WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.180 Okay, so picture this. It is June 16th, 1381. 00:00:03.500 --> 00:00:05.320 You're standing right in the middle of Market 00:00:05.320 --> 00:00:08.900 Square in Cambridge. And the visual is just, 00:00:08.960 --> 00:00:13.259 it's arresting. You've got smoke, chaos, a massive 00:00:13.259 --> 00:00:15.800 bonfire roaring in the center of town. But it's 00:00:15.800 --> 00:00:17.739 the smell that probably hits you first. Yeah, 00:00:17.780 --> 00:00:20.059 it's not wood smoke. No, it's the smell of burning 00:00:20.059 --> 00:00:22.620 parchment, animal skin. We're talking hundreds 00:00:22.620 --> 00:00:25.440 of years of legal history just going up in flames. 00:00:25.640 --> 00:00:28.539 And right in the middle of it all, almost, uh... 00:00:28.750 --> 00:00:31.829 Orchestrating the scene is this figure, Marjorie 00:00:31.829 --> 00:00:35.590 Starr. And the sources all call her a bell -dam. 00:00:35.869 --> 00:00:38.310 Ah. Which is such a loaded word, isn't it? It 00:00:38.310 --> 00:00:41.450 suggests this, you know, frail, hag -like figure. 00:00:41.670 --> 00:00:44.350 Very G, almost. Yeah, exactly. But the accounts 00:00:44.350 --> 00:00:46.990 don't describe a frail old lady. She's dancing. 00:00:47.170 --> 00:00:49.570 Oh, she's dancing triumphantly. She's grabbing 00:00:49.570 --> 00:00:51.789 handfuls of these hot ashes and throwing them 00:00:51.789 --> 00:00:53.770 into the air, scattering them to the four winds. 00:00:53.850 --> 00:00:56.009 And she's screaming this line that has somehow 00:00:56.009 --> 00:00:59.369 survived for six centuries. Away with the learning 00:00:59.369 --> 00:01:02.090 of clerks. Away with it. That's the one. It's 00:01:02.090 --> 00:01:05.019 so cinematic. But if you just look at it on the 00:01:05.019 --> 00:01:08.299 surface, it feels like simple anti -intellectualism. 00:01:08.299 --> 00:01:10.620 Yeah. You know, a mob that hates books. Right. 00:01:10.780 --> 00:01:13.099 The simple reading. But when you actually dig 00:01:13.099 --> 00:01:15.359 into the records from the Peasants' Revolt in 00:01:15.359 --> 00:01:17.900 Cambridge and look at the analysis from historians 00:01:17.900 --> 00:01:22.640 like Silvio Federico and Barry Dobson, that bonfire 00:01:22.640 --> 00:01:25.519 wasn't about hating education at all. No, not 00:01:25.519 --> 00:01:28.019 even close. It was a forensic attack on the legal 00:01:28.019 --> 00:01:31.319 system. It was about hating paperwork. Exactly. 00:01:31.319 --> 00:01:33.540 Marjorie Starr wasn't trying to stop people from 00:01:33.540 --> 00:01:35.680 reading. She was trying to break the paper chains 00:01:35.680 --> 00:01:37.980 that held the entire town of Cambridge captive. 00:01:38.280 --> 00:01:40.719 So today we're going to strip back that crazy 00:01:40.719 --> 00:01:43.340 mob narrative to figure out why she was dancing 00:01:43.340 --> 00:01:45.379 in the ashes and what this moment really tells 00:01:45.379 --> 00:01:47.959 us about the town versus gown war, about legal 00:01:47.959 --> 00:01:50.180 loopholes and about the women who helped lead 00:01:50.180 --> 00:01:52.379 these rebellions. Because this wasn't just a 00:01:52.379 --> 00:01:54.879 riot. It was a very targeted strike against the 00:01:54.879 --> 00:01:56.959 University of Cambridge. So let's set the scene 00:01:56.959 --> 00:01:59.120 because the context here is just so volatile. 00:01:59.549 --> 00:02:02.409 It's the summer of 1381. Yeah. The Peasants' 00:02:02.450 --> 00:02:05.689 Revolt is in full swing. London is already on 00:02:05.689 --> 00:02:09.030 fire. The rebels have just razed the Savoy Palace, 00:02:09.449 --> 00:02:12.330 which was John of Gaunt's home. And that violence 00:02:12.330 --> 00:02:15.150 just radiates outwards. It hits Cambridgeshire 00:02:15.150 --> 00:02:17.860 by the middle of June. But the makeup of the 00:02:17.860 --> 00:02:19.860 mob in Cambridge is what's really fascinating. 