WEBVTT 00:00:00.110 --> 00:00:05.650 Hello. In the Crown of Aragon 639 years ago, 00:00:06.209 --> 00:00:13.410 it was January 31, 1387. My name is Jonathan 00:00:13.410 --> 00:00:16.469 Seyfried. I'm a PhD candidate in history at the 00:00:16.469 --> 00:00:20.190 University of New Mexico. And this is the Historian's 00:00:20.190 --> 00:00:24.350 Notebook, a podcast about how history gets made. 00:00:25.170 --> 00:00:28.719 Season one is titled Molt Cara Companyona. We're 00:00:28.719 --> 00:00:31.420 looking at a document from each day of the first 00:00:31.420 --> 00:00:35.920 year of the reign of King Joan I of Aragon and 00:00:35.920 --> 00:00:39.579 Queen Violant de Bar. Let's begin today's 00:00:39.579 --> 00:01:07.379 document. So I've been pretty consistent with 00:01:07.379 --> 00:01:12.719 sticking to one document today, one that was 00:01:12.719 --> 00:01:20.500 written on that day in 1387, and today it's going 00:01:20.500 --> 00:01:25.299 to get a little bit weird because, well, I couldn't 00:01:25.299 --> 00:01:28.959 resist looking at another document that's on 00:01:28.959 --> 00:01:34.680 the same folio as the one that I'm calling January 00:01:34.680 --> 00:01:39.700 31st's document. But also today's document, its 00:01:39.700 --> 00:01:46.200 date, is just weird. So it's very clear to me 00:01:46.200 --> 00:01:51.640 that the scribe in the last line of this letter 00:01:51.640 --> 00:02:02.049 wrote XXX. And then three short strokes. So we've 00:02:02.049 --> 00:02:06.390 got a problem with minimums again, because this 00:02:06.390 --> 00:02:16.009 could be. V I possibly or it could be three I's. 00:02:17.289 --> 00:02:22.110 And so the the descender on the last of the three 00:02:22.110 --> 00:02:27.949 minimums makes it so that it cannot be. IV. So 00:02:27.949 --> 00:02:34.830 we've got two choices three I's or VI. Three 00:02:34.830 --> 00:02:39.310 I's would make it 33. The three X's plus the 00:02:39.310 --> 00:02:47.509 three I's 33. The VI would make it 36. And while 00:02:47.509 --> 00:02:54.339 the people of the crown of Aragon in 1387 were 00:02:54.339 --> 00:02:58.500 shifting New Year's Day to December. I mean, 00:02:59.240 --> 00:03:01.860 we have shifted it to January for everyone's 00:03:01.860 --> 00:03:05.120 shifting New Year's Day in medieval Europe. That's 00:03:05.120 --> 00:03:07.560 just something everybody does. So they've chosen 00:03:07.560 --> 00:03:11.620 to put New Year's Day as December 25th. And so 00:03:11.620 --> 00:03:16.319 there seems to be some kind of comfort with wiggle 00:03:16.319 --> 00:03:20.419 room when it comes to dates, this is a bridge 00:03:20.419 --> 00:03:25.180 too far. They would never have added additional 00:03:25.180 --> 00:03:30.159 days to January. They would not have had a January 00:03:30.159 --> 00:03:37.639 33rd or a January 36th. So my guess is that what's 00:03:37.639 --> 00:03:43.580 really going on here is that the scribe has meant 00:03:43.879 --> 00:03:49.560 for that third X to be a V and the actual intended 00:03:49.560 --> 00:03:58.539 date of this letter is January 28th. But I'm 00:03:58.539 --> 00:04:03.639 going to use this for January 31st because it's 00:04:03.639 --> 00:04:07.139 a really interesting letter with a lot going 00:04:07.139 --> 00:04:12.770 on and the same folio has another letter all 00:04:12.770 --> 00:04:15.969 the way back from January 6th that I really want 00:04:15.969 --> 00:04:18.829 to talk about. I just couldn't resist. So we 00:04:18.829 --> 00:04:23.389 are breaking from the usual