WEBVTT

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Schools are in a crisis.

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You have in Australia, according
to recent data by the education

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research group learning first,
Australian kids are lagging behind

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their international counterparts
in reading mathematics and science.

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In response to this, it was thought
that one of the reasons we're lagging

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behind in reading it because of
a lack of explicit instruction.

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And I addressed this in episode 22.

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I'll link to it in the show notes

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so you can have a listen to that only
once you finished this one of course.

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I think a logical question to ask
is what are the best strategies then

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and practices for teachers to use
to get the best out of children?

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As professionals, of course, we're
not interested in any old strategy.

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No we want evidence based strategies.

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And when we want evidence, it leads us to
High Impact Teaching Strategies or HITS.

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These are instructional practices
that reliably increase student

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learning and they emerged from
studies and findings across

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Australian and international schools.

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And in the work of John
Hattie and Robert Mazano.

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Who took these findings, and
ranked them by their level of

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effectiveness in student learning.

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Otherwise known as their effect size.

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In other words, how these strategies
or how much these strategies

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effected student learning.

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So the higher, the score, the higher
the effect, the better the strategy.

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Now, we should note that researchers
like Hattie, Manzano and others have

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all used slightly different methods
to calculate this effect size.

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But they're all agreeing
on the most powerful.

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And those that make the
most difference to learning.

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And you can find these, even in the AITSL
standards here in Australia and I'll link

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to this in the show notes for you as well.

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Now, of course, nothing
is ever that simple

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is it.

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These on their own don't
necessarily mean much to have to be

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implemented in a complete framework,
within a pedagogical approach.

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But according to this, the 10 most
impactful strategies are the following.

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Setting goals, structuring lessons,
explicit teaching, worked examples,

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collaborative learning, multiple
exposures, questioning, feedback,

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meta cognitive strategies,
and differentiated teaching.

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Did you notice something?

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In this list of the 10 high
impact teaching strategies, there

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is no inquiry based learning.

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So of course, as a curious educator,
and this is a curious human being,

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someone asks a lot of questions, which
sometimes gets me into trouble and doesn't

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often make me very popular, but Hey,

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that's just me.

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I  I am someone who asks questions.

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What does inquiry based teaching entail?

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Well, there's goals setting.

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Students and teachers decide on
what they want to determine, and

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then through the inquiry process,
you determine a path to get there.

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Contrary to popular opinion, inquiry,
isn't just Willy Nilly lessons.

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They're structured.

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And it's plain nonsense to think
that teachers simply say to children,

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well, go off and inquire I really
urge you to read Kath Murdoch's book,

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Getting Personal with Inquiry Learning
and Trevor Mackenzie's book Inquiry

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Mindset  the Elementary Edition.

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And you'll see just how structured
lessons are supposed to be

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especially in the beginning when students
and teachers are just getting started.

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Inquiry's also explicit.

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So when you start teaching the
process, You'll see that in a good

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inquiry classroom, we explicitly
teach the process in a step by

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step fashion and with modeling.

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Any good educator worth their salt knows
the value of explicit instruction and

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in a good inquiry classroom, explicit
instruction dovetails with inquiry.

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It's not one or another.

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It's both.

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This is the way I've always run
my classrooms, and I've had great

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success, which was not only evident
in grades, which I wish never

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existed in early childhood, but also
in the attitude towards learning

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and the attitude towards school.

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And what about worked examples?

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Well, of course that goes without saying.

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Showing students, what a good one looks
like showing them the standard you

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want them to achieve and giving them
a clear example of what you expect is

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essential for great learning outcomes.

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Every other strategy on that list
is part of  inquiry  based learning.

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Collaborative learning, multiple
exposures, questioning, I mean questioning

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forms the basis of inquiry, inquiry
and questioning go hand in hand.

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By the way, if you're wondering about the
types of questions you should be asking

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young children, then I have a list of
question starters you can use with young

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children in my resource library, and I
leave a link for you in the show notes.

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Feedback and metacognitive strategies.

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In other words, teaching kids to
think about their thinking so that

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they become aware of their learning
process, these too are strategies

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used in an inquiry classroom.

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Lastly differentiated learning.

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And this is where inquiry
comes into its own.

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Inquiry is probably the best strategy
I know of for differentiation.

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In fact, a typical classroom has a handful
of kids, as we all know, as teachers

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on the high end, most of them are in
the middle and then another handful

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on the end that needs more support.

