WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.740 Hey there, and welcome to What You Didn't Hear, 00:00:02.940 --> 00:00:05.219 the podcast where we dig into history's group 00:00:05.219 --> 00:00:07.980 chat and spill the tea no one bothered to include 00:00:07.980 --> 00:00:10.939 in the textbooks. I'm Zane Gould, your guide 00:00:10.939 --> 00:00:13.980 through the weird, wild, and we -seriously -never 00:00:13.980 --> 00:00:17.000 -learned -this -in -school side of history. Every 00:00:17.000 --> 00:00:20.140 episode we pick a date, today, last week, 500 00:00:20.140 --> 00:00:22.820 years ago, and find the historical moments that 00:00:22.820 --> 00:00:25.519 flew under the radar. The awkward duels, the 00:00:25.519 --> 00:00:28.179 petty politics, the weird inventions, the scandalous 00:00:28.179 --> 00:00:30.920 letters. You know, the good stuff. So if you're 00:00:30.920 --> 00:00:34.100 into time travel without jet lag, obscure facts 00:00:34.100 --> 00:00:36.920 that make you sound smart at parties, and stories 00:00:36.920 --> 00:00:39.420 that make you say, wait, that actually happened? 00:00:39.820 --> 00:00:42.359 You're in the right place. Let's get into it. 00:00:42.700 --> 00:00:46.079 Here's what you didn't hear on October 15th. 00:01:10.120 --> 00:01:14.099 October 15th is the day in 1815 that Napoleon 00:01:14.099 --> 00:01:17.140 Bonaparte began his exile on the island of St. 00:01:17.280 --> 00:01:19.780 Helena following his defeat at the Battle of 00:01:19.780 --> 00:01:22.840 Waterloo. But maybe you already knew this, so 00:01:22.840 --> 00:01:25.359 let's slide back and dig into some of the other 00:01:25.359 --> 00:01:28.620 stories history forgot. Pushing back to the year 00:01:28.620 --> 00:01:33.019 533, on October 15th, Byzantine General Belisarius 00:01:33.019 --> 00:01:36.379 makes his formal entry into Carthage, having 00:01:36.379 --> 00:01:39.359 conquered it from the Vandals. The Byzantines 00:01:39.359 --> 00:01:42.180 were a continuation of the Roman Empire and considered 00:01:42.180 --> 00:01:44.799 its eastern half. They considered themselves 00:01:44.799 --> 00:01:48.680 Roman and upheld Roman law. The Vandals were 00:01:48.680 --> 00:01:51.519 a Germanic tribe known for destruction and migration 00:01:51.519 --> 00:01:54.500 across Europe. They sacked the city of Rome in 00:01:54.500 --> 00:01:58.719 the year 455. In 439, the Vandals captured the 00:01:58.719 --> 00:02:01.099 city of Carthage and established it as the capital 00:02:01.099 --> 00:02:04.299 of their North African kingdom, due to its strategic 00:02:04.299 --> 00:02:07.750 position for their navy. They held Carthage as 00:02:07.750 --> 00:02:10.250 the capital of their kingdom, which lasted for 00:02:10.250 --> 00:02:12.849 almost a century until General Belisarius of 00:02:12.849 --> 00:02:15.810 Eastern Roman Empire overtook the capital, officially 00:02:15.810 --> 00:02:18.530 ending the North African kingdom of the Vandals. 