rules. They're not 00:04:23.389 --> 00:04:26.410 like hard and fast rules. I've already had a 00:04:26.410 --> 00:04:28.930 moment where I've done a little bit of massaging 00:04:28.930 --> 00:04:32.310 of the process. But today we're going to really 00:04:32.310 --> 00:04:36.430 massage the process and we're just going to say 00:04:36.430 --> 00:04:39.870 this is our document for January 31st. There 00:04:39.870 --> 00:04:43.149 aren't a ton of January 31st documents to choose 00:04:43.149 --> 00:04:49.009 from, and so it's not like I'm. skipping one 00:04:49.009 --> 00:04:53.050 that would be really revelatory so hopefully 00:04:53.050 --> 00:04:55.769 you can just roll with me here and because the 00:04:55.769 --> 00:04:59.649 scribe went all kinds of weird on the date of 00:04:59.649 --> 00:05:04.529 this I think it's some kind of signal from the 00:05:04.529 --> 00:05:11.949 archive universe the kind of I don't know cross 00:05:11.949 --> 00:05:15.970 -temporal spirit of the archive telling me that 00:05:15.970 --> 00:05:19.910 I should be free to talk about this letter on 00:05:19.910 --> 00:05:25.529 January 31st. You gotta also keep in mind that, 00:05:25.529 --> 00:05:28.569 you know, all this stuff is overlapping, and 00:05:28.569 --> 00:05:32.110 so when I'm talking about a letter that's dated 00:05:32.110 --> 00:05:35.569 on a certain day, it really could have been... 00:05:35.480 --> 00:05:38.519 composed or worked on or thought about in the 00:05:38.519 --> 00:05:43.000 days leading up to it. So occasionally it's very 00:05:43.000 --> 00:05:47.459 important to associate what happened on a particular 00:05:47.459 --> 00:05:52.639 day with a document's date, and in other times 00:05:52.639 --> 00:05:57.079 there is wiggle room. So I don't want to give 00:05:57.079 --> 00:05:59.459 the wrong impression that it's all just loosey 00:05:59.459 --> 00:06:03.220 -goosey, because occasionally, and we'll actually 00:06:03.220 --> 00:06:06.879 see this in one of the episodes coming up, there's 00:06:06.879 --> 00:06:10.079 a reference back to what happened on a certain 00:06:10.079 --> 00:06:15.300 day. And so they did dedicate themselves to being 00:06:15.300 --> 00:06:20.029 accurate with the date and to... placing the 00:06:20.029 --> 00:06:24.209 record in line with what was actually happening 00:06:24.209 --> 00:06:29.089 and signed off on on a particular day. At the 00:06:29.089 --> 00:06:32.149 same time, you see some weird stuff sometimes, 00:06:32.730 --> 00:06:40.490 like this is clearly a character, the third in 00:06:40.490 --> 00:06:45.420 the date. looks like an X. And there's just no 00:06:45.420 --> 00:06:49.920 way that any scribe in the chancery at the time 00:06:49.920 --> 00:06:53.000 would look at that and say, oh, yeah, that's 00:06:53.000 --> 00:06:57.459 a V. So it's just weird. This is just weird. 00:06:58.339 --> 00:07:00.079 Another thing I want to mention while I'm talking 00:07:00.079 --> 00:07:04.220 about my process of doing a document today is 00:07:04.220 --> 00:07:08.279 that it's got some flaws and it's got some benefits 00:07:08.279 --> 00:07:12.490 in terms of trying to get an accurate picture 00:07:12.490 --> 00:07:17.009 of what was going on. The number one flaw is 00:07:17.009 --> 00:07:20.069 that there could have been a day, well in fact 00:07:20.069 --> 00:07:23.730 I know there have been a few days, where there 00:07:23.730 --> 00:07:29.550 are multiple letters that are revelatory and 00:07:29.550 --> 00:07:34.089 important for understanding my big question of 00:07:34.089 --> 00:07:37.949 how Joan and Violant related to each other. 