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It's generally a typical bell curve
and inquiry is great because those

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high-end students, they can just get
on with the things that they need

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to do with very little direction

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once you've got the hang of it, and then
that frees you up to give those students

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that need more help, more direction,
and they are working at their level,

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but no matter where your students sit
on that bell curve, I believe that to

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really get the best out of students, we
need to have high expectations of them.

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All of them, not just some of them.

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Not impossible expectations,
but aim high for each one.

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And I'm going to come back to
that point in just a moment.

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Now if you go and you dig around John
Hattie's visible learning website.

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I'll link to it in the show notes.

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You can actually look up the meta
analysis of all these different

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influences in different categories,

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for example, you've got to teaching
strategies, you've got curriculum,

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student, teacher, home, student
learning strategies, etc. And

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because I have a curious mind, as
you know, I need to know stuff.

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If I hadn't become a teacher, I
promise you, I think I would've made

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a great investigative journalist
or pathologist, you know, like

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those guys that you see on CSI.

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I love that, but I digress.

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Let's get back to the best
influences on children's learning.

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So I noticed that Constructivist
Teaching has an effect size of 0.92,

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which of course is really quite high.

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And by the way, Hattie said
that 0.4 is kind of the average.

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So anything above 0.4 and the
higher above 0.4, it is, the better.

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So constructivist teaching involves
providing students with learner

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centered, active instruction, where
students are actively involved in

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exploring ideas and making meaning,
not passively receiving information.

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Constructivism as a theory
of how we learn, but inquiry

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is a pedagogical strategy.

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In other words, how we actually
teach and it goes without saying

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then that strategies like inquiry
facilitate or help students to

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construct meaning and understanding.

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Classroom discussion, which has
an effect size of 0.82 also has a

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significant effect on student learning.

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Once again, discussion is a really
big part of the inquiry classroom.

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And I immediately think
about the talking tub.

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And I discussed this with the
creator of the talking tub, which

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is Dr. Claire Warden in episode 24.

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So that's another episode you might
want to listen to after this one.

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Getting children to talk and collaborate
with peers is not only a highly

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effective strategy for learning outcomes.

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But also another one that goes hand
in hand with inquiry based learning.

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And one of the characteristics
that children develop when you're

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teaching through an inquiry
lens is critical thinking.

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And that has an effect size of 0.81.

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So another really high teaching
strategy for great learning outcomes.

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On the visible learning website, critical
thinking is defined as a set of cognitive

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skills, including analysis, inference,
evaluation, interpretation, deductive

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reasoning, and inductive reasoning,
that collectively enable a thinker to

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reasonably decide who and what to believe.

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And these are exactly the skills or
capabilities that inquiry teaching

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strives to develop in students.

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There's another big influencer on student
learning and that's Outcomes Based

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Education with an effect size of 0.97.

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We read on the site, that outcomes
based education, is based on developing

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the desired outcomes of education
experience and expecting all students

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to then reach those benchmark goals.

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Which brings me back to the point
I made earlier, about setting

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high expectations for students.

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I think that holding students accountable
and setting high, but achievable

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goals is essential for achievement.

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This is something that I've always done.

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Not only in the classroom with my
students, but also with my own children

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and actually for myself personally, too.

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I think too many times we
underestimate children.

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They are strong and capable of so much

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if only we'll let them.

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Too often we rescue them
and we do things for them.

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Instead of helping them set goals, give
them examples of what an achievement

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looks like and then holding them to that.

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And encouraging them with regular positive
feedback, which  by the way, feedback

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is really has a high effect size, and
scaffolding them where we need to, and

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not accepting subpar work from students.

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That will not help them
reach their desired outcome.

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And I'm not saying by any means that
we should stress kids by expecting

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things from them that's too far out
of their reach, but what I am saying,

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is that things shouldn't be easy.

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Easy is a recipe for boredom.

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The tasks, which would be differentiated,
should be slightly challenging to those

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students and they should push them
to problem solve and critical think.

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Have you ever seen kids playing
challenging video games?

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How excited they are about achieving the
next level or completing a challenge.

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Well, that's what school should be like.

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It should be fun, enjoyable, but
push them just enough to make it

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challenging so that those neural
connections are made, and then with

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achievement, they receive a dopamine hit.

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Which then sets them up
for the next challenge.

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That's why kids love computer games.

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Not because they're easy, but
because they're challenging.

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It gives them something to strive for.

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So we've seen that learning is impacted
by so many different influences.

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But I really believe that our jobs as
educators is firstly to teach kids,

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to read, write, and do arithmetic in
the early years I'm talking about.

