the outcome you desire? 00:11:41.889 --> 00:11:46.529 Because if you have to ask a fifth time for something, 00:11:47.470 --> 00:11:51.490 it probably means the person is not going to 00:11:51.490 --> 00:11:56.940 be doing it. But... I guess Joan is like, well, 00:11:56.940 --> 00:12:01.139 you know, maybe the fifth time is the charm for 00:12:01.139 --> 00:12:05.700 this thing that he's asking for. What is he asking 00:12:05.700 --> 00:12:09.240 for in this letter? We are really, we don't know. 00:12:09.679 --> 00:12:13.799 And when I say we, I am including, it's not the 00:12:13.799 --> 00:12:17.000 royal we, it's the me plus the large language 00:12:17.000 --> 00:12:23.919 models. I am really trying to find the... nouns 00:12:23.919 --> 00:12:28.879 in this letter that will help to unlock what 00:12:28.879 --> 00:12:35.080 it is that Joan is you know trying to get and 00:12:35.080 --> 00:12:40.240 it's taking five times for him to get it but 00:12:40.240 --> 00:12:43.659 it's been rough in terms of even finding that 00:12:43.659 --> 00:12:49.179 information and I have already put in about an 00:12:49.179 --> 00:12:52.620 hour and a half working on this Latin document 00:12:52.620 --> 00:12:56.960 and so I think I'm just gonna have to pause on 00:12:56.960 --> 00:12:59.440 the mystery of because you might not even find 00:12:59.440 --> 00:13:02.779 it because a lot of times when they're writing 00:13:02.779 --> 00:13:07.059 these letters they're just referring to it vaguely 00:13:07.059 --> 00:13:09.759 right we've seen that again and again you know 00:13:09.759 --> 00:13:14.639 these affairs or that earlier request or whatever 00:13:14.639 --> 00:13:20.179 so maybe we'll find a letter from Violant that 00:13:20.179 --> 00:13:25.159 helps to clarify what it is that Joan is asking 00:13:25.159 --> 00:13:33.100 for for a fifth time. Alright, so quite dissatisfying 00:13:33.100 --> 00:13:37.100 with the document of today, but in order to make 00:13:37.100 --> 00:13:39.419 us feel better about that, I've got a couple 00:13:39.419 --> 00:13:43.639 little gems from the surrounding letters on these 00:13:43.639 --> 00:13:51.990 folios. So the first letter on folio 24 v the 00:13:51.990 --> 00:13:55.370 letter above the one we're talking about is to 00:13:55.370 --> 00:14:01.269 another count and i'm and i'm not quite sure 00:14:01.269 --> 00:14:07.429 who this is Joan identifies this person as 00:14:07.429 --> 00:14:16.919 a nebot so the letter starts that means nephew. 00:14:18.039 --> 00:14:20.620 So Joan is writing to someone who he identifies 00:14:20.620 --> 00:14:25.519 as his nephew. If it's someone from his side 00:14:25.519 --> 00:14:31.320 of the family, it probably has to be the one 00:14:31.320 --> 00:14:35.580 of the two sons of his half -sister, Joanna, 00:14:35.740 --> 00:14:44.059 who was the daughter of pair in his first marriage 00:14:44.059 --> 00:14:48.080 before Joan's mother. So it could be them. 00:14:48.080 --> 00:14:53.299 It could also be someone on Violant's side, and 00:14:53.299 --> 00:14:56.840 there is an Addressee line, and I'm going to 00:14:56.840 --> 00:15:01.059 try to track down a little bit more about who 00:15:01.059 --> 00:15:05.600 is being identified there in that Addressee line. 00:15:05.600 --> 00:15:09.620 I don't recognize it right away. It says Comte. 