00:02:20.099 --> 00:02:23.120 It's not your stereotypical peasants with pitchforks. 00:02:23.120 --> 00:02:25.180 Right. The records mention a gang from Suffolk, 00:02:25.180 --> 00:02:27.439 some locals coming back from the riots in London. 00:02:27.659 --> 00:02:30.500 But it's the leadership structure that really 00:02:30.500 --> 00:02:33.240 jumped out at me. This wasn't a leaderless rabble 00:02:33.240 --> 00:02:35.180 just breaking windows. No, it was organized. 00:02:35.500 --> 00:02:37.900 Very organized. The mob was being led by the 00:02:37.900 --> 00:02:40.280 mayor of Cambridge. Which just completely changes 00:02:40.280 --> 00:02:42.259 how you see the event, doesn't it? When the mayor 00:02:42.259 --> 00:02:44.379 is leading the riot, it's not an uprising against 00:02:44.379 --> 00:02:47.000 civic order. It is the civic order. It is. It's 00:02:47.000 --> 00:02:49.699 the town mobilizing against a rival power. And 00:02:49.699 --> 00:02:51.879 that rival is the university. The University 00:02:51.879 --> 00:02:57.150 of Cambridge in 1381 was, well... Suffocating 00:02:57.150 --> 00:02:58.710 is probably the right word for it. It wasn't 00:02:58.710 --> 00:03:00.830 just a school. It was a landlord. It was a police 00:03:00.830 --> 00:03:03.129 force. And it was a court system all rolled into 00:03:03.129 --> 00:03:05.789 one. This is that classic town versus gown dynamic, 00:03:05.990 --> 00:03:09.590 but on steroids. I think today we might assume 00:03:09.590 --> 00:03:12.629 a university town loves the college. It brings 00:03:12.629 --> 00:03:15.650 in money, prestige. A good sports team, you know. 00:03:15.669 --> 00:03:18.650 Right. But back then, the university was basically 00:03:18.650 --> 00:03:21.229 an occupying force. They had regulatory power 00:03:21.229 --> 00:03:23.789 over everyone in town. They could police your 00:03:23.789 --> 00:03:25.930 behavior. They could set prices at the market, 00:03:25.969 --> 00:03:28.530 control who could trade. But the real point of 00:03:28.530 --> 00:03:31.349 friction, the thing that likely drove the mayor 00:03:31.349 --> 00:03:33.650 to side with the rioters, was something called 00:03:33.650 --> 00:03:36.870 the benefit of clergy. An ultimate legal loophole. 00:03:37.009 --> 00:03:39.650 It really was. Basically, if you are a scholar 00:03:39.650 --> 00:03:42.590 or a clerk or a priest, you are exempt from the 00:03:42.590 --> 00:03:45.229 normal courts. So if a student assaulted a local 00:03:45.229 --> 00:03:48.229 shopkeeper, that student wouldn't face the king's 00:03:48.229 --> 00:03:50.590 justice. He'd face a church court. An ecclesiastical 00:03:50.590 --> 00:03:52.969 court, yeah. Which was notoriously - lenient. 00:03:52.969 --> 00:03:55.389 A slap on the wrist. Pretty much. So you have 00:03:55.389 --> 00:03:57.689 the shopkeeper seeing a student commit a crime 00:03:57.689 --> 00:04:00.270 theft, assault, whatever, and get nothing, while 00:04:00.270 --> 00:04:02.370 that same shopkeeper would probably hang for 00:04:02.370 --> 00:04:06.849 the same offense. So it creates this two -tiered 00:04:06.849 --> 00:04:09.169 society. If you're a townsperson, you're not 00:04:09.169 --> 00:04:11.009 looking at the university as a center of learning. 00:04:11.150 --> 00:04:14.490 You're looking at it as a fortress of royal privilege 00:04:14.490 --> 00:04:17.370 that is totally immune to consequences. Exactly. 00:04:17.370 --> 00:04:20.399 And because they had the king's protection, There 00:04:20.399 --> 00:04:22.680 was no legal recourse. You couldn't sue them. 00:04:22.759 --> 00:04:25.000 You couldn't arrest them. The resentment just 00:04:25.000 --> 00:04:28.300 built and built for decades. So when the violence 00:04:28.300 --> 00:04:31.120 finally explodes on June 15th, the day before 00:04:31.120 --> 00:04:34.649 our bonfire, they have. very specific targets 00:04:34.649 --> 00:04:37.029 in mind. They aren't just smashing random windows. 