WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.459 Welcome to What You Didn't Hear, the podcast 00:00:02.459 --> 00:00:04.759 where we take a look back through history on 00:00:04.759 --> 00:00:07.700 specific days to find the events that were less 00:00:07.700 --> 00:00:10.839 known or didn't make the front page. I'm sure 00:00:10.839 --> 00:00:13.400 you know that in 1989 the Berlin Wall destruction 00:00:13.400 --> 00:00:16.539 began on November 9th, but did you know November 00:00:16.539 --> 00:00:19.500 9th is also the first time the Mayflower sighted 00:00:19.500 --> 00:00:24.260 Cape Cod in 1620? Today, we will be exploring 00:00:24.260 --> 00:00:27.460 events just like those on November 19th. So sit 00:00:27.460 --> 00:00:30.679 back, relax, and learn some historical factoids. 00:01:01.130 --> 00:01:03.789 November 19th is the day that Abraham Lincoln 00:01:03.789 --> 00:01:07.569 delivered his famous Gettysburg Address in 1863. 00:01:07.909 --> 00:01:11.269 But now let's rewind all the way back to 461 00:01:11.269 --> 00:01:15.310 and work forward from there. In 461, St. Hilary 00:01:15.310 --> 00:01:18.930 begins his reign as Pope. A brief century later, 00:01:19.030 --> 00:01:23.629 in 578, Kakchan Yopat becomes the 11th ruler 00:01:23.629 --> 00:01:27.590 of the Mayan city of Copan at the age of 15 and 00:01:27.590 --> 00:01:32.060 would rule for 49 years. In the middle of the 00:01:32.060 --> 00:01:35.359 Kamakura period of Japan, under Emperor Kameyama, 00:01:35.620 --> 00:01:38.420 the Mongols invade Japan under the command of 00:01:38.420 --> 00:01:42.140 Koblikan. After landing in Hakata Bay on November 00:01:42.140 --> 00:01:47.519 19th in 1274, the estimated 3 ,000 Yuan forces 00:01:47.519 --> 00:01:50.340 stormed the beach and drove back the defending 00:01:50.340 --> 00:01:53.719 Japanese army of 6 ,000. A quote from Hachiman 00:01:53.719 --> 00:01:56.500 Gudokun in Science and Civilization in China, 00:01:56.700 --> 00:02:00.359 Volume 7, The Gunpowder Epic. the commanding 00:02:00.359 --> 00:02:02.780 general kept his position on high ground and 00:02:02.780 --> 00:02:05.760 directed the various detachments as need be with 00:02:05.760 --> 00:02:08.659 signals from hand -drums but whenever the mongol 00:02:08.659 --> 00:02:11.879 soldiers took to flight they sent iron bomb -shells 00:02:11.879 --> 00:02:15.340 flying against us which made our side dizzy and 00:02:15.340 --> 00:02:18.199 confused our soldiers were frightened out of 00:02:18.199 --> 00:02:21.659 their wits by the thundering explosions their 00:02:21.659 --> 00:02:24.240 eyes were blinded their ears deafened so that 00:02:24.240 --> 00:02:26.419 they could hardly distinguish east from west 00:02:27.020 --> 00:02:29.460 according to our manner of fighting we must first 00:02:29.460 --> 00:02:31.860 call out by name some one from the enemy ranks 00:02:31.860 --> 00:02:35.699 and then attack in single combat but the mongols 00:02:35.699 --> 00:02:38.819 took no notice at all of such conventions they 00:02:38.819 --> 00:02:41.780 rushed forward all together in a mass grappling 00:02:41.780 --> 00:02:44.319 with any individual they could catch and killing 00:02:44.319 --> 00:02:47.379 them the invasions were one of the earliest cases 00:02:47.379 --> 00:02:50.699 of gunpowder warfare outside of china One of 00:02:50.699 --> 00:02:53.560 the most notable technological inventions during 00:02:53.560 --> 00:02:56.259 the war was the use of explosive hand -thrown 00:02:56.259 --> 00:02:59.719 bombs. The battle lasted only a day, with the 00:02:59.719 --> 00:03:02.039 Japanese defense losing a third of its ranks 00:03:02.039 --> 00:03:05.259 in the carnage. The Japanese retreated and prepared 00:03:05.259 --> 00:03:08.800 to make a last stand at Mizuki. However, the 00:03:08.800 --> 00:03:11.919 Yuan attack never came. It was reported that 00:03:11.919 --> 00:03:15.419 the winds reversed suddenly, and a typhoon