WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:05.860 Hello. In The Crown of Aragon, 639 years ago, 00:00:06.360 --> 00:00:13.359 it was March 6, 1387. My name is Jonathan Seyfried. 00:00:13.820 --> 00:00:17.339 I'm a PhD candidate in history at the University 00:00:17.339 --> 00:00:21.339 of New Mexico. And this is the Historian's Notebook, 00:00:21.719 --> 00:00:26.440 a podcast about how history gets made. Season 00:00:26.440 --> 00:00:30.550 one is titled Molt Cara Companyona. We're looking 00:00:30.550 --> 00:00:33.689 at a document from each day of the first year 00:00:33.689 --> 00:00:38.409 of the reign of King Joan I of Aragon and Queen 00:00:38.409 --> 00:00:42.549 Violant de Bar. Let's begin today's document. 00:01:06.000 --> 00:01:10.819 So we're supposed to be doing a document per 00:01:10.819 --> 00:01:17.540 day for Joan and Violant. And today we're 00:01:17.540 --> 00:01:23.200 going to kind of bend that rule a bit. We've 00:01:23.200 --> 00:01:27.640 got a bunch of documents and one of them actually 00:01:27.640 --> 00:01:33.700 takes us back in time to late February. So just 00:01:33.700 --> 00:01:38.510 a... about a week or 10 days or so prior to March 00:01:38.510 --> 00:01:43.530 6th. And the reason for that is I was learning 00:01:43.530 --> 00:01:48.230 a little bit more about how to navigate the system 00:01:48.230 --> 00:01:53.680 of dating and. ordering in these registers, and 00:01:53.680 --> 00:01:58.620 I was working for a long time on the document 00:01:58.620 --> 00:02:00.959 that we're going to start with today, which is 00:02:00.959 --> 00:02:05.620 actually dated on the 27th of February. And the 00:02:05.620 --> 00:02:09.680 reason I got confused, you'll see if you look 00:02:09.680 --> 00:02:14.460 at the image for folio 17v, because it looks 00:02:14.460 --> 00:02:17.219 like there's a little letter at the top that 00:02:17.259 --> 00:02:22.419 finishes and then the probata for that letter 00:02:22.419 --> 00:02:27.479 of about I think it's eight lines is off to the 00:02:27.479 --> 00:02:31.659 right hand side of the folio and then it's not 00:02:31.659 --> 00:02:35.919 too uncommon for the next thing unrelated to 00:02:35.919 --> 00:02:41.319 that probata to start on pretty much like the 00:02:41.319 --> 00:02:46.689 same level on the page like horizontally right 00:02:46.689 --> 00:02:50.189 next to it, like what we see here. So we've got 00:02:50.189 --> 00:02:55.009 this interesting new shape. There's a lot of 00:02:55.009 --> 00:02:57.389 squiggly lines that the scribes like to use. 00:02:57.750 --> 00:03:01.490 Here we have what looks like a big C, and then 00:03:01.490 --> 00:03:04.530 a line down, and then a horizontal line with 00:03:04.530 --> 00:03:08.189 some little squigglies in the middle. And these 00:03:08.189 --> 00:03:13.740 had different meanings, and they're haven't yet 00:03:13.740 --> 00:03:17.020 found a source that explains all of them, so 00:03:17.020 --> 00:03:20.479 I think when we have a dividing line like this, 00:03:20.699 --> 00:03:24.759 it has some kind of meaning attached to it that 00:03:24.759 --> 00:03:27.139 the scribes would have known, but maybe has been 00:03:27.139 --> 00:03:31.259 lost to time. And so it's not uncommon in this 00:03:31.259 --> 00:03:35.639 situation, looking at this document, to say, 00:03:36.400 --> 00:03:39.960 and rightfully so, that what appears on the second 00:03:39.960 --> 00:03:44.289 two -thirds of the page is something unrelated 00:03:44.289 --> 00:03:47.669 to what appears at the top. It turns out that 00:03:47.669 --> 00:03:51.830 I was wrong in thinking that in this situation, 00:03:51.830 --> 00:03:55.210 but what it led me to do is to keep flipping 00:03:55.210 --> 00:03:59.430 