WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.840 Okay, let's get into this. I want you to picture 00:00:01.840 --> 00:00:05.099 something for a second. You're holding a piece 00:00:05.099 --> 00:00:07.360 of rock. It's dark. It's from the Australian 00:00:07.360 --> 00:00:11.339 bush. And right there in the middle, there's 00:00:11.339 --> 00:00:17.140 this brilliant white shape of a leaf. It's an 00:00:17.140 --> 00:00:19.219 incredible image. And it's perfect. I mean, you 00:00:19.219 --> 00:00:21.059 can see every detail. It's been locked in that 00:00:21.059 --> 00:00:23.920 stone for about, what, 150 million years. And 00:00:23.920 --> 00:00:26.000 usually, you know, finding something that well 00:00:26.000 --> 00:00:27.820 -preserved is a win. You think, great, we know 00:00:27.820 --> 00:00:30.329 exactly what this is. Right. Case closed. We 00:00:30.329 --> 00:00:33.990 have the evidence. We have the photo. But this 00:00:33.990 --> 00:00:35.729 is where it starts to get really interesting. 00:00:36.409 --> 00:00:39.750 Because that rock, that perfect impression, it's 00:00:39.750 --> 00:00:41.590 a trap. It's a trap that paleontologists have 00:00:41.590 --> 00:00:44.850 been falling into for, well, over 100 years. 00:00:44.909 --> 00:00:46.450 Just because you have the body doesn't mean you 00:00:46.450 --> 00:00:48.649 know who the victim is. And that is the perfect 00:00:48.649 --> 00:00:50.609 setup for today's deep dive. We're looking at 00:00:50.609 --> 00:00:54.420 a botanical mystery. A species with a... I guess, 00:00:54.420 --> 00:00:56.420 a massive identity crisis. That's a good way 00:00:56.420 --> 00:00:58.659 to put it. It's a tree that's been dug up, named, 00:00:58.740 --> 00:01:01.060 then renamed, and then, well, questioned all 00:01:01.060 --> 00:01:03.479 over again. It can't seem to decide what it is. 00:01:03.939 --> 00:01:08.060 And it's such a fascinating window into how science 00:01:08.060 --> 00:01:11.459 actually works. You know, we think it's a straight 00:01:11.459 --> 00:01:14.319 line, but it's often a zigzag. We're looking 00:01:14.319 --> 00:01:16.859 at the records around a species called Agathys 00:01:16.859 --> 00:01:19.920 juraska. Or, depending on when your textbook 00:01:19.920 --> 00:01:22.840 was printed, Potosamites, Jurassic. I love that. 00:01:22.879 --> 00:01:25.280 We have to use air quotes around a tree's name. 00:01:25.439 --> 00:01:27.799 So our mission today is to figure out how this 00:01:27.799 --> 00:01:31.379 one plant can tell us about ancient clivates, 00:01:31.420 --> 00:01:34.319 volcanoes, and why just putting a label on something 00:01:34.319 --> 00:01:37.739 from the past is so tricky. Exactly. And to do 00:01:37.739 --> 00:01:40.870 that, we have to go back. Way back. Okay, so 00:01:40.870 --> 00:01:42.829 set the scene for us. Where are we? We're going 00:01:42.829 --> 00:01:45.430 to a place called the Talbergar Fishbeds. It's 00:01:45.430 --> 00:01:47.370 northwest of Sydney, Australia, out near the 00:01:47.370 --> 00:01:49.549 Talbergar River Valley. I think I know the area. 00:01:49.810 --> 00:01:52.049 I'm picturing, you know, dry Australian bush, 00:01:52.269 --> 00:01:54.989 lots of rocks, maybe forest hills nearby. It's 00:01:54.989 --> 00:01:58.189 very stark. Today, yes. But we need to wind the 00:01:58.189 --> 00:02:01.049 clock back to the early to middle Jurassic. We're 00:02:01.049 --> 00:02:03.250 talking the Tythonian age. Tythonian, okay. When 00:02:03.250 --> 00:02:06.170 is that, roughly? About 150 million years ago. 00:02:06.290 --> 00:02:08.550 And the world map looks totally different. Australia 00:02:08.550 --> 00:02:11.129 is still stuck to Gondwana, the supercontinent. 