WEBVTT

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Think about the crumpled one dollar bill sitting

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in your wallet or maybe your pocket right now.

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If people still even carry cash. Right. Right.

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Yeah. But seriously if you have one just visualize

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it. Where was that specific piece of paper yesterday.

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Oh that is a wild thing to think about. It really

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is. Like who held it before you did. Was it used

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by a grandmother to buy a birthday card at a

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pharmacy or? Or was used to snort something highly

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illegal in the alleyway behind a dive bar. Exactly.

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I mean, you literally have no idea. And usually

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when we talk about a murder mystery, there's

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this very rigid, comforting formula. Yeah, the

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classic procedural setup. Right. A grizzled detective

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shows up at a crime scene, flashes a badge, and

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starts interviewing suspects one by one. It's

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a very straight, logical line from the crime

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to the culprit. Because we ride shotgun with

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the person whose literal job is to solve the

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puzzle. Exactly. Which, you know, is incredibly

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safe for the viewer. We follow the investigator,

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we know who the hero is, and we completely trust

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their perspective to guide us through the darkness

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of the story. But what if the camera didn't follow

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the detective? Oh, man. What if instead the camera

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followed the money? Welcome to today's Deep Dive.

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If you are a curious learner who loves dissecting

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unique storytelling experiments, you are in the

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exact right place. You really are. Today, we

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are cracking open the history of a television

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series from 2018. It's a somewhat forgotten show

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called One Dollar. It really slipped under the

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radar for a lot of people. It did. And our mission

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here isn't just to recap a canceled TV show.

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We are going to deconstruct a truly fascinating

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narrative experiment. Right, because the structure

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of this show is just... Wild. We want to examine

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how a single everyday object was used to completely

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map the class and cultural divides of a post

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-recession American town. And we'll get into

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why critics were so intensely divided on it.

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Yeah, whether this was a stroke of absolute genius

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or just a cheap gimmick. OK, let's untack this.

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Well, what's fascinating here is how structure

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completely dictates meaning. I mean, when you

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change the lens through which a story is told,

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you completely change the story itself. Absolutely.

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So let's start with the premise and the gimmick

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itself. The setup of $1 is incredibly atmospheric.

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Very moody. Yeah. We are dropped into a small,

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unnamed Rust Belt town in post -recession America.

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The inciting incident is heavy and immediately

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demands attention. It's a multiple murder, right?

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Yes, a shocking multiple murder at a local steel

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mill. That is the hook. But the narrative engine

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-like, the actual mechanism of how we experience

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the fallout of this crime is the catch. This

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is the part I love. The point of view shifts

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entirely from person to person depending on who

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is holding a specific one dollar bill. It forces

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a completely bird's eye view of a fractured society.

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Think about how currency actually functions in

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the real world. It just changes hands constantly.

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Right. A dollar bill has absolutely no loyalty.

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It has no class consciousness, no morals, and

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no political affiliation. It's just a piece of

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paper. Exactly. That single bill could be sitting

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in the cheap plastic cash register of a struggling

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diner at eight in the morning, handed over as

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a tip by a waitress who is, you know, barely

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making rent. Yeah, just trying to survive. But

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then by noon, it could be slipped into the leather

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wallet of a wealthy real estate developer who

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just bought her building. Oh, wow. Yeah. And

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by midnight, that same piece of paper could be

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paying for a bribe or something totally illicit

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in that wealthy guy's gated community. It's the

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ultimate neutral observer. I mean, the best analogy

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I can think of is a relay race. OK, I like that.

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But instead of a smooth, wooden baton being passed

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between elite athletes on a manicured track,

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they are passing around a bloodstained piece

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of currency. That's a great way to put it. And

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whoever holds that bill, that is who the camera

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follows. It forces the story to look at completely

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different corners of the community that would

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normally never interact with each other. Because

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a detective, no matter how good they are, only

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goes where they think the clues are. Right. They

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follow their own logic. Yeah. They have biases.

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They have blind spots. They interview the immediate

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family, the co -workers, the obvious enemies.

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But the dollar bill goes everywhere. It literally

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slips through the cracks of the investigation.

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It crosses those deep class and cultural boundaries

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without asking for permission. Just think about

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applying this to your own life right now. Like,

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think about your workplace. or the city you live

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in. It would be terrifying, honestly. It would.