00:04:37.250 --> 00:04:39.209 No, this is surgical. They go for the institutions. 00:04:39.449 --> 00:04:41.470 They hit Great St. Mary's Church first. Which 00:04:41.470 --> 00:04:43.470 seems odd until you realize that's where the 00:04:43.470 --> 00:04:46.389 university kept its paperwork. Exactly. The bulls, 00:04:46.389 --> 00:04:48.730 the papal decrees, the charters, the title deeds, 00:04:48.910 --> 00:04:51.170 they dragged them all out. But the main event, 00:04:51.310 --> 00:04:53.810 the attack that really explains the town's anger, 00:04:53.930 --> 00:04:57.430 was the one on Corpus Christi College. Why Corpus 00:04:57.430 --> 00:04:59.069 Christi in particular? I mean, Cambridge had 00:04:59.069 --> 00:05:01.980 other colleges. It did, but Corpus Christi was 00:05:01.980 --> 00:05:04.740 a massive landowner in the town, and they were, 00:05:04.819 --> 00:05:08.000 frankly, terrible landlords. There was this one 00:05:08.000 --> 00:05:10.300 specific grievance that keeps coming up in the 00:05:10.300 --> 00:05:14.259 sources. Candle rents. This detail really stood 00:05:14.259 --> 00:05:16.839 out to me. It sounds so petty, doesn't it? Candle 00:05:16.839 --> 00:05:19.389 rent. It does. But when you look at the economics, 00:05:19.550 --> 00:05:22.689 it was just this constant intrusive drain. The 00:05:22.689 --> 00:05:25.209 college owned a bunch of houses and charged rent 00:05:25.209 --> 00:05:28.709 based on the number of wax tapers candles that 00:05:28.709 --> 00:05:30.410 were used in the house. So the more light you 00:05:30.410 --> 00:05:32.519 need to live your life. the more you owe the 00:05:32.519 --> 00:05:35.019 college. It's a very rigid, very controlling 00:05:35.019 --> 00:05:38.379 way of extracting wealth. Plus, Corpus Christi 00:05:38.379 --> 00:05:40.759 had political ties to John of Gaunt. Ah, the 00:05:40.759 --> 00:05:43.459 big bad of the whole revolt. The man they blamed 00:05:43.459 --> 00:05:46.560 for the poll tax. The very same. So Corpus Christi 00:05:46.560 --> 00:05:48.899 came to represent everything the town hated. 00:05:48.980 --> 00:05:51.379 The university, the church, and the corrupt crown. 00:05:51.699 --> 00:05:54.379 So on June 15th... The mob attacks. And it's 00:05:54.379 --> 00:05:56.680 worth pointing out the mob included some students. 00:05:56.860 --> 00:05:58.660 That's the twist, isn't it? Even some of the 00:05:58.660 --> 00:06:00.980 gown turned against the college. They gutted 00:06:00.980 --> 00:06:02.959 the buildings. They broke down doors, stole the 00:06:02.959 --> 00:06:05.120 college plate, the silverware and valuables. 00:06:05.240 --> 00:06:08.040 But the silver wasn't the main prize. No, the 00:06:08.040 --> 00:06:10.019 priority was what they called the muniments. 00:06:10.240 --> 00:06:12.899 The legal documents. Chests full of rent rolls, 00:06:13.199 --> 00:06:16.160 charters and deeds. All the paper that said, 00:06:16.180 --> 00:06:20.060 you owe us money or we own this land. Corpus 00:06:20.060 --> 00:06:22.360 Christi later sued for 80 pounds in damages. 00:06:22.620 --> 00:06:25.620 Which is, what, roughly 50 ,000 pounds today? 00:06:25.699 --> 00:06:27.680 It's a huge sum. So they wrecked the college, 00:06:27.800 --> 00:06:29.480 they grabbed the valuables, and they dragged 00:06:29.480 --> 00:06:32.399 these heavy chests of paper to the market square. 00:06:33.259 --> 00:06:36.420 And that brings us back to June 16th, the day 00:06:36.420 --> 00:06:39.579 of the bonfire, and to Marjory Starr. Right. 