00:02:11.270 --> 00:02:14.569 And this area isn't dry bushland. It's sitting 00:02:14.569 --> 00:02:17.919 under the influence of the Tethys Sea. The Talbergar 00:02:17.919 --> 00:02:21.060 site itself was actually a large, shallow, freshwater 00:02:21.060 --> 00:02:23.439 lake. A lake. Okay, so forget the dust. We're 00:02:23.439 --> 00:02:25.780 picturing water. A lot of water and a lot of 00:02:25.780 --> 00:02:29.080 life. The sources describe lush, woody vegetation 00:02:29.080 --> 00:02:32.780 all around it. Essentially, a dense forest. We'd 00:02:32.780 --> 00:02:35.340 probably call it a cowry pine forest. That sounds 00:02:35.340 --> 00:02:38.810 nice. So a lake. Ancient pines. And it was teeming. 00:02:38.810 --> 00:02:41.710 It's called the fish beds for a reason. Huge 00:02:41.710 --> 00:02:44.889 fish populations, insects, and all this diverse 00:02:44.889 --> 00:02:48.289 flora along the shoreline. It was a warm, thriving 00:02:48.289 --> 00:02:50.189 world. And the atmosphere was different too, 00:02:50.250 --> 00:02:52.930 right? More CO2. Much more. And that high carbon 00:02:52.930 --> 00:02:55.469 dioxide level acted like a fertilizer, letting 00:02:55.469 --> 00:02:57.909 all that vegetation grow incredibly dense and 00:02:57.909 --> 00:03:00.909 fast. So we have this Jurassic paradise. Warm, 00:03:01.090 --> 00:03:05.129 lush, full of life. But... We're looking at fossils, 00:03:05.270 --> 00:03:07.530 and fossils usually mean something went very, 00:03:07.590 --> 00:03:09.789 very wrong. They do, and this is where the story 00:03:09.789 --> 00:03:11.610 takes a dark turn. The preservation there is 00:03:11.610 --> 00:03:14.050 amazing, thousands of specimens, but that's because 00:03:14.050 --> 00:03:16.110 of what the sources call a large -scale event. 00:03:16.310 --> 00:03:19.069 Which is science -speak for a disaster. A huge 00:03:19.069 --> 00:03:22.229 one. The evidence points to the lake being rapidly 00:03:22.229 --> 00:03:25.449 inundated with sediment. Volcanic ash, to be 00:03:25.449 --> 00:03:29.289 specific. Whoa. So, like a Pompeii, but for fish 00:03:29.289 --> 00:03:31.590 and trees. That's a very apt analogy. The ash 00:03:31.590 --> 00:03:34.050 came down fast, burying everything. The fish, 00:03:34.150 --> 00:03:36.090 the leaves, the branches, it all got trapped. 00:03:36.370 --> 00:03:38.030 And that's what preserved them so perfectly. 00:03:38.210 --> 00:03:40.530 Exactly. Because it was so fast, and because 00:03:40.530 --> 00:03:42.949 of the ash's chemistry, we get what are called 00:03:42.949 --> 00:03:45.430 salacious impressions. Salacious impressions. 00:03:45.710 --> 00:03:47.509 Break that down for me. Well, normally a leaf 00:03:47.509 --> 00:03:50.509 falls, it rots. But the ash sealed it all off 00:03:50.509 --> 00:03:53.870 from oxygen. So the organic matter decayed, but 00:03:53.870 --> 00:03:56.680 groundwater full of silica seeped in. Silica. 00:03:56.740 --> 00:03:59.919 Like in sand or glass. Basically, yeah. The silica 00:03:59.919 --> 00:04:02.020 filled in the space where the leaf was, leaving 00:04:02.020 --> 00:04:04.960 a perfect, stark white impression on the dark 00:04:04.960 --> 00:04:07.400 rock. It's almost like a photograph. It's haunting 00:04:07.400 --> 00:04:10.740 this vibrant green world and then, boom, ash. 00:04:11.280 --> 00:04:13.740 And everything is frozen in white. It is. But 00:04:13.740 --> 00:04:15.960 for scientists, it's a goldmine. It's a snapshot 00:04:15.960 --> 00:04:17.860 of exactly what was living there at that very 00:04:17.860 --> 00:04:19.620 moment. Which brings us to our mystery plant. 