WEBVTT

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Welcome back to the Deep Dive. Today we are focusing

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on a figure who for over three decades provided

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this rock solid, often silent foundational stability

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for perhaps the most flamboyant and tumultuous

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rock band in history. He was, you know, anything

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but quiet behind the scenes. Exactly. We're going

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far beyond that standard narrative of the quiet

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stone and exploring William George Wyman, born

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William George Perks in 1936. Our sources paint

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this picture. Of restless. Really analytical

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mind. I mean, a man whose 31 years as the bassist

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for the Rolling Stones were paralleled by careers

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as an inventor, a meticulous chronicler of history.

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A published author, an acclaimed photographer,

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the list goes on. It really does. And that dual

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life is the mission of this deep dive. For you,

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the learner, we're distilling the essential nature

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of Wyman. You know, what made his specific sound

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so integral to the Stones' identity. And how

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did he manage to just walk away in 1993, already

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having established these multiple successful

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non -musical careers? Yeah, it's the story of

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the anchor who was also the historian. And yes,

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we will definitely be unpacking those famously

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complex personal dynamics. The material we gathered

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is drawn from some really comprehensive biographies

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and historical records, which gives us this unique

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opportunity to trace the trajectory from his

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very austere post -war childhood. Right. Right

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through to his surprising return to the studio

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with the Rolling Stones in 2023. It's a study

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in consistency and curiosity. To really understand

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Bill Wyman, you have to start with William George

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Birx. And the setting is just so crucial. He

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was born in Lewisham Hospital, raised in Penge,

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southeast London. And when we look at the other

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members of the Stones, you know, who were so

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often defined by their theatricality or their

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bohemian art school ruse, Wyman's background,

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it really stands out because it was defined by

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scarcity. Absolutely. The sources use very evocative

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language. They note his early life was scarred

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by poverty. His father was a bricklayer and he

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was one of six children. So this wasn't just

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like a working class struggle. No, no. This was

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a childhood defined by survival during World

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War II. He lived through the London Blitz. And

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the details from that period are, I mean, they're

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harrowing. We aren't talking about distant memories.

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We're talking about tangible, terrifying events.

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The record shows specific instances of enemy

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fighter planes strafing in his neighborhood,

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killing neighbors. Experiencing that kind of

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violence and instability so early on, I think

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it fundamentally contributes to that intensely

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grounded, even cautious nature he later exhibited

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in the band, right? I think you have to believe

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that. And that need for stability is visible

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immediately in his educational path. He attended

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Beckenham and Pinge County Grammar School, which

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was a respectable education. But he didn't even

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sit for his exams. No, he didn't sit for his

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general certificate of education exams. He left

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school prematurely at Easter 1953. And that wasn't

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some rebellious choice, was it? It was pure economic

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necessity. Exactly. His father insisted he take

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a steady job, which led him to working for a

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bookmaker. The promise of immediate reliable

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income just. It trumped the long -term rewards

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of academic study. And this is the mentality

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that he then carried into the most unstable business

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imaginable. Rock and roll. Rock and roll. That

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stability was interrupted, ironically, by mandatory

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national service. In 1955, Wyman was called up

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for two years in the Royal Air Force. He actually

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signed up for an extra year, too. He did, which

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saw him posted to Oldenburg Air Base in North

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Germany, working in the motor transport section.

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And Germany becomes this like accidental portal

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to his musical career. Yeah. Being stationed

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there exposed him directly to sounds that hadn't

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yet fully permeated post -war Britain. He was

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hearing rock and roll not only in local dance

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halls, like one called Zum Grunenwald. Which

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is a great name. But critically via the American

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Forces Network, AFN radio. And that exposure

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was just transformative. In 1956, while he was

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still in Germany, he bought his first guitar

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for 400 Deutsche Mark. Now, we know he'd had

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some piano lessons as a boy, right? Between ages

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10 and 13. He did. But the skiffle group he formed

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on camp in 1957 with Casey Jones, that was his

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first real engagement with modern popular music.

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But the guitar, it wasn't his destiny. When he

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married his first wife, Diane Corey, in 1959,

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he made a serious financial investment a year

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later. A Burns electric guitar for 52 pounds.

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Which, when you adjust for inflation, is well

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over 1 ,500 mounds today. A huge amount of money.

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A fortune. Yet he still felt dissatisfied with

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his progress on the instrument. And this leads

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us to the critical turning point for the Rolling

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Stones sound. He switched to bass guitar. The

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motivation. Yeah. Hearing the bass played live

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at a Baron Knights concert, it just... It resonated

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with him instantly. What's fascinating is that

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he didn't just switch instruments. He engineered

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his own specific sound because he couldn't afford

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the standard equipment. That's where the inventiveness

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comes in. He purchased a secondhand UK -built

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Dallas Tuxedo bass, and in an act of pure musical

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engineering, he manually removed the frets. He

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made his own fretless bass. He created his own

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fretless instrument. It was a 30 -inch short

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-scale bass, which became the cornerstone of

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his early tone. This instrument choice, born

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of necessity and curiosity, made history. That

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DIY bass became his ticket. By 1961, he was playing

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it in a local band called the Cliftons. And his

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unusual instrument, that deep, slightly thudding,

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fretless sound, was instrumental in the audition

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for the nascent Rolling Stones. So, December

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7, 1962. The audition at the White Horse Pub

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in Chelsea. He's there to succeed Dick Taylor.

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Right. And the band members, Jagger, Richards,

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and Jones, they were initially a bit reserved

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about him, but they were deeply impressed by

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his equipment. His gear. His gear. He brought

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the custom fretless bass plus a modified amplifier

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and a Vox AC -30. In a time when the Stones were

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struggling and scrappy, Wyman arrived with the

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sound, the gear, and the older, more grounded

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demeanor they desperately needed. And that grounded

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demeanor was literally reinforced by his age.

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Wyman was the oldest member of the group, which

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must have contributed to his anchoring role.

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Oh, for sure. And just a quick final note on

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his name. He legally changed his surname to Wyman

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in August 1964. Right, taking the phonetic spelling

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of a friend from his RAF days, Lee Wyman. So

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that military connection remained even in his

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stage name. So when you look at this origin story,

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Wyman was kind of the accidental genius, wasn't

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he? I think that's the perfect way to put it.

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He didn't come from a deep blues background like

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Richards or the art school environment of Jagger.

