WEBVTT 00:00:00.200 --> 00:00:05.379 Hello. In the Crown of Aragon, 639 years ago, 00:00:05.940 --> 00:00:12.640 it was January 8th, 1387. My name is Jonathan 00:00:12.640 --> 00:00:15.980 Seyfried. I'm a PhD candidate in history at the 00:00:15.980 --> 00:00:19.879 University of New Mexico. And this is the Historian's 00:00:19.879 --> 00:00:24.019 Notebook, a podcast about how history gets made. 00:00:24.329 --> 00:00:28.230 Season one is titled Molt Cara Companyona. We're 00:00:28.230 --> 00:00:30.730 looking at a document from each day of the first 00:00:30.730 --> 00:00:34.909 year of the reign of King Joan I of Aragon and 00:00:34.909 --> 00:00:39.570 Queen Violant de Bar. Let's begin today's document. 00:01:04.010 --> 00:01:08.409 Today we're looking at another in a series of 00:01:08.409 --> 00:01:12.590 short rapid -fire missives that Violant is sending 00:01:12.590 --> 00:01:16.870 out from Barcelona right at the outset, the initial 00:01:16.870 --> 00:01:23.609 days of being Queen. This letter is at the bottom 00:01:23.609 --> 00:01:28.599 of the folio and so you have to go I think it's 00:01:28.599 --> 00:01:33.719 like four letters down and on the very last line 00:01:33.719 --> 00:01:43.180 you'll see dirigit gubernatori majorcorum and 00:01:43.180 --> 00:01:49.719 that means directed to the governor of Majorca 00:01:49.719 --> 00:01:57.099 and this letter is basically summoning the agent 00:01:57.099 --> 00:02:02.640 of the Crown of Aragon, someone who I think can 00:02:02.640 --> 00:02:09.479 help to situate the concerns of Majorca to Joan 00:02:09.479 --> 00:02:13.840 and Violant once he arrives to Barcelona, basically 00:02:13.840 --> 00:02:19.020 just summoning him to show up and make connection 00:02:19.020 --> 00:02:23.629 and to understand what the new monarchs might 00:02:23.629 --> 00:02:26.770 want with Majorca. I don't know that the new 00:02:26.770 --> 00:02:29.849 monarchs would want anything in particular from 00:02:29.849 --> 00:02:33.210 Majorca except to just, you know, keep things 00:02:33.210 --> 00:02:36.629 calm and don't, you know, have any trouble. There 00:02:36.629 --> 00:02:40.810 hasn't been much trouble in Majorca for a few 00:02:40.810 --> 00:02:45.710 years. And so Majorca is not exactly a hotspot 00:02:45.710 --> 00:02:51.039 like Empuries is. so it's not quite clear to 00:02:51.039 --> 00:02:57.080 me why this is seemingly high priority along 00:02:57.080 --> 00:03:01.340 with the letters about Empuries but Majorca 00:03:01.340 --> 00:03:05.740 does have a history of being kind of a troublemaking 00:03:05.740 --> 00:03:09.039 territory in the Crown of Aragon and so I'm gonna 00:03:09.039 --> 00:03:12.560 pull back and actually talk a bit about the history 00:03:12.560 --> 00:03:16.900 of the Crown of Aragon in order to help you understand 00:03:16.900 --> 00:03:20.180 a little bit about the political entity that 00:03:20.180 --> 00:03:24.280 we've been talking about and to also understand 00:03:24.280 --> 00:03:28.439 a little bit more about how Violant and Joan 00:03:28.439 --> 00:03:33.800 fit into the larger operation of the region of 00:03:33.800 --> 00:03:38.800 the Mediterranean. The origin of the crown of 00:03:38.800 --> 00:03:45.340 Aragon goes back to the 12th century and this 00:03:45.340 --> 00:03:51.460 political entity forms in the context of the 00:03:51.930 --> 00:03:59.849 weakening of Muslim rule over Iberia the person 00:03:59.849 --> 00:04:04.750 who was in charge of the crown of Aragon at the 00:04:04.750 --> 