forward to try to find a date. And so looking 00:03:59.430 --> 00:04:06.669 at the next folio, which is 18R, there's no date. 00:04:07.020 --> 00:04:13.080 And so I turned again and then got to a series 00:04:13.080 --> 00:04:21.699 of letters that are dated March 6th. OK, another 00:04:21.699 --> 00:04:26.120 thing that led me to conflate what I saw on folio 00:04:26.120 --> 00:04:31.720 18V, which is three letters all dated March 6th 00:04:31.720 --> 00:04:37.019 with the two folios that came before. Back on 00:04:37.019 --> 00:04:41.699 February 28th, we talked about letters that Violant 00:04:41.699 --> 00:04:47.379 had written to the Pope authorizing Luchino Scarampi, 00:04:47.680 --> 00:04:53.860 the Genoese financier, to talk to the Pope about 00:04:53.860 --> 00:04:58.319 marriage negotiations for Joan and Violant's 00:04:58.319 --> 00:05:03.500 daughter, Yolande of Aragon. And here we have 00:05:03.720 --> 00:05:09.879 three letters that follow the same pattern of 00:05:09.879 --> 00:05:14.279 salutation as those three letters from February 00:05:14.279 --> 00:05:18.660 28th. My Latin group is still working on those 00:05:18.660 --> 00:05:21.759 February 28th letters, so I have them top of 00:05:21.759 --> 00:05:26.560 mind. So when I saw this on folio 18v in Joan's 00:05:26.560 --> 00:05:30.240 register, I immediately recognized, okay, we've 00:05:30.240 --> 00:05:36.339 got the serenissime et beatissime pater for the 00:05:36.339 --> 00:05:40.199 pope. And then we've got two letters each with 00:05:40.199 --> 00:05:48.420 reverende pater et amice carissime for some 00:05:48.420 --> 00:05:53.600 other groups of clerics. It also turns out that 00:05:53.600 --> 00:05:59.620 we have specified clerics. listed for the second 00:05:59.620 --> 00:06:04.240 and third letter in this three -letter set on 00:06:04.240 --> 00:06:06.800 Joan's register, and that might help us to 00:06:06.800 --> 00:06:10.720 figure out who the intended recipients were for 00:06:10.720 --> 00:06:14.879 the letters in Violant's register that followed 00:06:14.879 --> 00:06:21.740 the same group of three pattern. So, okay, that's 00:06:21.740 --> 00:06:28.189 a lot to say that it made me connect the stuff 00:06:28.189 --> 00:06:32.769 that had come before, which is about Scarampi 00:06:32.769 --> 00:06:36.930 and about the marriage, to the date of March 00:06:36.930 --> 00:06:41.209 6th. But now that I've been looking at this for 00:06:41.209 --> 00:06:45.689 a while, I'm thinking that the information that's 00:06:45.689 --> 00:06:52.000 on the second two -thirds of The second part, 00:06:52.199 --> 00:06:55.639 the second and third. Oh gosh, what am I trying 00:06:55.639 --> 00:07:01.019 to say here? The bottom 60 % of folio 17v. I 00:07:01.019 --> 00:07:05.560 think that information is actually connected 00:07:05.560 --> 00:07:10.879 to the February 27th letter, but I can't be completely 00:07:10.879 --> 00:07:14.459 sure about that. It's just what I'm guessing 00:07:14.459 --> 00:07:21.620 now. And likewise for the end of that. information 00:07:21.620 --> 00:07:29.759 on folio 18R. Okay, so before we go further along, 00:07:29.839 --> 00:07:32.560 because there's actually eight folios that I 00:07:32.560 --> 00:07:35.500 want to talk about today, I just want to cover 00:07:35.500 --> 00:07:44.060 what's going on in folio 17V and folio 18R. Folio 00:07:44.060 --> 00:07:50.639 17V begins with an authorization for Luchino Scarampi 00:07:50.639 --> 00:07:57.199 to carry out negotiations for the marriage of 00:07:57.199 --> 00:08:02.100 Joan and Violant's daughter. To who? To Louis 00:08:02.100 --> 00:08:06.660 of Anjou. And I actually got really confused 00:08:06.660 --> 00:08:15.480 because... On the first line of