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He brought real world stability, financial capability,

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owning his own amps was huge, and most importantly,

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a technical innovation. That fretless bass. That

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fretless bass. Yeah. It instantly differentiated

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their rhythm section. His stability became the

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essential anchor in a band that was designed

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for glorious chaos. So moving into his core three

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-decade tenure, Wyman's contribution is just

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staggering. He anchored the bass on the band's

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first 19 studio albums. 19. A steady, if quiet,

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presence. He also contributed backing vocals

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frequently through 1967, showing he wasn't completely

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locked into just the low end. His creative contribution

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often gets overshadowed by the Glimmer Twins,

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but the sources confirm he has two specific songwriting

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credits released by the Rolling Stones. The first

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is... Another Land. From the Psychedelic album,

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there's Satanic Majesty's Request in 67. Exactly.

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And what's interesting about In Another Land

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is that Wyman sang lead on it, and it was actually

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released as his first official solo single. Right.

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Credited solely to him, even while he was a full

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-time member of the Scones. It was an early sign

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of his independent musical identity trying to

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break through. Yeah. The second track is Downtown

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Susie, which later appeared on the Metamorphosis

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Outtakes collection. Mick Jagger sang lead on

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this one. He did. But the original title was

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Sweet Lyle Lucy, named after Lyle Street in London's

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notorious red light district. And the title was

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changed by their manager, Alan Klein, right,

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without the band's input. Allegedly, yes. And

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that small detail is a perfect illustration of

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the kind of managerial and corporate chaos that

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Wyman was constantly observing and, more importantly,

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recording. That quiet observation leads us to

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the core of his non -musical role. The Chronicler.

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Wyman kept a comprehensive diary throughout his

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entire life, starting from childhood. This wasn't

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just a memo book. It was a meticulous record

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of every gig, every recording session, every

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business meeting, every argument. This journal

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is historically invaluable. It formed the foundation

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for his 1990 autobiography, Stone Alone, and

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his 2002 book, Rolling with the Stones. But keeping

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such a detailed record during that period, it

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must have created a fascinating tension, didn't

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it? He was both an active participant and this

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impartial forensic observer. It raises a crucial

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question about the internal dynamics. How did

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the band react to the idea that their bassist

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was constantly taking notes? Did they trust the

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keeper of the secrets? Well, his closeness to

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Brian Jones in those early turbulent years suggests

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a certain bond built on shared observation. That's

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a great point. The source notes that Wyman and

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Jones often shared rooms on tour, and Wyman was

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one of only two band members, alongside Charlie

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Watts, to attend Jones' funeral in 1969. That

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bond with Jones, the outcast, is significant.

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And that journal gives Wyman the authority to

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make controversial claims that challenge the

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established mythology of the band, which is usually

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controlled by Jagger and Richards. For example,

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His assertion in Stone Alone that he co -composed

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the iconic riff for Jumpin' Jack Flash. Exactly.

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He said he worked on that iconic riff with Brian

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Jones and Charlie Watts. This directly contradicts

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the established narrative that credits the song

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primarily to Jagger and Richards. And while the

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claim remains disputed, the fact that it comes

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from a detailed contemporaneous record forces

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rock historians to pause and reexamine the creative

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process. That detail alone underscores the immense

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value of the perpetual witness, the man with

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the diary. But perhaps the most shocking example

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of his internal leverage involves the band's

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biggest anthem, I Can't Get No Satisfaction.

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This is where it gets really compelling regarding

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the internal politics. Our source material confirms

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there was a surprising... and deeply consequential

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conflict over releasing that song as a single

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in 1965. You mean the song that defined the Rolling

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Stones globally was almost shelved? It was. The

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sources are very clear. The song was released

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only after a nail -biting, razor -thin, 3 -2

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internal band vote. A vote. A vote. Astonishingly,

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the two core songwriters, Mick Jagger and Keith

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Richards, voted against releasing it. No. Why?

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They felt it wasn't commercial enough. Or perhaps

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that the riff felt too raw. Too simple. So the

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rhythm section, Wyman, Charlie Watts, and Brian

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Jones had to vote down the frontmen. Yes. That

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totally shifts your perception of the Stones'

00:11:02.899 --> 00:11:05.799
early decision -making process. The quiet observers

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were the ones who saw the commercial and artistic

00:11:07.940 --> 00:11:10.799
potential of what became the most defining rock

00:11:10.799 --> 00:11:13.740
song of the 1960s. It illustrates that the anchor

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wasn't just physical or rhythmic. It was often

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moral and strategic. Yeah, Wyman's inherent stability

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and clear -headedness provided the counterbalance

00:11:21.200 --> 00:11:24.159
needed to overcome the volatile creative arguments

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between Jagger and Richards. And all the while,

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he maintained a remarkably busy schedule of side

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projects outside the Stones' orbit throughout

00:11:32.179 --> 00:11:34.639
the 70s and 80s, which really demonstrates his

00:11:34.639 --> 00:11:37.059
versatility. He was a highly sought -after session

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player, especially in the blues rock community.

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He played on foundational albums like the London

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Howlin' Wolf Sessions in 1971. With Clapton and

00:11:45.379 --> 00:11:48.379
Charlie Watts. Right. Then there was jamming

00:11:48.379 --> 00:11:52.480
with Edward. In 1972, that spontaneous supergroup

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jam that included Ry Cooder, Nicky Hopkins, Jagger,

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and Watts. He was clearly a central figure in

00:11:58.460 --> 00:12:00.679
that whole London session scene. And he also

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achieved genuine mainstream solo success. He

00:12:04.419 --> 00:12:08.240
did. His single, Si, Si, Je Suis Un Rockstar,

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a French -English title translating to Yes, Yes,

00:12:11.460 --> 00:12:13.960
I Am a Rockstar, became a top 20 hit in several

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countries in July 1981. That's an achievement

00:12:16.700 --> 00:12:18.889
that often gets lost in the anonymous. of the

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Stones' legacy. It really does. And he also dove

00:12:21.830 --> 00:12:24.110
headfirst into film composition. He composed

00:12:24.110 --> 00:12:26.549
the soundtrack album for the 1981 movie Green

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Ice. And then he worked on two films by the celebrated

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Italian horror director Dario Argento. Phenomena

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in 85 and Opera in 87. That's a fascinating,

00:12:34.909 --> 00:12:37.509
unexpected detour into the avant -garde horror

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space. We also have to mention the philanthropic

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work inspired by his friend Faces bassist Ronnie

00:12:42.250 --> 00:12:44.610
Lane, who was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.

00:12:44.809 --> 00:12:47.750
Right. In 1983, Wyman helped organize Willie...

