WEBVTT 00:00:00.170 --> 00:00:05.830 Hello. In the Crown of Aragon, 639 years ago, 00:00:06.230 --> 00:00:13.689 it was January 29th, 1387. My name is Jonathan 00:00:13.689 --> 00:00:17.469 Seyfried. I'm a PhD candidate in history at the 00:00:17.469 --> 00:00:21.449 University of New Mexico. And this is the Historian's 00:00:21.449 --> 00:00:25.670 Notebook, a podcast about how history gets made. 00:00:26.210 --> 00:00:30.370 Season one is titled Molt Cara Companyona. We're 00:00:30.370 --> 00:00:33.170 looking at a document from each day of the first 00:00:33.170 --> 00:00:37.270 year of the reign of King Joan I of Aragon and 00:00:37.270 --> 00:00:40.829 Queen Violante de Bar. There's so many documents 00:00:40.829 --> 00:00:45.590 to choose from. Certain days have like 30 documents, 00:00:45.950 --> 00:00:48.549 so as I'm going through this, I'm wondering, 00:00:48.670 --> 00:00:52.289 oh my gosh, have I... done something that's actually 00:00:52.289 --> 00:00:55.710 making me miss out on so much. And then I think 00:00:55.710 --> 00:00:58.509 about, well, I want to really get this cross 00:00:58.509 --> 00:01:02.229 section across the entire year. And I can't just 00:01:02.229 --> 00:01:06.090 stay in one day or one month for, you know, days 00:01:06.090 --> 00:01:08.930 at a time. So what am I going to do? And then 00:01:08.930 --> 00:01:12.390 I get to, well, something like what you're about 00:01:12.390 --> 00:01:16.650 to experience today. Let's get into today's document. 00:01:40.489 --> 00:01:46.129 Alright folks, fasten your historian seatbelts 00:01:46.129 --> 00:01:51.950 because there's so much going on on January 29th 00:01:51.950 --> 00:01:55.469 and it connects to so many things. We've got 00:01:55.469 --> 00:02:00.049 material culture of the registers themselves. 00:02:00.469 --> 00:02:05.189 We've got new insights into chancery practices. 00:02:05.890 --> 00:02:12.419 We've got weird familial dynamics we've got royal 00:02:12.419 --> 00:02:15.259 families introduced into the picture for the 00:02:15.259 --> 00:02:21.340 first time we've got so much going on and i haven't 00:02:21.340 --> 00:02:25.680 even mentioned it's troubadour party time yes 00:02:25.680 --> 00:02:31.099 it is so One of the things that Joan is famous 00:02:31.099 --> 00:02:38.139 for in music history is being a major force for 00:02:38.139 --> 00:02:43.000 patronage of minstrels, troubadours, music, and 00:02:43.000 --> 00:02:47.919 helping to initiate a gigantic cultural diffusion 00:02:47.919 --> 00:02:54.219 into Iberia from really all over Western Europe. 00:02:54.680 --> 00:02:58.849 There's minstrels and troubadours that come from 00:02:58.849 --> 00:03:03.530 Bavaria and end up in the court of Joan and 00:03:03.530 --> 00:03:12.389 Violant. But Violant is famous for defying 00:03:12.389 --> 00:03:18.030 gendered expectations, and where is she in this 00:03:18.030 --> 00:03:23.509 accolade for Joan's cultural contributions? 00:03:24.159 --> 00:03:26.840 The way I see it as I've been studying these 00:03:26.840 --> 00:03:30.939 two for a few years now is that they were just 00:03:30.939 --> 00:03:35.979 they were a team and it's the documents like 00:03:35.979 --> 00:03:38.180 those we're going to look at today that just 00:03:38.180 --> 00:03:42.360 really brings it home for me how neither of them 00:03:42.360 --> 00:03:44.960 could do what they were doing without the other 00:03:44.960 --> 00:03:51.379 and the accomplishments that we want to credit 00:03:51.379 --> 00:03:57.139 them with. as well as the criticisms. It really 00:03:57.139 --> 00:04:02.900 is this team project, and you cannot just study 00:04:02.900 --> 00:04:06.860 one of them and not the other and have an accurate 00:04:06.860 --> 00:04:11.439 view of what was actually going on. And what 00:04:11.439 --> 00:04:16.139 happened on January 29th, it is a perfect example 00:04:16.139 --> 00:04:21.579 of this. Okay. I'm going to actually hold the 00:04:21.579 --> 00:04:23.879 material culture and chancery procedures until 00:04:23.879 --> 00:04:27.939 the end, because I don't want to delay anymore 00:04:27.939 --> 00:04:32.699 on really showing you what I mean by this teamwork. 