the, gosh, it's 00:08:15.480 --> 00:08:18.160 the chunk that's right below where it says the 00:08:18.160 --> 00:08:22.420 capitula credentiae super addicte, so that heading 00:08:22.420 --> 00:08:26.759 in the middle separates out what's coming below 00:08:26.759 --> 00:08:30.100 from the letter above, and then the first chunk 00:08:30.100 --> 00:08:37.289 reads, and this is in Catalan, sobre Fet del 00:08:37.289 --> 00:08:46.049 matrimoni tractador del rei Loys de Sicilia e 00:08:46.049 --> 00:08:49.730 de... and then some other stuff. Okay, so this 00:08:49.730 --> 00:08:53.649 whole L -O -Y -S got me really confused because 00:08:53.649 --> 00:08:58.950 I didn't... I thought it was like a region. because 00:08:58.950 --> 00:09:05.230 I hadn't quite settled on Sicilia as the transcription 00:09:05.230 --> 00:09:10.529 there for what came after the day. And so I got 00:09:10.529 --> 00:09:15.309 really just off into some weird thinking about 00:09:15.309 --> 00:09:21.889 this. But then what I did is I went to the Diccionario 00:09:22.570 --> 00:09:25.850 uh, let's see, what is it? The Catalan Valence 00:09:25.850 --> 00:09:29.789 Balaeri. And that's like the Oxford English Dictionary, 00:09:29.809 --> 00:09:34.190 but for like Catalan and Valencian. And so I 00:09:34.190 --> 00:09:38.750 put in L -O -Y -S, and it came back as Luis. 00:09:39.450 --> 00:09:43.230 Luis. So that's Louis. So that's the person that, 00:09:43.230 --> 00:09:46.169 indeed, Joan and Violant's daughter, who's known 00:09:46.169 --> 00:09:50.549 as Yolande of Aragon, that's who she ended up 00:09:50.549 --> 00:09:55.330 marrying. And so what we are looking at are little 00:09:55.330 --> 00:10:01.149 articles that specify some of the terms of the 00:10:01.149 --> 00:10:07.490 marriage negotiation for the daughter of Joan 00:10:07.490 --> 00:10:11.490 and Violant to Louis of Anjou, who at this time 00:10:11.490 --> 00:10:19.440 was known as King Louis of Sicily. for reasons 00:10:19.440 --> 00:10:21.259 that are so complicated, because I know I've 00:10:21.259 --> 00:10:24.159 already talked about how Sicily was like a territory 00:10:24.159 --> 00:10:26.960 of the Crown of Aragon, but alas, we don't have 00:10:26.960 --> 00:10:29.639 time to dig into that in all that much detail 00:10:29.639 --> 00:10:33.840 right now. I'll link to an episode prior where 00:10:33.840 --> 00:10:37.259 I talked about Sicily a little bit more. The 00:10:37.259 --> 00:10:39.419 thing I want to point out about some of these 00:10:39.419 --> 00:10:41.700 marriage terms, and there's a couple different 00:10:41.879 --> 00:10:46.320 things being addressed here, but the dowry amount 00:10:46.320 --> 00:10:51.500 is listed, and it's listed. Get this. It's listed 00:10:51.500 --> 00:11:01.259 as 100 ,000 florins. Oh my gosh. That is so much 00:11:01.259 --> 00:11:07.860 money. And when I saw that it was 100 ,000 florins 00:11:07.860 --> 00:11:13.399 as the dowry, I had something click in my mind 00:11:13.399 --> 00:11:18.360 about why it is that Luchino Scarampi is in 00:11:18.360 --> 00:11:21.759 charge, because I think he's going to be the 00:11:21.759 --> 00:11:26.460 one that facilitates the transfer of that gigantic 00:11:26.460 --> 00:11:33.000 sum. Cannot be in coins. It's just too much to 00:11:33.000 --> 00:11:37.179 be able to gather all of that physical coinage, 00:11:37.340 --> 00:11:41.200 so this is definitely a money of account. There 00:11:41.200 --> 00:11:45.639 were certain times where coins were required, 00:11:46.299 --> 00:11:51.039 such as when paying a ransom, like if you were 00:11:51.039 --> 00:11:58.399 talking about some kind of active piracy, then 00:11:58.399 --> 00:12:02.899 there might be a requirement to make the payment 00:12:02.899 --> 00:12:07.419 in coin. But this is almost certainly going to 00:12:07.419 --> 00:12:11.399 be carried out as a payment of account, meaning 00:12:11.399 --> 00:12:15.240 that it's just going to be a transfer on paper. 