00:06:39.819 --> 00:06:42.220 The summer of blood, as one historian calls it. 00:06:42.259 --> 00:06:44.199 And in the midst of all this violence, we get 00:06:44.199 --> 00:06:46.980 this moment of what Dan Jones calls jubilant 00:06:46.980 --> 00:06:49.000 vandalism. It's just so interesting that the 00:06:49.000 --> 00:06:51.120 history books tend to focus on the men want Tyler, 00:06:51.279 --> 00:06:54.500 John Ball, the mayor. But in this one iconic 00:06:54.500 --> 00:06:57.420 incident, the camera zooms right in on a woman. 00:06:57.839 --> 00:07:00.660 And she's not just a participant. She's the orchestrator. 00:07:00.779 --> 00:07:03.279 She is the absolute focal point. She's the one 00:07:03.279 --> 00:07:06.100 scattering the ashes. And that cry of hers, away 00:07:06.100 --> 00:07:08.279 with the learning of clerks. We really need to 00:07:08.279 --> 00:07:10.800 unpack that. Because learning makes it sound 00:07:10.800 --> 00:07:13.379 like she's attacking knowledge itself. Like she 00:07:13.379 --> 00:07:15.699 wants everyone to be ignorant. It feeds right 00:07:15.699 --> 00:07:18.899 into that Dark Ages mob stereotype. That's the 00:07:18.899 --> 00:07:22.360 traditional kind of snobbish reading of it, yes. 00:07:22.560 --> 00:07:25.800 The ignorant peasants destroying wisdom. But 00:07:25.800 --> 00:07:27.980 scholars like Suzanne Sarah Thomas argue that 00:07:27.980 --> 00:07:30.120 we need to think about what learning actually 00:07:30.120 --> 00:07:34.000 meant to a 14th century townsperson. They weren't 00:07:34.000 --> 00:07:35.699 burning poetry, were they? They weren't burning 00:07:35.699 --> 00:07:38.459 philosophy or medical texts. No, they were burning 00:07:38.459 --> 00:07:41.579 the university's statutes. To someone like Marjorie 00:07:41.579 --> 00:07:44.220 Starr, a piece of parchment with Latin on it 00:07:44.220 --> 00:07:46.459 wasn't a vehicle for enlightenment. It was a 00:07:46.459 --> 00:07:49.060 weapon. It was the document that could evict 00:07:49.060 --> 00:07:51.060 you from your home. It was the paper that said 00:07:51.060 --> 00:07:54.620 you owed candle rent. So learning in this context 00:07:54.620 --> 00:07:57.639 is really just shorthand for bureaucracy. Precisely. 00:07:57.639 --> 00:08:00.519 It's the establishment. The historian Barry Dobson 00:08:00.519 --> 00:08:02.540 points out that burning records was a popular 00:08:02.540 --> 00:08:05.079 activity all across England during the revolt. 00:08:05.259 --> 00:08:07.459 They called it burning records and writings in 00:08:07.459 --> 00:08:10.139 the House of Justice. There is a deep irony here, 00:08:10.199 --> 00:08:13.480 though. Another historian, Edmund King, he points 00:08:13.480 --> 00:08:16.060 out that the mob probably didn't realize how 00:08:16.060 --> 00:08:19.000 little actual learning was in those chests. That's 00:08:19.000 --> 00:08:21.259 the funny part. They thought they were destroying 00:08:21.259 --> 00:08:23.699 the secret knowledge of the clerks, the almost 00:08:23.699 --> 00:08:26.620 mystical source of their power. But in reality, 00:08:26.740 --> 00:08:28.740 they were mostly just burning invoices. Boring 00:08:28.740 --> 00:08:31.819 administrative data. Very boring. But the symbolism 00:08:31.819 --> 00:08:34.679 holds up. To them, the administration was the 00:08:34.679 --> 00:08:37.460 oppression. The learning was the ability to write 00:08:37.460 --> 00:08:40.299 down the rules that kept them poor. And Marjorie's 00:08:40.299 --> 00:08:43.250 role here, it connects to a much bigger... often 00:08:43.250 --> 00:08:46.710 overlooked story about women in the revolt. It 00:08:46.710 --> 00:08:49.250 really does. Silvia Federico points out that 00:08:49.250 --> 00:08:51.750 women are all over the judicial records from 00:08:51.750 --> 00:08:54.570 1381. They're not just bystanders or victims. 00:08:54.909 --> 00:08:56.950 They're listed as maintainers of rebel bands. 