00:12:47.789 --> 00:12:50.149
and The Poor Boys, a fundraiser concert tour

00:12:50.149 --> 00:12:52.269
for action research into multiple sclerosis.

00:12:52.720 --> 00:12:55.379
That concert series and the resulting album involved

00:12:55.379 --> 00:12:57.919
a truly rotating cast of high -profile guests,

00:12:58.240 --> 00:13:01.659
a who's who of British rock royalty. Eric Clapton,

00:13:01.840 --> 00:13:05.820
Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page. It demonstrated his capability

00:13:05.820 --> 00:13:08.480
not just as a musician, but as an organizer and

00:13:08.480 --> 00:13:11.360
a leader. So after 31 years of anchor service,

00:13:11.720 --> 00:13:14.159
chronicling, and composing, Wyman officially

00:13:14.159 --> 00:13:16.980
stepped away. He left the Rolling Stones in January

00:13:16.980 --> 00:13:20.940
1993 following the massive 1989 -90 Steel Wheels

00:13:20.940 --> 00:13:23.889
Urban Jungle. tours. His tenure remains the benchmark.

00:13:24.169 --> 00:13:27.909
Thirty one years, 19 studio albums. It is an

00:13:27.909 --> 00:13:29.929
official fixed period of the band's history.

00:13:30.049 --> 00:13:32.070
And while Daryl Jones has capably filled the

00:13:32.070 --> 00:13:33.909
bassist role ever since, it's telling that the

00:13:33.909 --> 00:13:35.710
Stones have never made him an official member.

00:13:35.950 --> 00:13:37.669
That's right. They acknowledge that Wyman's era

00:13:37.669 --> 00:13:41.250
is a unique historical chapter, one which, thanks

00:13:41.250 --> 00:13:43.990
to his journals, is perhaps the most comprehensively

00:13:43.990 --> 00:13:46.190
documented period of the band's history. The

00:13:46.190 --> 00:13:48.470
lesson here really is that the quietest person

00:13:48.470 --> 00:13:51.759
in the room often sees the most. Wyman's discipline,

00:13:52.059 --> 00:13:55.059
born of his necessity -driven childhood, translated

00:13:55.059 --> 00:13:57.559
into the stability the stones needed musically,

00:13:57.759 --> 00:14:01.340
strategically, and historically. Let's dedicate

00:14:01.340 --> 00:14:03.659
a moment to the specific technical contribution

00:14:03.659 --> 00:14:06.960
of Bill Wyman. He wasn't just playing the instrument.

00:14:07.019 --> 00:14:10.279
He was, in a way, inventing the sound that defined

00:14:10.279 --> 00:14:13.600
the early Stones. We talked about his modified

00:14:13.600 --> 00:14:15.940
Dallas tuxedo bass, but let's analyze the key

00:14:15.940 --> 00:14:18.620
elements of his signature tone. This is critical

00:14:18.620 --> 00:14:20.639
for understanding why the early Stones sounded

00:14:20.639 --> 00:14:23.200
so different from bands like The Beatles or The

00:14:23.200 --> 00:14:26.519
Who. Wyman's signature sound hinged on two core

00:14:26.519 --> 00:14:29.519
elements, the instrument's physical design and

00:14:29.519 --> 00:14:31.440
his technique. Okay, so start with the instrument.

00:14:31.600 --> 00:14:34.320
The Dallas Tuxedo was a 30 -inch short -scale

00:14:34.320 --> 00:14:36.820
bass. Why does that matter musically? Especially

00:14:36.820 --> 00:14:38.740
when compared to the standard instruments of

00:14:38.740 --> 00:14:40.559
the time, like a Fender Precision Bass, which

00:14:40.559 --> 00:14:43.159
were typically, what, 34 inches? Right. The short

00:14:43.159 --> 00:14:45.080
scale means the distance between the frets is

00:14:45.080 --> 00:14:47.340
smaller, which makes the strings looser and easier

00:14:47.340 --> 00:14:50.500
to bend. It gives the instrument a rounder, fatter,

00:14:50.580 --> 00:14:53.480
and slightly less articulate tone. So a deeper,

00:14:53.600 --> 00:14:56.700
warmer tone. Exactly. It was very different from

00:14:56.700 --> 00:14:59.159
the punchy, defined tone of a standard P -bass.

00:14:59.460 --> 00:15:02.759
But the crucial innovation, as we said, was removing

00:15:02.759 --> 00:15:05.639
the frets entirely. What's the sonic consequence

00:15:05.639 --> 00:15:09.019
of having a fretless bass in a 1960s rock and

00:15:09.019 --> 00:15:12.159
roll band? By removing the metal frets, he eliminated

00:15:12.159 --> 00:15:14.399
the sharp attack you get when a string hits metal.

00:15:14.740 --> 00:15:17.620
Instead, you get a smoother, more fluid, almost

00:15:17.620 --> 00:15:21.419
woody sustain. It mimics the deep resonance of

00:15:21.419 --> 00:15:24.120
an acoustic upright double bass, which was the

00:15:24.120 --> 00:15:25.840
instrument of choice in traditional American

00:15:25.840 --> 00:15:29.360
blues and jazz. So he was intentionally importing

00:15:29.360 --> 00:15:32.240
that traditional blues foundation into the electric

00:15:32.240 --> 00:15:35.039
rock format. Exactly. And this pairs perfectly

00:15:35.039 --> 00:15:36.720
with his technique, which was a walking bass

00:15:36.720 --> 00:15:39.419
style. Which is a melodic, often syncopated bass

00:15:39.419 --> 00:15:41.620
line, where the bassist plays a note on every

00:15:41.620 --> 00:15:44.519
beat. Right, often using passing tones to smoothly

00:15:44.519 --> 00:15:46.960
transition from one chord change to the next.

00:15:47.100 --> 00:15:48.879
So he wasn't playing aggressive, high -energy

00:15:48.879 --> 00:15:51.639
rock lines. He was providing this constant melodic

00:15:51.639 --> 00:15:54.340
movement underneath the song's structure. It

00:15:54.340 --> 00:15:57.820
creates rhythmic stability. Think of Willie Dixon,

00:15:57.960 --> 00:16:00.740
the legendary blues bassist and songwriter, or

00:16:00.740 --> 00:16:02.899
Ricky Fenson, who was prominent in the British

00:16:02.899 --> 00:16:06.259
R &amp;B scene. Wyman was directly inspired by them.