00:04:33.819 --> 00:04:38.300 Remember that yesterday we talked about a document 00:04:38.300 --> 00:04:46.019 that Violant wrote to the Viscount de Roda. Ramon 00:04:46.019 --> 00:04:50.959 de Perellos is his name. So, today's document 00:04:50.959 --> 00:04:54.699 doesn't, at first, seem to have anything to do 00:04:54.699 --> 00:04:59.180 with Ramón de Pérellos Viscount de Roda. So, 00:04:59.459 --> 00:05:07.839 I'm looking at Folio 9V in Register 1751, and 00:05:07.839 --> 00:05:11.259 there's a letter that begins, it's from Joan, 00:05:12.160 --> 00:05:17.500 begins, Molt Car Cosi, and that means, Most Dear 00:05:17.660 --> 00:05:23.920 cousin. So who is Joan's cousin? It's the king 00:05:23.920 --> 00:05:32.060 of France. Why? Because the king of France, before 00:05:32.060 --> 00:05:38.259 this one, was Violant's uncle. Right? So the 00:05:38.259 --> 00:05:43.899 child of your uncle is your cousin. And it's 00:05:43.899 --> 00:05:49.959 through Violant. that Joan can address the King 00:05:49.959 --> 00:05:55.959 of France as cousin. And then at the bottom of 00:05:55.959 --> 00:06:01.120 this, you can see that in Latin, we've got Fuit 00:06:01.120 --> 00:06:09.220 missa regi Franciae. This is to be sent to the 00:06:09.220 --> 00:06:14.720 King of France. And then below that, is letra 00:06:14.720 --> 00:06:20.920 similis fuit missa so that means the same letter 00:06:20.920 --> 00:06:25.579 is going to be sent and then the scribe has crossed 00:06:25.579 --> 00:06:31.459 out regi francie because obviously that's an 00:06:31.459 --> 00:06:34.720 error it's not the same letter is going to be 00:06:34.720 --> 00:06:38.120 sent to the same person twice and then below 00:06:38.120 --> 00:06:45.329 has written in duci torrene So this letter is 00:06:45.329 --> 00:06:49.089 going to the King of France and also someone 00:06:49.089 --> 00:06:56.649 known as the Duke of Touraine. That is the younger 00:06:56.649 --> 00:07:00.769 brother of the current King of France. His name 00:07:00.769 --> 00:07:06.269 was Louis. He later became the Duke of Orléans 00:07:06.269 --> 00:07:11.509 and Now, though, before he gets that title, he's 00:07:11.509 --> 00:07:16.829 the Duke of Touraine. Touraine is the province 00:07:16.829 --> 00:07:23.089 of France named after the city Tour. So now we 00:07:23.089 --> 00:07:27.750 know who this letter is going to, and it can 00:07:27.750 --> 00:07:32.990 be copied word for word because it's the case 00:07:32.990 --> 00:07:37.670 that both Charles VI, King of France, and his 00:07:37.670 --> 00:07:43.629 brother would be both cousins to Violant and 00:07:43.629 --> 00:07:49.610 thus Joan. So right here we've got the network 00:07:49.610 --> 00:07:54.129 connections that Violent has brought in. What 00:07:54.129 --> 00:07:58.910 is the letter about? The letter is requesting 00:07:58.910 --> 00:08:06.300 that a particular troubadour also known as a 00:08:06.300 --> 00:08:12.360 minstrel or minstrer in the letter here, is to 00:08:12.360 --> 00:08:18.720 be sent to Joan and Violant. So they're asking 00:08:18.720 --> 00:08:24.850 for a troubadour named Colinet and This particular 00:08:24.850 --> 00:08:27.910 troubadour, I haven't been able to find any information 00:08:27.910 --> 00:08:32.669 about what made him so sought after, but it does 00:08:32.669 --> 00:08:36.230 seem like this was the first troubadour that 00:08:36.230 --> 00:08:42.870 they sought to have commissioned from France 00:08:42.870 --> 00:08:47.110 after inheriting the throne. And I'm getting 00:08:47.110 --> 00:08:51.169 that information from an amazing piece of work, 00:08:51.490 --> 00:08:56.230 scholarly contribution by Maria del Carmen Gómez 00:08:56.230 --> 00:09:00.590 Mutané. The title is La