WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.379 Welcome back. Hello. To you, the learner. We 00:00:02.379 --> 00:00:04.639 are so glad you're here with us for this custom 00:00:04.639 --> 00:00:07.620 tailored deep dive. Yes, absolutely. Today we 00:00:07.620 --> 00:00:11.140 are we're dissecting a really comprehensive Wikipedia 00:00:11.140 --> 00:00:13.599 article that chronicles the complete trajectory 00:00:13.599 --> 00:00:17.179 of the Royal Air Force. The RAF. Right, the RAF. 00:00:17.379 --> 00:00:20.750 Now. If you track military aviation, you probably 00:00:20.750 --> 00:00:22.350 already know their legacy. Your mind probably 00:00:22.350 --> 00:00:25.070 goes straight to the Battle of Britain, maybe 00:00:25.070 --> 00:00:27.910 the iconic silhouette of a Spitfire. Or the precision 00:00:27.910 --> 00:00:30.910 flying of the Red Arrows. Exactly. But the reality 00:00:30.910 --> 00:00:33.310 of the modern force is vastly different from 00:00:33.310 --> 00:00:35.789 that historical perception. It really is. Today's 00:00:35.789 --> 00:00:38.469 RAF is actively fighting drone wars. They're 00:00:38.469 --> 00:00:41.170 standing up a dedicated space command. And as 00:00:41.170 --> 00:00:44.369 of a major announcement in 2025, they are returning 00:00:44.369 --> 00:00:46.729 to the nuclear strike business. After a decades 00:00:46.729 --> 00:00:49.670 long hiatus. which is a profound evolution. I 00:00:49.670 --> 00:00:51.630 think the most effective way to frame our discussion 00:00:51.630 --> 00:00:54.490 today is to view this not merely as a timeline 00:00:54.490 --> 00:00:57.969 of aircraft, but, well, as a study of how a nation 00:00:57.969 --> 00:01:00.570 projects power. Power and influence, yeah. Right. 00:01:00.869 --> 00:01:03.950 We're looking at how a legacy military institution 00:01:03.950 --> 00:01:07.450 adapts to an ever -changing geopolitical landscape. 00:01:08.200 --> 00:01:11.200 When the tech changes or the adversary evolves 00:01:11.200 --> 00:01:14.379 an organization of this size has to radically 00:01:14.379 --> 00:01:17.719 reinvent itself or risk immediate obsolescence 00:01:17.719 --> 00:01:21.200 Okay, let's unpack this To understand why the 00:01:21.200 --> 00:01:23.420 RAF is leaning so headily into next -generation 00:01:23.420 --> 00:01:26.420 tech today, we actually have to look at the philosophy 00:01:26.420 --> 00:01:28.700 that established it in the first place. Yordens. 00:01:29.019 --> 00:01:32.079 Yeah. April 1st, 1918. The Royal Flying Corps 00:01:32.079 --> 00:01:34.379 and the Royal Naval Air Service are merged. Right 00:01:34.379 --> 00:01:36.159 in the middle of the First World War. Exactly. 00:01:36.599 --> 00:01:38.599 Now, here is a surprising fact from the source 00:01:38.599 --> 00:01:41.079 material. You might assume this merger created 00:01:41.079 --> 00:01:43.719 the world's first independent Air Force. It's 00:01:43.719 --> 00:01:45.819 a common misconception. It is. But the Finnish 00:01:45.819 --> 00:01:47.959 Air Force actually beat them to the punch by 00:01:47.959 --> 00:01:51.500 a few weeks. March 1918. Yeah, Finland got there 00:01:51.500 --> 00:01:54.040 first. That's a brilliant piece of trivia. But 00:01:54.040 --> 00:01:56.900 the sheer scale of the RAF's creation is what 00:01:56.900 --> 00:01:59.739 reshaped modern warfare. The merger was heavily 00:01:59.739 --> 00:02:02.159 driven by the Smuts report. Jan Smuts, the South 00:02:02.159 --> 00:02:06.480 African statesman. That's the one. In 1917, Smuts 00:02:06.480 --> 00:02:09.569 recognized something highly progressive. He saw 00:02:09.569 --> 00:02:11.729 that air power could no longer just be treated 00:02:11.729 --> 00:02:14.550 as an auxiliary thing for the Army or the Navy. 00:02:14.550 --> 00:02:17.169 It needed its own strategic vision. Exactly. 