00:16:06.379 --> 00:16:09.600
I see. His walking bass style, delivered with

00:16:09.600 --> 00:16:12.720
that unique fretless thud, gave the early Stones

00:16:12.720 --> 00:16:17.059
that slinky, soulful R &amp;B groove that other emerging

00:16:17.059 --> 00:16:20.480
British rock acts, often utilizing standard fretted

00:16:20.480 --> 00:16:23.429
basses, just couldn't replicate. That technical

00:16:23.429 --> 00:16:25.889
insight explains so much. It wasn't a mistake.

00:16:26.049 --> 00:16:28.909
It was a carefully curated sound profile. It

00:16:28.909 --> 00:16:32.370
was. And even as the band's sound matured, he

00:16:32.370 --> 00:16:34.570
continued experimenting with short scale and

00:16:34.570 --> 00:16:37.049
unusual instruments. His arsenal was pretty eclectic,

00:16:37.049 --> 00:16:38.549
wasn't it? Oh, yeah. He quickly moved beyond

00:16:38.549 --> 00:16:41.009
the Dallas tuxedo, but he maintained that preference

00:16:41.009 --> 00:16:43.019
for the short scale. We see him use a famous

00:16:43.019 --> 00:16:45.419
star bass in other famous models. And he's famously

00:16:45.419 --> 00:16:47.799
associated with the distinctive Vox teardrop

00:16:47.799 --> 00:16:50.580
bass. A visually iconic instrument that later

00:16:50.580 --> 00:16:52.960
became a Bill Wyman signature model. He also

00:16:52.960 --> 00:16:55.000
played the Fender Mustang Bass, which is another

00:16:55.000 --> 00:16:57.399
short -scale classic, alongside more eccentric

00:16:57.399 --> 00:16:59.919
choices like the transparent Ampeg Dan Armstrong

00:16:59.919 --> 00:17:03.519
basses. A Gibson EB -3, and even a Travis Bean

00:17:03.519 --> 00:17:05.700
bass, which was known for its aluminum neck.

00:17:06.089 --> 00:17:08.150
He was always on the hunt for a unique sonic

00:17:08.150 --> 00:17:10.990
signature. He was. And this search continued

00:17:10.990 --> 00:17:13.130
right into the later years of his Stones tenure.

00:17:13.470 --> 00:17:16.609
The source notes that since the late 1980s, he

00:17:16.609 --> 00:17:19.309
largely settled on Steinberger basses. Headless,

00:17:19.309 --> 00:17:22.089
minimal design. Composite materials. Yeah. This

00:17:22.089 --> 00:17:24.730
proves he wasn't stuck in the 60s. He was consistently

00:17:24.730 --> 00:17:27.450
adopting the most advanced, often non -traditional,

00:17:27.569 --> 00:17:29.650
equipment available to achieve his preferred

00:17:29.650 --> 00:17:32.529
tone. And his influence is now permanently woven

00:17:32.529 --> 00:17:35.230
into the instrument manufacturing world. In 2011,

00:17:35.430 --> 00:17:37.730
the Bass Center in London honored him by issuing

00:17:37.730 --> 00:17:40.670
the Wyman Bass. Which was a factory -produced,

00:17:40.670 --> 00:17:43.130
fretted interpretation of that original homemade

00:17:43.130 --> 00:17:45.630
fretless bass. It's the ultimate acknowledgement

00:17:45.630 --> 00:17:48.190
of his foundational contribution. And his physical

00:17:48.190 --> 00:17:50.809
instruments are now considered invaluable artifacts.

00:17:51.230 --> 00:17:53.789
This brings us back to his chronicler role and

00:17:53.789 --> 00:17:56.630
its financial implications. Consider the astonishing

00:17:56.630 --> 00:18:01.170
auction result from 2020. His 1969 Fender Mustang

00:18:01.170 --> 00:18:05.710
Bass sold for $380 ,000. That is an unbelievable

00:18:05.710 --> 00:18:08.829
figure for a bass guitar. It was, at the time

00:18:08.829 --> 00:18:11.950
of sale, the highest price ever paid for a bass

00:18:11.950 --> 00:18:14.869
guitar at auction. Wow. And that price doesn't

00:18:14.869 --> 00:18:17.190
reflect the instrument's rarity as much as it

00:18:17.190 --> 00:18:19.250
reflects the historical weight of the man who

00:18:19.250 --> 00:18:22.559
wielded it. It's a tangible piece of this ability

00:18:22.559 --> 00:18:24.980
he provided during the stone's most productive

00:18:24.980 --> 00:18:27.519
era. He didn't just play bass. He designed the

00:18:27.519 --> 00:18:29.259
son of foundation for the early British invasion.

00:18:29.930 --> 00:18:32.630
So when Bill Wyman left the Rolling Stones in

00:18:32.630 --> 00:18:36.250
1993, he didn't just disappear into obscurity.

00:18:36.390 --> 00:18:39.289
Not at all. He shifted focus to an independent

00:18:39.289 --> 00:18:41.589
career that was already decades in the making.

00:18:41.710 --> 00:18:44.650
His main musical vehicle for two decades became

00:18:44.650 --> 00:18:46.789
Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings. The Rhythm Kings,

00:18:47.049 --> 00:18:50.750
formed in 1997 and active until 2018, were the

00:18:50.750 --> 00:18:53.490
perfect Post Stones project because they explicitly

00:18:53.490 --> 00:18:56.190
embodied his love for historical music. Right.

00:18:56.289 --> 00:18:58.190
They weren't trying to be a contemporary rock

00:18:58.190 --> 00:19:00.539
band. No, they focused. on covering and celebrating

00:19:00.539 --> 00:19:03.140
the deep roots of blues, soul, rock and roll,

00:19:03.180 --> 00:19:05.640
and jazz. And they were known for their fantastic,

00:19:06.099 --> 00:19:09.279
regularly rotating, cross -generational lineup

00:19:09.279 --> 00:19:12.519
of stellar musicians, which created a very different

00:19:12.519 --> 00:19:14.819
dynamic from the fixed high -tension structure

00:19:14.819 --> 00:19:17.359
of the Stones. It was much more collaborative

00:19:17.359 --> 00:19:20.660
and celebratory. The lineup often included musicians

00:19:20.660 --> 00:19:23.660
like Gary Brooker from Pro Call Harem, Georgie

00:19:23.660 --> 00:19:26.980
Fame, Albert Lee, Andy Fairweather Lowe. A real

00:19:26.980 --> 00:19:30.079
super group. It was less about ego and more about

00:19:30.079 --> 00:19:32.740
musicianship and respecting the heritage of the

00:19:32.740 --> 00:19:35.400
music. Although he was the band leader, he still

00:19:35.400 --> 00:19:38.460
preferred to stay behind the bass. However, the

00:19:38.460 --> 00:19:41.200
source notes he typically sang lead vocals on

00:19:41.200 --> 00:19:43.839
two specific covers in the Rhythm Kings setlist.