00:07:38.089 --> 00:07:41.870 So I really could have set up this podcast as 00:07:41.870 --> 00:07:45.430 really only looking at the month of January. 00:07:45.970 --> 00:07:49.009 And we could have gone through and looked at 00:07:49.009 --> 00:07:54.069 every single letter written in these registers 00:07:54.069 --> 00:07:57.649 for the month of January. I think that would 00:07:57.649 --> 00:08:01.569 have filled quite a long period of time, maybe 00:08:01.569 --> 00:08:05.970 not. 365 days, but it would have it would have 00:08:05.970 --> 00:08:09.649 been a lot. My speculation is that there's probably 00:08:09.649 --> 00:08:15.550 150 to 300 letters that were written in January 00:08:15.550 --> 00:08:18.529 that are in the archive of the Crown of Aragon. 00:08:19.790 --> 00:08:24.930 So that was an option, but then I would have 00:08:24.930 --> 00:08:28.399 missed a lot of interesting stuff like One of 00:08:28.399 --> 00:08:32.259 the letters that Violant writes in April, which 00:08:32.259 --> 00:08:36.759 has been cited by a bunch of historians, is about 00:08:36.759 --> 00:08:40.940 the illness that Joan went through in January. 00:08:41.919 --> 00:08:47.679 So there's a little bit of this overlap in terms 00:08:47.679 --> 00:08:51.899 of how the letters from one part of the year 00:08:51.899 --> 00:08:54.940 can inform a different part of the year, but 00:08:54.940 --> 00:08:58.259 then there's also other events later on in the 00:08:58.259 --> 00:09:01.659 year that would be really interesting to look 00:09:01.659 --> 00:09:06.320 at regarding my main question of how Joan and 00:09:06.320 --> 00:09:08.419 Violant related to each other as they established 00:09:08.419 --> 00:09:14.720 their reign. So with the limit of time that the 00:09:14.720 --> 00:09:17.980 historian has, you're a little bit stuck. You 00:09:17.980 --> 00:09:20.600 have to make these really tough choices where 00:09:20.600 --> 00:09:23.259 you know that if you go one direction with how 00:09:23.259 --> 00:09:25.740 you spend your time with the documents, you're 00:09:25.740 --> 00:09:28.200 going to get an interesting result that helps 00:09:28.200 --> 00:09:31.159 you answer your question. And then if you go 00:09:31.159 --> 00:09:34.940 in another direction with how you spend your 00:09:34.940 --> 00:09:38.320 time, you're going to get a different view. So 00:09:38.320 --> 00:09:42.629 this is part of why it's really important to 00:09:42.629 --> 00:09:47.049 think of the work of historians as a cooperative 00:09:47.049 --> 00:09:51.309 knowledge building process. You might have heard 00:09:51.309 --> 00:09:54.769 Shadow in the background there agreeing with 00:09:54.769 --> 00:10:00.870 my emphasis on the writing of history as a cooperative 00:10:00.870 --> 00:10:06.210 knowledge building process. So what I'm trying 00:10:06.210 --> 00:10:12.860 to really emphasize here is that I rely on the 00:10:12.860 --> 00:10:18.299 expertise of other historians from the last 100 00:10:18.299 --> 00:10:24.039 years, and I can't go to the archive and just 00:10:24.039 --> 00:10:28.860 use my own time to establish some kind of truth 00:10:28.860 --> 00:10:34.480 claim. I have to... weave together what I'm seeing 00:10:34.480 --> 00:10:38.179 with the information that has come from others' 00:10:38.419 --> 00:10:43.100 expertise and then in the future people will 00:10:43.100 --> 00:10:49.159 do the same for what I have contributed. So we're 