00:02:17.789 --> 00:02:20.389 The sky was a completely new domain of conflict. 00:02:20.719 --> 00:02:23.379 And following the Allied victory in World War 00:02:23.379 --> 00:02:27.120 I, the newly formed RAF emerged as the largest 00:02:27.120 --> 00:02:29.379 Air Force in the world. The absolute biggest. 00:02:29.539 --> 00:02:32.180 And that institutional experience was basically 00:02:32.180 --> 00:02:34.680 the only thing standing between the UK and a 00:02:34.680 --> 00:02:37.159 land invasion two decades later. World War II. 00:02:37.319 --> 00:02:39.280 Right, during the Battle of Britain in 1940. 00:02:39.800 --> 00:02:42.300 You have the RAF acting as the ultimate defensive 00:02:42.300 --> 00:02:44.939 shield against the German Luftwaffe. A numerically 00:02:44.939 --> 00:02:47.020 superior Luftwaffe, I might add. Oh, massively 00:02:47.020 --> 00:02:49.620 superior. But the RAF pushed their doctrine to 00:02:49.620 --> 00:02:52.340 the absolute breaking point. They relied on radar 00:02:52.340 --> 00:02:54.580 networks and the sheer endurance of those fighter 00:02:54.580 --> 00:02:57.780 pilots in Spitfires and Hurricanes. To deny Germany 00:02:57.780 --> 00:03:00.180 the air superiority they needed for an invasion. 00:03:00.620 --> 00:03:02.699 The strategic importance of that air campaign 00:03:02.699 --> 00:03:05.379 is unparalleled. It was a war of attrition fought 00:03:05.379 --> 00:03:07.800 in the skies. Total exhaustion. Total exhaustion. 00:03:08.139 --> 00:03:10.879 High attrition rates. But the tactical brilliance 00:03:10.879 --> 00:03:12.939 of those squadrons prompted Winston Churchill 00:03:12.939 --> 00:03:17.159 to make his famous address in August 1940. Ah, 00:03:17.379 --> 00:03:20.360 the few. Yes, he distilled it into that famous 00:03:20.360 --> 00:03:23.080 line, never in the field of human conflict was 00:03:23.080 --> 00:03:26.240 so much owed by so many to so few. It gives you 00:03:26.240 --> 00:03:28.539 chills. It does. It shows how a specialized group 00:03:28.539 --> 00:03:30.939 of aviators can alter the geopolitical trajectory 00:03:30.939 --> 00:03:33.699 of a war. But the strategy wasn't purely defensive, 00:03:33.840 --> 00:03:35.400 right? This is where we get into bomber command. 00:03:35.520 --> 00:03:37.400 The strategic bombing campaign. Right. Against 00:03:37.400 --> 00:03:39.639 Germany. You look at the heavy bombers, mostly 00:03:39.639 --> 00:03:42.719 the Avro Lancaster, and you see this distinct 00:03:42.719 --> 00:03:45.699 split in tactics. Precision versus area bombing. 00:03:45.979 --> 00:03:48.740 Exactly. On one side, you have highly specialized 00:03:48.740 --> 00:03:51.180 precision tactics, the most famous being the 00:03:51.180 --> 00:03:54.180 Dam Busters raid. Number 617 Squadron. Yep. Using 00:03:54.180 --> 00:03:56.740 those bouncing bombs. to cripple German infrastructure? 00:03:56.919 --> 00:04:00.099 Incredible technical achievement. But simultaneously, 00:04:00.219 --> 00:04:02.599 the RAF was conducting devastating nighttime 00:04:02.599 --> 00:04:05.099 area bombing of cities like Hamburg and Dresden. 00:04:05.300 --> 00:04:08.039 It was an uncompromising total war doctrine. 00:04:08.780 --> 00:04:11.000 The calculus of area bombing was designed to 00:04:11.000 --> 00:04:13.860 dismantle German industrial capacity and break 00:04:13.860 --> 00:04:16.519 civilian morale. It remains a heavily scrutinized 00:04:16.519 --> 00:04:19.500 campaign even today. It does. It highlights a 00:04:19.500 --> 00:04:22.040 complex era where the sheer destructiveness of 00:04:22.040 --> 00:04:24.560 the technology outpaced precision targeting. 