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If you could somehow attach a microscopic camera

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to a $20 bill and track it as it moved through

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your local economy over the course of a single

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week. You'd see everything. How would that completely

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change your understanding of your own social

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ecosystem? You would see the invisible threads.

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connecting people who would never otherwise speak

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to each other. The barista, the CEO, the unhoused

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person on the corner, the local politician. Yeah,

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that invisible web of commerce is the actual

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engine of this show. But, you know, a theoretical

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premise is just a whiteboard idea until you build

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the world. Right. Execution is everything. Exactly.

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A geographically accurate town is just empty

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real estate without the right texture. If the

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town doesn't feel authentic, the dollar bill

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stops being a microscope into the human condition

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and just becomes a cheap laser pointer bouncing

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around a stage. The setting has to be strong

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enough to carry the weight of that constant perspective

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shifting. Because if the audience doesn't buy

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the town, they won't buy the gimmick. So let's

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look at how they built it. The series was created

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by Jason Mosberg. and directed by Craig Zobel.

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Some really solid names. Yeah. And backed by

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some serious production muscle from CBS television

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studios and anonymous content. But the hyper

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local authenticity is what really jumps out as

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the defining characteristic here. Oh, absolutely.

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The location choices were so deliberate. They

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didn't just film this on a generic backlog in

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California and call it Anywhere USA. They shot

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the series entirely on location in Pittsburgh,

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Pennsylvania, starting in March of 2018. Which,

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if you've ever been to Pittsburgh in March...

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It's bleak. It's very gray. Very authentic, but

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gray. Yeah. And they made a very deliberate,

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somewhat shocking decision to prominently feature

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the regional Yinser accent. Which, from a television

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production standpoint, is a massive creative

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risk. Really? Just the accent? Oh yeah. The industry

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standard usually defaults to a sort of flat,

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non -regional, Midwestern broadcast dialect.

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Network executives are historically terrified

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of highly specific regional accents. Because

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they think people won't understand it. Exactly.

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They worry it will alienate a broader audience

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who might feel like they need subtitles to understand

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what's being said. I mean, for anyone who isn't

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from Western Pennsylvania, the Yintzer accent

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is incredibly distinct. It really is its own

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thing. It's this Appalachian -tinged working

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-class dialect where you all... becomes yinz.

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Right, yinz going to the game. Yeah. And downtown

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sounds like downtown. There's a very specific

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rhythm to the phrasing and it carries a heavy

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blue collar connotation. It does. So my question

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is, does leaning into something so hyper -specific,

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like an obscure regional dialect that had rarely

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been used as the default voice of a TV drama

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before, actually make a show more universally

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relatable? That's the million dollar question.

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Doesn't making it strictly Pittsburgh risk isolating

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a viewer in say, Texas or California? I'd actually

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argue the exact opposite. Really? How so? Well,

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when we look at the core theme of $1, which is

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the grinding reality of post -recession, America

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authenticity in location and voice is the only

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thing that grounds the mystery. OK, I can see

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that. When you are dealing with themes of deep

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economic hardship, cultural friction, and massive

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class divides. Rooting the story in a real, tangible

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geography prevents it from feeling like a generic

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morality play. It stops it from feeling like

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a lecture. Precisely. The Yinzer accent, the

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rusted bridges, the gray, oppressive skies of

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a Pittsburgh march. So gray. Yeah. Those aren't

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just background details or set dressing. They're

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the actual texture of a post -recession reality.

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It signals to the viewer, like, these are real

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people trapped in a real place. Right. It makes

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the struggle feel lived in. Exactly. The more

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specific the details, the more genuine the human

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struggle feels. And human struggle is what is

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universally relatable, regardless of whether

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you live in Dallas or Seattle. You're making

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the town a living, breathing character, not just

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a set. 100%. But even a perfectly designed town

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needs the right faces. And because this show

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doesn't have a single main character to slap

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on a billboard. Right, because the protagonist

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shifts every single episode. Yeah. So they couldn't

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just cast one massive A -lister and build the

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show around them. They had to build an entire

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ecosystem of actors capable of carrying the narrative

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baton. And that requires a very specific type

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of performer. You can't just fill the town with

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generic, beautiful people. No, you need some

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grit. You need actors who carry own gravity.

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Which is why the ensemble they put together is

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so brilliant. Instead of leaning on traditional

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leading men or women, they built a deep bench

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of heavy hitting character actors. The casting

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was phenomenal. You have John Carroll Lynch,

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an actor who brings this incredible, quiet, working

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class menace to almost everything he does. He

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is always so good. Always. And then you have

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Leslie Odom, Jr. fresh off his massive Broadway

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success in Hamilton, bringing this undeniable

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charisma to a wealthy real estate character.