00:04:10.469 time that Majorca was conquered that was King 00:04:10.469 --> 00:04:16.930 James the first known as the conqueror and James 00:04:16.930 --> 00:04:22.860 the first also led troops into Valencia and conquered 00:04:22.860 --> 00:04:27.360 Valencia. Both Majorca and Valencia had been 00:04:27.360 --> 00:04:32.879 under Muslim rule for centuries and this is in 00:04:32.879 --> 00:04:38.240 the early 1200s that James I is doing this. Majorca 00:04:38.240 --> 00:04:44.079 is conquered by James I in 1229 and Valencia 00:04:44.079 --> 00:04:51.470 in 1238. And something to keep in mind about 00:04:51.470 --> 00:04:59.029 the long -lasting Muslim rule in Iberia is that 00:04:59.029 --> 00:05:08.209 when James conquers Valencia, that ended 527 00:05:08.209 --> 00:05:15.209 years of Muslim rule of that part of Iberia. 00:05:16.350 --> 00:05:22.370 I start out the podcast every time by emphasizing 00:05:22.370 --> 00:05:27.509 that it's been 639 years between our present 00:05:27.509 --> 00:05:31.949 time now in 2026 and the time that I'm talking 00:05:31.949 --> 00:05:37.009 about centuries in the past with Joan and 00:05:37.009 --> 00:05:41.490 Violant and their reign. But keep in mind 00:05:41.490 --> 00:05:49.620 that the scale of Muslim rule in Iberia is just 00:05:49.620 --> 00:06:00.339 as vast as the time between now, 2026 and looking 00:06:00.339 --> 00:06:06.019 at 1387. So the reason that I'm emphasizing this 00:06:06.019 --> 00:06:12.240 is to really, really put the focus on how Muslim 00:06:12.240 --> 00:06:18.800 culture and Muslims themselves were really in 00:06:18.800 --> 00:06:22.319 iberia for generations upon generations upon 00:06:22.319 --> 00:06:29.300 generations in whole parts of iberia it was just 00:06:29.300 --> 00:06:35.439 natural to see that part of the world as part 00:06:35.439 --> 00:06:42.250 of the muslim world dar al islam so in the process 00:06:42.250 --> 00:06:47.430 of the weakening of these polities the Muslim 00:06:47.430 --> 00:06:52.829 political states that had at this point when 00:06:52.829 --> 00:06:57.189 Jaume that's the Catalan name for James when 00:06:57.189 --> 00:07:00.750 James the conqueror started to pick off these 00:07:00.750 --> 00:07:05.139 territories the division between the different 00:07:05.139 --> 00:07:09.459 leaders, different Muslim leaders around actually 00:07:09.459 --> 00:07:14.680 created a weakness that was an opportunity for 00:07:14.680 --> 00:07:20.240 Christian military leaders like James to conquer. 00:07:21.300 --> 00:07:27.529 So the expansion of the Crown of Aragon is very 00:07:27.529 --> 00:07:32.269 much part of the interfaith encounter in the 00:07:32.269 --> 00:07:37.550 Mediterranean between Muslim polities and Christian 00:07:37.550 --> 00:07:43.579 polities. I'm about to talk a little bit more 00:07:43.579 --> 00:07:47.639 about the interaction between Muslims, Christians, 00:07:48.060 --> 00:07:51.959 and Jews in medieval Iberia, but before I do 00:07:51.959 --> 00:07:56.879 that, I want to mention something about James 00:07:56.879 --> 00:08:01.920 and the territory of Valencia. because it relates 00:08:01.920 --> 00:08:04.620 to the Archive of the Crown of Aragon and the 00:08:04.620 --> 00:08:08.060 very material that we're looking at when we look 00:08:08.060 --> 00:08:11.980 at documents in the registers, like today's document. 