música en la Casa Royal 00:09:00.590 --> 00:09:07.169 Catalano Aragonesa from 1336 to 1442. So that 00:09:07.169 --> 00:09:14.169 in English is the music in the royal court of 00:09:14.169 --> 00:09:20.340 Catalonia and Aragon from 1336 to 1442. and it's 00:09:20.340 --> 00:09:24.100 a book that has a ton of transcribed documents 00:09:24.100 --> 00:09:28.759 as well as wonderful explanation based on what 00:09:28.759 --> 00:09:33.960 we can know from the payment records as well 00:09:33.960 --> 00:09:38.759 as letters like these. And it's a wonderful resource 00:09:38.759 --> 00:09:43.379 for understanding the different troubadours who 00:09:43.379 --> 00:09:47.779 were sought after, the way that they moved through 00:09:47.779 --> 00:09:52.580 the networks, created by the elites who corresponded 00:09:52.580 --> 00:09:56.320 with each other all the time. These letters are 00:09:56.320 --> 00:10:00.720 so frequent and they're writing to each other 00:10:00.720 --> 00:10:07.159 on the same day and then the husband and wife 00:10:07.159 --> 00:10:10.899 are writing back on the same day. So it's all 00:10:10.899 --> 00:10:14.559 just like this constant flow. It almost reminds 00:10:14.559 --> 00:10:18.809 me of like a group text. I don't know if that's 00:10:18.809 --> 00:10:21.789 pushing it too far, but that's starting to be 00:10:21.789 --> 00:10:25.830 the vibe that I'm getting from this. So here 00:10:25.830 --> 00:10:31.490 we have Joan writing about this particular troubadour, 00:10:32.389 --> 00:10:41.690 and then I looked on the next page. Now, my project 00:10:41.690 --> 00:10:46.710 is set up in a way where theoretically, I could 00:10:46.710 --> 00:10:49.529 just look at one document a day and then be done. 00:10:49.990 --> 00:10:55.149 But part of understanding a particular document 00:10:55.149 --> 00:10:59.090 that you see in these registers is glancing around 00:10:59.090 --> 00:11:04.509 the different pages to see if there's clues to 00:11:04.509 --> 00:11:09.090 understanding your chosen document more fully. 00:11:09.690 --> 00:11:12.870 And it also just so happens that I was drawn 00:11:12.870 --> 00:11:17.850 to this document from the collection put together 00:11:17.850 --> 00:11:24.549 by Trenchs Odeña and Baiges i Jardi. So I knew already 00:11:24.549 --> 00:11:27.370 that there was another one on the next page. 00:11:27.929 --> 00:11:32.629 And so I turn the page, and lo and behold, who 00:11:32.629 --> 00:11:36.850 is Joan writing to just one day after Violant? 00:11:37.330 --> 00:11:42.389 Ramon de Perellos, the Viscount de Roda. And what 00:11:42.389 --> 00:11:47.779 is Joan saying? He's saying this is this is just 00:11:47.779 --> 00:11:53.220 hilarious to me. He's saying I have reached out 00:11:53.220 --> 00:11:58.320 to the King of France and the Duke of Touraine 00:11:58.320 --> 00:12:03.320 and I'm getting these troubadours. I'm getting 00:12:03.320 --> 00:12:10.159 Colinet. So he's like amping it up or possibly 00:12:10.159 --> 00:12:15.940 he's hinting that Ramon de Perellos, who also 00:12:15.940 --> 00:12:18.639 has a lot of connections among the French elite, 00:12:19.220 --> 00:12:21.899 should maybe mention it. You know, hey, if you 00:12:21.899 --> 00:12:24.519 happen to be writing a letter over to France, 00:12:25.059 --> 00:12:28.000 just say, you know, Joan is really excited 00:12:28.000 --> 00:12:30.519 about Colinet. Hey, you going to send him over? 00:12:32.100 --> 00:12:35.759 So basically, you have to realize that these 00:12:35.759 --> 00:12:42.059 were like when there's a new season of your favorite 00:12:42.059 --> 00:12:47.000 show that's coming out on your favorite streaming 00:12:47.000 --> 00:12:51.240 service, right? You hear about it, you read about 00:12:51.240 --> 00:12:55.039 it ahead of time. It's something you know you 00:12:55.039 --> 00:12:58.240 like and you want to find out what happens next. 00:12:58.639 --> 00:13:00.799 And so you're excited and you're