Welcome to What You Didn't Hear, the podcast
where we take a look back through history on
specific days to find the events that were less
known or didn't make the front page. I'm sure
you know that in 1989 the Berlin Wall destruction
began on November 9th, but did you know November
9th is also the first time the Mayflower sighted
Cape Cod in 1620? Today, we will be exploring
events just like those on November 19th. So sit
back, relax, and learn some historical factoids.
November 19th is the day that Abraham Lincoln
delivered his famous Gettysburg Address in 1863.
But now let's rewind all the way back to 461
and work forward from there. In 461, St. Hilary
begins his reign as Pope. A brief century later,
in 578, Kakchan Yopat becomes the 11th ruler
of the Mayan city of Copan at the age of 15 and
would rule for 49 years. In the middle of the
Kamakura period of Japan, under Emperor Kameyama,
the Mongols invade Japan under the command of
Koblikan. After landing in Hakata Bay on November
19th in 1274, the estimated 3 ,000 Yuan forces
stormed the beach and drove back the defending
Japanese army of 6 ,000. A quote from Hachiman
Gudokun in Science and Civilization in China,
Volume 7, The Gunpowder Epic. the commanding
general kept his position on high ground and
directed the various detachments as need be with
signals from hand -drums but whenever the mongol
soldiers took to flight they sent iron bomb -shells
flying against us which made our side dizzy and
confused our soldiers were frightened out of
their wits by the thundering explosions their
eyes were blinded their ears deafened so that
they could hardly distinguish east from west
according to our manner of fighting we must first
call out by name some one from the enemy ranks
and then attack in single combat but the mongols
took no notice at all of such conventions they
rushed forward all together in a mass grappling
with any individual they could catch and killing
them the invasions were one of the earliest cases
of gunpowder warfare outside of china One of
the most notable technological inventions during
the war was the use of explosive hand -thrown
bombs. The battle lasted only a day, with the
Japanese defense losing a third of its ranks
in the carnage. The Japanese retreated and prepared
to make a last stand at Mizuki. However, the
Yuan attack never came. It was reported that
the winds reversed suddenly, and a typhoon ravaged
the Mongol fleet. An excerpt from The History
of Yuan. A great storm arose, and many warships
were dashed on the rocks and destroyed. The Japanese
referred to this as the kamikaze, which means
divine winds. Casualty reports suggested that
200 ships were lost, and 13 .5 thousand of the
30 thousand invasion force did not survive the
storm. In 1493, Christopher Columbus first reaches
Puerto Rico on his second voyage to the Caribbean.
yvon the terrible son passes away november nineteenth
in fifteen eighty one three days earlier yvon
the terrible had attacked his son striking him
over the head the event was the inspiration for
the incredible painting yvon the terrible and
his son yvon by russian painter ilya repin thirty
-nine years later on the east coast of current
-day united states the mayflower reaches cape
cod in on november twenty first the mayflower
dropped anchor and the estimated one hundred
and thirty five pilgrims made their way ashore
to settle the colony of plymouth it was originally
intended that their arrival would happen in early
october however due to complications the mayflower
was delayed landing so late in the season meant
the settlers had no time to prepare for the coming
winter during the first winter all but fifty
-three pilgrims would pass away The 53 remaining
settlers' survival is credited to the Wampanoag
Native American tribe, who taught them food gathering
and survival skills. The following year, the
53 surviving members celebrated the colony's
first fall harvest, along with 90 Wampanoag tribe
members. This event would be declared centuries
later as the first Thanksgiving. More on this
subject later this month. prior to disembarking
from the mayflower the settlers had signed the
mayflower compact the new plymouth agreement
or the mayflower compact has become known as
the foundation of liberty based on law and order
and it served as the first governing document
of the plymouth colony now let's stay in the
united states but skip forward a couple hundred
years to eighteen o five when the lewis and clark
expedition first reached the pacific ocean this
made them the first european americans to cross
the west guided by their interpreter sacajawea
early spring eighteen o four the corps of discovery
set out from camp wood illinois under the command
of meriwether lewis and his second lieutenant
william clark traveling north up the missouri
river the expedition made it to north dakota
and built fort mandan to winter over in early
april of eighteen o five they continued their
expedition which is when sacajawea joined the
expedition as their guide and interpreter by
mid -november the expedition first spotted the
pacific ocean and reached the mouth of the columbia
river on reported november nineteenth the location
that they reached is today known as cape disappointment
in washington state if you ever wake up and find
yourself in long beach washington or astoria
oregon you should really visit the cape disappointment
state park explore the lighthouses and learn
how it earned its name arriving in mid -november
to what william clark described as a dismal niche
the expedition moved to the south side of the
columbia river and inland a ways before constructing
fort clatsop the winter proved harsh food storage
ran dangerously low as the elk had retreated
higher into the mountains to avoid coastal storms
and the men were stricken with influenza at this
point in the expedition the corps of discovery
did not have enough currency to purchase surplus
food from the chinook tribe that winter meriwether
lewis took the opportunity to catch up on his
journaling and writing about his discoveries
along the way to the pacific ocean in late march