00:12:15.779 --> 00:12:20.700 And for that amount of money, you're going to 00:12:20.700 --> 00:12:26.500 have to have some sophisticated financial infrastructure. 00:12:26.500 --> 00:12:30.679 And I think that Luchino Scarampi is the one 00:12:30.679 --> 00:12:36.759 that can provide that for this transaction. One 00:12:36.759 --> 00:12:42.480 other thing to point out about this set of terms 00:12:42.480 --> 00:12:45.879 for the marriage negotiation that is entrusted 00:12:45.879 --> 00:12:56.639 to Scarampi. At the end of it on Folio 18R, notice 00:12:56.639 --> 00:13:03.019 the probata. It's super interesting because it's 00:13:03.019 --> 00:13:10.360 actually both Bartolomeo Sirvent, who is Violante's 00:13:10.360 --> 00:13:13.159 scribe. And actually, Bartolomeo Sirvent did 00:13:13.159 --> 00:13:17.379 the letter on the previous folio, too. And then 00:13:17.379 --> 00:13:24.019 here, though, it's Bartolomeo Sirvent being given, 00:13:24.700 --> 00:13:28.320 commanded this by the king. And then below that, 00:13:28.320 --> 00:13:33.240 in line three of the probata, we also have the 00:13:33.240 --> 00:13:39.620 queen Domina Regina. So they're co -writing this 00:13:39.620 --> 00:13:44.600 through the scribe Bartolomeo Sirvent. This 00:13:44.600 --> 00:13:49.440 is not just Joan and that's really important 00:13:49.440 --> 00:13:51.919 because you might think initially, because it's 00:13:51.919 --> 00:13:55.120 in his register, that this should be attributed 00:13:55.120 --> 00:13:59.539 to Joann. It's not. This document is written 00:13:59.710 --> 00:14:03.110 by both of them together, and there's no way 00:14:03.110 --> 00:14:07.289 to deny that level of cooperation based on this 00:14:07.289 --> 00:14:10.210 probata, and also the fact that violante scribe 00:14:10.210 --> 00:14:14.470 is taking the lead. That's interesting. All right, 00:14:14.470 --> 00:14:21.129 now we're on folio 18V turning the page. And 00:14:21.129 --> 00:14:24.330 here we've got the three letters that I mentioned 00:14:24.330 --> 00:14:28.379 before, already kind of talked about these. that 00:14:28.379 --> 00:14:31.820 we've got the same pattern as what Violant had 00:14:31.820 --> 00:14:36.120 in her three letters that she sent along with 00:14:36.120 --> 00:14:40.960 Luchino Scarampi, but why are these letters that 00:14:40.960 --> 00:14:44.840 Joan has written, and it's joan's scribe 00:14:44.840 --> 00:14:51.440 here, his name is Pere de Beniure, why is it that 00:14:51.440 --> 00:14:55.590 these letters are several days later on March 00:14:55.590 --> 00:14:59.690 6th. They match the pattern of Violant's letters 00:14:59.690 --> 00:15:05.870 from February 28th. That is a mystery to me. 00:15:06.990 --> 00:15:09.929 The clues about the destination of the second 00:15:09.929 --> 00:15:14.070 and third letter are that the second letter has 00:15:14.070 --> 00:15:19.549 an addressee line, fuet missa collegio cardinalium. 00:15:19.820 --> 00:15:23.799 So, the College of Cardinals. And then the third 00:15:23.799 --> 00:15:32.240 letter has an addressee line. Fuit, Missa, Cardinal, 00:15:32.759 --> 00:15:38.059 maybe this could be singular, Cardinal, Emrudenem, 00:15:38.559 --> 00:15:41.980 or Denen. It's hard to read because the scribe 00:15:41.980 --> 00:15:45.480 actually crossed out another Cardinal's name 00:15:45.480 --> 00:15:49.190 there. Although it seems like... Well, is this 00:15:49.190 --> 00:15:53.509 a single cardinal or is it? I guess it's I guess 00:15:53.509 --> 00:15:56.049 it's single. Yeah, because you can see that it's 00:15:56.049 --> 00:16:01.610 in the nouns are in singular endings in the beginning. 