00:10:49.159 --> 00:10:54.679 in this mission that is absolutely one that is 00:10:54.679 --> 00:10:59.519 impossible because not only do we have the challenge 00:10:59.929 --> 00:11:03.789 of trying to interpret the words on the page 00:11:03.789 --> 00:11:07.509 that we encounter from this record that's over 00:11:07.509 --> 00:11:12.169 600 years old, we also have the limitations of 00:11:12.169 --> 00:11:15.409 just what a single person is able to do in terms 00:11:15.409 --> 00:11:20.919 of their own time. So with all that said, I'm 00:11:20.919 --> 00:11:25.039 already massively into the time of this episode, 00:11:25.039 --> 00:11:27.500 but I thought it was really good to return to 00:11:27.500 --> 00:11:31.539 my process. And let's talk about the document 00:11:31.539 --> 00:11:35.600 that is dated some kind of wonky date. It is 00:11:35.600 --> 00:11:48.389 written by Violant. It is addressed to the So 00:11:48.389 --> 00:11:54.789 this is the Queen of Navarre. The Queen of Navarre 00:11:54.789 --> 00:11:59.789 is Eleanor of Castile. We haven't really talked 00:11:59.789 --> 00:12:02.570 too much about the relationship between Castile 00:12:02.570 --> 00:12:07.350 and the Crown of Aragon. It is at times very 00:12:07.350 --> 00:12:11.070 fraught and violent. So Pere the ceremonious 00:12:11.070 --> 00:12:15.269 at one point fought a war against the king of 00:12:15.269 --> 00:12:19.470 Castile who was known as Pedro the Cruel and 00:12:19.470 --> 00:12:22.970 that war is known as the War of the Two Pedros. 00:12:23.129 --> 00:12:27.110 So there's been wars And there's also been some 00:12:27.110 --> 00:12:30.549 cooperation, but there's kind of like this rough 00:12:30.549 --> 00:12:35.009 border between the Crown of Aragon and Castile. 00:12:35.289 --> 00:12:38.190 There was a lot of crossing of that border in 00:12:38.190 --> 00:12:41.669 terms of cultural diffusion, a little bit of 00:12:41.669 --> 00:12:46.230 migration, you could say, but in terms of whether 00:12:46.230 --> 00:12:49.850 we can really consider these two units as cooperative 00:12:49.850 --> 00:12:54.830 at the level of, say, how the Crown of Aragon 00:12:54.830 --> 00:12:59.610 cooperated with Navarre, we can't. So the Crown 00:12:59.610 --> 00:13:03.929 of Aragon was way closer to Navarre and had much 00:13:03.929 --> 00:13:07.049 better relations than it did with Castile. So 00:13:07.049 --> 00:13:10.049 we have this interesting moment where Violant, 00:13:10.110 --> 00:13:13.190 who's coming from France and doesn't really care 00:13:13.190 --> 00:13:16.649 too much about past animosities between the Crown 00:13:16.649 --> 00:13:21.679 of Aragon and Castile, is writing to her cousin, 00:13:22.580 --> 00:13:26.980 the Queen of Navarre. And remember, this is the 00:13:26.980 --> 00:13:30.399 person who's married to her buddy, Charles III, 00:13:31.139 --> 00:13:35.279 who she danced with too hard right back in the 00:13:35.279 --> 00:13:38.200 day. Well, that was like a year ago, a year prior, 00:13:38.559 --> 00:13:42.720 about a year prior. So in this letter, Violant 00:13:42.720 --> 00:13:49.000 is informing the Queen of Navarre that Pere has 00:13:49.000 --> 00:13:52.779 died, and she's also offering condolences for 00:13:52.779 --> 00:13:58.419 the loss of Charles II of Navarre, which happened 00:13:58.419 --> 00:14:01.960 pretty close to the same time as when Pere died, 00:14:02.139 --> 00:14:06.539 early January. And so she also makes a note in 00:14:06.539 --> 00:14:09.500 this letter of saying, hey, we kind of have