00:15:22.000 --> 00:15:25.399 So that even looks like something that's not 00:15:25.399 --> 00:15:29.379 a place name. So I'm gonna have to dig a little 00:15:29.379 --> 00:15:31.720 bit for that. But the reason that I brought this 00:15:31.720 --> 00:15:34.940 up, I wanted to talk about this letter. There's 00:15:34.940 --> 00:15:38.440 a little gem in it. I mean, most of it is just 00:15:38.440 --> 00:15:44.370 talking about he was just saying, I hope everything 00:15:44.370 --> 00:15:48.129 is good with you. He does refer in the middle 00:15:48.129 --> 00:15:54.230 of it to his accident, his misfortune, and calls 00:15:54.230 --> 00:16:04.850 it a desponicio de nuestra persona. So he is 00:16:04.850 --> 00:16:09.779 his person, his which I think means his his body 00:16:09.779 --> 00:16:16.399 is in this was in this state of being you know 00:16:16.399 --> 00:16:21.019 undisposed or not quite sure exactly how to Translate 00:16:21.019 --> 00:16:23.700 that and also the paleography is a little hard 00:16:23.700 --> 00:16:26.799 to make out exactly what word it is But you know 00:16:26.799 --> 00:16:32.740 nothing super revelatory but then in the third 00:16:32.740 --> 00:16:41.019 to last line he is asking this person, his nephew, 00:16:41.940 --> 00:16:51.940 to send him some bells labrers de Bretanya. 00:16:53.360 --> 00:17:07.170 And I think, let's see, then he says, So I think 00:17:07.170 --> 00:17:14.950 he is asking in that second half for, um, maybe 00:17:14.950 --> 00:17:19.009 a servant that his, the person he's sending this 00:17:19.009 --> 00:17:25.970 to is, um, well recommended. But the Lebreres 00:17:25.970 --> 00:17:31.950 de Bretanya, that's, so these are dogs. Lebreres 00:17:31.950 --> 00:17:38.259 are like hunting dogs. so he wants some beautiful 00:17:38.259 --> 00:17:41.740 or or very good bells les prayers so he wants 00:17:41.740 --> 00:17:49.000 some beautiful dogs of i think that's uh brittany 00:17:49.000 --> 00:17:55.440 Bretanya i think would be brittany and not like 00:17:55.440 --> 00:18:00.880 great britain but uh not 100 sure about that 00:18:00.880 --> 00:18:05.710 so that's a little jet so this is joan's passion 00:18:05.710 --> 00:18:10.349 for hunting dogs so he we saw it in earlier letter 00:18:10.349 --> 00:18:13.289 from sort of the beginning of the podcast whereas 00:18:13.289 --> 00:18:17.509 his father is dying he asks his brother to secure 00:18:17.509 --> 00:18:20.569 for him a bunch of pears stuff and one of those 00:18:20.569 --> 00:18:24.509 things is a particular hunting dog and now we've 00:18:24.509 --> 00:18:29.609 got another reference to joan seeking out some 00:18:29.609 --> 00:18:33.400 really great hunting dogs from Britannia, so 00:18:33.400 --> 00:18:35.940 that's exciting. The other thing that I wanted 00:18:35.940 --> 00:18:39.859 to point out is in the letter that follows the 00:18:39.859 --> 00:18:42.740 document of today that I wasn't quite able to 00:18:42.740 --> 00:18:47.980 get as far in as I would like. So on 25R, the 00:18:47.980 --> 00:18:51.039 letter that begins in the second half of the 00:18:51.039 --> 00:18:57.059 folio is to an interesting correspondent. So 00:18:57.059 --> 00:19:03.750 the beginning of it reads Don Johann etc. So 00:19:03.750 --> 00:19:08.829 that's just him stating himself. So this letter 00:19:08.829 --> 00:19:12.690 does not begin in the first couple words with 00:19:12.690 --> 00:19:14.930 the addressee. We've seen this before where Violant 00:19:14.930 --> 00:19:19.430 will start her letter with la reyna or her titles 00:19:19.430 --> 00:19:22.390 or something like that. So it's really interesting 00:19:22.390 --> 00:19:25.450 how you can have that option where, like in the 00:19:25.450 --> 00:19:28.589 document of today, the first words are the addressee. 