00:16:02.049 --> 00:16:08.529 So that's interesting. OK, so now turning the 00:16:08.529 --> 00:16:13.669 page, we have a new capitula at the top. This 00:16:13.669 --> 00:16:18.409 is also going to be dated. March 6th, you have 00:16:18.409 --> 00:16:23.230 to flip forward a couple pages in order to get 00:16:23.230 --> 00:16:27.309 to where you would find the date all the way 00:16:27.309 --> 00:16:34.450 to folio 21 R. So I think that's where we see 00:16:34.450 --> 00:16:38.250 that this is still March 6th and we don't have 00:16:38.250 --> 00:16:43.620 a date until we get there. and what begins on 00:16:43.620 --> 00:16:51.720 folio 19r and ends on folio 21r is this long 00:16:51.720 --> 00:17:00.000 list of of items gosh i would i i said items 00:17:00.000 --> 00:17:03.419 because the word etem is used at the beginning 00:17:03.419 --> 00:17:05.660 of each paragraph, and it's just so tempting 00:17:05.660 --> 00:17:08.779 to say it's an item. But item actually means 00:17:08.779 --> 00:17:16.539 likewise. So these different, do we call them 00:17:16.539 --> 00:17:21.619 requests? Do we call them demands? Do we call 00:17:21.619 --> 00:17:26.380 them points? I'm not quite sure because I don't 00:17:26.380 --> 00:17:33.420 know how much Joann's clout is in relation to 00:17:33.420 --> 00:17:40.440 the Avignon Pope. The ambassadors have been appointed, 00:17:40.440 --> 00:17:47.160 and these points are ones that were given to 00:17:47.160 --> 00:17:51.640 them to take to the Pope. How do I know that? 00:17:51.980 --> 00:17:58.220 The top of the folio has this capitula credentiae 00:17:58.220 --> 00:18:05.160 ambassia toribus andictis. That means that this 00:18:05.160 --> 00:18:12.000 is the section of credentials for the ambassadors 00:18:12.000 --> 00:18:16.680 that have been appointed. So, Shewan is appointed 00:18:16.680 --> 00:18:23.779 ambassadors to go to Avignon and to present these 00:18:23.779 --> 00:18:30.710 these requests or or I I don't know if they're 00:18:30.710 --> 00:18:34.809 requests or if they're more like expected, like 00:18:34.809 --> 00:18:37.609 whether Joan is expecting them to be fulfilled. 00:18:38.250 --> 00:18:44.809 So that is a question that maybe I can get at 00:18:44.809 --> 00:18:47.849 if I do a little bit more research about how 00:18:47.849 --> 00:18:53.440 much leverage Joan had. It's really interesting 00:18:53.440 --> 00:18:56.660 that Luchino Scarampi is going to take care 00:18:56.660 --> 00:18:59.700 of the wedding negotiation, and that negotiation 00:18:59.700 --> 00:19:03.859 is taking place in Avignon. And then Joan has 00:19:03.859 --> 00:19:07.779 appointed some other ambassadors, specifically 00:19:07.779 --> 00:19:16.319 a knight named Pere d'Artes, and also the Archbishop 00:19:16.319 --> 00:19:20.160 of Zaragoza, whose name is Garcia, and then 00:19:20.160 --> 00:19:25.690 another person who I think is a chamberlain named 00:19:25.690 --> 00:19:30.190 Raymond de Francia, and the three of them are 00:19:30.190 --> 00:19:36.190 going to go to Avignon and present these articles 00:19:36.190 --> 00:19:40.269 to—oh, I like that, the word article—these articles 00:19:40.269 --> 00:19:44.210 to the pope. And what's in these articles? It's 00:19:44.210 --> 00:19:47.650 a real grab bag of stuff. Some of it is like, 00:19:47.710 --> 00:19:52.700 I'd like that this particular monastery or abbey 00:19:52.700 --> 00:19:56.319 gets elevated to be a bishopric and then other 00:19:56.319 --> 00:20:03.319 things are specific to the status of office holders 00:20:03.319 --> 00:20:07.000 and who, and you can't