00:19:44.099 --> 00:19:46.759
Chuck Berry's You Never Can Tell. And predictably,

00:19:46.819 --> 00:19:50.539
the Stones' classic Honky Tonk Women. I imagine

00:19:50.539 --> 00:19:52.980
performing Honky Tonk Women as the lead singer

00:19:52.980 --> 00:19:55.559
gave him a chance to reinterpret the song he

00:19:55.559 --> 00:19:58.359
helped anger for decades. That's a lovely thought

00:19:58.359 --> 00:20:00.720
reclaiming a piece of his own history. Beyond

00:20:00.720 --> 00:20:02.880
the Rhythm Kings, we have to circle back to his

00:20:02.880 --> 00:20:04.940
philanthropic efforts. The Willie and the Poor

00:20:04.940 --> 00:20:08.369
Boys Project in 83. A massive undertaking. assembling

00:20:08.369 --> 00:20:10.829
a legendary rotating cask for the action research

00:20:10.829 --> 00:20:13.009
into multiple sclerosis benefit. And the roll

00:20:13.009 --> 00:20:15.250
call of contributors, it reads like a rock and

00:20:15.250 --> 00:20:18.289
roll Hall of Fame induction. Eric Clapton, Jeff

00:20:18.289 --> 00:20:21.690
Beck, Jimmy Page. That ability to organize and

00:20:21.690 --> 00:20:24.640
attract such high caliber talent. speaks to the

00:20:24.640 --> 00:20:27.279
quiet authority and immense respect Wyman held

00:20:27.279 --> 00:20:29.640
in the music community, separate from the Jagger

00:20:29.640 --> 00:20:31.559
-Richards sphere. He also continued appearing

00:20:31.559 --> 00:20:34.819
in historical reunion contexts, right? He filled

00:20:34.819 --> 00:20:37.539
in for Ronnie Lane in The Faces reunion in 2009.

00:20:37.980 --> 00:20:40.680
He did. And his participation in the 2011 Ian

00:20:40.680 --> 00:20:43.660
Stewart tribute album, Boogie for Stew, was particularly

00:20:43.660 --> 00:20:46.559
meaningful, as Ian Stewart was the Stones' original

00:20:46.559 --> 00:20:49.140
pianist and road manager. The sixth stone. The

00:20:49.140 --> 00:20:52.140
sixth stone. Wyman played on two tracks, including

00:20:52.140 --> 00:20:54.900
one recorded with the stones, reinforcing his

00:20:54.900 --> 00:20:57.380
status as a historical connector. Okay, let's

00:20:57.380 --> 00:20:59.420
turn to the pursuits that truly define him as

00:20:59.420 --> 00:21:01.799
a Renaissance man and show the depth of his character.

00:21:02.329 --> 00:21:04.769
We need to talk about his dual life as an amateur

00:21:04.769 --> 00:21:07.609
archaeologist and a noted photographer. His passion

00:21:07.609 --> 00:21:09.910
for archaeology and metal detecting is intense.

00:21:10.250 --> 00:21:12.869
It's more than a simple hobby. It's an intellectual

00:21:12.869 --> 00:21:15.829
pursuit. He spent countless hours on treasure

00:21:15.829 --> 00:21:18.089
detecting adventures across the British Isles,

00:21:18.089 --> 00:21:20.910
which resulted in his 2005 illustrated book,

00:21:21.069 --> 00:21:23.990
Treasure Islands, co -written with Richard Havers.

00:21:24.480 --> 00:21:27.700
That curiosity about finding, preserving, and

00:21:27.700 --> 00:21:30.660
documenting the past feels like a direct echo

00:21:30.660 --> 00:21:33.119
of his need to chronicle the stone's history.

00:21:33.319 --> 00:21:36.099
Is. He transitioned from documenting contemporary

00:21:36.099 --> 00:21:39.819
rock history to documenting ancient human history?

00:21:39.980 --> 00:21:42.490
It's the same compulsion. The meticulous search

00:21:42.490 --> 00:21:45.950
for evidence. And he turned this passion into

00:21:45.950 --> 00:21:48.910
a successful business. Selling Bill Wyman's signature

00:21:48.910 --> 00:21:52.029
metal detectors starting in 2007. Selling your

00:21:52.029 --> 00:21:54.049
own line of metal detectors while simultaneously

00:21:54.049 --> 00:21:56.869
playing blues with superstars is perhaps the

00:21:56.869 --> 00:21:59.150
ultimate example of the Bill Wyman duality. It

00:21:59.150 --> 00:22:01.750
really is. And his photography career is similarly

00:22:01.750 --> 00:22:04.509
dedicated and detailed. He's taken photographs

00:22:04.509 --> 00:22:07.250
throughout his entire life, documenting not only

00:22:07.250 --> 00:22:09.430
the Stone's career from the inside, but also

00:22:09.430 --> 00:22:11.880
his various artistic accomplishments. His photography

00:22:11.880 --> 00:22:14.920
work is of museum quality. In 2010, he launched

00:22:14.920 --> 00:22:16.980
a major retrospective exhibition in St. Paul

00:22:16.980 --> 00:22:19.019
de Vence, where he owns a residence in the south

00:22:19.019 --> 00:22:21.099
of France. And it featured these candid, intimate

00:22:21.099 --> 00:22:23.519
images of famous musical figures and artistic

00:22:23.519 --> 00:22:26.440
acquaintances, including the master painter Marc

00:22:26.440 --> 00:22:29.920
Chagall. And then a 2013 London exhibition featured

00:22:29.920 --> 00:22:32.579
selections of his images that were reworked by

00:22:32.579 --> 00:22:35.519
contemporary artists, including the famous political

00:22:35.519 --> 00:22:39.200
cartoonist Gerald Scarfe. This demonstrates that

00:22:39.200 --> 00:22:41.000
his work is taken seriously in the art world,

00:22:41.119 --> 00:22:43.640
not just as a rock star's sideline. It all feeds

00:22:43.640 --> 00:22:45.380
back into that obsession with documentation.