00:08:13.519 --> 00:08:17.879 There's a town to the south of Valencia, not 00:08:17.879 --> 00:08:24.980 too far south. It's named Xativa. Xativa is a 00:08:24.980 --> 00:08:29.800 town that specialized in paper making. and it 00:08:29.800 --> 00:08:34.440 made gigantic amounts of paper and supplied the 00:08:34.440 --> 00:08:40.879 merchants and politicians of the Muslim territories 00:08:40.879 --> 00:08:46.019 around there with paper and this papermaking 00:08:46.019 --> 00:08:50.519 technology had been diffused had been passed 00:08:50.519 --> 00:08:56.700 along all the way from China and through all 00:08:56.700 --> 00:09:04.200 the different Muslim territories from the Levant 00:09:04.200 --> 00:09:10.320 to North Africa and then to Iberia. By the time 00:09:10.320 --> 00:09:15.759 James arrives and conquers Valencia, the paper 00:09:15.759 --> 00:09:19.779 making from Xativa had been going on for quite 00:09:19.779 --> 00:09:25.039 a while. And it continues. That is one of the 00:09:25.039 --> 00:09:29.919 reasons why we have all these records in Iberia. 00:09:30.139 --> 00:09:35.799 It's so uncommon in other parts of Western Europe 00:09:35.799 --> 00:09:40.299 because in other places in Western Europe there 00:09:40.299 --> 00:09:44.740 wasn't papermaking technology and so the records 00:09:44.740 --> 00:09:48.000 that exist are on parchment which is way more 00:09:48.000 --> 00:09:52.769 expensive to produce. Parchment is basically 00:09:52.769 --> 00:09:57.409 it's animal hide and so it's way more difficult 00:09:57.409 --> 00:10:00.370 to produce parchment in large quantities than 00:10:00.370 --> 00:10:06.129 it is to produce paper so the abundance of paper 00:10:06.129 --> 00:10:10.169 is one of the reasons why a culture of record 00:10:10.169 --> 00:10:15.279 keeping really flourishes in the crown of Aragon 00:10:15.279 --> 00:10:20.480 and by the time we get to 1387 there's so much 00:10:20.480 --> 00:10:23.279 record keeping that's happening just as a matter 00:10:23.279 --> 00:10:26.620 of course and was allowed to grow and grow and 00:10:26.620 --> 00:10:31.399 grow especially in the 14th century because of 00:10:31.399 --> 00:10:39.879 this original supply of paper. So what we are 00:10:39.879 --> 00:10:45.570 looking at in material terms, is the result of 00:10:45.570 --> 00:10:49.549 Muslim influence. We have these records because 00:10:49.549 --> 00:10:54.110 of papermaking technology developing in all these 00:10:54.110 --> 00:10:56.809 different parts of the Muslim world, way ahead 00:10:56.809 --> 00:11:01.490 of when it entered into what could be called 00:11:01.490 --> 00:11:06.090 Christendom. Another piece of the puzzle here 00:11:06.090 --> 00:11:12.679 is that James himself was for a formative part 00:11:12.679 --> 00:11:17.700 of his childhood a ward of a high up official 00:11:17.700 --> 00:11:25.659 in the church who basically was in close correspondence 00:11:25.659 --> 00:11:30.799 with the Pope a whole lot and As James was a 00:11:30.799 --> 00:11:34.419 ward of this papal legate, he had a chance to 00:11:34.419 --> 00:11:39.240 observe the chancery operations at a high level 00:11:39.240 --> 00:11:47.179 for the papacy. And so that allowed him to, when 00:11:47.179 --> 00:11:52.700 he became king, institute this regime of record 00:11:52.700 --> 00:11:56.740 -keeping as a way to bolster his own authority. 00:11:57.320 --> 00:12:01.679 and to hold those who he may deals with accountable. 