00:04:20.180 --> 00:04:23.699 The tree caught in the ash. Right. So let's jump 00:04:23.699 --> 00:04:27.300 forward in time. It's 1889. The Talbergar fish 00:04:27.300 --> 00:04:30.199 beds are discovered. And I'm guessing the paleontologists 00:04:30.199 --> 00:04:32.620 were pretty excited. Oh, absolutely. A guy named 00:04:32.620 --> 00:04:35.199 R. Etheridge Jr. publishes the first findings 00:04:35.199 --> 00:04:37.620 that same year. And this is where the identity 00:04:37.620 --> 00:04:40.720 crisis starts. What did he call our tree? He 00:04:40.720 --> 00:04:44.540 identified it as Podosomites lanceolatus. Podosomites 00:04:44.540 --> 00:04:47.100 lanceolatus. Sounds official. What does it mean? 00:04:47.530 --> 00:04:50.629 Podizomites is a genus of extinct conifers, and 00:04:50.629 --> 00:04:53.329 lanceolatus just refers to the lance -shaped 00:04:53.329 --> 00:04:57.069 leaves. Long and pointy. So he sees a long, skinny 00:04:57.069 --> 00:04:59.670 leaf and says, yep, that's a podizomite. Case 00:04:59.670 --> 00:05:01.790 closed. For a while, yeah. I mean, you have to 00:05:01.790 --> 00:05:03.370 understand, they were just sorting through thousands 00:05:03.370 --> 00:05:05.069 of these things. It's easy to group by what you 00:05:05.069 --> 00:05:07.009 see on the surface. Looks like a duck. Quacks 00:05:07.009 --> 00:05:10.110 like a duck. Precisely. And in 1921, another 00:05:10.110 --> 00:05:12.649 scientist, Walkam, did a more detailed review. 00:05:12.889 --> 00:05:15.829 He upheld the name. But he added a little note, 00:05:15.930 --> 00:05:18.259 didn't he? He did. He said the flora was likely 00:05:18.259 --> 00:05:21.680 coniferous. He was getting close. He knew they 00:05:21.680 --> 00:05:24.040 were cone -bearing trees, but he didn't challenge 00:05:24.040 --> 00:05:26.139 the name itself. So what was wrong with the name? 00:05:26.180 --> 00:05:28.480 Why wasn't it a podosomites? It's all in the 00:05:28.480 --> 00:05:31.720 details. The real podosomites has pin -eyed leaflets 00:05:31.720 --> 00:05:34.620 that grow from opposite sides of the stem. Think 00:05:34.620 --> 00:05:37.060 of it like a feather, sort of symmetrical. Okay, 00:05:37.120 --> 00:05:39.259 opposite each other. Got it. But the Talbergar 00:05:39.259 --> 00:05:42.079 fossils... They didn't really do that. But for 00:05:42.079 --> 00:05:44.560 almost 100 years, nobody really dug into it. 00:05:44.579 --> 00:05:46.180 That's amazing. It just sat in the books for 00:05:46.180 --> 00:05:49.639 a century. Until. Until 1981. And our detective 00:05:49.639 --> 00:05:53.100 arrives, Mary White. Mary White. She does this 00:05:53.100 --> 00:05:56.560 intensive review of everything from Talbergar. 00:05:56.819 --> 00:05:59.300 And she starts noticing the little things everyone 00:05:59.300 --> 00:06:02.170 else had kind of. glossed over. Right. She got 00:06:02.170 --> 00:06:04.509 out the magnifying glass, so to speak. She really 00:06:04.509 --> 00:06:07.769 did. She saw that the leaf sizes varied along 00:06:07.769 --> 00:06:10.490 the smaller branches, which suggested they were 00:06:10.490 --> 00:06:13.230 foliage spurs. Foliage spurs. Is that like how 00:06:13.230 --> 00:06:15.470 pine needles grow in little bunches? A similar 00:06:15.470 --> 00:06:17.870 idea, yes. A specific kind of growth on short 00:06:17.870 --> 00:06:20.709 stems. And that is not how porosomites grow. 00:06:20.829 --> 00:06:23.089 Uh -huh. There's the tell. And she kept going. 00:06:23.189 --> 00:06:25.910 She measured the leaves four to seven centimeters 00:06:25.910 --> 00:06:28.800 long, lance -shaped. And she looked at their 00:06:28.800 --> 00:06:30.680 arrangement. The arrangement, right. You said 00:06:30.680 --> 00:06:33.000 podosomites were opposite. And these weren't. 00:06:33.000 --> 00:06:36.220 Mary White saw they had a spiral phyllotaxy. 