00:19:28.960 --> 00:19:32.579 And now in this document that we're about to 00:19:32.579 --> 00:19:37.619 go deeper into, the first names that appear are 00:19:37.619 --> 00:19:45.200 the sender. So the addressee comes after the 00:19:45.200 --> 00:19:51.319 word al. So we have Don, Johan, et cetera, meaning 00:19:51.319 --> 00:19:54.160 all his titles. And then we have a capital A 00:19:54.160 --> 00:20:00.940 and then L for all. And what this then says is, 00:20:01.299 --> 00:20:09.759 Al muy noble e muy honrado Don Mohamed, Fillo de 00:20:09.759 --> 00:20:15.079 Abdul Haziz is what's there. But I think that 00:20:15.079 --> 00:20:19.039 would be Abdul Haziz. We had shadow piping in 00:20:19.039 --> 00:20:23.490 there just a moment ago. All right, so. Then, 00:20:23.789 --> 00:20:29.890 after Abdul Haziz, we have the phrase, Fillo de 00:20:29.890 --> 00:20:35.970 Ismael, Fillo de Nazar. So this whole string of 00:20:35.970 --> 00:20:41.349 son of, son of, son of. And then we have Rey 00:20:41.349 --> 00:20:49.849 de Granada, de Malaga, del Maria, de Cuadish, 00:20:50.490 --> 00:21:11.180 de Roda. And then we have an abbreviation that 00:21:11.180 --> 00:21:16.569 I cannot quite make out. And then one more place 00:21:16.569 --> 00:21:24.009 name that looks something like Dininos. So anyway, 00:21:24.430 --> 00:21:29.250 Joan has listed out all of the names in the 00:21:29.250 --> 00:21:33.930 lineage of Muhammad, the current king of Granada. 00:21:34.329 --> 00:21:40.170 And then he after that lists out all of the realms 00:21:40.170 --> 00:21:46.869 that are the territories under the kingdom of 00:21:46.869 --> 00:21:55.730 Granada, and then he goes on to talk about how, 00:21:55.930 --> 00:21:59.650 you know, they want to be friends, but there's 00:21:59.650 --> 00:22:04.869 been depredations with certain merchant shipments, 00:22:04.869 --> 00:22:08.130 and this is a common thing, and this actually 00:22:08.480 --> 00:22:13.500 is going to be again and again a topic that Joan 00:22:13.500 --> 00:22:18.119 and actually Violant get into with the King 00:22:18.119 --> 00:22:22.220 of Granada where there's very regular, I wouldn't 00:22:22.220 --> 00:22:24.779 say it's happening like every day, it's like 00:22:24.779 --> 00:22:28.440 a few times a year there are merchant shipments 00:22:28.440 --> 00:22:37.119 that get seized by groups groups of Muslims in 00:22:37.119 --> 00:22:44.279 ports in Grenada and so in those situations and 00:22:44.279 --> 00:22:46.480 there's one in particular that I've studied a 00:22:46.480 --> 00:22:51.200 little bit more in depth there's basically a 00:22:51.200 --> 00:22:55.019 ransom demand or they're just taking all the 00:22:55.019 --> 00:22:59.869 stuff and In the example that I have looked at 00:22:59.869 --> 00:23:04.869 from a few years down the line, what ends up 00:23:04.869 --> 00:23:12.170 happening is that the merchant who was the financier 00:23:12.170 --> 00:23:17.319 of one of these ships that that got captured 00:23:17.319 --> 00:23:21.220 by a group of Muslims in one of the ports of 00:23:21.220 --> 00:23:26.299 Granada, he goes to Joan and says, help me to 00:23:26.299 --> 00:23:30.900 arrange for the ransom of the crew and the products. 00:23:30.940 --> 00:23:35.859 And as the correspondence continues, basically 00:23:35.859 --> 00:23:41.180 the king of Granada tells Joan, sorry, all of 00:23:41.180 --> 00:23:44.339 the crew members of that ship have converted 00:23:44.339 --> 00:23:50.750 to Islam now. and so it's a really interesting 00:23:50.750 --> 00:23:55.170 moment in the story of interfaith encounter on 00:23:55.170 --> 00:24:00.130 the Iberian Peninsula, and this idea that you 00:24:00.130 --> 00:24:04.609 could end up having people converting to Islam. 