00:12:02.659 --> 00:12:07.659 A paper record, a documentation record will help 00:12:07.659 --> 00:12:13.779 you to establish your authority and to basically 00:12:13.779 --> 00:12:20.059 be a way of legitimating a lot of what you're 00:12:20.059 --> 00:12:24.460 doing. So the reason that we have the Archive 00:12:24.460 --> 00:12:28.179 of the Crown of Aragon in such abundance has 00:12:28.179 --> 00:12:34.700 so much to do with this overall story of the 00:12:34.700 --> 00:12:38.960 development of the Crown of Aragon and the personal 00:12:38.960 --> 00:12:46.039 qualities of James the First and then his ability 00:12:46.039 --> 00:12:52.059 to Basically create the military expansion of 00:12:52.059 --> 00:12:58.279 his territorial claims in the early 13th century 00:12:58.279 --> 00:13:02.639 But a lot of people make the mistake of viewing 00:13:02.639 --> 00:13:06.480 this period of time this transition in terms 00:13:06.480 --> 00:13:10.519 of a clash of civilizations that there was like 00:13:10.519 --> 00:13:14.539 a front line between christians and muslims and 00:13:14.539 --> 00:13:17.500 then it was just kind of like this battle and 00:13:17.500 --> 00:13:22.620 bit by bit the christian forces reconquer Iberia 00:13:22.620 --> 00:13:29.580 in the term used as reconquista this is only 00:13:29.580 --> 00:13:33.639 a fraction of an accurate view of what was going 00:13:33.639 --> 00:13:38.919 on historically because the real frame to view 00:13:38.919 --> 00:13:41.919 this with if you want to imagine what was going 00:13:41.919 --> 00:13:47.759 on in this past time is that there was just as 00:13:47.759 --> 00:13:54.139 much cooperation as there was conflict. So there 00:13:54.139 --> 00:13:59.440 are so many areas of Iberia in which Muslims 00:13:59.440 --> 00:14:06.659 and Christians and Jews are getting along and 00:14:06.659 --> 00:14:11.980 really cooperating a whole lot that is known 00:14:11.980 --> 00:14:17.980 as the convivencia. That is a term that came 00:14:17.980 --> 00:14:23.539 up as an effort to present the time, especially 00:14:23.539 --> 00:14:29.759 under Muslim rule, of a kind of ideal of multiculturalism 00:14:29.759 --> 00:14:33.779 that was I think highly valued in the context 00:14:33.779 --> 00:14:38.379 of when those historians were writing in the 00:14:38.379 --> 00:14:44.259 19th century, 20th century. So that also is an 00:14:44.259 --> 00:14:48.879 error to think that there was always peace between 00:14:48.879 --> 00:14:55.559 the three major religious groups in Iberia. And 00:14:55.559 --> 00:15:00.360 so Brian Catlos has come up with another term, 00:15:01.220 --> 00:15:06.980 conveniencia, meaning that the interfaith encounters 00:15:06.980 --> 00:15:10.879 could be characterized by a kind of pragmatic 00:15:10.879 --> 00:15:14.580 interaction that Jews and Muslims and Christians 00:15:14.580 --> 00:15:18.659 they did business with each other when it made 00:15:18.659 --> 00:15:22.659 sense that it was more of a kind of pragmatic 00:15:22.659 --> 00:15:26.080 interaction with hey you know what if we can 00:15:26.080 --> 00:15:29.120 go into business together and benefit each other 00:15:29.120 --> 00:15:32.399 let's do it if there's no real incentive here 00:15:32.399 --> 00:15:34.659 we're we're not gonna move forward and we'll 00:15:34.659 --> 00:15:36.960 just kind of keep to our own neighborhood or 00:15:36.960 --> 00:15:41.840 keep to our own town so even as the conquering 00:15:41.840 --> 00:15:44.919 is taking place there's really interesting mixtures 00:15:44.919 --> 00:15:50.000 of cooperation and conflict so for example it 00:15:50.000 --> 00:15:54.779 was common when christian military leaders were 00:15:54.779 --> 00:16:01.399 