the following year the expedition would set out
from fort clatsop and make their journey back
arriving in st louis in september of eighteen
o six in music history composer franz schubert's
symphony number four premieres in leipzig in
eighteen forty nine more than twenty years after
his death schubert added the label tragic to
his symphony some time after completing it when
he was nineteen years old There's no known reason
for why he labeled his fourth symphony this,
but it should be noted that it is one of only
two symphonies Franz Schubert wrote in a minor
key, this one being written in C minor D, and
the full performance taking about 30 minutes
from start to finish. It is a good listen. Whenever
I'm writing these episodes, I stumble across
some classical music history, and I immediately
turn it on to listen to it while I write. Twenty
years later, Hudson Bay Company signs the deed
to transfer of Prince Rupert's land, 3 .9 million
square kilometers, to the British Crown, who
then cedes it to Canada for 300 ,000 euros, or
1 .5 million dollars. In New York City, 1873,
William Meagher Tweed, or Boss Tweed, was convicted
of defrauding the city of 6 million dollars and
sentenced to 12 years imprisonment. at the height
of his influence tweed was the third largest
landowner in new york city a director of the
erie railroad a director of the tenth national
bank a director of the new york printing company
the proprietor of the metropolitan hotel a significant
stockholder in iron mines and gas companies a
board member in the harlem gas light company
a board member of the third avenue railway company
a board member of the brooklyn bridge company
and the president of the guardian savings bank
tweed was allowed home visits during one of his
imprisonments and while on one of his home visits
he fled to spain where he worked as a common
sailor the u s government discovered his whereabouts
and arranged for his arrest when he reached the
spanish border he was turned over to an american
warship and delivered back to new york in eighteen
seventy six in spring of eighteen seventy eight
while in prison baas tweed would succumb to pneumonia
and pass away in sports news in nineteen o six
on november nineteenth london is selected to
host the nineteen o eight olympics ten years
later in film history samuel goldfish edgar and
archibald establish Hollywood's Goldwyn Pictures.
Goldfish later changes his name to Goldwyn. Staying
on the topic of film history, in 1959, on November
19th, the first episode of Jay Ward's cartoon
series Rocky and His Friends, featuring Rocket
Jay Squirrel and Bullwinkle Jay Moose, airs on
ABC. Rocky and Bullwinkle would run from 1959
to 1964, making five seasons and 163 episodes.
Now for this next one. In 1965, what I would
consider to be a historical event of great significance,
Kellogg's Pop -Tarts Pastries are created. Honestly,
I should stop the podcast here. I can't think
of another event occurring on November 19th that
holds greater importance than Pop -Tarts creation.
But, with or without Pop -Tarts, history moves
on. And in 1969, Apollo 12's Charles Conrad and
Alan Bean become the third and fourth humans
to walk on the moon. Side note, Pop -Tarts would
make great space food. Moving back into film
history, on this day in 1975, film adaptation
of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, based on
stage adaptation of a novel by Ken Kesey, directed
by Milos Forman, and starring Jack Nicholson
and Louise Fletcher, is released. The movie would
win the Academy Awards Best Picture in 1976.
U .S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader
Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time on
November 19, 1985, in Geneva, Switzerland. It
was the first meeting between the two leaders
and the first American -Soviet summit in over
six years. The primary topics were the nuclear
arms race, particularly the Strategic Defense
Initiative, and the possibility of reducing nuclear
weapons. the leaders established a personal rapport
which was a positive development for future talks
they agreed to accelerate negotiations on nuclear
and space arms aiming to prevent an arms race
in space and terminate it on earth a joint statement
was released expressing the satisfaction with
the summit and setting the stage for future agreements
gorbachev was invited to visit the united states
the following year and with that event We will
end this portion of today's episode of What You
Didn't Hear. That way we can move on to everyone's
favorite dating game show. Welcome to Blind Date
Through Time, the only dating show where we travel
back through history to find a timeless romance.
Here is this week's mystery dating profile. Profile
name, The Northern Empress. I rule hearts the
way I rule empires. With vision, intellect, and
just the right touch of scandal. A lover of books,
art, and power plays. I'm fluent in French diplomacy,
Russian politics, and the language of persuasion.
They call me The Great, but I'd rather you discover
why for yourself. Interested in enlightened conversation.
Voltaire is a friend, not a deal breaker. modernizing
old systems political or personal midnight rides
through the countryside and turning chaos into
order one reform or rendezvous at a time my secret
i didn't inherit my crown i took it looking for
some one unafraid of ambition a partner who can
match my intellect challenge my ideals and survive
the occasional palace intrigue Must appreciate
art, loyalty, and the finer uses of power. Bonus
points if you can debate Rousseau without losing
your head. Do you think you know who this week's
mystery dating profile belongs to? And that is
all I have for you today. Thank you for listening
to What You Didn't Hear on November 19th. I hope
you learned something new, and now you can go
impress all your friends with your lesser -known
historical knowledge. Please leave a review on
the podcast and share with your friends. Connect
with me on social media. Links can be found in
the episode description. Until next time, I'm
Zane Gould, and this is What You Didn't Hear.