00:08:57.389 --> 00:09:00.450 Instigators, accomplices. Federico argues that 00:09:00.450 --> 00:09:02.690 Marjorie's story is often treated like a colorful 00:09:02.690 --> 00:09:05.190 little anecdote, a side detail. But it actually 00:09:05.190 --> 00:09:06.870 highlights the fact that women had their own 00:09:06.870 --> 00:09:09.669 specific grievances against the system. It just 00:09:09.669 --> 00:09:11.750 completely challenges that Beldam narrative. 00:09:12.640 --> 00:09:15.639 Calling her a crazy old woman is a way of minimizing 00:09:15.639 --> 00:09:17.700 what she was actually doing. She was a political 00:09:17.700 --> 00:09:20.039 agitator. She was engaging in political theater. 00:09:20.279 --> 00:09:23.399 It was a performance. And there's a fantastic 00:09:23.399 --> 00:09:26.679 literary parallel that Suzanne Sarah Thomas draws. 00:09:26.960 --> 00:09:30.000 She compares Marjorie Starr to Chaucer's Wife 00:09:30.000 --> 00:09:33.009 of Bath. Oh, I love this connection. We all remember 00:09:33.009 --> 00:09:35.750 the wife of Bath as this boisterous, dominant 00:09:35.750 --> 00:09:38.269 character. But her relationship with books and 00:09:38.269 --> 00:09:40.990 texts is really adversarial. Absolutely. Her 00:09:40.990 --> 00:09:44.230 fifth husband, Jankian, he's a clerk, a scholar, 00:09:44.389 --> 00:09:47.330 and he loves to torment her by reading from his 00:09:47.330 --> 00:09:50.009 Book of Wicked Wives. Right, a big book just 00:09:50.009 --> 00:09:52.289 cataloging all the supposed sins of women throughout 00:09:52.289 --> 00:09:54.950 history. Exactly. He uses the text, the learning, 00:09:55.129 --> 00:09:57.870 to control and shame her. So what does she do? 00:09:57.990 --> 00:10:00.450 She rips the pages out. She rips the pages out 00:10:00.450 --> 00:10:02.250 and then makes him burn. in the book. It's the 00:10:02.250 --> 00:10:04.330 same energy as Marjorie Starr. It is. It's a 00:10:04.330 --> 00:10:07.450 complete rejection of text. It is a tool of patriarchal 00:10:07.450 --> 00:10:09.570 control. I mean, in the Middle Ages, writing 00:10:09.570 --> 00:10:12.309 was power and that power was overwhelmingly male 00:10:12.309 --> 00:10:15.409 and clerical. So when the wife of Bath rips up 00:10:15.409 --> 00:10:18.129 the book or when Marjorie Starr burns the charters, 00:10:18.149 --> 00:10:21.090 they're both effectively saying, I do not consent 00:10:21.090 --> 00:10:23.269 to the authority of this piece of paper. It's 00:10:23.269 --> 00:10:26.129 a way of saying, if the book says I'm lesser 00:10:26.129 --> 00:10:29.250 or if this charter says I owe you money I can't 00:10:29.250 --> 00:10:32.460 pay. then the book has to go. It also reminds 00:10:32.460 --> 00:10:34.519 me of that famous line from Shakespeare's Henry 00:10:34.519 --> 00:10:37.559 VI from the Jack Cade rebellion scenes. The first 00:10:37.559 --> 00:10:40.080 thing we do, let's kill all the lawyers. That's 00:10:40.080 --> 00:10:43.480 it. Which is often quoted as a joke, but in the 00:10:43.480 --> 00:10:45.600 context of the play, it's a deeply revolutionary 00:10:45.600 --> 00:10:48.549 statement. Thomas Shippey makes that exact comparison 00:10:48.549 --> 00:10:50.789 to Marjorie Starr, doesn't he? He does. It's 00:10:50.789 --> 00:10:53.610 that same deep -seated fear that a man with a 00:10:53.610 --> 00:10:56.309 pen and some ink can ruin your life faster than 00:10:56.309 --> 00:10:58.830 a man with a sword. Marjorie is the embodiment 00:10:58.830 --> 00:11:00.830 of that anxiety. She's fighting the abstraction 00:11:00.830 --> 00:11:04.409 of power. You can fight a soldier. It's much 00:11:04.409 --> 00:11:06.549 harder to fight a deed to a house. Unless you 00:11:06.549 --> 00:11:08.789 can burn it. So looking back at the aftermath, 00:11:09.070 --> 00:11:11.590 the bonfire burns out. The king's forces eventually 00:11:11.590 --> 00:11:14.669 regain control. What happened to Cambridge? Well, 00:11:14.730 --> 00:11:17.629 it's the usual story. Order was restored and 00:11:17.629 --> 00:11:20.049 the university's privileges weren't just restored. 