fighting against some muslim realm they the christians 00:16:01.399 --> 00:16:07.580 would have muslim allies vice versa. Sometimes 00:16:07.580 --> 00:16:12.899 Christians would ally with Muslims fighting other 00:16:12.899 --> 00:16:18.080 Christians based on the self -interest that they 00:16:18.080 --> 00:16:21.240 had for their own political goals. So there's 00:16:21.240 --> 00:16:26.220 a real mixture here in terms of motivations and 00:16:26.220 --> 00:16:30.440 shifting alliances and economic cooperation versus 00:16:30.440 --> 00:16:35.970 economic competition. The Crown of Aragon is 00:16:35.970 --> 00:16:39.350 called the Crown of Aragon. It's got the word 00:16:39.350 --> 00:16:44.149 crown in there as sort of a nod to how this was 00:16:44.149 --> 00:16:47.990 more of an alliance of different polities than 00:16:47.990 --> 00:16:54.190 it was a centralized state. The whole idea of 00:16:54.190 --> 00:16:58.519 a state at this time in the middle ages is very 00:16:58.519 --> 00:17:02.980 different from what we imagine the state to be 00:17:02.980 --> 00:17:05.559 in our time and what governance and government 00:17:05.559 --> 00:17:10.440 looks like in our time so referring to this state 00:17:10.440 --> 00:17:13.980 as the crown of aragon is a very helpful reminder 00:17:13.980 --> 00:17:16.819 i would say for a lot of the polities in the 00:17:16.819 --> 00:17:18.819 middle ages that what we're talking about is 00:17:18.819 --> 00:17:22.440 not some kind of government that's able to get 00:17:22.440 --> 00:17:26.240 its tentacles into all all these different regions 00:17:26.240 --> 00:17:29.480 of the Mediterranean, but instead we're talking 00:17:29.480 --> 00:17:33.579 about a lot of deal -making, a lot of centrifugal 00:17:33.579 --> 00:17:39.619 force that is leading different parts of the 00:17:39.619 --> 00:17:43.099 realm to get interested in splitting away occasionally, 00:17:43.099 --> 00:17:48.599 but that the major thing holding them together 00:17:48.599 --> 00:17:57.200 is I think an economic growth. framework where 00:17:57.200 --> 00:18:03.900 if you are connected in terms of who you are 00:18:03.900 --> 00:18:08.140 being ruled by in a sort of confederation sense 00:18:08.140 --> 00:18:14.240 then it makes certain trade interactions more 00:18:14.240 --> 00:18:18.859 smooth because you're all operating with maybe 00:18:19.210 --> 00:18:23.730 Similar understanding of how the ports operate 00:18:23.730 --> 00:18:27.890 what the customs are going to be customs in terms 00:18:27.890 --> 00:18:31.549 of the taxes but also in terms of just how to 00:18:31.549 --> 00:18:36.250 go about doing business and I think that a lot 00:18:36.250 --> 00:18:41.430 of the reason for the increasing Catalan presence 00:18:41.430 --> 00:18:45.250 in the Mediterranean at this time has to do with 00:18:45.250 --> 00:18:50.890 how the people who were part of the initial Crown 00:18:50.890 --> 00:18:54.829 of Aragon they understood that they had to operate 00:18:54.829 --> 00:19:00.430 in a very multilingual and multi -political context 00:19:00.430 --> 00:19:03.529 where they had to be able to communicate with 00:19:03.529 --> 00:19:07.230 other across language barriers and cultural barriers 00:19:07.230 --> 00:19:12.410 all the time. A lot of this has to do with the 00:19:12.410 --> 00:19:19.390 origins of the original entities in the Crown 00:19:19.390 --> 00:19:24.410 of Aragon which basically are going along the 00:19:24.410 --> 00:19:27.900 coast the southern coast of what is today Spain 00:19:27.900 --> 00:19:32.259 and France, and in that region, I would say stretching 00:19:32.259 --> 00:19:36.180 from Montpellier to Barcelona, there's just a 00:19:36.180 --> 00:19:42.180 tremendous diversity in language groups and cultures. 