00:22:45.759 --> 00:22:48.819
His bibliography is evidence of this. It spans

00:22:48.819 --> 00:22:52.039
genres beyond just memoir. We see the historical

00:22:52.039 --> 00:22:54.299
memoir, Stone Alone, Rolling with the Stones,

00:22:54.559 --> 00:22:58.140
the musicology, Bill Wyman's Blues Odyssey, the

00:22:58.140 --> 00:23:00.779
historical hobby, Treasure Islands, and the artistic

00:23:00.779 --> 00:23:03.700
pursuit, Wyman Shoots Chagall. The uniqueness

00:23:03.700 --> 00:23:05.740
of Bill Wyman is that he was the quiet one who

00:23:05.740 --> 00:23:08.559
was also the most prolific. He cultivated this

00:23:08.559 --> 00:23:11.579
vibrant, intellectually stimulating life outside

00:23:11.579 --> 00:23:13.980
the main event, ensuring that his identity was

00:23:13.980 --> 00:23:16.240
never solely tied to his famous band. And that

00:23:16.240 --> 00:23:18.220
freedom is what allowed him to leave on his own

00:23:18.220 --> 00:23:20.559
terms. When we examine the personal chronicle,

00:23:20.619 --> 00:23:22.759
we find a character who was outwardly disciplined

00:23:22.759 --> 00:23:25.140
and stable. But whose private life was subject

00:23:25.140 --> 00:23:27.839
to some... Pretty high -profile drama. Absolutely.

00:23:28.279 --> 00:23:31.279
Wyman himself acknowledged this contrast, stating

00:23:31.279 --> 00:23:33.700
that while he was generally moderate in his use

00:23:33.700 --> 00:23:36.279
of alcohol and drugs compared to his bandmates,

00:23:36.539 --> 00:23:39.839
he admitted to becoming girl -mad. as a psychological

00:23:39.839 --> 00:23:42.920
crutch during the chaos of the 60s his first

00:23:42.920 --> 00:23:46.579
marriage was to diane corey from 1959 to 1969.

00:23:47.039 --> 00:23:50.619
they had one son stephen and that marriage overlapped

00:23:50.619 --> 00:23:53.660
with the very early intense years of stone's

00:23:53.660 --> 00:23:56.900
touring and his memoir stone alone includes an

00:23:56.900 --> 00:23:58.920
anecdote that perfectly captures the transient

00:23:58.920 --> 00:24:02.000
almost surreal nature of being a 60s rock star

00:24:02.299 --> 00:24:05.119
It's a story from Adelaide. Right. He recounted

00:24:05.119 --> 00:24:07.920
a brief relationship during the 1965 Far East

00:24:07.920 --> 00:24:10.799
tour in Adelaide, Australia. The following year,

00:24:10.859 --> 00:24:12.579
he learned the woman had become pregnant. And

00:24:12.579 --> 00:24:14.779
what was the outcome of that situation? The woman

00:24:14.779 --> 00:24:16.779
chose to move to New Zealand to raise their daughter

00:24:16.779 --> 00:24:19.839
privately, specifically to spare Wyman the hassle

00:24:19.839 --> 00:24:22.740
and attention. He respected her witches, noting

00:24:22.740 --> 00:24:25.039
in the 1990 edition of Stone Alone that he had

00:24:25.039 --> 00:24:27.259
not heard from them since. Which shows a certain

00:24:27.259 --> 00:24:29.460
distance and detachment that sometimes characterized

00:24:29.460 --> 00:24:31.640
the personal relationships of that time. It does.

00:24:31.759 --> 00:24:33.859
Then came the controversial chapter that dominated

00:24:33.859 --> 00:24:37.000
British tabloids. His relationship and subsequent

00:24:37.000 --> 00:24:39.480
marriage to Mandy Smith. He married Mandy Smith

00:24:39.480 --> 00:24:43.059
in 1989. The relationship was highly publicized

00:24:43.059 --> 00:24:46.819
due to the age gap. He was 52. She was 18. And

00:24:46.819 --> 00:24:49.099
they separated only two years later and divorced

00:24:49.099 --> 00:24:51.710
two years after that. And compounding the controversy

00:24:51.710 --> 00:24:54.789
was the sourced claim that their sexual relationship

00:24:54.789 --> 00:24:58.609
began when she was 14. This period remains the

00:24:58.609 --> 00:25:01.049
most scrutinized and difficult part of his personal

00:25:01.049 --> 00:25:04.170
history. But following that period, Wyman found

00:25:04.170 --> 00:25:06.210
the stability he seems to have always craved,

00:25:06.289 --> 00:25:09.130
marrying his third wife, model Susanna Costa,

00:25:09.430 --> 00:25:11.990
in April 1993. And they had already known each

00:25:11.990 --> 00:25:15.009
other for a long time. They met in 1980 and maintained

00:25:15.009 --> 00:25:16.890
a friendship until their relationship became

00:25:16.890 --> 00:25:18.750
romantic. They have three daughters together.

00:25:18.990 --> 00:25:20.869
This marriage marked the beginning of his independent

00:25:20.869 --> 00:25:23.190
life and his retirement from the Relentless Stones'

00:25:23.470 --> 00:25:26.740
touring schedule. It did. However, before we

00:25:26.740 --> 00:25:29.319
move on, we have to talk about the ultimate aha

00:25:29.319 --> 00:25:32.299
moment buried deep in his personal chronicle.

00:25:32.339 --> 00:25:34.039
The astonishing twist? The astonishing twist

00:25:34.039 --> 00:25:36.440
involving his son and his ex -wife's mother.

00:25:36.680 --> 00:25:40.339
This detail is truly mind -bending. A family

00:25:40.339 --> 00:25:43.599
structure so complex, it sounds like a sociological

00:25:43.599 --> 00:25:46.319
thought experiment. Tell us about the marriage

00:25:46.319 --> 00:25:49.980
that happened in 1993. Okay. In 1993, the same

00:25:49.980 --> 00:25:53.799
year, Wyman married Susanna Costa. His son, from

00:25:53.799 --> 00:25:56.200
his first marriage, Stephen Wyman, who was 30

00:25:56.200 --> 00:25:59.220
years old, married Patsy Smith, who was 46 years

00:25:59.220 --> 00:26:02.160
old. And crucially. Crucially, Patsy Smith was

00:26:02.160 --> 00:26:05.000
the mother of Wyman's ex -wife, Mandy Smith.