00:24:05.250 --> 00:24:08.769 It could have been like a cover story, like maybe 00:24:08.769 --> 00:24:12.990 they didn't all convert to Islam, but just the 00:24:12.990 --> 00:24:17.569 fact that the king of Granada says that that's 00:24:17.569 --> 00:24:22.650 what happened is reflective of how that is a 00:24:22.650 --> 00:24:28.430 plausible fate for the group of sailors merchant 00:24:28.430 --> 00:24:32.470 sailors that had been captured so all of this 00:24:32.470 --> 00:24:39.670 is to say that the Shipments that were going 00:24:39.670 --> 00:24:43.970 around the Mediterranean and when I say around 00:24:44.220 --> 00:24:47.940 remember all of these boats were were very close 00:24:47.940 --> 00:24:51.359 to the shores almost all their routes were close 00:24:51.359 --> 00:24:54.680 to the shores because it was safer they were 00:24:54.680 --> 00:25:00.660 vulnerable to capture so Christians would capture 00:25:00.660 --> 00:25:04.059 Muslim ships Muslims would capture Christian 00:25:04.059 --> 00:25:09.819 ships and there was an economy of ransom in the 00:25:09.819 --> 00:25:11.599 Mediterranean in the Middle Ages, and there's 00:25:11.599 --> 00:25:13.779 a really great article on that that I'll put 00:25:13.779 --> 00:25:18.799 a link to in the webpage for today's episode. 00:25:19.220 --> 00:25:24.140 But that is part of the explanation for why at 00:25:24.140 --> 00:25:30.059 the bottom of this folio, Joan starts to talk 00:25:30.059 --> 00:25:37.380 about the transportation that happens in the 00:25:37.380 --> 00:25:40.000 zones between the countries. So they also share 00:25:40.000 --> 00:25:42.099 a border, so there's like land transportation 00:25:42.099 --> 00:25:45.740 too, but I think that what's being referred to 00:25:45.740 --> 00:25:55.000 here are the at times very troublesome piracy 00:25:55.000 --> 00:25:59.960 actions that characterize the way that people 00:25:59.960 --> 00:26:07.160 in the merchant realm had to kind of... contend 00:26:07.160 --> 00:26:13.920 with as they were doing their journeys of trading 00:26:13.920 --> 00:26:18.680 goods and so forth. All right, so we got a bunch 00:26:18.680 --> 00:26:24.460 of different things. This document about the 00:26:24.460 --> 00:26:27.059 about the relations between the Crown of Aragon 00:26:27.059 --> 00:26:32.960 and Granada was also sent on March 12th. So we 00:26:32.960 --> 00:26:37.839 have definitely a two -for -one situation here, 00:26:38.119 --> 00:26:42.640 and then the letter about the dogs from Bretanya 00:26:42.640 --> 00:26:46.359 that was from March 11th. Thanks for listening 00:26:46.359 --> 00:26:51.079 to this episode of The Historian's Notebook, 00:26:51.380 --> 00:26:56.519 season one, Molt Cara Companyona. If you are leaving 00:26:56.519 --> 00:26:58.940 with more questions than you arrived with, I 00:26:58.940 --> 00:27:03.420 have done my job. because remember, the motto 00:27:03.420 --> 00:27:07.740 of the Historian's Notebook is dissatisfaction 00:27:07.740 --> 00:27:11.380 guaranteed. Visit the website to see an image 00:27:11.380 --> 00:27:15.759 of today's documents and additional show notes, 00:27:16.180 --> 00:27:19.099 and listen again tomorrow to hear about the next 00:27:19.099 --> 00:27:22.779 day in the first year of the reign of King Joan 00:27:22.779 --> 00:27:27.519 I of Aragon and Queen Violant de Bar. In the 00:27:27.519 --> 00:27:31.490 meantime, take care.