00:02:18.729 --> 00:02:21.569 It is believed that Belisarius is of Thraco -Roman 00:02:21.569 --> 00:02:24.129 descent and was born in modern -day southwest 00:02:24.129 --> 00:02:26.990 Bulgaria. His service to the Eastern Roman Empire 00:02:26.990 --> 00:02:30.509 is expansive. Belisarius fought in the Iberian 00:02:30.509 --> 00:02:36.360 War from 526 to 532. the Vandalic War from 533 00:02:36.360 --> 00:02:41.900 to 544, the Gothic War, and the Lasic War. During 00:02:41.900 --> 00:02:44.759 the Gothic War, despite being heavily outnumbered, 00:02:44.780 --> 00:02:47.599 his army recaptured the city of Rome and held 00:02:47.599 --> 00:02:50.699 out against the Ostrogothics in the siege of 00:02:50.699 --> 00:02:55.819 Rome. Now we push forward to the year 1520. Big 00:02:55.819 --> 00:02:58.639 gap, I know. To when King Henry VIII ordered 00:02:58.639 --> 00:03:01.500 bowling lanes be built in his Hampton Court Palace 00:03:01.500 --> 00:03:04.629 and Whitehall Palace. Bowling was a favorite 00:03:04.629 --> 00:03:07.469 sport of King Henry VIII, and he placed restrictions 00:03:07.469 --> 00:03:09.650 on bowling in England, prohibiting the general 00:03:09.650 --> 00:03:12.270 public from playing and reserving it for the 00:03:12.270 --> 00:03:15.150 wealthy and elite who could afford land and lanes. 00:03:15.530 --> 00:03:18.310 His claimed goals in banning the public from 00:03:18.310 --> 00:03:21.189 participating in the sport were to promote archery 00:03:21.189 --> 00:03:24.729 and control gambling. Archery was a vital skill 00:03:24.729 --> 00:03:27.469 for the English military, and Henry VIII believed 00:03:27.469 --> 00:03:29.710 if commoners were allowed to bowl, they would 00:03:29.710 --> 00:03:33.020 slack on their archery practice. And keeping 00:03:33.020 --> 00:03:35.599 with the idle hands thought process, Henry VIII 00:03:35.599 --> 00:03:38.580 believed that gambling on the sport of bowling 00:03:38.580 --> 00:03:43.719 encouraged idleness among the poor. Only a couple 00:03:43.719 --> 00:03:46.280 years later, on the other side of the pond, King 00:03:46.280 --> 00:03:50.199 Charles V of Spain appoints Hernan Cortes the 00:03:50.199 --> 00:03:53.460 governor of Mexico. Cortes was a conquistador 00:03:53.460 --> 00:03:56.080 during the first wave of Spanish settlers to 00:03:56.080 --> 00:03:58.699 colonize the Americas. During his expedition 00:03:58.699 --> 00:04:01.199 from Cuba to the mainland, his journey was formally 00:04:01.199 --> 00:04:04.360 cancelled, but in an act of open mutiny, he ignored 00:04:04.360 --> 00:04:07.060 the orders to return and pressed on to Mexico. 00:04:07.699 --> 00:04:10.740 After battling with coastal natives, Cortes conquered 00:04:10.740 --> 00:04:13.900 the region of Veracruz, and to ensure that there 00:04:13.900 --> 00:04:16.439 was no chance for his men to retreat or abandon 00:04:16.439 --> 00:04:19.420 their expedition, he had his ships scuttled. 00:04:19.790 --> 00:04:24.089 In fall of 1519, his army marched to Tenochtitlan 00:04:24.089 --> 00:04:28.110 and were peacefully received by Moctezuma. However, 00:04:28.410 --> 00:04:31.449 once received in his palace, Cortes took the 00:04:31.449 --> 00:04:34.310 Aztec emperor hostage, leading to the destruction 00:04:34.310 --> 00:04:37.350 of the Aztec empire and Cortes being named the 00:04:37.350 --> 00:04:42.860 governor of Mexico by the king of Spain. In 1582, 00:04:43.220 --> 00:04:47.100 Pope Gregory XIII conquers Julius Caesar when 00:04:47.100 --> 00:04:49.399 the Gregorian calendar is introduced in Spain 00:04:49.399 --> 00:04:54.100 and Portugal. Nearly 200 years later, in 1764, 00:04:54.600 --> 00:04:57.879 Edward Gibbon observes a group of friars singing 00:04:57.879 --> 00:05:00.639 in