this 00:14:09.500 --> 00:14:11.820 thing in common. We each had our father -in -law 00:14:11.820 --> 00:14:14.549 die you know just you know at the beginning of 00:14:14.549 --> 00:14:18.710 this month and that's you know this interesting 00:14:18.710 --> 00:14:23.330 moment of an attempt to bond and to solidify 00:14:23.330 --> 00:14:27.830 that commonality you kind of get the sense that 00:14:27.830 --> 00:14:32.250 she's not as affectionate toward the queen of 00:14:32.250 --> 00:14:37.929 navarre as she is toward the king I don't quite 00:14:37.929 --> 00:14:40.990 see as much of the personal touch here. Like 00:14:40.990 --> 00:14:45.190 she doesn't mention Jaume like she did in the 00:14:45.190 --> 00:14:49.730 letter to Charles. Another thing that's happening 00:14:49.730 --> 00:14:54.450 here is that this is way late. Like she wrote 00:14:54.450 --> 00:15:01.299 to Charles on January 20th. like at least eight 00:15:01.299 --> 00:15:06.860 days before about the death of Pere and she had 00:15:06.860 --> 00:15:11.580 to have known that Charles would have probably 00:15:11.580 --> 00:15:18.279 told his wife about that and and so she's kind 00:15:18.279 --> 00:15:23.639 of just in as a formality sending this information 00:15:23.639 --> 00:15:30.139 so that she's on record as caring to inform the 00:15:30.139 --> 00:15:33.919 Queen of Navarre of these events, but the fact 00:15:33.919 --> 00:15:36.779 that she's doing it at least eight days later, 00:15:37.120 --> 00:15:39.620 and I say eight because possibly the actual date 00:15:39.620 --> 00:15:43.399 of this letter is the 28th, that she's doing 00:15:43.399 --> 00:15:49.480 it later and at a time when the recipient of 00:15:49.480 --> 00:15:52.600 this letter likely already knows the information, 00:15:53.200 --> 00:15:57.820 it just kind of comes across to me like, almost 00:15:57.820 --> 00:16:03.259 like a CYA note. Like, uh -oh, I think I might 00:16:03.259 --> 00:16:07.019 have forgotten to include you in the whole series 00:16:07.019 --> 00:16:11.259 of letters that I sent out with this new information, 00:16:11.259 --> 00:16:14.399 and so I'd better write one to you too so that 00:16:14.399 --> 00:16:17.340 you don't feel like I was ignoring you and leaving 00:16:17.340 --> 00:16:23.580 you out of this moment of informing all of my 00:16:23.580 --> 00:16:27.519 important people of what's going on. That's maybe 00:16:27.519 --> 00:16:30.220 what's going on here. I don't know that there's 00:16:30.220 --> 00:16:35.159 any kind of, you know, problem that was being 00:16:35.159 --> 00:16:37.779 solved by this letter or if it was just routine. 00:16:38.620 --> 00:16:42.320 So once again, we just have an open question. 00:16:43.679 --> 00:16:48.039 Let's move on to the letter that appears above 00:16:48.039 --> 00:16:52.259 this on the folio. And again, I have to massage 00:16:52.259 --> 00:16:56.519 the rules of my process here. Because I want 00:16:56.519 --> 00:17:00.139 to go back in time to look at what this letter 00:17:00.139 --> 00:17:04.779 says. It's on the same page, but it is from January 00:17:04.779 --> 00:17:11.700 6th. So January 6th is the day that everybody. 