00:06:36.759 --> 00:06:39.139 They grew in a spiral around the stem. Okay, 00:06:39.199 --> 00:06:41.019 totally different structure. Completely. Plus, 00:06:41.120 --> 00:06:44.000 she looked at the veins. Parallel veins, about 00:06:44.000 --> 00:06:46.579 five to eight per leaf. Wow, that's specific. 00:06:46.879 --> 00:06:50.060 It has to be. But the real kicker. It wasn't 00:06:50.060 --> 00:06:52.360 just the leaves, it was the cones. The reproductive 00:06:52.360 --> 00:06:55.920 parts. Exactly. For decades, the cones found 00:06:55.920 --> 00:06:58.100 at the site were classified as a totally separate 00:06:58.100 --> 00:07:01.180 species, something called Orocarites grandus. 00:07:01.379 --> 00:07:02.759 So they thought they were just two different 00:07:02.759 --> 00:07:06.319 plants mixed together. Yes. But Mary White looked 00:07:06.319 --> 00:07:08.620 at these cylindrical cones and realized, wait 00:07:08.620 --> 00:07:11.300 a minute, these... These belong to the leaves. 00:07:11.360 --> 00:07:13.319 She put them together. That's a huge connection, 00:07:13.540 --> 00:07:15.579 connecting the fruit to the tree. It was. And 00:07:15.579 --> 00:07:17.860 with the spiral leaves, the foliage spurs, and 00:07:17.860 --> 00:07:20.279 now the cones, she concluded it was much closer 00:07:20.279 --> 00:07:23.620 to the modern genus Agathys. Agathys. Okay, for 00:07:23.620 --> 00:07:25.300 those of us who aren't botanists, what is that? 00:07:25.439 --> 00:07:28.000 Think of the giant cowry pines in New Zealand 00:07:28.000 --> 00:07:31.160 and Australia. These massive ancient conifers, 00:07:31.319 --> 00:07:35.120 giants of the forest. So she's saying this Jurassic 00:07:35.120 --> 00:07:38.319 fossil isn't some random extinct plant. It's 00:07:38.319 --> 00:07:41.000 a direct ancestor of the modern cowrie. That's 00:07:41.000 --> 00:07:42.620 exactly what she's saying. And she renames it 00:07:42.620 --> 00:07:45.220 Agathys Jurassic. Agathys Jurassic. It has a 00:07:45.220 --> 00:07:47.379 good ring to it. And that feels like a big moment. 00:07:47.500 --> 00:07:50.019 Yeah. You're tracing this modern giant all the 00:07:50.019 --> 00:07:52.699 way back to the age of dinosaurs. It was a massive 00:07:52.699 --> 00:07:55.800 aha moment. It rewrote the evolutionary history 00:07:55.800 --> 00:07:59.500 of that whole forest. It meant the cowrie pines 00:07:59.500 --> 00:08:02.120 were incredibly ancient survivors. I can hear 00:08:02.120 --> 00:08:04.199 the butt in your voice. There's always a butt. 00:08:04.519 --> 00:08:06.180 There is always a but. This is where it gets 00:08:06.180 --> 00:08:09.220 good. You'd think, okay, 1981, she does the work, 00:08:09.339 --> 00:08:11.980 case closed, we have our name. You'd think. But 00:08:11.980 --> 00:08:15.600 science is skeptical. Fast forward to 1999. Two 00:08:15.600 --> 00:08:18.699 researchers, Hill and Broderib, are reviewing 00:08:18.699 --> 00:08:21.699 the whole fossil family, Arachariaceae. That's 00:08:21.699 --> 00:08:24.420 the family these trees belong in. Yes. And they 00:08:24.420 --> 00:08:27.759 hit a snag, a chronological snag. What do you 00:08:27.759 --> 00:08:29.660 mean? They looked at the whole fossil record 00:08:29.660 --> 00:08:32.259 globally, and they noticed that the oldest... 