the ruined Temple of Jupiter in Rome, which 00:05:00.639 --> 00:05:03.019 inspires him to begin his research and historical 00:05:03.019 --> 00:05:05.779 writings about the decline and fall of the Roman 00:05:05.779 --> 00:05:11.589 Empire. In New York in 1786, the first officially 00:05:11.589 --> 00:05:14.889 recorded temperature of 32 degrees, or zero Celsius, 00:05:15.230 --> 00:05:20.730 is marked on October 15th. In 1827, Charles Darwin 00:05:20.730 --> 00:05:23.069 is admitted into the University of Cambridge. 00:05:23.790 --> 00:05:28.529 On the same day, forward to 1860, Grace Bedell 00:05:28.529 --> 00:05:31.250 wrote to Abraham Lincoln from New York, requesting 00:05:31.250 --> 00:05:33.910 that he grow out his beard because you would 00:05:33.910 --> 00:05:36.410 look a great deal better for your face is so 00:05:36.410 --> 00:05:39.680 thin. all the ladies like whiskers and they would 00:05:39.680 --> 00:05:42.060 tease their husbands to vote for you lincoln 00:05:42.060 --> 00:05:44.459 replied on the eighteenth of october and grace 00:05:44.459 --> 00:05:46.660 biddell's letter inspired abraham lincoln to 00:05:46.660 --> 00:05:50.139 grow out his whiskers eighteen years later on 00:05:50.139 --> 00:05:52.560 the same day the edison electric light company 00:05:52.560 --> 00:05:55.540 is incorporated A company being incorporated 00:05:55.540 --> 00:05:58.560 means it has been legally registered as a separate 00:05:58.560 --> 00:06:01.639 entity from its owners through a formal process 00:06:01.639 --> 00:06:04.180 with the state. This process creates a legal 00:06:04.180 --> 00:06:07.079 distinction, meaning the company can sue or be 00:06:07.079 --> 00:06:09.779 sued and its owner's personal assets are protected 00:06:09.779 --> 00:06:13.759 from business debts and liabilities. In sports, 00:06:14.139 --> 00:06:18.500 Charles Old Haas Radburn pitches his 60th win 00:06:18.500 --> 00:06:22.699 of the season in 1884. for the MLB Providence 00:06:22.699 --> 00:06:27.480 Grays in an 8 -0 victory over the Quakers in 00:06:27.480 --> 00:06:31.220 Philadelphia. Just 10 years later, in France, 00:06:31.339 --> 00:06:34.220 Alfred Dreyfus is arrested and accused of espionage, 00:06:34.399 --> 00:06:37.639 an event known as the Dreyfus Affair. The Dreyfus 00:06:37.639 --> 00:06:40.040 Affair was a political scandal that divided the 00:06:40.040 --> 00:06:43.660 Third French Republic from 1894 until its resolution 00:06:43.660 --> 00:06:48.160 in 1906. The scandal began in December of 1894 00:06:48.160 --> 00:06:51.740 when Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a 35 -year -old 00:06:51.740 --> 00:06:54.939 French artillery officer of Jewish descent, was 00:06:54.939 --> 00:06:57.360 wrongfully convicted of treason for communicating 00:06:57.360 --> 00:07:00.199 French military secrets to German embassies in 00:07:00.199 --> 00:07:02.579 Paris. He was sentenced to life imprisonment 00:07:02.579 --> 00:07:05.399 and sent overseas to the penal colony of Devil's 00:07:05.399 --> 00:07:08.459 Island, where he spent the following five years 00:07:08.459 --> 00:07:12.120 imprisoned in very harsh conditions, and will 00:07:12.120 --> 00:07:15.439 remain in France for 1905 when Claude Debussy's 00:07:15.439 --> 00:07:19.180 symphonic sketch, Le Mur, premieres in Paris. 