ravaged 00:03:15.419 --> 00:03:18.199 the Mongol fleet. An excerpt from The History 00:03:18.199 --> 00:03:21.620 of Yuan. A great storm arose, and many warships 00:03:21.620 --> 00:03:25.039 were dashed on the rocks and destroyed. The Japanese 00:03:25.039 --> 00:03:27.699 referred to this as the kamikaze, which means 00:03:27.699 --> 00:03:31.659 divine winds. Casualty reports suggested that 00:03:31.659 --> 00:03:35.900 200 ships were lost, and 13 .5 thousand of the 00:03:35.900 --> 00:03:39.219 30 thousand invasion force did not survive the 00:03:39.219 --> 00:03:45.120 storm. In 1493, Christopher Columbus first reaches 00:03:45.120 --> 00:03:47.719 Puerto Rico on his second voyage to the Caribbean. 00:03:48.650 --> 00:03:52.509 yvon the terrible son passes away november nineteenth 00:03:52.509 --> 00:03:55.969 in fifteen eighty one three days earlier yvon 00:03:55.969 --> 00:03:58.389 the terrible had attacked his son striking him 00:03:58.389 --> 00:04:01.930 over the head the event was the inspiration for 00:04:01.930 --> 00:04:04.810 the incredible painting yvon the terrible and 00:04:04.810 --> 00:04:10.330 his son yvon by russian painter ilya repin thirty 00:04:10.330 --> 00:04:12.930 -nine years later on the east coast of current 00:04:12.930 --> 00:04:15.750 -day united states the mayflower reaches cape 00:04:15.750 --> 00:04:20.329 cod in on november twenty first the mayflower 00:04:20.329 --> 00:04:22.490 dropped anchor and the estimated one hundred 00:04:22.490 --> 00:04:25.149 and thirty five pilgrims made their way ashore 00:04:25.149 --> 00:04:28.329 to settle the colony of plymouth it was originally 00:04:28.329 --> 00:04:31.089 intended that their arrival would happen in early 00:04:31.089 --> 00:04:34.790 october however due to complications the mayflower 00:04:34.790 --> 00:04:37.970 was delayed landing so late in the season meant 00:04:37.970 --> 00:04:40.209 the settlers had no time to prepare for the coming 00:04:40.209 --> 00:04:43.889 winter during the first winter all but fifty 00:04:43.889 --> 00:04:47.240 -three pilgrims would pass away The 53 remaining 00:04:47.240 --> 00:04:50.480 settlers' survival is credited to the Wampanoag 00:04:50.480 --> 00:04:53.319 Native American tribe, who taught them food gathering 00:04:53.319 --> 00:04:56.720 and survival skills. The following year, the 00:04:56.720 --> 00:04:59.600 53 surviving members celebrated the colony's 00:04:59.600 --> 00:05:03.620 first fall harvest, along with 90 Wampanoag tribe 00:05:03.620 --> 00:05:06.259 members. This event would be declared centuries 00:05:06.259 --> 00:05:09.439 later as the first Thanksgiving. More on this 00:05:09.439 --> 00:05:13.410 subject later this month. prior to disembarking 00:05:13.410 --> 00:05:15.870 from the mayflower the settlers had signed the 00:05:15.870 --> 00:05:19.009 mayflower compact the new plymouth agreement 00:05:19.009 --> 00:05:22.170 or the mayflower compact has become known as 00:05:22.170 --> 00:05:25.129 the foundation of liberty based on law and order 00:05:25.129 --> 00:05:27.949 and it served as the first governing document 00:05:27.949 --> 00:05:31.930 of the plymouth colony now let's stay in the 00:05:31.930 --> 00:05:34.029 united states but skip forward a couple hundred 00:05:34.029 --> 00:05:37.209 years to eighteen o five when the lewis and clark 00:05:37.209 --> 00:05:40.910 expedition first reached the pacific ocean this 00:05:40.910 --> 00:05:43.550 made them the first european americans to cross 00:05:43.550 --> 00:05:46.350 the west guided by their interpreter sacajawea 00:05:46.350 --> 00:05:50.149 early spring eighteen o four the corps of discovery 00:05:50.149 --> 00:05:52.850 set out from camp wood illinois under the command 00:05:52.850 --> 00:05:55.089 of meriwether lewis and his second lieutenant 00:05:55.089 --> 00:05:59.269 william clark traveling north up the missouri 00:05:59.269 --> 00:06:01.750 river the expedition made it