00:04:24.720 --> 00:04:27.879 But as World War II ended, the existential threat 00:04:27.879 --> 00:04:30.980 shifted. Instantly. From fascism in Europe to 00:04:30.980 --> 00:04:34.079 the ideological divide of the Cold War. And right 00:04:34.079 --> 00:04:37.060 as that transition happens, the historical record 00:04:37.060 --> 00:04:40.209 throws us an incredible aha moment. The 1948 00:04:40.209 --> 00:04:43.730 Arab -Israeli War. Yes. In 1948, the RAF actually 00:04:43.730 --> 00:04:46.269 engaged in combat against both Egyptian and Israeli 00:04:46.269 --> 00:04:48.529 forces. At the same time. At the same time, they 00:04:48.529 --> 00:04:51.050 lost aircraft to both sides. It just illustrates 00:04:51.050 --> 00:04:54.230 how chaotic the end of the British Empire was. 00:04:54.430 --> 00:04:56.889 It was an incredibly volatile period. But the 00:04:56.889 --> 00:04:59.370 cornerstone of their Cold War role wasn't just 00:04:59.370 --> 00:05:01.649 managing the twilight of the empire. It was the 00:05:01.649 --> 00:05:04.329 nuclear deterrent. The ultimate strategic responsibility. 00:05:04.529 --> 00:05:07.110 Right. Initially, the RAF held Britain's strategic 00:05:07.110 --> 00:05:09.470 nuclear deterrent via the V bomber fleet. They 00:05:09.470 --> 00:05:11.829 were the primary delivery mechanism. Armed with 00:05:11.829 --> 00:05:15.350 British nuclear gravity bombs. Exactly. But maintaining 00:05:15.350 --> 00:05:17.569 that strategic posture from a static airfield 00:05:17.569 --> 00:05:20.689 becomes vulnerable as enemy technology advances. 00:05:21.050 --> 00:05:24.389 Which is why, in 1969, the strategic role was 00:05:24.389 --> 00:05:27.310 handed over to the Royal Navy's submarines. Submarines 00:05:27.310 --> 00:05:29.750 offered survivability that an airbase simply 00:05:29.750 --> 00:05:32.449 couldn't. That is a crucial shift. Yeah. The 00:05:32.449 --> 00:05:34.709 RAF did maintain a tactical nuclear role, though. 00:05:34.870 --> 00:05:38.689 Right, using the WB .177 gravity bombs on their 00:05:38.689 --> 00:05:41.329 Tornado Strike aircraft. And they kept that role 00:05:41.329 --> 00:05:44.540 right up until 1998. They did. But even as they 00:05:44.540 --> 00:05:47.360 handed over the strategic nuclear umbrella, their 00:05:47.360 --> 00:05:49.579 conventional operations never stopped. They were 00:05:49.579 --> 00:05:53.759 busy. Very. The Berlin Airlift in 1948. The Malian 00:05:53.759 --> 00:05:56.379 Emergency? The Suez Crisis? Now, here's where 00:05:56.379 --> 00:05:58.240 it gets really interesting. Let's talk about 00:05:58.240 --> 00:06:01.120 the Falklands War in 1982. A master class in 00:06:01.120 --> 00:06:03.420 logistics. It completely redefines their capabilities. 00:06:03.560 --> 00:06:05.620 They had to operate out of Ascension Island in 00:06:05.620 --> 00:06:07.759 the Mid -Atlantic. Flying the longest combat 00:06:07.759 --> 00:06:09.699 missions in history up to that point. And the 00:06:09.699 --> 00:06:12.000 integration with the Royal Navy was unprecedented. 00:06:12.300 --> 00:06:15.300 You even had RAF pilots cross -trained flying 00:06:15.300 --> 00:06:18.379 Royal Navy Sea Harriers. Off the decks of aircraft 00:06:18.379 --> 00:06:21.000 carriers. Right. In fact, the highest scoring 00:06:21.000 --> 00:06:24.000 pilot of the entire Falklands war was an RAF 00:06:24.000 --> 00:06:27.220 pilot, Dave Morgan. The Falklands exposed the 00:06:27.220 --> 00:06:29.879 absolute necessity for long range logistics and 00:06:29.879 --> 00:06:32.379 air to air refueling. And that proved vital when 00:06:32.379 --> 00:06:34.399 the Cold War ended. Because the Soviet Union 00:06:34.399 --> 00:06:37.990 collapsed. Exactly. The anticipation of a massive 00:06:37.990 --> 00:06:41.610 land war in Europe just evaporated. The RAF's 00:06:41.610 --> 00:06:44.829 