talking to people 00:13:00.799 --> 00:13:05.840 about it. That's how these performers were for 00:13:05.840 --> 00:13:10.440 audiences and especially the elites who could 00:13:10.440 --> 00:13:14.740 try to use their network connections to get them 00:13:14.740 --> 00:13:19.379 over faster or to get them over at all and in 00:13:19.379 --> 00:13:22.899 fact there's a troubadour that gets like fought 00:13:22.899 --> 00:13:27.620 over like he's in the crown of aragon a couple 00:13:27.620 --> 00:13:30.720 years later his name is Everli and he's in the 00:13:30.720 --> 00:13:33.539 Crown of Aragon and France someone in france 00:13:33.539 --> 00:13:34.960 i can't remember if it's the king of france or 00:13:34.960 --> 00:13:37.500 who but it's like you need to send him back. 00:13:38.080 --> 00:13:40.299 And Joan's like, no, I'm not sending him back. 00:13:40.480 --> 00:13:44.440 He's awesome. We're really loving him and he 00:13:44.440 --> 00:13:47.960 is producing amazing entertainment for us. And 00:13:47.960 --> 00:13:50.639 so you're just gonna have to wait longer. And 00:13:50.639 --> 00:13:54.179 it turns into like a kind of a serious dispute. 00:13:54.259 --> 00:13:57.559 Like there's some anger that happens there. So 00:13:57.559 --> 00:14:00.559 that's what's going on with these troubadours. 00:14:01.919 --> 00:14:06.960 So I found out that the instrument that Colinet 00:14:06.960 --> 00:14:15.080 plays is the Chirimia, which is like an oboe. 00:14:15.159 --> 00:14:17.740 So it's kind of that high pitched, almost like 00:14:17.740 --> 00:14:21.980 a bagpipe kind of sound. And basically, it's 00:14:21.980 --> 00:14:27.120 really hard for us to appreciate how fun that 00:14:27.120 --> 00:14:30.990 could have been. Lot of times the medieval music 00:14:30.990 --> 00:14:33.750 comes through as very somber when I listen to 00:14:33.750 --> 00:14:37.149 it But you have to keep in mind that they didn't 00:14:37.149 --> 00:14:42.570 have like this larger spectrum of of musical 00:14:42.570 --> 00:14:48.049 genres and based on what they did have They could 00:14:48.049 --> 00:14:52.190 experiment and it could be heart racing That's 00:14:52.190 --> 00:14:57.090 what I like to think anyway that this music was 00:14:58.719 --> 00:15:03.980 soul stirring, heart racing, and so this is what's 00:15:03.980 --> 00:15:08.240 behind a lot of the enthusiasm that we see in 00:15:08.240 --> 00:15:12.639 these letters or the repeated missives to come 00:15:12.639 --> 00:15:14.960 on send this troubadour I'm waiting send him 00:15:14.960 --> 00:15:19.440 come on or in the case of the Portalberts send 00:15:19.440 --> 00:15:23.759 them and then also big question really interested 00:15:23.759 --> 00:15:28.070 to find out the answer are there any solo women 00:15:28.070 --> 00:15:30.110 troubadours. That would be very interesting to 00:15:30.110 --> 00:15:36.690 find in these records. So we've got the network 00:15:36.690 --> 00:15:42.169 happening here in microcosm. We've got the connection 00:15:42.169 --> 00:15:46.909 that Joan gained from marrying Violant. We've 00:15:46.909 --> 00:15:52.570 got the Ramon de Perellos connection between Joan 00:15:52.570 --> 00:15:58.110 and Violant one day after the other. And then, 00:15:58.929 --> 00:16:02.629 this was not mentioned in the source, the secondary 00:16:02.629 --> 00:16:08.889 literature. Right below that letter to Ramon 00:16:08.889 --> 00:16:13.730 de Perellos is another treasure. It's a letter 00:16:13.730 --> 00:16:18.129 to the Duc de Bar. That's Violant's father. 00:16:18.929 --> 00:16:23.950 And how does Joan decide to begin this letter? 