to north dakota 00:06:01.750 --> 00:06:05.350 and built fort mandan to winter over in early 00:06:05.350 --> 00:06:07.529 april of eighteen o five they continued their 00:06:07.529 --> 00:06:10.569 expedition which is when sacajawea joined the 00:06:10.569 --> 00:06:14.050 expedition as their guide and interpreter by 00:06:14.050 --> 00:06:17.310 mid -november the expedition first spotted the 00:06:17.310 --> 00:06:20.509 pacific ocean and reached the mouth of the columbia 00:06:20.509 --> 00:06:24.649 river on reported november nineteenth the location 00:06:24.649 --> 00:06:26.990 that they reached is today known as cape disappointment 00:06:26.990 --> 00:06:30.720 in washington state if you ever wake up and find 00:06:30.720 --> 00:06:33.319 yourself in long beach washington or astoria 00:06:33.319 --> 00:06:35.879 oregon you should really visit the cape disappointment 00:06:35.879 --> 00:06:39.040 state park explore the lighthouses and learn 00:06:39.040 --> 00:06:42.560 how it earned its name arriving in mid -november 00:06:42.560 --> 00:06:45.639 to what william clark described as a dismal niche 00:06:45.639 --> 00:06:48.339 the expedition moved to the south side of the 00:06:48.339 --> 00:06:51.500 columbia river and inland a ways before constructing 00:06:51.500 --> 00:06:55.769 fort clatsop the winter proved harsh food storage 00:06:55.769 --> 00:06:58.910 ran dangerously low as the elk had retreated 00:06:58.910 --> 00:07:01.430 higher into the mountains to avoid coastal storms 00:07:01.430 --> 00:07:05.230 and the men were stricken with influenza at this 00:07:05.230 --> 00:07:07.389 point in the expedition the corps of discovery 00:07:07.389 --> 00:07:09.529 did not have enough currency to purchase surplus 00:07:09.529 --> 00:07:12.829 food from the chinook tribe that winter meriwether 00:07:12.829 --> 00:07:15.230 lewis took the opportunity to catch up on his 00:07:15.230 --> 00:07:17.410 journaling and writing about his discoveries 00:07:17.410 --> 00:07:21.050 along the way to the pacific ocean in late march 00:07:21.050 --> 00:07:23.529 the following year the expedition would set out 00:07:23.529 --> 00:07:25.889 from fort clatsop and make their journey back 00:07:25.889 --> 00:07:29.050 arriving in st louis in september of eighteen 00:07:29.050 --> 00:07:35.329 o six in music history composer franz schubert's 00:07:35.329 --> 00:07:38.449 symphony number four premieres in leipzig in 00:07:38.449 --> 00:07:41.149 eighteen forty nine more than twenty years after 00:07:41.149 --> 00:07:44.250 his death schubert added the label tragic to 00:07:44.250 --> 00:07:46.610 his symphony some time after completing it when 00:07:46.610 --> 00:07:49.230 he was nineteen years old There's no known reason 00:07:49.230 --> 00:07:51.550 for why he labeled his fourth symphony this, 00:07:51.709 --> 00:07:54.490 but it should be noted that it is one of only 00:07:54.490 --> 00:07:57.430 two symphonies Franz Schubert wrote in a minor 00:07:57.430 --> 00:08:01.009 key, this one being written in C minor D, and 00:08:01.009 --> 00:08:02.970 the full performance taking about 30 minutes 00:08:02.970 --> 00:08:05.990 from start to finish. It is a good listen. Whenever 00:08:05.990 --> 00:08:07.949 I'm writing these episodes, I stumble across 00:08:07.949 --> 00:08:10.410 some classical music history, and I immediately 00:08:10.410 --> 00:08:15.009 turn it on to listen to it while I write. Twenty 00:08:15.009 --> 00:08:17.649 years later, Hudson Bay Company signs the deed 00:08:17.649 --> 00:08:21.790 to transfer of Prince Rupert's land, 3 .9 million 00:08:21.790 --> 00:08:25.089 square kilometers, to the British Crown, who 00:08:25.089 --> 00:08:28.610 then cedes it to Canada for 300 ,000 euros, or 00:08:28.610 --> 00:08:35.210 1 .5 million dollars. In New York City, 1873, 00:08:35.649 --> 00:08:39.350 William Meagher Tweed, or Boss Tweed, was convicted 00:08:39.350 --> 00:08:41.830 of defrauding the city