double up on the office, 00:20:07.299 --> 00:20:10.400 the ecclesiastical office holders. There's certain 00:20:10.400 --> 00:20:14.259 objections that Joan is raising to foreigners, 00:20:14.500 --> 00:20:17.920 quote unquote foreigners, who are being appointed 00:20:17.920 --> 00:20:21.880 to ecclesiastical positions inside the crown 00:20:21.880 --> 00:20:24.880 of Aragon, and he does not like that and wants 00:20:24.880 --> 00:20:28.519 that to stop. And then there's this really interesting 00:20:28.700 --> 00:20:37.940 moment that is on Folio 19V and it's in the first 00:20:37.940 --> 00:20:47.799 article there, line seven has this phrase Bartolomeo 00:20:47.799 --> 00:20:54.720 antipope, the antipope. So Clement the 7th of 00:20:54.720 --> 00:20:58.319 Avignon has gone down in history as the antipope. 00:20:58.650 --> 00:21:03.430 but from the perspective of his supporters, with 00:21:03.430 --> 00:21:06.490 Joan being one of his most fervent supporters, 00:21:07.410 --> 00:21:12.490 the other pope, the one in Rome, is the one who's 00:21:12.490 --> 00:21:17.109 rightfully referred to as the anti -pope. So 00:21:17.109 --> 00:21:23.269 Joan here is addressing an issue that came up 00:21:23.269 --> 00:21:28.779 as a result of dealings with the in his mind, 00:21:29.019 --> 00:21:32.700 the wrong pope, the one in Rome. That one is 00:21:32.700 --> 00:21:35.700 the anti -pope. So what's being discussed here? 00:21:35.740 --> 00:21:41.599 Well, the line above, line six, is about his 00:21:41.599 --> 00:21:46.819 father. And in the middle of the line, we have 00:21:46.819 --> 00:21:54.220 the word indifferencia, which is, I think, a 00:21:54.220 --> 00:22:00.329 Catalan word that's been put in to this Latin 00:22:00.329 --> 00:22:09.990 paragraph. The indifferencia domini sui genitoris. 00:22:10.789 --> 00:22:15.630 So he's talking about his father's indifference. 00:22:16.349 --> 00:22:22.170 Pere refused to take a side in the Great Western 00:22:22.170 --> 00:22:29.119 Schism and consequences of that neutrality came 00:22:29.119 --> 00:22:33.200 down, I think, in terms of certain restrictions 00:22:33.200 --> 00:22:39.279 that or certain losses that now that Joan is 00:22:39.279 --> 00:22:43.160 throwing his full support behind Avignon Pope 00:22:43.160 --> 00:22:49.039 Clement VII, Joan wants these things to be restored 00:22:49.039 --> 00:22:53.670 and there's certain possessions, I think, that 00:22:53.670 --> 00:22:56.230 are being referred to here. I'm looking at a 00:22:56.230 --> 00:23:02.829 couple words after antipope on line seven, and 00:23:02.829 --> 00:23:07.190 I'm seeing that there's this possessorem, and 00:23:07.190 --> 00:23:14.849 so I think there's certain rights or even revenues 00:23:14.849 --> 00:23:18.630 that were restricted from the Crown of Aragon 00:23:18.630 --> 00:23:25.549 because pair refused to support wholeheartedly 00:23:25.549 --> 00:23:31.970 the Avignon Pope. All right. One other thing 00:23:31.970 --> 00:23:34.769 I want to point out in these articles, which 00:23:34.769 --> 00:23:38.309 are, you know, can get very in the weeds. I feel 00:23:38.309 --> 00:23:42.970 like, you know, if someone was doing a dissertation 00:23:42.970 --> 00:23:47.410 on the Great Western Schism and the Crown of 00:23:47.410 --> 00:23:51.740 Aragon, The documents that I'm looking at today, 00:23:52.299 --> 00:23:55.940 the eight folios in this register, they could 00:23:55.940 --> 00:23:59.140 be a whole dissertation chapter because of how 00:23:59.140 --> 00:24:03.160 much is packed in here and how how weedsy it 00:24:03.160 --> 00:24:06.440 can get. I did just want to point out something 00:24:06.440 --> 00:24:12.400 though, which is on folio 20 R. and it's in the 00:24:12.400 --> 00:24:18.380 article that is the third so there's a long chunky 00:24:18.380 --> 00:24:23.880 one and then the third article has in its last 00:24:23.880 --> 00:24:29.599 well second to last line a mention of innocent 00:24:29.599 --> 00:24:35.700 and urban so these are popes from long ago and 00:24:35.700 --> 00:24:39.099 i just wanted to point out that And it's not 00:24:39.099 --> 00:24:41.319 even all that important what's being discussed 00:24:41.319 --> 00:24:44.819 here in the article, but the larger point is 00:24:44.819 --> 00:24:51.099 that when the kings of this time were trying 00:24:51.099 --> 00:24:57.920 to justify what they wanted from the pope, they 00:24:57.920 --> 00:25:05.450 could reach back in history to decades and sometimes 00:25:05.450 --> 00:25:10.089 centuries earlier to this knowledge of what had 00:25:10.089 --> 00:25:13.170 been done in earlier times and the precedents 00:25:13.170 --> 00:25:18.269 and the patterns that had been set in place way 00:25:18.269 --> 00:25:22.569 long ago. And I think that this can even apply 00:25:22.569 --> 00:25:28.710 to something that appears at the very end of 00:25:28.710 --> 00:25:31.960 this list of articles where the name Gregory 00:25:31.960 --> 00:25:36.019 is mentioned. It's in the last line of Folio 00:25:36.019 --> 00:25:41.559 20V, and I think possibly this is a nod to how 00:25:41.559 --> 00:25:44.779 there's been this long tradition that Joann is 00:25:44.779 --> 00:25:46.880 saying he's aware of and that everything he's 00:25:46.880 --> 00:25:52.099 requesting is in line with. I think potentially 00:25:52.099 --> 00:25:56.599 this is some other Gregory, but... Yeah, my Latin 00:25:56.599 --> 00:25:58.960 and understanding of these documents is not good 00:25:58.960 --> 00:26:01.579 enough to really know for sure, but just the 00:26:01.579 --> 00:26:04.480 fact that Gregory, that name is mentioned, and 00:26:04.480 --> 00:26:09.279 that's got such an amazing cachet from, you know, 00:26:09.380 --> 00:26:12.440 the legacy of Gregory the Great. I think what 00:26:12.440 --> 00:26:18.349 we're seeing here is a display of in -depth knowledge 00:26:18.349 --> 00:26:23.930 of ecclesiastical history and a very sophisticated 00:26:23.930 --> 00:26:29.309 argument for all of these articles that are being 00:26:29.309 --> 00:26:35.849 justified. We're not even done, because on the 00:26:35.849 --> 00:26:39.410 eighth folio that we're looking at today we have 00:26:39.410 --> 00:26:46.269 yet another document from Joan This one on folio 00:26:46.269 --> 00:26:53.730 21R also dated March 6th. And then tomorrow we're 00:26:53.730 --> 00:26:56.710 going to look at the bottom half of this folio, 00:26:56.710 --> 00:27:00.130 where there's one from March 7th. But I just 00:27:00.130 --> 00:27:03.750 wanted to say that, you know, all of those prior 00:27:03.750 --> 00:27:08.470 letters to the clerics that we were looking at 00:27:08.470 --> 00:27:12.369 before all of the articles for the ambassadors 00:27:12.970 --> 00:27:17.849 That was not enough. There was some other person, 00:27:18.190 --> 00:27:21.589 and it seems like this letter was actually copied. 00:27:22.109 --> 00:27:26.630 There was some other person that needed to be 00:27:26.630 --> 00:27:30.210 addressed. And I think what we're looking at 00:27:30.210 --> 00:27:36.630 at the bottom of this letter is a addressee clause 00:27:36.630 --> 00:27:40.150 that's very similar to what we were looking at 00:27:40.150 --> 00:27:44.539 on February 28th. with the letters from Violant's 00:27:44.539 --> 00:27:50.059 that had no addressee. Because if you look at that 00:27:50.059 --> 00:27:57.019 addressee line at the bottom, we see similis, fuiter, 00:27:58.619 --> 00:28:01.359 