focus had to shift entirely to expeditionary 00:06:44.829 --> 00:06:47.610 operations. Rapidly deploying combat power anywhere 00:06:47.610 --> 00:06:50.009 on the globe. And we see the results of that 00:06:50.009 --> 00:06:53.329 post -Cold War shift immediately. The Gulf War. 00:06:53.610 --> 00:06:57.649 Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya. And Operation 00:06:57.649 --> 00:07:00.529 Shader. the fight against ISIS. The stress of 00:07:00.529 --> 00:07:02.589 constant overseas deployment over those decades 00:07:02.589 --> 00:07:04.589 is just staggering. The wear and tear on the 00:07:04.589 --> 00:07:07.230 fleet and the personnel was immense. But we also 00:07:07.230 --> 00:07:09.529 have to recognize their non -combat roles. The 00:07:09.529 --> 00:07:11.750 humanitarian and peacetime operations. Right. 00:07:12.089 --> 00:07:13.990 The logistical infrastructure needed to drop 00:07:13.990 --> 00:07:16.329 a bomb is the same infrastructure used for a 00:07:16.329 --> 00:07:18.769 rapid airlift. Like Operation Pitting in 2021. 00:07:19.170 --> 00:07:21.970 The Afghan evacuation. Exactly. They airlifted 00:07:21.970 --> 00:07:24.930 15 ,000 people out of Kabul in just two weeks. 00:07:25.240 --> 00:07:29.079 Then there was the 2023 Sudan evacuation and 00:07:29.079 --> 00:07:32.000 all those COVID -19 relief flights. Transporting 00:07:32.000 --> 00:07:34.279 patients and vaccines domestically. Domestically, 00:07:34.459 --> 00:07:36.660 yeah. Speaking of domestic roles, there was a 00:07:36.660 --> 00:07:39.920 big shift in 2015 regarding the famous UK search 00:07:39.920 --> 00:07:42.920 and rescue helicopter service. The yellow helicopters. 00:07:43.040 --> 00:07:45.800 Right. The RAF fully privatized that service, 00:07:46.100 --> 00:07:48.500 handing it over to civilian contractors. A clear 00:07:48.500 --> 00:07:50.560 move to streamline the budget and focus strictly 00:07:50.560 --> 00:07:53.410 on defense. And speaking of domestic defense, 00:07:53.790 --> 00:07:55.750 we need to discuss a significant incident from 00:07:55.750 --> 00:07:59.569 June 2025. Yes, the incident at RAF Bries -Norton. 00:07:59.889 --> 00:08:01.910 We need to cover this strictly by the facts reported 00:08:01.910 --> 00:08:03.930 in the source material. Absolute impartiality 00:08:03.930 --> 00:08:06.350 is required here, yes. The facts are these. In 00:08:06.350 --> 00:08:10.129 June 2025, pro -Palestinian activists broke into 00:08:10.129 --> 00:08:12.769 the RAF Bries -Norton base. The service's primary 00:08:12.769 --> 00:08:15.930 transport hub. Correct. Once inside, they vandalized 00:08:15.930 --> 00:08:18.699 military aircraft. This infiltration was immediately 00:08:18.699 --> 00:08:21.079 deemed a national security risk. Following the 00:08:21.079 --> 00:08:23.620 event, the group claiming responsibility, Palestine 00:08:23.620 --> 00:08:26.259 Action, was prescribed as a terrorist organization 00:08:26.259 --> 00:08:29.199 by the UK government. And as a direct consequence 00:08:29.199 --> 00:08:31.519 of that breach, the Ministry of Defense launched 00:08:31.519 --> 00:08:34.519 a massive security review of all military bases 00:08:34.519 --> 00:08:37.059 across the UK. What's fascinating here is how 00:08:37.059 --> 00:08:40.580 the RAF is managing these physical on the ground 00:08:40.580 --> 00:08:44.200 security challenges while simultaneously executing 00:08:44.200 --> 00:08:47.440 a massive technological transformation. The 2025 00:08:47.440 --> 00:08:51.100 and 2026 hardware revolution. The entire fleet 00:08:51.100 --> 00:08:53.679 architecture is being overhauled right now. OK, 00:08:53.700 --> 00:08:55.990 let's talk about the biggest news first. The 00:08:55.990 --> 00:08:58.889 return of the nuclear mission. A