00:08:32.600 --> 00:08:35.220 The most reliably identified Agathys fossils, 00:08:35.580 --> 00:08:38.000 the ones everyone agrees on, are from the Middle 00:08:38.000 --> 00:08:40.700 Eocene. The Eocene. Okay. How far is that from 00:08:40.700 --> 00:08:43.279 the Jurassic? It's a huge gap. The Jurassic is 00:08:43.279 --> 00:08:46.360 about 150 million years ago. The Middle Eocene 00:08:46.360 --> 00:08:50.340 is more like 40, maybe 50 million years ago. 00:08:50.500 --> 00:08:53.850 Oh. That's a hundred million year gap in the 00:08:53.850 --> 00:08:56.769 fossil record. It's enormous. It's a huge problem. 00:08:57.070 --> 00:08:59.909 If this thing from the Jurassic really is Agathys, 00:09:00.129 --> 00:09:03.169 where are all its descendants for the next hundred 00:09:03.169 --> 00:09:05.710 million years? There's just nothing. It's like 00:09:05.710 --> 00:09:08.049 finding a Roman chariot and then a brand new 00:09:08.049 --> 00:09:11.090 Ferrari and saying one led directly to the other 00:09:11.090 --> 00:09:13.169 with no cars in between. That's a great way to 00:09:13.169 --> 00:09:15.690 put it. You need the intermediate steps. Without 00:09:15.690 --> 00:09:18.230 them, it's just a wild coincidence. So what do 00:09:18.230 --> 00:09:19.889 they do? Do they just say Mary White was wrong? 00:09:20.250 --> 00:09:22.450 Well, they cast major doubt on it. They said, 00:09:22.450 --> 00:09:24.009 you know, the visual match is there, but the 00:09:24.009 --> 00:09:25.830 timeline just doesn't work. It's suspicious. 00:09:25.970 --> 00:09:28.350 So they took the name away again. Not officially, 00:09:28.450 --> 00:09:30.789 but because of their work, other scientists started 00:09:30.789 --> 00:09:33.899 calling it Podosomite's Jurassic. It swung back. 00:09:34.059 --> 00:09:35.960 Unbelievable. The poor tree is just getting tossed 00:09:35.960 --> 00:09:38.860 back and forth. It gets even messier. As of 2017, 00:09:39.259 --> 00:09:42.500 the name Podosomites jurassica hadn't even been 00:09:42.500 --> 00:09:45.919 validly published. What does that mean? In taxonomy, 00:09:46.139 --> 00:09:48.000 there are strict rules for naming a species. 00:09:48.340 --> 00:09:51.059 You have to follow a process. And no one had 00:09:51.059 --> 00:09:53.220 actually done the official paperwork to make 00:09:53.220 --> 00:09:55.840 that name stick. So it's in taxonomic limbo. 00:09:55.960 --> 00:09:58.220 Completely. It's not the original podozomites. 00:09:58.259 --> 00:10:01.059 It might be Agathys, but the timeline is a huge 00:10:01.059 --> 00:10:03.840 problem. And it might be a new kind of podozomites, 00:10:03.899 --> 00:10:05.960 but nobody's officially named it that way. That 00:10:05.960 --> 00:10:09.700 is just, it's absurd. We have thousands of perfect 00:10:09.700 --> 00:10:12.570 fossils. But we can't agree on what to call them. 00:10:12.669 --> 00:10:14.710 And it matters. It's a really important debate 00:10:14.710 --> 00:10:17.490 about ancestry. Is this a direct grandfather 00:10:17.490 --> 00:10:21.110 of modern Kairi Pines? Or is it just a distant 00:10:21.110 --> 00:10:23.830 cousin that evolved to look very similar and 00:10:23.830 --> 00:10:26.389 then went extinct? Convergent evolution. Exactly. 00:10:26.429 --> 00:10:28.779 Like a shark and a dolphin. They look similar, 00:10:28.860 --> 00:10:31.259 but they're not closely related at all. If this 00:10:31.259 --> 00:10:33.940 is a lookalike, then the carapine is a much younger 00:10:33.940 --> 00:10:36.039 species than Mary White thought. And what about 00:10:36.039 --> 00:10:38.360 its range? It was mostly an Australian thing? 00:10:38.519 --> 00:10:40.720 Primarily southern hemisphere, yes. This was 00:10:40.720 --> 00:10:43.860 Gondwana, remember. But the sources do mention 00:10:43.860 --> 00:10:47.220 some marginal expanses into the northern hemisphere. 