of 6 million dollars and 00:08:41.830 --> 00:08:44.940 sentenced to 12 years imprisonment. at the height 00:08:44.940 --> 00:08:47.220 of his influence tweed was the third largest 00:08:47.220 --> 00:08:50.159 landowner in new york city a director of the 00:08:50.159 --> 00:08:52.840 erie railroad a director of the tenth national 00:08:52.840 --> 00:08:55.600 bank a director of the new york printing company 00:08:55.600 --> 00:08:59.379 the proprietor of the metropolitan hotel a significant 00:08:59.379 --> 00:09:03.080 stockholder in iron mines and gas companies a 00:09:03.080 --> 00:09:05.220 board member in the harlem gas light company 00:09:05.220 --> 00:09:08.460 a board member of the third avenue railway company 00:09:08.460 --> 00:09:11.200 a board member of the brooklyn bridge company 00:09:11.200 --> 00:09:14.279 and the president of the guardian savings bank 00:09:14.279 --> 00:09:17.580 tweed was allowed home visits during one of his 00:09:17.580 --> 00:09:20.779 imprisonments and while on one of his home visits 00:09:20.779 --> 00:09:23.100 he fled to spain where he worked as a common 00:09:23.100 --> 00:09:26.340 sailor the u s government discovered his whereabouts 00:09:26.340 --> 00:09:28.600 and arranged for his arrest when he reached the 00:09:28.600 --> 00:09:31.679 spanish border he was turned over to an american 00:09:31.679 --> 00:09:34.120 warship and delivered back to new york in eighteen 00:09:34.120 --> 00:09:37.700 seventy six in spring of eighteen seventy eight 00:09:37.700 --> 00:09:40.200 while in prison baas tweed would succumb to pneumonia 00:09:40.200 --> 00:09:45.440 and pass away in sports news in nineteen o six 00:09:45.440 --> 00:09:47.960 on november nineteenth london is selected to 00:09:47.960 --> 00:09:52.039 host the nineteen o eight olympics ten years 00:09:52.039 --> 00:09:55.740 later in film history samuel goldfish edgar and 00:09:55.740 --> 00:09:59.720 archibald establish Hollywood's Goldwyn Pictures. 00:10:00.299 --> 00:10:04.519 Goldfish later changes his name to Goldwyn. Staying 00:10:04.519 --> 00:10:08.340 on the topic of film history, in 1959, on November 00:10:08.340 --> 00:10:11.539 19th, the first episode of Jay Ward's cartoon 00:10:11.539 --> 00:10:15.000 series Rocky and His Friends, featuring Rocket 00:10:15.000 --> 00:10:18.639 Jay Squirrel and Bullwinkle Jay Moose, airs on 00:10:18.639 --> 00:10:22.509 ABC. Rocky and Bullwinkle would run from 1959 00:10:22.509 --> 00:10:28.009 to 1964, making five seasons and 163 episodes. 00:10:30.470 --> 00:10:33.970 Now for this next one. In 1965, what I would 00:10:33.970 --> 00:10:36.669 consider to be a historical event of great significance, 00:10:37.330 --> 00:10:40.830 Kellogg's Pop -Tarts Pastries are created. Honestly, 00:10:40.970 --> 00:10:43.330 I should stop the podcast here. I can't think 00:10:43.330 --> 00:10:45.669 of another event occurring on November 19th that 00:10:45.669 --> 00:10:48.009 holds greater importance than Pop -Tarts creation. 00:10:48.899 --> 00:10:51.399 But, with or without Pop -Tarts, history moves 00:10:51.399 --> 00:10:55.899 on. And in 1969, Apollo 12's Charles Conrad and 00:10:55.899 --> 00:10:58.580 Alan Bean become the third and fourth humans 00:10:58.580 --> 00:11:01.860 to walk on the moon. Side note, Pop -Tarts would 00:11:01.860 --> 00:11:06.509 make great space food. Moving back into film 00:11:06.509 --> 00:11:09.990 history, on this day in 1975, film adaptation 00:11:09.990 --> 00:11:12.830 of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, based on 00:11:12.830 --> 00:11:16.809 stage adaptation of a novel by Ken Kesey, directed 00:11:16.809 --> 00:11:19.830 by Milos Forman, and starring Jack Nicholson 00:11:19.830 --> 00:11:23.389 and Louise Fletcher, is released. The movie would 00:11:23.389 --> 00:11:26.250 win the Academy Awards Best Picture in 1976. 