massive policy 00:08:58.889 --> 00:09:01.250 reversal. Huge. Remember, they gave up the tactical 00:09:01.250 --> 00:09:04.990 nuclear role in 1998. But at the 2025 NATO summit, 00:09:05.269 --> 00:09:07.309 Prime Minister Keir Starmer announced the acquisition 00:09:07.309 --> 00:09:10.750 of 12 nuclear -capable F -35A Lightning stealth 00:09:10.750 --> 00:09:13.230 fighters by 2030. Returning a nuclear role to 00:09:13.230 --> 00:09:15.769 the RAF for the first time in 27 years. It's 00:09:15.769 --> 00:09:18.519 a massive shift. But alongside those manned stealth 00:09:18.519 --> 00:09:20.740 fighters, we have the drone fleet. The shift 00:09:20.740 --> 00:09:23.159 toward uncrewed aircraft is accelerating. The 00:09:23.159 --> 00:09:25.679 old Reapers are gone. Replaced by the new General 00:09:25.679 --> 00:09:28.899 Atomics Protector RG -1 drones. Right, they officially 00:09:28.899 --> 00:09:33.259 entered service in mid 2025. And this is a huge 00:09:33.259 --> 00:09:36.600 leap. The Protector can fly in unsegregated civilian 00:09:36.600 --> 00:09:39.179 airspace and he'd stay on station for nearly 00:09:39.179 --> 00:09:42.110 two days. 40 hours of flight time without needing 00:09:42.110 --> 00:09:44.830 a pilot to sleep or eat. It alters the entire 00:09:44.830 --> 00:09:47.269 landscape of surveillance and strike capabilities. 00:09:47.789 --> 00:09:49.870 And shifting gears to helicopters, we have the 00:09:49.870 --> 00:09:53.590 absolute latest news from our March 2026 update. 00:09:53.950 --> 00:09:57.990 The rotary wing shakeup. Yes. The legacy Puma 00:09:57.990 --> 00:10:00.789 helicopters, which were incredibly old, were 00:10:00.789 --> 00:10:03.490 finally retired with a farewell fly past in March 00:10:03.490 --> 00:10:06.850 2025. Right. And then exactly a year later, on 00:10:06.850 --> 00:10:10.450 March 2, 2026, the Ministry of Defense officially 00:10:10.450 --> 00:10:12.850 selected their replacement under the new medium 00:10:12.850 --> 00:10:16.389 helicopter program. The Leonardo AW149. That's 00:10:16.389 --> 00:10:19.210 the one. It fills a critical capability gap with 00:10:19.210 --> 00:10:21.570 open architecture digital systems. Which allows 00:10:21.570 --> 00:10:23.740 it to network with all these other modern assets 00:10:23.740 --> 00:10:25.820 on the battlefield. Exactly. And speaking of 00:10:25.820 --> 00:10:27.559 the conventional fleet, we should briefly touch 00:10:27.559 --> 00:10:30.259 on the Typhoon FGR -4s. The backbone of their 00:10:30.259 --> 00:10:32.480 combat capability. They are. We saw them shooting 00:10:32.480 --> 00:10:35.500 down Iranian drones in 2024. Very effectively. 00:10:35.720 --> 00:10:38.779 You've also got the Poseidon MRA -1 for submarine 00:10:38.779 --> 00:10:41.059 hunting. Plugging a major vulnerability there. 00:10:41.179 --> 00:10:44.000 Definitely. Though it is worth noting that the 00:10:44.000 --> 00:10:46.860 Wedgetail early warning aircraft has faced significant 00:10:46.860 --> 00:10:50.879 delays. It is now expected later in 2026. Procurement 00:10:50.879 --> 00:10:53.529 delays are always a friction point. But even 00:10:53.529 --> 00:10:55.990 with all this focus on fifth -generation stealth 00:10:55.990 --> 00:10:59.509 and digital drones, the RAF is still deeply angered 00:10:59.509 --> 00:11:02.169 by its culture. Oh, the culture is so distinct. 00:11:02.590 --> 00:11:05.570 And quite quirky, honestly. Why does an Air Force 00:11:05.570 --> 00:11:08.629 use naval ranks? Like wing commander or group 00:11:08.629 --> 00:11:11.230 captain. Right. It seems totally counterintuitive. 