00:26:05.099 --> 00:26:07.519
Wait, so his son married his former mother -in

00:26:07.519 --> 00:26:09.559
-law? Precisely. Okay, my head is spinning. And

00:26:09.559 --> 00:26:12.079
if you try to trace the resulting legal and familial

00:26:12.079 --> 00:26:15.160
lines, the result is astonishing. Bill Wyman,

00:26:15.259 --> 00:26:18.039
the father, became his own son's ex -son -in

00:26:18.039 --> 00:26:20.289
-law. What? Furthermore, he became the father

00:26:20.289 --> 00:26:22.190
-in -law of his ex -mother -in -law, Patsy Smith,

00:26:22.369 --> 00:26:24.650
and, by extension, the step -grandfather of his

00:26:24.650 --> 00:26:27.269
ex -wife, Mandy Smith. That is genuinely absurd.

00:26:27.309 --> 00:26:29.670
It sounds like something only a meticulous chronicler

00:26:29.670 --> 00:26:31.470
could keep track of. It certainly proves that

00:26:31.470 --> 00:26:33.809
fact is stranger than fiction, especially when

00:26:33.809 --> 00:26:35.890
dealing with rock stars and their extended families.

00:26:36.150 --> 00:26:39.549
Wow. Let's shift to some of his less complicated

00:26:39.549 --> 00:26:42.269
but equally revealing personal interests and

00:26:42.269 --> 00:26:45.470
quirks. His sports fandom, for instance, is quite

00:26:45.470 --> 00:26:48.109
passionate. He is a lifelong supporter of Crystal

00:26:48.109 --> 00:26:51.690
Palace FC. The source provides a fantastic anecdote

00:26:51.690 --> 00:26:54.190
that speaks volumes about his priorities. Right.

00:26:54.269 --> 00:26:56.910
During the 1990 European tour with the Rolling

00:26:56.910 --> 00:26:59.869
Stones, he felt he needed to be in London. Instead

00:26:59.869 --> 00:27:02.960
of simply asking for time off. He feigned a toothache.

00:27:03.039 --> 00:27:05.339
Claiming he needed an emergency dental flight

00:27:05.339 --> 00:27:07.420
back to London. And what was the real emergency?

00:27:07.779 --> 00:27:10.259
He flew back to London specifically to watch

00:27:10.259 --> 00:27:13.259
Crystal Palace play at Wembley in the 1990 FA

00:27:13.259 --> 00:27:16.500
Cup final. That commitment, risking the ire of

00:27:16.500 --> 00:27:18.740
the Stones management and bandmates over a football

00:27:18.740 --> 00:27:21.660
match, shows how intensely he compartmentalized

00:27:21.660 --> 00:27:23.759
his personal life from his professional obligations.

00:27:24.259 --> 00:27:26.670
He's also a keen cricket enthusiast. admiring

00:27:26.670 --> 00:27:29.170
figures like Dennis Compton. The source even

00:27:29.170 --> 00:27:30.910
mentions he managed to take a hat -trick three

00:27:30.910 --> 00:27:33.690
wickets in three consecutive deliveries in a

00:27:33.690 --> 00:27:35.890
celebrity match at the Oval. This dedication

00:27:35.890 --> 00:27:38.269
to physical hobbies is paired with a focus on

00:27:38.269 --> 00:27:41.390
his health later in life. After 55 years of smoking,

00:27:41.549 --> 00:27:44.450
he finally quit in 2009. We also know that he

00:27:44.450 --> 00:27:47.279
was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2016. Though,

00:27:47.359 --> 00:27:49.880
thankfully, the prognosis was for full recovery.

00:27:50.039 --> 00:27:52.559
And finally, a detail that explains his eventual

00:27:52.559 --> 00:27:55.559
complete departure from touring, the development

00:27:55.559 --> 00:27:58.099
of a severe phobia. Around the time of the Steel

00:27:58.099 --> 00:28:00.900
Wheels tour in the late 80s, he developed a significant

00:28:00.900 --> 00:28:03.799
fear of flying. And for a musician in the world's

00:28:03.799 --> 00:28:06.920
biggest touring band, developing aerophobia is

00:28:06.920 --> 00:28:09.759
an insurmountable challenge. This phobia, coupled

00:28:09.759 --> 00:28:12.200
with his desire to pursue his other intellectual

00:28:12.200 --> 00:28:15.480
and artistic passions, provided the final logical

00:28:15.480 --> 00:28:18.220
push toward leaving the band. He simply couldn't

00:28:18.220 --> 00:28:20.740
sustain that life anymore. And his residences

00:28:20.740 --> 00:28:23.859
reflect his success and longevity. He owns Getting

00:28:23.859 --> 00:28:26.470
Hall. a remarkable country home in Suffolk that

00:28:26.470 --> 00:28:29.369
dates all the way back to 1458. Providing that

00:28:29.369 --> 00:28:31.690
grounded historical connection he craves. And

00:28:31.690 --> 00:28:33.730
he also maintains a residence in Saint -Paul

00:28:33.730 --> 00:28:35.849
-de -Vence in the south of France, where he is

00:28:35.849 --> 00:28:38.430
embedded in that local artistic community. It's

00:28:38.430 --> 00:28:41.150
the life of a Renaissance man. History, art,

00:28:41.329 --> 00:28:43.890
and stability, all anchored in physical places

00:28:43.890 --> 00:28:46.569
far removed from the global rock circus he spent

00:28:46.569 --> 00:28:49.730
31 years documenting. Despite leaving officially

00:28:49.730 --> 00:28:53.190
in 1993, Wyman's history with the Stones is so

00:28:53.190 --> 00:28:56.250
deep that total separation seems impossible.

00:28:56.849 --> 00:29:00.089
His reunion appearances, though rare, are always

00:29:00.089 --> 00:29:03.210
treated as massive events. The most high -profile

00:29:03.210 --> 00:29:05.970
appearances were the Rolling Stones' 50th anniversary

00:29:05.970 --> 00:29:09.450
shows in London and Newark in 2012. These shows

00:29:09.450 --> 00:29:12.450
were major historical moments. And while Daryl

00:29:12.450 --> 00:29:15.579
Jones played the bulk of the set, Wyman was expected

00:29:15.579 --> 00:29:18.460
to join the core members on stage. He did. He

00:29:18.460 --> 00:29:20.720
played two back to back songs at the London shows.