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But that's not actually enough.

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Our job is to teach children to think.

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Not to tell them what to think, which is
happening in too many places around the

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world, or what to believe, or to feed
them the latest, often flawed information

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from which whichever government or
media outlet is pushing an agenda.

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But to give them the skills that
will help them think for themselves.

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And how do we do that?

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Well by firstly being curious ourselves
and secondly, encouraging their curiosity.

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Now here's a funny thing.

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The effect size for curiosity is 0.66.

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Based on 15 studies with 3,350
students in total from Germany and

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Australia, but the 10 studies conducted
in Australia with 2,692 students

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resulted in an effect, size of 0.90.

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And it doesn't take a genius to figure
out that unless kids are curious and

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interested in learning in the first place,
you can do double back, flips all day,

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you're not going to get them to meet their
full potential if they're not interested.

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And once you've got them interested,
then using all these fabulous

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strategies, the sky is the limit.

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I've spoken about effective teaching
strategies and pedagogy, but

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another big influence on student
learning, is you and me, the teacher.

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Influences that rank really highly in this
category are teacher clarity with 0.85.

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shared teacher efficacy 1.34, and
that's where the whole school all

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teachers believe that they are making
a big difference in children's lives

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and that they are being effective.

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Teacher clarity, teacher credibility,
and teacher estimates of achievement

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as I have already mentioned.

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I want to single out
teacher clarity at 0.85.

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Which relates to organization,
explanation, examples and guided

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practice, and assessment of student
learning and that can involve clearly

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communicating the learning intentions
of the lesson and the success criteria.

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Clear learning intentions,

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describe the skills, the knowledge,
the attitudes and the values

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that the students need to learn.

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And this all sounds so basic.

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It's what good effective
teachers do all the time.

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It involves being organized
because no one works well in chaos.

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Knowing what you're teaching.

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Communicating it really clearly modeling
it, and holding them to high expectations.

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There is so much in the news about how
poorly our children are doing at school.

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And then there's always this
debate about whether it's the

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curriculum or teacher competency.

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There are a lot of external factors too,
things like technology use and parenting

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styles that are not within our control.

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There's nothing we can do
about the curriculum or what

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goes on in children's homes.

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But we do have control over
the strategies we use in the

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classroom and our own pedagogy.

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We've seen today just what
the big influences are.

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And we need to start taking responsibility
for our part and our own shortcomings

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and do better if we need to.

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For us as teachers to be really effective.

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It starts with the right mindset.

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An inquiry mindset, a growth
mindset, a positive attitude,

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putting your game face on.

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How many of us stop to think.

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Not just about what we're doing.

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But why we're doing it.

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This is not just for educators.

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It's just about being aware of
what you're doing as a human.

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And when it comes to trying new
strategies, because perhaps you finally

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come to realize that what you're doing,
isn't working too well, that perhaps

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not all the children are engaged as they
should be, or perhaps there's a lot of

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sloppy work and messy stuff and kids are
falling short of their full potential.

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Trying new strategies can be scary
and you're going to mess up and

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you're going to make mistakes.

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And there might even be a
little bit of chaos for awhile.

00:16:42.273 --> 00:16:46.353
But learning from our mistakes and sharing
that with the students or sharing with

00:16:46.353 --> 00:16:51.213
them that you'll be trying something new,
and outline the process and your thinking

00:16:51.573 --> 00:16:54.333
and together, embarking on this journey.

00:16:55.203 --> 00:16:57.723
And when things go
wrong, you talk about it.

00:16:58.173 --> 00:17:01.173
Because it helps children see
that mistakes are a normal part

00:17:01.173 --> 00:17:05.343
of learning and they learn grit
and perseverance by watching how

00:17:05.343 --> 00:17:07.413
we handle failures and setbacks.

00:17:07.983 --> 00:17:11.793
I wrote about this kind of thinking
of trying new things and allowing our

00:17:11.793 --> 00:17:14.193
children and students to see us fail,

00:17:14.493 --> 00:17:18.243
and the lessons we learned from
this in my weekly newsletter,

00:17:18.303 --> 00:17:21.273
Get Curious, to my subscribers.

00:17:21.543 --> 00:17:24.753
And if you want to Get Curious
and receive more of these types of

00:17:24.753 --> 00:17:29.723
insights in directly into your mailbox
you should subscribe    so go to

00:17:29.723 --> 00:17:33.643
resources.bloomingcurious.com/getcurious.