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Such a great contrast. They pulled in Philip

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Even the country musician, Sturgill Simpson.

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It's an eclectic mix, but it serves the structure

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perfectly. If the dollar bill lands in your character's

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pocket, you are suddenly the lead of a television

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show for the next 60 minutes. No pressure, right.

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You have to be compelling enough to hold the

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audience's attention entirely on your own while

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still fitting seamlessly into the background

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of someone else's episode. the very next week.

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That's a huge ask for an actor, and the episodes

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are literally titled after the characters holding

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the bill. Yeah, I love that detail. Episode 1

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is Garrett Dremmer. Episode 4 is Chelsea Weiler.

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It's basically an anthology hiding inside a serialized

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mystery. It really is. But despite this incredible

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cast and this hyper -authentic world, the life

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cycle of this show was shockingly brief. It came

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and went so fast. It really did. It was originally

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ordered way back in 2017 under the title $1,

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just the symbol and the number. Oh, man. I imagine

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someone in marketing finally realized that title

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was an absolute typographical nightmare for search

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engine optimization. Oh, without a doubt. Try

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Googling a dollar sign and a number one and finding

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a TV show. Good luck. Impossible. So they changed

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it to spelled out one dollar. It premiered in

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late August 2018 on CBS All Access. It ran for

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a tight 10 episode season, dropping weekly and

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finished its run on November 1st. And then? And

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then the absolute abrupt end. By the middle of

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December, just six weeks after the finale aired,

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the network announced the show was canceled.

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Wow. If we connect this to the bigger picture,

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this cancellation is a perfect snapshot of the

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brutal reality of the 2018 streaming era. Six

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weeks to decide the fate of a completely unique

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narrative experiment. That feels like they barely

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gave it a chance to breathe. It's ruthless, but

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it's indicative of the ecosystem it was born

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into. I mean, six weeks is nothing. Right. Think

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about your own streaming queue right now. Think

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about how many thumbnail images you scroll past

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on a Tuesday night looking for something to watch.

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So many. Hundreds. Exactly. In 2018, platforms

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like CBS All Access were desperately trying to

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build their subscriber bases to compete with

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Netflix. They were pumping out an ocean of content.

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Just throwing things at the wall to see what

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sticks. Yeah. So even with a stellar cast, a

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unique premise and critical intrigue, a tightly

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wound 10 episode experiment can simply vanish

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in the sheer volume of television being produced.

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If you don't make an immediate massive cultural

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splash, the algorithm simply moves on. It has

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no loyalty. Just like the dollar bill. Oh, that's

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a good point. It doesn't have the patience to

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let an audience slowly discover a slow burn Pittsburgh

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mystery over three seasons. There was no runway.

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In the peak TV era, critical patients doesn't

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pay the server bills. So what does this all mean?

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That brings us to the autopsy of the show. Let's

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cut it open. If the premise was cool, the setting

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was hyper -authentic, and the cast of character

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actors was incredible, what actually went wrong?

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Why didn't it work? Yeah, why didn't it make

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that massive splash? Let's look at the critical

00:12:30.379 --> 00:12:32.379
reception, because this is where the conversation

00:12:32.379 --> 00:12:35.000
around narrative experiments gets really divided.

00:12:35.100 --> 00:12:37.220
It's a fascinating study in what critics value

00:12:37.220 --> 00:12:40.460
more. The mechanics of a plot or the texture

00:12:40.460 --> 00:12:43.279
of a world. The reviews were generally positive.

00:12:43.500 --> 00:12:46.500
but deeply mixed on the actual execution. Like

00:12:46.500 --> 00:12:49.320
the data shows an 80 % on Rotten Tomatoes, but

00:12:49.320 --> 00:12:53.320
a 64 on Metacritic. So very split. Yeah. On one

00:12:53.320 --> 00:12:55.980
side, you have... critics like Robert Lloyd from

00:12:55.980 --> 00:12:58.519
the Los Angeles Times, he specifically pointed

00:12:58.519 --> 00:13:00.980
to the excellence of the acting and praised what

00:13:00.980 --> 00:13:03.740
he called the English naturalism of the production.