00:16:24.870 --> 00:16:29.419 Not even a month? has passed since his own father 00:16:29.419 --> 00:16:34.779 died. He's writing to his father -in -law. How 00:16:34.779 --> 00:16:41.840 does he start the letter? Molt car pare. Most 00:16:41.840 --> 00:16:49.500 dear father. I mean, he must have had some kind 00:16:49.500 --> 00:16:55.340 of emotional punch as he decided to write that 00:16:55.340 --> 00:16:58.159 letter. Maybe he always addressed the Duc de 00:16:58.159 --> 00:17:03.220 Bar his molt car pare, but, uh, goodness, 00:17:03.220 --> 00:17:07.180 like, In this moment, it must have caused him 00:17:07.180 --> 00:17:10.140 to have some thoughts like, oh yeah, this would 00:17:10.140 --> 00:17:13.720 be my most dear father at this point because 00:17:13.720 --> 00:17:20.579 my biological father is gone. So that was really 00:17:20.579 --> 00:17:25.859 interesting. And what is being discussed in this 00:17:25.859 --> 00:17:33.769 letter that's sent to the Duke de Bar? It's his 00:17:33.769 --> 00:17:38.529 health Here he's referring to it himself. I think 00:17:38.529 --> 00:17:43.549 the first for the first time and He's not using 00:17:43.549 --> 00:17:48.849 the word arduous like the difficult business 00:17:48.849 --> 00:18:00.599 He is instead using The word accident And he 00:18:00.599 --> 00:18:07.900 says, there was an accident with my health. And 00:18:07.900 --> 00:18:11.299 the word accident is just very loaded in our 00:18:11.299 --> 00:18:15.359 time. But I think what we what we really should 00:18:15.359 --> 00:18:18.779 translate this as is misfortune. There was a 00:18:18.779 --> 00:18:23.759 misfortune. And now I'm convalescing and I have 00:18:23.759 --> 00:18:27.400 a much better disposition. And Joan is writing 00:18:27.400 --> 00:18:34.559 this on. January 29th. So we've come a long way 00:18:34.559 --> 00:18:39.200 in the health journey to the point where now 00:18:39.200 --> 00:18:43.039 we're talking about it. So I guess that's a sign 00:18:43.039 --> 00:18:48.000 that it's not as serious anymore. But we'll see. 00:18:48.420 --> 00:18:52.579 I would say that this document is a very good 00:18:52.579 --> 00:18:56.700 indicator that we can say by the time January 00:18:56.700 --> 00:19:03.609 29th. arrives, we have Joan out of the woods. 00:19:04.950 --> 00:19:11.910 That would be my guess. One last part of today's 00:19:11.910 --> 00:19:14.170 episode, which has spanned multiple documents, 00:19:14.250 --> 00:19:19.869 but all on January 29th. They were all on January 00:19:19.869 --> 00:19:26.170 29th. This other piece is back on the first page 00:19:26.170 --> 00:19:28.660 of the two that I've been talking about today, 00:19:28.859 --> 00:19:33.059 folio nine V. And you'll notice that at the top 00:19:33.059 --> 00:19:37.420 there's a little like four line something and 00:19:37.420 --> 00:19:41.900 then a squiggly that covers it. That's what it 00:19:41.900 --> 00:19:46.660 looks like when they want to cross something 00:19:46.660 --> 00:19:51.960 out. So they started putting in a letter and 00:19:51.960 --> 00:19:56.210 it looks like it ends like mid sentence. And 00:19:56.210 --> 00:20:00.230 on the left, there's a little marginal note. 00:20:01.309 --> 00:20:03.869 And it's really hard to figure out because it's 00:20:03.869 --> 00:20:07.150 abbreviated too, and it's hard to read. But it's 00:20:07.150 --> 00:20:13.049 something like non hunc in alios, which would 00:20:13.049 --> 00:20:17.670 sort of translate to this is not here, it's in 00:20:17.670 --> 00:20:24.680 another. So in this, we've got a wonderful moment 00:20:24.680 --> 00:20:30.059 that reveals just a little glimpse of how it 00:20:30.059 --> 00:20:33.859 was not an easy straightforward process all the 00:20:33.859 --> 00:20:39.200 time to figure out which register you were supposed 00:20:39.200 --> 00:20:45.279 to be putting which letter into. Because this 00:20:45.279 --> 00:20:47.599 scribe who started out this one, we don't know 00:20:47.599 --> 00:20:51.039 who it is. because they just stopped and you 00:20:51.039 --> 00:20:55.000 know it's not like they put the probata in for 00:20:55.000 --> 00:21:01.660 my bad for wasting paper but basically somebody 00:21:01.660 --> 00:21:08.559 started to record in a letter to some religious 00:21:08.559 --> 00:21:11.720 person a priest i think or maybe an archbishop 00:21:11.720 --> 00:21:16.000 because it starts with reverend father i don't 00:21:16.000 --> 00:21:20.019 think it's the pope I didn't even look at it 00:21:20.019 --> 00:21:23.900 too closely but basically the whole point is 00:21:23.900 --> 00:21:28.759 the Chancery staff could get confused about where 00:21:28.759 --> 00:21:32.640 to put different documents and in this situation 00:21:32.640 --> 00:21:36.319 somebody caught it and said whoa that's not supposed 00:21:36.319 --> 00:21:43.720 to go in there I think when you've got the secret 00:21:43.720 --> 00:21:47.049 seal at the end you're not going to be able to 00:21:47.049 --> 00:21:54.509 put that in the officialum or the gratiarum or 00:21:54.509 --> 00:21:57.750 the commune. You're going to have to put that 00:21:57.750 --> 00:22:00.690 in one of the secret seal registers. So it's 00:22:00.690 --> 00:22:05.349 possible that this letter was intended to go 00:22:05.349 --> 00:22:08.750 into one of the others and and then maybe the 00:22:08.750 --> 00:22:11.509 scribe looked ahead to the to the end of it. 00:22:11.869 --> 00:22:15.490 and saw oh no this is going in i'm writing this 00:22:15.490 --> 00:22:18.329 in the secret seal register and it's supposed 00:22:18.329 --> 00:22:22.589 to go in one of the others because they're always 00:22:22.589 --> 00:22:25.690 in the dating clause talking about what level 00:22:25.690 --> 00:22:32.950 of seal the letter is going to be sent as all 00:22:32.950 --> 00:22:38.789 right well a lot going on there and i will link 00:22:38.789 --> 00:22:44.220 to the citations that I mentioned in today's 00:22:44.220 --> 00:22:47.779 episode, especially the book that is sadly out 00:22:47.779 --> 00:22:53.279 of print. by Maria del Carmen Gomez Muntane, which 00:22:53.279 --> 00:22:56.819 was published in 1977. But if you can get your 00:22:56.819 --> 00:22:59.539 hands on it and you're interested in music and 00:22:59.539 --> 00:23:01.779 the history of music and this time and place, 00:23:01.980 --> 00:23:05.539 it's just a fabulous resource. And there's one 00:23:05.539 --> 00:23:08.460 table in there, which I think is a really fun 00:23:08.460 --> 00:23:13.720 one, where it shows some of the particular troubadours 00:23:13.720 --> 00:23:19.430 and minstrels that were there in the court of 00:23:19.430 --> 00:23:23.970 Joan and Violant for like long durations and 00:23:23.970 --> 00:23:27.789 it's like a bar graph kind of that shows which 00:23:27.789 --> 00:23:31.529 years they were there and there's about like 00:23:31.529 --> 00:23:35.529 15 of them I think so that I took a picture of 00:23:35.529 --> 00:23:38.650 I'm going to post that onto the web page for 00:23:38.650 --> 00:23:43.019 this episode. So I hope you found this as fun 00:23:43.019 --> 00:23:45.779 as I did. I honestly could have kept going about 00:23:45.779 --> 00:23:50.420 these documents for another 30 minutes, but, 00:23:50.839 --> 00:23:55.279 you know, we have a motto here at the Historian's 00:23:55.279 --> 00:23:58.740 Notebook. Dissatisfaction guaranteed. That's 00:23:58.740 --> 00:24:01.680 not just for you. Like, I want to keep talking 00:24:01.680 --> 00:24:05.420 about these for like another 90 minutes, so I 00:24:05.420 --> 00:24:11.799 also have to. make good on the motto here. Thank 00:24:11.799 --> 00:24:15.079 you for listening to this installment of the 00:24:15.079 --> 00:24:19.160 Historian's Notebook, Season 1, Molt Cara Companyona. 00:24:20.160 --> 00:24:24.480 And visit the website to take a look at these 00:24:24.480 --> 00:24:28.519 folios that I discussed today and the citations 00:24:28.519 --> 00:24:32.759 and show notes. Listen again tomorrow to hear 00:24:32.759 --> 00:24:36.319 about the next day in the first year of the reign 00:24:36.319 --> 00:24:41.319 of King Joan I of Aragon and Queen Violant de 00:24:41.319 --> 00:24:43.759 Bar. In the meantime, take care!