00:19:42.359 --> 00:19:45.440 Part of it is because of the Pyrenees mountains 00:19:45.440 --> 00:19:49.440 interrupting contact in some of the times that 00:19:49.440 --> 00:19:53.119 these vernacular languages developed out of Latin. 00:19:54.299 --> 00:19:58.779 Speaking of language, some of you might be curious 00:19:58.779 --> 00:20:05.299 to know about the language Catalan and also how 00:20:05.299 --> 00:20:08.799 that influences the names of people like Joan 00:20:08.799 --> 00:20:12.039 and Violant. So I'll talk just a little bit 00:20:12.039 --> 00:20:17.619 about that. Catalan the way I like to think of 00:20:17.619 --> 00:20:22.359 it is if you took Castilian Spanish and French 00:20:22.359 --> 00:20:26.819 and put them into a blender and then threw in 00:20:26.819 --> 00:20:30.960 a lot of words with the letter x because it really 00:20:30.960 --> 00:20:34.140 is if you study Castilian Spanish and French 00:20:34.140 --> 00:20:37.660 you can kind of figure out a lot about Catalan 00:20:38.410 --> 00:20:40.950 but it is its own thing and I don't want to make 00:20:40.950 --> 00:20:43.829 it seem like it's some kind of like derivation 00:20:43.829 --> 00:20:46.910 because it comes up along with other languages 00:20:46.910 --> 00:20:51.490 like Occitan in the south of France. There's 00:20:51.490 --> 00:20:56.930 all these variations like a spectrum that go 00:20:56.930 --> 00:21:03.029 all along from Portuguese to French and it's 00:21:03.029 --> 00:21:08.170 really a beautiful array of different linguistic 00:21:08.170 --> 00:21:14.910 developments and practices so Catalan is its 00:21:14.910 --> 00:21:19.130 own language very much so it's got its roots 00:21:19.130 --> 00:21:24.950 going all the way back to initial Latin and then 00:21:24.950 --> 00:21:29.579 splitting off just as modern -day French or modern 00:21:29.579 --> 00:21:35.279 -day Castilian Spanish split off. Catalan has 00:21:35.279 --> 00:21:40.500 some different pronunciation tendencies or I 00:21:40.500 --> 00:21:46.099 guess you could say patterns and so that's why 00:21:46.099 --> 00:21:52.920 we have instead of like a soft I'm not a very 00:21:52.920 --> 00:21:54.920 good linguist, so I'm not describing this right. 00:21:55.000 --> 00:22:01.220 But instead of a Johan, we have a Joan. And also 00:22:01.220 --> 00:22:07.799 we can say Violant is the Catalan version of 00:22:07.799 --> 00:22:16.900 Yolanda. Violant was named Yolanda after her 00:22:16.900 --> 00:22:20.779 grandmother. and remember Violant is from France 00:22:20.779 --> 00:22:27.299 and she's named after Yolande of Flanders so 00:22:27.299 --> 00:22:32.460 the name Yolande has a very, you know, very long 00:22:32.460 --> 00:22:38.740 history of usage at this time. Another part of 00:22:38.740 --> 00:22:45.569 the pronunciation piece here is Aragon. So there's 00:22:45.569 --> 00:22:49.869 another language called Aragonese, which is similar 00:22:49.869 --> 00:22:55.150 to Catalan, but has distinct differences. I feel 00:22:55.150 --> 00:22:59.170 like every time I say Aragon, I say it differently. 00:22:59.430 --> 00:23:01.950 Like sometimes it's Aragon, sometimes it's Aragon. 