00:10:47.419 --> 00:10:49.360 It's a southern specialist, then. It seems so, 00:10:49.399 --> 00:10:52.960 yeah. Adapted to that warm, high CO2 world. Okay, 00:10:53.039 --> 00:10:55.659 so let's recap this whole journey. We start... 00:10:55.820 --> 00:10:58.279 In a Jurassic forest. A forest that gets flash 00:10:58.279 --> 00:11:01.179 frozen by volcanic ash. We dig it up in 1889 00:11:01.179 --> 00:11:05.299 and call it Podosomites. Then in 1981, Mary White 00:11:05.299 --> 00:11:07.919 sees the spiral leaves and calls it Agathys. 00:11:08.200 --> 00:11:10.519 And then the timeline police show up in 1999, 00:11:10.919 --> 00:11:13.580 point out the 100 million year gap, and push 00:11:13.580 --> 00:11:16.100 it back towards Podosomites. Where it sits today, 00:11:16.379 --> 00:11:18.620 kind of nameless. It just goes to show you that 00:11:18.620 --> 00:11:20.559 science isn't this neat collection of facts, 00:11:20.620 --> 00:11:24.240 it's an argument. A long, slow argument. It is. 00:11:24.240 --> 00:11:26.700 And that's what's so cool. The rock itself hasn't 00:11:26.700 --> 00:11:29.899 changed. The fossil is the same. But our understanding, 00:11:30.120 --> 00:11:32.299 our framework for interpreting it keeps shifting. 00:11:32.539 --> 00:11:34.039 And I think that's what's so fun about these 00:11:34.039 --> 00:11:36.500 deep dives. You realize even something as solid 00:11:36.500 --> 00:11:39.759 as a rock is. It's up for debate. Absolutely. 00:11:39.919 --> 00:11:41.759 And it's a good reminder to be humble. We're 00:11:41.759 --> 00:11:44.740 looking at a shadow of the past, literally, and 00:11:44.740 --> 00:11:46.639 trying to build an entire history from it. So 00:11:46.639 --> 00:11:48.419 I guess the takeaway for you listening is next 00:11:48.419 --> 00:11:50.740 time you see a pine tree, you can wonder, is 00:11:50.740 --> 00:11:54.379 its family tree 50 million years old or 150 million? 00:11:54.539 --> 00:11:56.700 And are there ghosts in that tree we just haven't 00:11:56.700 --> 00:11:59.620 found the right name for yet? Exactly. I want 00:11:59.620 --> 00:12:01.440 to leave you with a final thought on this. We 00:12:01.440 --> 00:12:04.139 talked about those stark white impressions. The 00:12:04.139 --> 00:12:08.100 ash preserved the shape. Nature's own photograph. 00:12:08.600 --> 00:12:12.659 It is. But think about it this way. We have the 00:12:12.659 --> 00:12:15.000 photograph. It's perfectly clear. But we are 00:12:15.000 --> 00:12:16.860 still fighting over the caption underneath it. 00:12:17.279 --> 00:12:21.299 If Mary White was right, if it is Agathys, that 00:12:21.299 --> 00:12:24.500 means that genus survived the asteroid that killed 00:12:24.500 --> 00:12:28.500 the dinosaurs. It survived the breakup of Gondwana. 00:12:28.620 --> 00:12:30.980 It survived ice ages. It would be one of the 00:12:30.980 --> 00:12:33.539 planet's ultimate survivors. And if she was wrong. 00:12:33.679 --> 00:12:36.820 If she was wrong. Yeah. Then that Jurassic forest 00:12:36.820 --> 00:12:39.440 at Talbogar was filled with some other kind of 00:12:39.440 --> 00:12:41.399 giant that just happened to look exactly like 00:12:41.399 --> 00:12:43.980 a cowry pine and then vanished completely. So 00:12:43.980 --> 00:12:46.080 what was that tree? The rock shows us the what, 00:12:46.120 --> 00:12:48.700 but it just refuses to tell us the who. And that's 00:12:48.700 --> 00:12:50.580 the mystery that keeps us digging. And that's 00:12:50.580 --> 00:12:52.080 where we'll leave it. Thanks for diving deep 00:12:52.080 --> 00:12:54.720 with us into the identity crisis of Agathys, 00:12:54.720 --> 00:12:57.299 Jurassic. My pleasure. Always fun. See you next 00:12:57.299 --> 00:12:57.519 time.