00:07:20.839 --> 00:07:26.560 In 1917, the Dutch exotic dancer Mata Harry is 00:07:26.560 --> 00:07:29.600 executed by firing squad for conspiring with 00:07:29.600 --> 00:07:32.379 Germany and spying for Germany during World War 00:07:32.379 --> 00:07:37.579 I. In 1924, President Calvin Coolidge declares 00:07:37.579 --> 00:07:40.939 the Statue of Liberty a national monument. The 00:07:40.939 --> 00:07:45.019 Statue of Liberty was built between 1875 to 1884 00:07:45.019 --> 00:07:48.480 in France. The statue was then disassembled into 00:07:48.480 --> 00:07:53.399 350 pieces. Packed into 214 crates and shipped 00:07:53.399 --> 00:07:56.439 to New York Harbor aboard a French vessel, it 00:07:56.439 --> 00:08:01.779 arrived on June 17, 1885. In literature, Ernest 00:08:01.779 --> 00:08:05.000 Hemingway's To Have and Have Not is published 00:08:05.000 --> 00:08:09.959 on October 15, 1937. And in 1952, on the same 00:08:09.959 --> 00:08:13.160 day, Charlotte's Web, written by E .B. White, 00:08:13.459 --> 00:08:18.279 is published by Harper and Brothers. In 1966, 00:08:18.740 --> 00:08:20.800 the Black Panther political party is created 00:08:20.800 --> 00:08:24.199 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in Oakland, 00:08:24.339 --> 00:08:28.120 California. On the same day and same year, President 00:08:28.120 --> 00:08:31.060 Lyndon B. Johnson signs a bill creating the Department 00:08:31.060 --> 00:08:35.580 of Transportation. Jumping forward to 1980, the 00:08:35.580 --> 00:08:38.559 Nobel Prize in Economics is awarded to Lawrence 00:08:38.559 --> 00:08:42.100 Klein for creating econometric models and applying 00:08:42.100 --> 00:08:44.840 them to the analysis of economic fluctuations 00:08:44.840 --> 00:08:48.200 and policies. His work led to the development 00:08:48.200 --> 00:08:51.519 of large -scale computer models, like the LINQ 00:08:51.519 --> 00:08:54.940 model, which integrate data from numerous countries 00:08:54.940 --> 00:08:59.580 to forecast economic trends. For today, this 00:08:59.580 --> 00:09:02.360 is where I will stop. I've wanted to end with 00:09:02.360 --> 00:09:04.759 a bit of news regarding the podcast moving forward. 00:09:05.200 --> 00:09:07.740 I have completed writing the first deep dive 00:09:07.740 --> 00:09:10.679 episode, but I have not found time to record 00:09:10.679 --> 00:09:13.659 it and edit it just quite yet. It is becoming 00:09:13.659 --> 00:09:16.100 a little bit difficult to keep up with one episode 00:09:16.100 --> 00:09:18.519 every other week and everything else going on 00:09:18.519 --> 00:09:21.460 currently in my life. I will be moving the show 00:09:21.460 --> 00:09:24.120 to one episode a month for the specific days 00:09:24.120 --> 00:09:27.679 and one deep dive a month. I promise the first 00:09:27.679 --> 00:09:30.299 is coming, but I want to make sure it is a quality 00:09:30.299 --> 00:09:33.559 episode. I hope in the future I can move back 00:09:33.559 --> 00:09:35.860 to every other week for the regular episodes, 00:09:36.179 --> 00:09:38.399 but the student life is keeping me very busy 00:09:38.399 --> 00:09:42.179 lately. Now on to something more exciting. The 00:09:42.179 --> 00:09:45.100 return of Blind Date Through Time, the only dating 00:09:45.100 --> 00:09:48.460 show where the contestant, you, flirts with mystery 00:09:48.460 --> 00:10:10.159 and history to find a timeless connection. Here 