00:13:04.000 --> 00:13:07.059
Right. English naturalism is a crucial term to

00:13:07.059 --> 00:13:09.100
understand here. What does that actually mean

00:13:09.100 --> 00:13:11.399
in this context? Well, in television and film

00:13:11.399 --> 00:13:13.960
criticism, that usually refers to a style of

00:13:13.960 --> 00:13:16.919
filmmaking pioneered by British directors like,

00:13:16.919 --> 00:13:20.259
you know, Ken Loach or Mike Lee. OK. It is unglamorous,

00:13:20.600 --> 00:13:23.519
it's grounded, and intensely focused on the day

00:13:23.519 --> 00:13:26.480
-to -day realities of the working class. It doesn't

00:13:26.480 --> 00:13:28.779
shy away from ugly kitchens, worn out shoes,

00:13:29.220 --> 00:13:31.820
or awkward stilted conversations. It's not glossy.

00:13:32.080 --> 00:13:34.940
Not at all. Lloyd felt that this deep naturalistic

00:13:34.940 --> 00:13:36.860
commitment balanced out the show's narrative

00:13:36.860 --> 00:13:38.820
flaws. Because he did admit there were flaws.

00:13:38.980 --> 00:13:41.679
Sure. He noted that the show occasionally sacrificed

00:13:41.679 --> 00:13:44.399
logical sense for the sake of drama, and that

00:13:44.399 --> 00:13:46.720
the characters' actions were sometimes improbable.

00:13:47.039 --> 00:13:49.279
But he felt the writing gave the actors such

00:13:49.279 --> 00:13:52.460
rich, naturalistic material that it was worse

00:13:52.460 --> 00:13:55.019
the ride. He valued the journey over the logic.

00:13:55.139 --> 00:13:57.679
Right. And that sentiment was echoed by Liam

00:13:57.679 --> 00:14:00.879
Matthews over at TV Guide, who absolutely loved

00:14:00.879 --> 00:14:03.230
the world building. Matthews pointed out that

00:14:03.230 --> 00:14:05.590
the writers seemed much more interested in the

00:14:05.590 --> 00:14:08.490
small, seemingly irrelevant vignettes that built

00:14:08.490 --> 00:14:11.190
out the town than they were in the central murder

00:14:11.190 --> 00:14:13.970
mystery itself. Yeah. He argued that those smaller

00:14:13.970 --> 00:14:17.090
side stories gave the show an indie movie -like

00:14:17.090 --> 00:14:19.950
texture about people just trying to survive the

00:14:19.950 --> 00:14:22.370
American economy. Exactly. But then we have the

00:14:22.370 --> 00:14:24.309
other side of the critical coin. The less forgiving

00:14:24.309 --> 00:14:27.220
side. Much less forgiving. Tim Goodman from The

00:14:27.220 --> 00:14:29.500
Hollywood Reporter offered a pretty scathing

00:14:29.500 --> 00:14:31.919
take on those exact same elements. He really

00:14:31.919 --> 00:14:34.399
did not like it. He argued there just wasn't

00:14:34.399 --> 00:14:37.019
enough good writing or logical motivation to

00:14:37.019 --> 00:14:39.279
follow these characters from week to week. He

00:14:39.279 --> 00:14:42.019
called the characters intentionally half -baked

00:14:42.019 --> 00:14:44.799
and said their supposed indie movie quirks were

00:14:44.799 --> 00:14:48.059
just masking a lack of actual depth. Ouch. Yeah.

00:14:48.659 --> 00:14:51.059
And his most damning line of the entire review

00:14:51.059 --> 00:14:54.909
was, quote, Smart people eventually do exceptionally

00:14:54.909 --> 00:14:58.230
dumb things. Which is the absolute death knell

00:14:58.230 --> 00:15:00.429
for a procedural mystery. It really takes you

00:15:00.429 --> 00:15:03.049
out of the story. It does. If the audience stops

00:15:03.049 --> 00:15:05.289
believing the choices the characters are making,

00:15:05.730 --> 00:15:08.389
the tension completely evaporates. For Goodman,

00:15:08.929 --> 00:15:11.570
the sacrifice of logic that the LA Times forgave

00:15:11.570 --> 00:15:14.350
was an absolute deal breaker. And it gets worse.