00:17:12.519 --> 00:17:17.140 Has found out that the King has died. We know 00:17:17.140 --> 00:17:20.880 there's a lot of documentation that Pere's death 00:17:20.880 --> 00:17:27.089 occurred on January 5th. When did Violant find 00:17:27.089 --> 00:17:30.869 out about that? What time of day did the death 00:17:30.869 --> 00:17:34.569 happen? We don't know. The only thing we can 00:17:34.569 --> 00:17:41.029 be sure of is that by the 6th, Violant is basically, 00:17:41.190 --> 00:17:47.369 at this point, day one of being queen. And of 00:17:47.369 --> 00:17:53.880 course, Joan is day one of being king. This 00:17:53.880 --> 00:18:00.180 letter is really there's a lot going on, so I'm 00:18:00.180 --> 00:18:03.220 going to try to, you know, just highlight some 00:18:03.220 --> 00:18:08.339 of the really cool stuff in it. And then I used 00:18:08.339 --> 00:18:11.980 chat GPT to help me make sure that I was understanding 00:18:11.980 --> 00:18:15.559 certain things about it correctly, especially 00:18:15.559 --> 00:18:18.539 the name of the cloth that's mentioned in this 00:18:18.539 --> 00:18:21.880 letter that's used for a particular purpose. 00:18:22.660 --> 00:18:27.319 So, you can go onto the webpage for this episode, 00:18:27.579 --> 00:18:31.640 and you'll see that I transcribed, I think, everything 00:18:31.640 --> 00:18:36.759 in this letter, and had ChatGPT give its interpretation, 00:18:36.920 --> 00:18:40.059 and then I asked some follow -up questions. But, 00:18:40.200 --> 00:18:41.839 I'm just going to highlight a couple things. 00:18:43.079 --> 00:18:49.440 First, the last word on the first line is ANELLS. 00:18:50.480 --> 00:18:57.109 That is... What's being discussed here right 00:18:57.109 --> 00:19:03.490 away in this letter is the rings of the king, 00:19:04.109 --> 00:19:11.029 Los Anells del Señor Rey. And then later on in 00:19:11.029 --> 00:19:17.230 the letter, we see reference to the seals of 00:19:17.230 --> 00:19:23.160 the lordship. and the ring is connected. There's 00:19:23.160 --> 00:19:27.259 a ring that's connected to the seal. So what 00:19:27.259 --> 00:19:33.000 is pretty clear to me is that this letter is 00:19:33.000 --> 00:19:38.559 accompanying a delivery from Violant to Joan. 00:19:39.500 --> 00:19:42.539 Because, let's take a step back and talk about 00:19:42.539 --> 00:19:46.279 just the basic sourcing of this letter, Violent 00:19:46.279 --> 00:19:53.809 is writing to Joan. And she says that enclosed 00:19:53.809 --> 00:20:00.369 in this particular kind of cloth called canamaç 00:20:00.369 --> 00:20:08.390 are the rings of the king. And at least one of 00:20:08.390 --> 00:20:14.670 those rings has the seal, or a seal. Not sure 00:20:14.670 --> 00:20:19.410 if it's the same. kind of seal in terms of its 00:20:19.410 --> 00:20:24.329 design and its iconography as the secret seal 00:20:24.329 --> 00:20:28.009 that we see mentioned in all of the registers 00:20:28.009 --> 00:20:32.509 that are in that category. But there is some 00:20:32.509 --> 00:20:39.450 kind of ring that is related to the seal, and 00:20:39.450 --> 00:20:43.789 what Violent has done is wrapped them in this 00:20:43.789 --> 00:20:50.569 linen and sent them to Joan. So this is a really 00:20:50.569 --> 00:20:55.190 great moment where we can see material culture, 00:20:55.710 --> 00:21:00.829 the rings, symbolically representing the transfer 00:21:00.829 --> 00:21:07.230 of power from the dead king to the new king, 00:21:07.329 --> 00:21:11.650 and they're being delivered by somebody. It doesn't 00:21:11.650 --> 00:21:17.109 say who in this letter. So that is a really cool 00:21:17.109 --> 00:21:22.049 moment that I just could not resist talking about 00:21:22.049 --> 00:21:27.809 in today's episode because, oh my gosh, like 00:21:27.809 --> 00:21:30.569 I wish I could get some kind of picture of these 00:21:30.569 --> 00:21:35.130 rings. I wish they existed in some museum somewhere. 