00:11:20.210 --> 00:11:22.110 They were actually strengthened in the years 00:11:22.110 --> 00:11:24.409 that followed. Of course, the empire strikes 00:11:24.409 --> 00:11:27.990 back. The town definitely lost the war against 00:11:27.990 --> 00:11:30.769 the gown, but the memory of it stuck around. 00:11:30.870 --> 00:11:33.769 The image of the mayor leading a mob and an old 00:11:33.769 --> 00:11:37.360 woman dancing on the ashes. It exposed just how 00:11:37.360 --> 00:11:40.320 fragile the university's authority really was. 00:11:40.460 --> 00:11:43.519 It all relied on paper. And paper is very, very 00:11:43.519 --> 00:11:46.440 flammable. It's a stark reminder that our institutions 00:11:46.440 --> 00:11:48.720 only really function as long as we all agree 00:11:48.720 --> 00:11:51.080 to respect the documentation. When that social 00:11:51.080 --> 00:11:53.590 contract snaps. the archives are one of the first 00:11:53.590 --> 00:11:56.129 things to go. Exactly. I think that's why Marjorie 00:11:56.129 --> 00:11:59.570 Starr's story still resonates almost 650 years 00:11:59.570 --> 00:12:01.450 later. She didn't have an army. She didn't have 00:12:01.450 --> 00:12:03.909 a title. She just had a match. And she used it 00:12:03.909 --> 00:12:06.789 to physically dismantle the abstract things that 00:12:06.789 --> 00:12:09.529 were controlling her community. It's such a powerful 00:12:09.529 --> 00:12:12.070 story about the intersection of literacy, law, 00:12:12.330 --> 00:12:15.929 and class. It is ironic, though. Her whole goal 00:12:15.929 --> 00:12:19.149 was to destroy the learning of clerks, but now 00:12:19.149 --> 00:12:21.759 she's trapped inside it. The only reason we even 00:12:21.759 --> 00:12:24.220 know her name is because the clerks wrote it 00:12:24.220 --> 00:12:26.980 down in the legal records. She's been preserved 00:12:26.980 --> 00:12:29.799 by the very bureaucracy she tried to incinerate. 00:12:29.820 --> 00:12:33.179 But at least now, thanks to historians like Federico 00:12:33.179 --> 00:12:35.600 and Thomas, we're reading those records in a 00:12:35.600 --> 00:12:38.500 different way. We aren't just seeing a beldam 00:12:38.500 --> 00:12:42.190 or a witch. We're seeing a revolutionary. It 00:12:42.190 --> 00:12:44.330 does leave you with a thought for our own time. 00:12:44.610 --> 00:12:47.590 We are so much more documented than 14th century 00:12:47.590 --> 00:12:50.610 Cambridge. Our debts, our deeds, our very identities, 00:12:50.750 --> 00:12:52.870 they're not on parchment in a wooden chest anymore. 00:12:52.990 --> 00:12:54.690 No, they're on servers. They're in the cloud. 00:12:54.850 --> 00:12:56.970 So if Marjorie Starr were here today, she wouldn't 00:12:56.970 --> 00:12:58.990 be in Market Square with a torch. No, she'd be 00:12:58.990 --> 00:13:01.269 looking for a magnetic degausser. Or maybe just 00:13:01.269 --> 00:13:03.700 the delete key. It makes you wonder if a community 00:13:03.700 --> 00:13:06.460 today felt that same level of candle rent oppression, 00:13:06.799 --> 00:13:10.059 that same feeling of a rigged system, what is 00:13:10.059 --> 00:13:12.919 the modern equivalent of that bonfire? Is it 00:13:12.919 --> 00:13:15.460 a cyber attack? Is it wiping a database clean? 00:13:15.740 --> 00:13:18.320 The medium changes, right? Parchment to silicon. 00:13:18.799 --> 00:13:22.460 But the impulse is identical. Erase the record. 00:13:22.580 --> 00:13:25.279 Erase the debt. Erase the control. The power 00:13:25.279 --> 00:13:27.200 of the record versus the power of the people. 00:13:27.340 --> 00:13:29.789 We'll leave you to chew on that one. Thanks for 00:13:29.789 --> 00:13:31.710 walking us through the smoke today. A pleasure, 00:13:31.830 --> 00:13:34.450 as always. And to our listener, thanks for joining 00:13:34.450 --> 00:13:36.269 the deep dive. We'll see you next time.