and then two words I cannot quite make out, but 00:28:01.359 --> 00:28:03.799 then the last two words of that line are sine 00:28:03.799 --> 00:28:10.920 supra, then the last line, scripcione, and then 00:28:11.750 --> 00:28:18.029 23. Does that mean that they made 23 copies of 00:28:18.029 --> 00:28:21.309 this? That can't be. That can't, well, maybe, 00:28:21.589 --> 00:28:25.549 maybe that is what that means. Goodness. That 00:28:25.549 --> 00:28:28.789 would be something if they, if they made 23 copies 00:28:28.789 --> 00:28:35.279 of that letter to give to sort of random ecclesiastical 00:28:35.279 --> 00:28:39.039 officials, but I'm not sure. Oh gosh, and then 00:28:39.039 --> 00:28:41.119 there's one other thing that I want to point 00:28:41.119 --> 00:28:45.259 out because I'm starting to learn about the little 00:28:45.259 --> 00:28:49.019 notes that come after the year in the dating 00:28:49.019 --> 00:28:51.579 clause, so stuff that comes at the very end. 00:28:51.980 --> 00:28:55.539 Sometimes it's easy, it just says la reyna or 00:28:55.539 --> 00:28:59.000 rex johannes and you know exactly what that means, 00:28:59.279 --> 00:29:07.369 but here We have Franciscus Sacosta. That is 00:29:07.369 --> 00:29:12.089 the vice chancellor for Joan, and that is a different 00:29:12.089 --> 00:29:15.289 person than the scribe, because very clearly 00:29:15.289 --> 00:29:21.769 we have a probata, Dominus Rex mandavit mihi 00:29:21.769 --> 00:29:28.750 pere de beniure. So what is the vice chancellor's 00:29:28.750 --> 00:29:34.109 name? doing at the end of this letter? That is 00:29:34.109 --> 00:29:37.990 a question that I don't quite know how to answer 00:29:37.990 --> 00:29:41.769 right now, but I feel like I'm on the verge of 00:29:41.769 --> 00:29:45.970 being able to figure that out. Did the vice chancellor 00:29:45.970 --> 00:29:48.930 sign this letter? And it's thrown into Joan's 00:29:48.930 --> 00:29:53.690 register? Not sure at this time. Oh my gosh, 00:29:53.690 --> 00:29:57.859 I've broken 30 minutes. No! Oh, I had a goal 00:29:57.859 --> 00:30:00.960 to keep all the episodes under 30 minutes because 00:30:00.960 --> 00:30:04.859 the actual, like, intent is to have 15 minute 00:30:04.859 --> 00:30:09.259 episodes. And here I am. But it was eight folios, 00:30:09.400 --> 00:30:12.819 folks. My gosh. Like, how am I going to talk 00:30:12.819 --> 00:30:16.799 about eight folios in less than 30 minutes? Just 00:30:16.799 --> 00:30:19.759 can't do it. Well, thanks for bearing with me 00:30:19.759 --> 00:30:24.220 on another long episode of the Historian's Notebook, 00:30:24.619 --> 00:30:29.019 Season 1, Molt Cara Companyona. If you are leaving 00:30:29.019 --> 00:30:32.259 with more questions than you arrived with, and 00:30:32.259 --> 00:30:35.400 if you would like to write a long journal article 00:30:35.400 --> 00:30:39.910 or master's thesis about... the Crown of Aragon 00:30:39.910 --> 00:30:42.210 during the Great Schism and want to use these 00:30:42.210 --> 00:30:46.230 documents? Well, you probably need a lot more 00:30:46.230 --> 00:30:50.069 information, and having all of those questions 00:30:50.069 --> 00:30:53.769 means I have done my job, because remember, the 00:30:53.769 --> 00:30:58.309 motto of the Historian's Notebook is dissatisfaction 00:30:58.309 --> 00:31:02.029 guaranteed. visit the website to see an image 00:31:02.029 --> 00:31:05.390 of today's document and additional show notes. 00:31:05.970 --> 00:31:08.869 And listen again tomorrow to hear about the next 00:31:08.869 --> 00:31:12.390 day in the first year of the reign of King Joan 00:31:12.390 --> 00:31:17.190 I of Aragon and Queen Violant de Bar. In the 00:31:17.190 --> 00:31:18.849 meantime, take care.