00:21:36.170 --> 00:21:39.450 One other thing that I want to mention about 00:21:39.450 --> 00:21:45.289 this letter is that we have the return format 00:21:45.289 --> 00:21:53.329 of Molt Cara Companyona. So Joan addresses Violant 00:21:53.329 --> 00:21:58.390 as Molt Cara Companyona, Most Dear Companion. 00:21:58.730 --> 00:22:01.990 It's the name of this season of the podcast. 00:22:02.779 --> 00:22:05.700 In the first line of this letter from January 00:22:05.700 --> 00:22:12.160 6th, we have Violant returning this sentiment, 00:22:12.839 --> 00:22:33.940 and the way she phrases it is, Lord husband. 00:22:34.660 --> 00:22:38.359 And we can read into that in one way and say, 00:22:38.440 --> 00:22:43.799 oh, she's using this word Lord, and that's underlining 00:22:43.799 --> 00:22:47.200 a kind of subordination or subservience. I'm 00:22:47.200 --> 00:22:51.359 not quite sure. I don't I don't think that it 00:22:51.359 --> 00:22:57.279 quite has that valence. If in today's time we 00:22:57.279 --> 00:23:01.789 heard a wife addressing her husband as Lord, 00:23:02.329 --> 00:23:06.309 we would say, whoa, something is really going 00:23:06.309 --> 00:23:10.910 on there with a statement of subordination. That 00:23:10.910 --> 00:23:19.150 particular woman is saying something that reinforces 00:23:19.150 --> 00:23:24.039 a subordinate role for her. But at this time, 00:23:24.140 --> 00:23:27.779 I think it didn't quite have that valence, that 00:23:27.779 --> 00:23:33.559 it was just kind of natural to say señor, and 00:23:33.559 --> 00:23:39.319 it wasn't as much of a reinforcement of subordination 00:23:39.319 --> 00:23:42.940 as it was just, you know, what you call your 00:23:42.940 --> 00:23:45.940 husband, just what you call your husband if you're 00:23:45.940 --> 00:23:49.759 wanting to be tender. So... the way that Joan 00:23:49.759 --> 00:23:55.359 uses the word companyona, I think that Violant 00:23:55.359 --> 00:24:01.380 uses the word señor. I'm not going to argue that 00:24:01.380 --> 00:24:05.960 to, you know, the nth degree, but I just want 00:24:05.960 --> 00:24:10.339 to raise it as my working hypothesis. That's 00:24:10.339 --> 00:24:13.059 kind of where I lean when I'm trying to interpret 00:24:13.059 --> 00:24:18.509 the choice of that word. All right. That does 00:24:18.509 --> 00:24:21.390 it for today's episode. You got two for the price 00:24:21.390 --> 00:24:25.750 of one! You got two letters today, and neither 00:24:25.750 --> 00:24:29.170 of them, I think, were actually from January 00:24:29.170 --> 00:24:32.569 31st. Woohoo! It's just, you know, going wild 00:24:32.569 --> 00:24:36.470 here on the Historian's Notebook. Thanks for 00:24:36.470 --> 00:24:39.170 listening to this episode of the Historian's 00:24:39.170 --> 00:24:43.519 Notebook, Season 1, Molt Cara Companyona. If 00:24:43.519 --> 00:24:45.720 you are leaving with more questions than you 00:24:45.720 --> 00:24:49.420 arrived with, I have done my job. Remember, the 00:24:49.420 --> 00:24:53.259 motto of the Historian's Notebook is dissatisfaction 00:24:53.259 --> 00:24:57.000 guaranteed. Visit the website to see an image 00:24:57.000 --> 00:25:00.700 of today's document and additional show notes, 00:25:01.279 --> 00:25:04.539 and listen again tomorrow to hear more about 00:25:04.539 --> 00:25:08.440 the next day in the first year of the reign of 00:25:08.440 --> 00:25:13.990 King Joan I of Aragon and Queen Violant de Bar. 00:25:13.990 --> 00:25:16.049 In the meantime, take care.