00:17:33.713 --> 00:17:36.743
I'll put the link in the show
notes and sign up there to

00:17:36.743 --> 00:17:38.873
be part of this community.

00:17:40.143 --> 00:17:44.283
I think we can conclude that it's not
just one strategy, that's the be all

00:17:44.283 --> 00:17:50.313
and end all, but that we need a whole
quiver of strategies when it comes

00:17:50.313 --> 00:17:52.113
to effective teaching and learning.

00:17:52.803 --> 00:17:57.423
But for me, inquiry based learning
when well done covers a multitude of

00:17:57.423 --> 00:18:03.483
factors that influence learning and that
ultimately it's, it's only through inquiry

00:18:03.483 --> 00:18:08.043
based strategies that we get kids to
think and become independent learners.

00:18:08.733 --> 00:18:11.823
And ultimately for me,
that's real learning.

00:18:13.413 --> 00:18:17.643
If getting started with inquiry
is something you're interested in.

00:18:18.483 --> 00:18:23.073
And you want to start dipping your
toes in, because perhaps you've been

00:18:23.073 --> 00:18:25.173
listening to Blooming Curious for awhile.

00:18:25.473 --> 00:18:30.273
Or perhaps you've had a PD with an
inquiry teaching specialist or an

00:18:30.273 --> 00:18:36.483
inquiry consultant, and, and you
really want to integrate inquiry into

00:18:36.483 --> 00:18:38.433
your classroom, but you're afraid,

00:18:38.433 --> 00:18:40.533
you're just not sure how to start.

00:18:40.533 --> 00:18:44.313
You're unsure about what, what what's
going to happen in the classroom?

00:18:44.313 --> 00:18:45.483
Is there going to be chaos?

00:18:45.483 --> 00:18:47.073
How do you actually structure it?

00:18:47.583 --> 00:18:53.313
Well, I have a little step-by-step
guide for you called inquiry 1 0 1

00:18:53.643 --> 00:18:58.173
that takes you through the steps of
beginning inquiry in your classroom.

00:18:58.593 --> 00:19:03.193
You go to
resources.bloomingcurious.com/inquiry101

00:19:04.053 --> 00:19:08.043
and I'll link it in the show notes,
and you can go and get it there and

00:19:08.043 --> 00:19:13.953
start to integrate inquiry into your
existing lessons, because remember,

00:19:14.613 --> 00:19:16.653
you're not giving up what you're doing.

00:19:17.343 --> 00:19:23.103
You're actually adding a lens to it
because inquiry isn't a separate subject,

00:19:23.583 --> 00:19:25.503
it's a way of thinking and teaching.

00:19:25.923 --> 00:19:31.383
It's a pedagogy and a strategy
that is used across all subjects.

00:19:31.863 --> 00:19:35.343
And once it becomes part of your
fabric, neither you, nor your

00:19:35.343 --> 00:19:36.903
students will ever look back.

00:19:37.393 --> 00:19:39.433
So follow the link and
check out the guide.

00:19:39.523 --> 00:19:42.103
And I'll also leave a link
to Blooming Curious my newly

00:19:42.103 --> 00:19:44.713
updated website and blog too.

00:19:44.713 --> 00:19:49.123
So check out all the information
there on curiosity and inquiry.

00:19:49.963 --> 00:19:51.913
This has been a bit of an episode.

00:19:51.913 --> 00:19:52.543
Hasn't it?

00:19:53.023 --> 00:19:54.673
I just want to thank you for being here.

00:19:54.703 --> 00:19:56.593
I really appreciate you being here.

00:19:57.073 --> 00:20:00.133
And if you like my content,
then the ultimate compliment

00:20:00.133 --> 00:20:01.633
would be to leave a review.

00:20:02.173 --> 00:20:05.443
And you do that by going to the show,
not this individual episode and you

00:20:05.443 --> 00:20:08.623
scroll right down to the bottom and
you'll see where it says, leave a review.

00:20:09.373 --> 00:20:13.963
And if you could do that, it would be
absolutely wonderful and seriously make

00:20:13.963 --> 00:20:20.323
my day because it's reviews that really
get this podcast to the top of the pile.

00:20:21.443 --> 00:20:23.093
So, thanks in advance for that.

00:20:23.423 --> 00:20:27.833
I can't wait to see your reviews and
hopefully I'll be in your inbox too.

00:20:28.133 --> 00:20:34.343
So go Get Curious by subscribing and
until next week, stay blooming curious.