00:15:14.549 --> 00:15:17.250
Even TV Guide, the same publication that praised

00:15:17.250 --> 00:15:19.590
those indie movie vignettes, actually called

00:15:19.590 --> 00:15:22.129
the core connecting concept of passing the currency

00:15:22.129 --> 00:15:25.110
an unnecessary gimmick. Wow. They loved the result,

00:15:25.169 --> 00:15:27.129
but hated the tool. Right. And here's where it

00:15:27.129 --> 00:15:29.730
gets really interesting. I want to passionately

00:15:29.730 --> 00:15:32.129
challenge that specific critique. I'm listening.

00:15:32.450 --> 00:15:34.909
Break it down. If the critics, even the ones

00:15:34.909 --> 00:15:37.049
who gave the show mixed or negative reviews,

00:15:37.970 --> 00:15:40.710
almost universally agree that the side stories

00:15:40.990 --> 00:15:43.269
the margins of the town, and the indie movie

00:15:43.269 --> 00:15:45.289
vignettes were the absolute best part of the

00:15:45.289 --> 00:15:47.990
show. Doesn't that inherently prove the dollar

00:15:47.990 --> 00:15:51.110
bill gimmick actually worked? My argument is

00:15:51.110 --> 00:15:55.129
this. Without that specific gimmick, forcing

00:15:55.129 --> 00:15:57.389
the writers to follow the money into the cheap

00:15:57.389 --> 00:16:00.129
cash registers, the dive bars, and the wealthy

00:16:00.129 --> 00:16:03.049
estates, we would never have seen those fascinating

00:16:03.049 --> 00:16:05.149
margins of the town. That's a really fair point.

00:16:05.279 --> 00:16:08.200
The gimmick is the only reason those highly praised

00:16:08.200 --> 00:16:10.600
vignettes exist in the first place. You're defending

00:16:10.600 --> 00:16:12.480
the structural integrity of the vehicle over

00:16:12.480 --> 00:16:16.120
the destination. I am. You can't praise the beautiful

00:16:16.120 --> 00:16:18.259
scenic overlooks on a road trip and then turn

00:16:18.259 --> 00:16:20.220
around and call the car that drove you there

00:16:20.220 --> 00:16:22.700
an unnecessary gimmick. Well, when you put it

00:16:22.700 --> 00:16:25.309
like that... If they just follow the detective,

00:16:25.470 --> 00:16:28.029
we would have had another generic flat procedural.

00:16:28.169 --> 00:16:31.090
We never would have seen the waitress or the

00:16:31.090 --> 00:16:33.629
real estate guy's kid. This raises an important

00:16:33.629 --> 00:16:37.590
question about how we as an audience judge narrative

00:16:37.590 --> 00:16:41.690
tools. Was the dollar bill a gimmick? Technically,

00:16:41.950 --> 00:16:44.450
yes. A gimmick is just a device used to attract

00:16:44.450 --> 00:16:47.340
attention or alter a traditional structure. But

00:16:47.340 --> 00:16:49.899
a gimmick isn't inherently bad if it serves a

00:16:49.899 --> 00:16:52.139
larger thematic purpose. Right. It had a job

00:16:52.139 --> 00:16:54.559
to do. And the dollar bill in this show was a

00:16:54.559 --> 00:16:57.679
vehicle for forced empathy. Forced empathy. I

00:16:57.679 --> 00:16:59.419
love that phrasing. That's really what it was

00:16:59.419 --> 00:17:02.440
doing. It forced the audience to sit down and

00:17:02.440 --> 00:17:04.680
spend an hour with a struggling single father.