00:11:11.429 --> 00:11:13.429 It was a deliberate political choice back in 00:11:13.429 --> 00:11:16.110 1918. When they merged the military and naval 00:11:16.110 --> 00:11:18.129 aviation branches, they were worried the army 00:11:18.129 --> 00:11:20.629 would just dominate the new force. Ah, so they 00:11:20.629 --> 00:11:23.029 used naval sounding ranks to create a cultural 00:11:23.029 --> 00:11:25.759 buffer. Exactly. to emphasize they were a co 00:11:25.759 --> 00:11:27.799 -equal service. That makes perfect sense. And 00:11:27.799 --> 00:11:30.700 that desire for a distinct identity also explains 00:11:30.700 --> 00:11:33.519 their symbols, like the iconic concentric ring 00:11:33.519 --> 00:11:35.679 roundel. The red, white, and blue circles on 00:11:35.679 --> 00:11:38.419 the wings. Right. They adapted that from the 00:11:38.419 --> 00:11:41.740 French during WWI to avoid friendly fire, because 00:11:41.740 --> 00:11:44.240 the original Union Jack markings looked too much 00:11:44.240 --> 00:11:46.980 like the German Iron Cross from a distance. A 00:11:46.980 --> 00:11:49.679 very practical change that became globally recognized. 00:11:49.870 --> 00:11:53.029 Just like their motto. Per ardua ad estra. Through 00:11:53.029 --> 00:11:55.870 struggle to the stars. It's beautiful and they 00:11:55.870 --> 00:11:58.610 display that ceremonial pride so well. The red 00:11:58.610 --> 00:12:01.610 arrows for instance. Flying the BAE Hawk in that 00:12:01.610 --> 00:12:04.529 trademark diamond nine formation. Unmistakable. 00:12:04.649 --> 00:12:06.690 You also have the Battle of Britain memorial 00:12:06.690 --> 00:12:08.789 flight keeping the history alive. And the King's 00:12:08.789 --> 00:12:11.200 Color Squadron. This is unique. They actually 00:12:11.200 --> 00:12:13.720 guard Buckingham Palace in place of the Army. 00:12:14.139 --> 00:12:16.679 A profound display of institutional parity. Definitely. 00:12:16.840 --> 00:12:19.379 If we connect this to the bigger picture, everything 00:12:19.379 --> 00:12:21.360 we've looked at today, the origins, the Cold 00:12:21.360 --> 00:12:24.220 War operations, the expeditionary shift, and 00:12:24.220 --> 00:12:29.019 this massive 2025 -2026 tech overhaul, it shows 00:12:29.019 --> 00:12:31.740 that military institutions must constantly reinvent 00:12:31.740 --> 00:12:34.799 themselves. To survive. Yes. From biplanes to 00:12:34.799 --> 00:12:38.179 F -35 stealth fighters. And from domestic defense 00:12:38.179 --> 00:12:42.039 to the newly established UK Space Command, it 00:12:42.039 --> 00:12:45.539 really is a living example of how rapidly technology 00:12:45.539 --> 00:12:49.200 and geopolitics change. So to you listening, 00:12:49.740 --> 00:12:52.639 why should you care? Because the world is shifting 00:12:52.639 --> 00:12:54.960 under our feet right now. The pace of technological 00:12:54.960 --> 00:12:57.320 change is unrelenting. So what does this all 00:12:57.320 --> 00:12:59.840 mean? It leaves us with a lingering question. 00:13:00.360 --> 00:13:03.039 We talked about Winston Churchill famously praising 00:13:03.039 --> 00:13:05.490 human pilots during the Battle of Britain. The 00:13:05.490 --> 00:13:08.330 few? Right. But as the RAF increasingly relies 00:13:08.330 --> 00:13:10.909 on the UK Space Command, remote -controlled protector 00:13:10.909 --> 00:13:14.389 drones, and AI data systems, who will the few 00:13:14.389 --> 00:13:16.909 be in the future? Will the heroes of tomorrow's 00:13:16.909 --> 00:13:19.289 conflicts be sitting in a cockpit? Or will they 00:13:19.289 --> 00:13:21.370 be sitting at a computer terminal miles away 00:13:21.370 --> 00:13:23.289 from the sky? It's something we invite you to 00:13:23.289 --> 00:13:25.610 mull over on your own. A completely new kind 00:13:25.610 --> 00:13:27.750 of pilot. Right. Thank you for joining us for 00:13:27.750 --> 00:13:29.750 this deep dive. We will see you next time.