00:23:02.609 --> 00:23:07.710 And that is just a legacy of how in the Anglophone 00:23:07.710 --> 00:23:13.009 world of medieval scholarship, It's very common 00:23:13.009 --> 00:23:17.990 to hear people in the United States call this 00:23:17.990 --> 00:23:23.670 region Aragon. And so I've heard it Aragon all 00:23:23.670 --> 00:23:27.910 the time. I think that, you know, the actual 00:23:27.910 --> 00:23:31.279 pronunciation is more like Aragon. but I just 00:23:31.279 --> 00:23:33.559 am all over the place on that so if you've been 00:23:33.559 --> 00:23:37.380 listening closely to me you've probably noticed 00:23:37.380 --> 00:23:41.200 why is Jonathan saying this differently like 00:23:41.200 --> 00:23:43.940 almost every time it's because I have not settled 00:23:43.940 --> 00:23:47.559 on any kind of one way to say it so I just switch 00:23:47.559 --> 00:23:56.119 it up goodness gracious we have gone so far over 00:23:56.119 --> 00:24:01.890 the goal time for these episodes got really into 00:24:01.890 --> 00:24:06.230 a lot of the background context I hope that that 00:24:06.230 --> 00:24:09.769 was interesting to everybody and yeah I mean 00:24:09.769 --> 00:24:12.289 we've got a little document here about Majorca 00:24:12.289 --> 00:24:15.130 that then you can use as just the tip of the 00:24:15.130 --> 00:24:18.769 iceberg talking about Majorca and it takes you 00:24:18.769 --> 00:24:23.269 into all these other areas of what was happening 00:24:23.269 --> 00:24:26.789 at this time and how what had been going on for 00:24:26.789 --> 00:24:31.900 centuries leads into this moment in the archive 00:24:31.900 --> 00:24:38.319 on January 8th 1387. Well, thanks for bearing 00:24:38.319 --> 00:24:42.500 with all of that. Of course there's still all 00:24:42.500 --> 00:24:46.039 the different kinds of questions that come up 00:24:46.039 --> 00:24:49.880 about the document and why is Majorca such a 00:24:49.880 --> 00:24:53.059 big deal right now? Is it just always a big deal? 00:24:53.859 --> 00:24:55.900 Is there anything happening right at the moment? 00:24:56.279 --> 00:24:58.980 Not sure. Have to research that a little bit 00:24:58.980 --> 00:25:03.059 more. But we'd better just bring this episode 00:25:03.059 --> 00:25:09.259 to a close. Thanks for listening to this episode 00:25:09.259 --> 00:25:12.500 of the Historian's Notebook, Season 1, Molt Cara 00:25:12.500 --> 00:25:15.880 Companyona. If you are leaving with more questions 00:25:15.880 --> 00:25:19.180 than you arrived with, maybe you got some questions 00:25:19.180 --> 00:25:22.180 answered about some of the historical context, 00:25:22.200 --> 00:25:24.940 but you're mad because you want to know more 00:25:24.940 --> 00:25:27.630 about... What happened in Majorca at this time 00:25:27.630 --> 00:25:30.690 will take that anger and transform it into a 00:25:30.690 --> 00:25:33.829 love of how you never really get to know everything 00:25:33.829 --> 00:25:37.230 about what's going on in the past. And remember 00:25:37.230 --> 00:25:42.349 that this means I've done my job. The motto of 00:25:42.349 --> 00:25:46.390 the Historian's Notebook is dissatisfaction guaranteed. 00:25:47.289 --> 00:25:51.069 For that reason. So visit the website to see 00:25:51.069 --> 00:25:53.920 an image of today's document. and additional 00:25:53.920 --> 00:25:57.359 show notes, and listen again tomorrow to hear 00:25:57.359 --> 00:26:00.880 about the next day in the first year of the reign 00:26:00.880 --> 00:26:07.079 of King Joan I of Aragon and Queen Violant 00:26:07.079 --> 00:26:09.880 de Bar. In the meantime, take care.