00:10:10.159 --> 00:10:12.820 is this week's mystery dating profile. Username, 00:10:13.039 --> 00:10:16.919 RoughRider42. Location, somewhere between the 00:10:16.919 --> 00:10:20.179 Badlands and the White House. Occupation, former 00:10:20.179 --> 00:10:23.940 rancher, police chief, war hero, and something 00:10:23.940 --> 00:10:28.600 else. About me. By day, I enjoy long hikes through 00:10:28.600 --> 00:10:31.159 uncharted wilderness, boxing matches with close 00:10:31.159 --> 00:10:34.500 friends, and reorganizing entire naval fleets. 00:10:35.049 --> 00:10:38.070 By night, I read obscure historical tomes and 00:10:38.070 --> 00:10:40.250 write books faster than most people write emails. 00:10:41.269 --> 00:10:43.990 I once gave a speech after being shot in the 00:10:43.990 --> 00:10:47.710 chest. Ask me how that went. I've disappeared 00:10:47.710 --> 00:10:50.129 into the Amazon jungle and emerged with a map. 00:10:50.470 --> 00:10:53.710 I've charged up hills and into history. I trust 00:10:53.710 --> 00:10:56.450 in action over talk, but when I talk, people 00:10:56.450 --> 00:11:00.789 listen. Looking for a partner unafraid of a little 00:11:00.789 --> 00:11:03.389 danger. Someone who can ride at dawn and debate 00:11:03.389 --> 00:11:06.529 at dusk. You value honor, intellect, and the 00:11:06.529 --> 00:11:09.750 occasional bear hunt, figurative usually. Must 00:11:09.750 --> 00:11:12.570 appreciate strong coffee and stronger wills. 00:11:12.570 --> 00:11:14.950 If you faint at the sight of blood or books, 00:11:15.250 --> 00:11:18.850 move along. Bonus points if you've ever run a 00:11:18.850 --> 00:11:22.409 country, wrangled cattle, fought for a just cause, 00:11:22.649 --> 00:11:25.950 or carried a big stick, metaphorically or otherwise. 00:11:27.129 --> 00:11:29.409 If you think you know who this week's mystery 00:11:29.409 --> 00:11:32.690 dating profile is, let me know via social media. 00:11:34.190 --> 00:11:36.970 And to close the episode off, the history of 00:11:36.970 --> 00:11:40.730 a commonly used phrase, bite the bullet. Bite 00:11:40.730 --> 00:11:43.350 the bullet originates from military practice, 00:11:43.409 --> 00:11:45.870 most likely from battlefield surgeries before 00:11:45.870 --> 00:11:48.710 the invention of anesthesia. To cope with the 00:11:48.710 --> 00:11:51.409 intense pain, soldiers were given a bullet to 00:11:51.409 --> 00:11:54.169 bite down on, which helped them endure the procedure 00:11:54.169 --> 00:11:57.330 without crying out or biting their tongue off. 00:11:58.289 --> 00:12:00.970 That is all I have for this episode of What You 00:12:00.970 --> 00:12:03.570 Didn't Hear. As always, thank you for listening. 00:12:03.899 --> 00:12:06.019 If you're just finding the podcast, I encourage 00:12:06.019 --> 00:12:08.440 you to go back and listen to the previous episodes, 00:12:08.440 --> 00:12:10.700 and I hope you'll stick around for future episodes. 00:12:11.580 --> 00:12:14.120 Please leave a review on whatever podcast platform 00:12:14.120 --> 00:12:16.860 you're listening on, as this is the second best 00:12:16.860 --> 00:12:19.940 way for new people to find the show. The first 00:12:19.940 --> 00:12:22.519 best way is for you to share it with your history 00:12:22.519 --> 00:12:26.000 -intrigued friends. Until next time, this is 00:12:26.000 --> 00:12:27.279 What You Didn't Hear.