00:17:04.859 --> 00:17:07.440
like Garrett Dremmer, and then abruptly shift

00:17:07.440 --> 00:17:09.980
entirely to spend an hour with a wealthy heir

00:17:09.980 --> 00:17:12.019
like Chelsea Weiler. It makes you live in their

00:17:12.019 --> 00:17:16.019
shoes. Yes. Even if the central murder mystery

00:17:16.019 --> 00:17:19.299
like the actual whodunit aspect of the plot failed

00:17:19.299 --> 00:17:21.339
for some critics because characters made illogical

00:17:21.339 --> 00:17:23.720
choices, the structural experiment succeeded

00:17:23.720 --> 00:17:26.039
in doing exactly what it set out to do. It mapped

00:17:26.039 --> 00:17:29.420
the town. It painted a comprehensive, multifaceted

00:17:29.420 --> 00:17:32.619
picture of a deeply divided ecosystem. The murder

00:17:32.619 --> 00:17:34.990
was just the shiny object. they used to trick

00:17:34.990 --> 00:17:37.589
us into looking at the map. Precisely. It was

00:17:37.589 --> 00:17:39.750
a tool for forced exploration of the American

00:17:39.750 --> 00:17:42.549
class divide. So as we wrap up this journey into

00:17:42.549 --> 00:17:45.009
the post -recession rest belt, let's recap what

00:17:45.009 --> 00:17:47.230
we've actually uncovered. It's been a ride. It

00:17:47.230 --> 00:17:51.029
has. $1 was a fascinating casualty of the peak

00:17:51.029 --> 00:17:54.650
TV era. It was a show that dared to try a highly

00:17:54.650 --> 00:17:58.049
specific geographic and structural experiment

00:17:58.049 --> 00:18:01.119
that justified the algorithm. completely ignored

00:18:01.119 --> 00:18:03.619
the safe route. Yeah. It committed completely

00:18:03.619 --> 00:18:06.039
to the gray skies of Pittsburgh, the working

00:18:06.039 --> 00:18:08.960
-class Yinser accent, and a rotating cast of

00:18:08.960 --> 00:18:11.799
incredible character actors, all tied together

00:18:11.799 --> 00:18:14.119
by a single piece of currency passing from hand

00:18:14.119 --> 00:18:16.539
to hand. It was an incredibly ambitious swing.

00:18:16.829 --> 00:18:19.089
And perhaps it didn't perfectly nail the landing

00:18:19.089 --> 00:18:21.849
of its central murder mystery, but it overwhelmingly

00:18:21.849 --> 00:18:24.750
succeeded in its sociological ambitions. And

00:18:24.750 --> 00:18:27.089
just a quick nod to the past before we go, there

00:18:27.089 --> 00:18:29.670
is a really fun piece of trivia surrounding this

00:18:29.670 --> 00:18:31.750
concept from the source material. Oh, right.

00:18:31.869 --> 00:18:34.150
This isn't actually the first time this specific

00:18:34.150 --> 00:18:36.529
structural experiment was tried on screen. Not

00:18:36.529 --> 00:18:38.789
at all. Back in 1993, there was a film called

00:18:38.789 --> 00:18:41.549
20 Bucks, which used a very similar premise,

00:18:42.049 --> 00:18:44.430
tracking a $20 bill as it moved from person to

00:18:44.430 --> 00:18:47.099
person. though it was executed in a much more

00:18:47.099 --> 00:18:50.019
comical, lighthearted way. Yeah, a bit different

00:18:50.019 --> 00:18:53.420
tonally. So the idea of literally following the

00:18:53.420 --> 00:18:55.720
money has always been a tempting narrative device

00:18:55.720 --> 00:18:57.900
for writers wanting to capture a cross -section

00:18:57.900 --> 00:19:00.519
of society. And it remains a potent one today.

00:19:00.730 --> 00:19:03.450
Largely because physical money touches every

00:19:03.450 --> 00:19:06.190
single part of our lives, often in ways we prefer

00:19:06.190 --> 00:19:09.789
to keep hidden. So true. Which leaves us with

00:19:09.789 --> 00:19:13.049
the final thought to mull over. I asked you earlier

00:19:13.049 --> 00:19:14.849
to think about the physical cash you might have

00:19:14.849 --> 00:19:16.789
in your wallet right now. Yeah, that visual.

00:19:17.069 --> 00:19:19.869
If that object, that five or ten or twenty dollar

00:19:19.869 --> 00:19:23.900
bill, could suddenly project a hologram. instantly

00:19:23.900 --> 00:19:27.180
broadcasting a highly detailed, traumatic vignette

00:19:27.180 --> 00:19:29.859
of the last 10 people who held it. Their deepest

00:19:29.859 --> 00:19:32.220
secrets, their quietest economic struggles, their

00:19:32.220 --> 00:19:34.839
hidden cultural divides. Would you actually want

00:19:34.839 --> 00:19:38.000
to sit down and watch that show? Or are we better

00:19:38.000 --> 00:19:39.759
off letting some of those secrets stay quietly

00:19:39.759 --> 00:19:42.079
in circulation? That is a genuinely haunting

00:19:42.079 --> 00:19:44.339
thought to end on. I'm not sure I'd want to know.

00:19:45.369 --> 00:19:47.990
Thank you for joining us on this deep dive. Keep

00:19:47.990 --> 00:19:50.029
questioning the stories behind the everyday objects

00:19:50.029 --> 00:19:52.450
around you because you really never know where

00:19:52.450 --> 00:19:52.970
they've been.