00:29:20.819 --> 00:29:22.740
It's only rock and roll, but I like it. And honky

00:29:22.740 --> 00:29:25.559
tonk women. It was a powerful, symbolic moment

00:29:25.559 --> 00:29:29.019
for the fans. But importantly, those cameos weren't

00:29:29.019 --> 00:29:32.150
a signal of a full time return. No. Wyman later

00:29:32.150 --> 00:29:34.509
stated quite clearly that he was simply not interested

00:29:34.509 --> 00:29:36.529
in joining the band for further tour dates in

00:29:36.529 --> 00:29:39.390
2013. He had moved past the rigorous touring

00:29:39.390 --> 00:29:41.730
schedule and was content prioritizing his Rhythm

00:29:41.730 --> 00:29:44.230
Kings and other pursuits. That independence is

00:29:44.230 --> 00:29:46.670
consistent, but it makes his return to the studio

00:29:46.670 --> 00:29:49.430
in 2023 for the Hackney Diamonds album all the

00:29:49.430 --> 00:29:52.349
more significant. It's a huge moment. Wyman briefly

00:29:52.349 --> 00:29:54.509
returned to recording with his former bandmates,

00:29:54.650 --> 00:29:58.109
playing bass on one specific track, Live by the

00:29:58.109 --> 00:30:00.700
Sword. This wasn't just a nostalgic gesture,

00:30:00.839 --> 00:30:03.460
was it? Not at all. It was the band deliberately

00:30:03.460 --> 00:30:05.720
utilizing the talents and historical connection

00:30:05.720 --> 00:30:08.299
of their original anchor. And this marks his

00:30:08.299 --> 00:30:10.599
first appearance on a Rolling Stones studio recording

00:30:10.599 --> 00:30:14.920
since 1991. 32 years. The decision by Jagger

00:30:14.920 --> 00:30:17.500
and Richards to call him back. 32 years after

00:30:17.500 --> 00:30:20.160
he left, confirms that he isn't just an ex -member.

00:30:20.359 --> 00:30:23.079
He is an honored veteran whose sound and presence

00:30:23.079 --> 00:30:25.660
can still be utilized for historical milestones.

00:30:25.960 --> 00:30:28.460
It cements his unique status. He can dip in and

00:30:28.460 --> 00:30:30.819
out on his own terms. He retains the historical

00:30:30.819 --> 00:30:32.700
connection without the professional obligation.

00:30:33.259 --> 00:30:35.359
And the fact that he continues to create new

00:30:35.359 --> 00:30:38.259
music independently reinforces that preference

00:30:38.259 --> 00:30:41.579
for autonomy. Indeed. We should note his latest

00:30:41.579 --> 00:30:44.099
solo album, Drive My Car, which was released

00:30:44.099 --> 00:30:47.539
in August 2024. This means that at an advanced

00:30:47.539 --> 00:30:50.480
age, he is still actively creating, writing,

00:30:50.599 --> 00:30:53.440
and releasing music under his own name. Parallel

00:30:53.440 --> 00:30:55.440
to making these selective guest appearances with

00:30:55.440 --> 00:30:58.119
the Stones. So the synthesis here is clear. Bill

00:30:58.119 --> 00:31:00.960
Lyman managed to negotiate the impossible. He

00:31:00.960 --> 00:31:02.839
spent over 30 years anchoring one of the most

00:31:02.839 --> 00:31:05.799
demanding jobs in music history, yet never lost

00:31:05.799 --> 00:31:08.910
his core identity. He maintains an enduring connection

00:31:08.910 --> 00:31:11.650
to the Stones for historical moments, as evidenced

00:31:11.650 --> 00:31:13.990
by Hackney Diamonds. But by prioritizing the

00:31:13.990 --> 00:31:16.170
Rhythm Kings, his photography, his writing, and

00:31:16.170 --> 00:31:18.890
his new solo work, he ensured that he left on

00:31:18.890 --> 00:31:22.410
his own terms and set a high standard for a musically

00:31:22.410 --> 00:31:25.029
and intellectually vibrant post -Stones life.

00:31:25.329 --> 00:31:27.829
Yeah. This deep dive into Bill Wyman reveals

00:31:27.829 --> 00:31:31.289
a fascinating paradox. He was the steadfast,

00:31:31.490 --> 00:31:33.950
innovative bass player, the one who modified

00:31:33.950 --> 00:31:36.430
his fretless instrument to define the early...

00:31:36.430 --> 00:31:39.250
Stone's deep R &amp;B groove. And provided the crucial

00:31:39.250 --> 00:31:41.769
anchor against the chaos. And he was simultaneously

00:31:41.769 --> 00:31:45.309
the hyper -aware, meticulous chronicler, a respected

00:31:45.309 --> 00:31:47.609
photographer, a published author, and an amateur

00:31:47.609 --> 00:31:50.130
archaeologist who literally sought out and documented

00:31:50.130 --> 00:31:53.089
history, ensuring that his life and the history

00:31:53.089 --> 00:31:55.650
of the world's biggest band was archived with

00:31:55.650 --> 00:31:58.089
painstaking detail in his journals. He defined

00:31:58.089 --> 00:32:00.470
stability in the eye of the storm. We've explored

00:32:00.470 --> 00:32:02.710
the man who, despite being the oldest and the

00:32:02.710 --> 00:32:05.269
quietest member, held one of the most unique

00:32:05.269 --> 00:32:07.509
and valuable perspectives on the biggest rock

00:32:07.509 --> 00:32:10.789
band in the world. He was the anchor, the witness,

00:32:11.049 --> 00:32:14.089
and the quiet revolutionary who ensured the most

00:32:14.089 --> 00:32:16.529
important song of their career ever saw the light

00:32:16.529 --> 00:32:18.890
of day. So we want to leave you with this final

00:32:18.890 --> 00:32:22.089
provocative thought drawn directly from our source

00:32:22.089 --> 00:32:25.490
material. Given that Bill Wyman possessed the

00:32:25.490 --> 00:32:27.910
most comprehensive personal records of the Rolling

00:32:27.910 --> 00:32:31.089
Stones' history and was instrumental in pushing

00:32:31.089 --> 00:32:33.990
for the release of I Can't Get No Satisfaction

00:32:33.990 --> 00:32:37.549
against the wishes of the core songwriters, what

00:32:37.549 --> 00:32:39.650
other crucial band -defining moments throughout

00:32:39.650 --> 00:32:41.910
rock history might have been decided not by the

00:32:41.910 --> 00:32:44.289
spotlight -hogging frontman, but by the thoughtful,

00:32:44.430 --> 00:32:46.809
disciplined historian keeping score and providing

00:32:46.809 --> 00:32:49.109
stability in the background? The ultimate value

00:32:49.109 --> 00:32:51.650
of the perpetual witness. The man with the diary.

00:32:52.140 --> 00:32:54.220
and the homemade bass. It's a history lesson

00:32:54.220 --> 00:32:55.319
we are perhaps still learning.