00:11:28.490 --> 00:11:31.389 U .S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader 00:11:31.389 --> 00:11:34.129 Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time on 00:11:34.129 --> 00:11:38.049 November 19, 1985, in Geneva, Switzerland. It 00:11:38.049 --> 00:11:39.950 was the first meeting between the two leaders 00:11:39.950 --> 00:11:42.350 and the first American -Soviet summit in over 00:11:42.350 --> 00:11:45.830 six years. The primary topics were the nuclear 00:11:45.830 --> 00:11:49.129 arms race, particularly the Strategic Defense 00:11:49.129 --> 00:11:52.690 Initiative, and the possibility of reducing nuclear 00:11:52.690 --> 00:11:55.889 weapons. the leaders established a personal rapport 00:11:55.889 --> 00:11:58.649 which was a positive development for future talks 00:11:58.649 --> 00:12:01.970 they agreed to accelerate negotiations on nuclear 00:12:01.970 --> 00:12:05.210 and space arms aiming to prevent an arms race 00:12:05.210 --> 00:12:08.690 in space and terminate it on earth a joint statement 00:12:08.690 --> 00:12:11.210 was released expressing the satisfaction with 00:12:11.210 --> 00:12:14.049 the summit and setting the stage for future agreements 00:12:14.049 --> 00:12:17.409 gorbachev was invited to visit the united states 00:12:17.409 --> 00:12:21.009 the following year and with that event We will 00:12:21.009 --> 00:12:23.250 end this portion of today's episode of What You 00:12:23.250 --> 00:12:25.750 Didn't Hear. That way we can move on to everyone's 00:12:25.750 --> 00:12:28.470 favorite dating game show. Welcome to Blind Date 00:12:28.470 --> 00:12:31.049 Through Time, the only dating show where we travel 00:12:31.049 --> 00:12:33.289 back through history to find a timeless romance. 00:12:50.250 --> 00:12:53.789 Here is this week's mystery dating profile. Profile 00:12:53.789 --> 00:12:57.190 name, The Northern Empress. I rule hearts the 00:12:57.190 --> 00:13:00.529 way I rule empires. With vision, intellect, and 00:13:00.529 --> 00:13:03.070 just the right touch of scandal. A lover of books, 00:13:03.149 --> 00:13:06.330 art, and power plays. I'm fluent in French diplomacy, 00:13:06.750 --> 00:13:09.570 Russian politics, and the language of persuasion. 00:13:09.990 --> 00:13:12.830 They call me The Great, but I'd rather you discover 00:13:12.830 --> 00:13:16.149 why for yourself. Interested in enlightened conversation. 00:13:16.850 --> 00:13:20.470 Voltaire is a friend, not a deal breaker. modernizing 00:13:20.470 --> 00:13:23.870 old systems political or personal midnight rides 00:13:23.870 --> 00:13:26.570 through the countryside and turning chaos into 00:13:26.570 --> 00:13:30.590 order one reform or rendezvous at a time my secret 00:13:30.590 --> 00:13:34.629 i didn't inherit my crown i took it looking for 00:13:34.629 --> 00:13:37.809 some one unafraid of ambition a partner who can 00:13:37.809 --> 00:13:40.509 match my intellect challenge my ideals and survive 00:13:40.509 --> 00:13:43.269 the occasional palace intrigue Must appreciate 00:13:43.269 --> 00:13:46.649 art, loyalty, and the finer uses of power. Bonus 00:13:46.649 --> 00:13:49.289 points if you can debate Rousseau without losing 00:13:49.289 --> 00:13:51.830 your head. Do you think you know who this week's 00:13:51.830 --> 00:13:54.590 mystery dating profile belongs to? And that is 00:13:54.590 --> 00:13:56.950 all I have for you today. Thank you for listening 00:13:56.950 --> 00:14:00.590 to What You Didn't Hear on November 19th. I hope 00:14:00.590 --> 00:14:02.490 you learned something new, and now you can go 00:14:02.490 --> 00:14:04.490 impress all your friends with your lesser -known 00:14:04.490 --> 00:14:07.629 historical knowledge. Please leave a review on 00:14:07.629 --> 00:14:10.110 the podcast and share with your friends. Connect 00:14:10.110 --> 00:14:12.720 with me on social media. Links can be found in 00:14:12.720 --> 00:14:15.799 the episode description. Until next time, I'm 00:14:15.799 --> 00:14:18.340 Zane Gould, and this is What You Didn't Hear.