WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.879 Welcome to What You Didn't Hear, the podcast 00:00:02.879 --> 00:00:05.280 that pulls back the curtain on the shadows of 00:00:05.280 --> 00:00:08.320 history. On this very day, while the world remembers 00:00:08.320 --> 00:00:10.720 the headlines, hidden stories were unfolding 00:00:10.720 --> 00:00:14.980 in the margins. Strange, forgotten, and sometimes 00:00:14.980 --> 00:00:17.980 unsettling, today we bring those buried moments 00:00:17.980 --> 00:00:20.620 back into the light with What You Didn't Hear 00:00:20.620 --> 00:00:36.890 on September 17th. Make it shake. History. History. 00:00:38.310 --> 00:00:49.469 History. History. September 17th is known as 00:00:49.469 --> 00:00:52.390 Constitution Day or Citizenship Day in the United 00:00:52.390 --> 00:00:55.380 States. celebrating the day that the U .S. Constitution 00:00:55.380 --> 00:00:58.320 was signed by delegates during the Constitutional 00:00:58.320 --> 00:01:00.979 Convention in Philadelphia. But throughout history, 00:01:01.219 --> 00:01:03.640 other events have taken place on this same day, 00:01:03.740 --> 00:01:06.680 so now we'll go way back and focus on what you 00:01:06.680 --> 00:01:11.379 didn't hear. In 642, Arab forces conquer Alexandria. 00:01:12.060 --> 00:01:17.379 In 1595, Pope Clement VIII officially recognizes 00:01:17.379 --> 00:01:21.069 Henry IV as King of France. Leading up to this 00:01:21.069 --> 00:01:24.549 event, Henry IV converted to Catholicism, ending 00:01:24.549 --> 00:01:27.109 a period of excommunication from the papacy, 00:01:27.170 --> 00:01:30.010 after Pope Clement VIII had examined Henry's 00:01:30.010 --> 00:01:33.469 sincerity. Furthermore, this ended many religious 00:01:33.469 --> 00:01:36.170 conflicts in France and ended the Thirty Years' 00:01:36.390 --> 00:01:40.129 War. The Dutch yacht, Sardam, arrives to rescue 00:01:40.129 --> 00:01:43.090 the crew of the Batavia, another Dutch trade 00:01:43.090 --> 00:01:46.730 ship, off the coast of Western Australia in 1629. 00:01:47.290 --> 00:01:49.290 upon arrival they discovered that a majority 00:01:49.290 --> 00:01:52.010 of the crew and passengers had either been murdered 00:01:52.010 --> 00:01:55.590 by mutineers or passed away from exposure in 00:01:55.590 --> 00:01:58.530 attempts to recover valuable cargo the skipper 00:01:58.530 --> 00:02:01.209 and five crew members of the sardam disappeared 00:02:01.209 --> 00:02:04.109 while searching for drifted cargo on more remote 00:02:04.109 --> 00:02:07.189 islands in the east indies the following month 00:02:07.189 --> 00:02:09.889 the sardam would return to batavia modern -day 00:02:09.889 --> 00:02:12.969 jakarta with only sixty -eight men seven women 00:02:12.969 --> 00:02:15.840 and two children out of two hundred and fifty 00:02:15.840 --> 00:02:18.219 people that had been aboard the batavia when 00:02:18.219 --> 00:02:21.599 it was shipwrecked in sixteen eighty three anthony 00:02:21.599 --> 00:02:24.800 von lavenhuk is credited with the discovery of 00:02:24.800 --> 00:02:28.699 bacteria lavenhuk is known as the father of microbiology 00:02:28.699 --> 00:02:31.960 and one of the first microscopists after developing 00:02:31.960 --> 00:02:35.400 an interest in lens making anthony used a single 00:02:35.400 --> 00:02:37.960 lensed microscope of his own design and make 00:02:37.960 --> 00:02:41.229 to observe the first microbes He was also the 00:02:41.229 --> 00:02:43.490 first microbiologist to record the observation 00:02:43.490 --> 00:02:46.789 of muscle fibers, red blood cells, bacteria, 00:02:47.129 --> 00:02:52.789 and spermatozoa. On September 17th in 1745, Jacobites 00:02:52.789 --> 00:02:55.870 occupy Edinburgh during the Jacobite Rebellion, 00:02:55.870 --> 00:02:59.830 led by Charles Edward Stuart, also known as the 00:02:59.830 --> 00:03:02.889 Young Pretender. A possible rap name, or stolen 00:03:02.889 --> 00:03:05.469 IP from the Foo Fighters, we report, you decide. 00:03:06.270 --> 00:03:08.830 the jacobite rebellion sought to restore the 00:03:08.830 --> 00:03:11.849 stuart dynasty to the british throne and reinstate 00:03:11.849 --> 00:03:14.629 catholicism however it would ultimately fail 00:03:14.629 --> 00:03:16.810 due to the lack of military support from the 00:03:16.810 --> 00:03:20.169 french in seventeen seventy six while a revolution 00:03:20.169 --> 00:03:22.930 was occurring on the east coast of america fortress 00:03:22.930 --> 00:03:25.750 presidio of san francisco was founded on the 00:03:25.750 --> 00:03:29.710 west coast in the san francisco bay fort presidio 00:03:30.090 --> 00:03:34.229 was built by a party led by jos joaquin moraga 00:03:34.229 --> 00:03:37.469 and used as a foothold in the alta california 00:03:37.469 --> 00:03:40.569 region by the spanish as such a remote location 00:03:40.569 --> 00:03:44.469 the garrison of men at presidio was about thirty 00:03:44.469 --> 00:03:47.669 -three men and after mexican independence from 00:03:47.669 --> 00:03:50.849 spain in eighteen twenty one it would become 00:03:50.849 --> 00:03:53.969 a mexican fortification before being seized by 00:03:53.969 --> 00:03:56.990 the u s military at the start of the Mexican 00:03:56.990 --> 00:04:02.550 -American War in 1846. Today, Fort Presidio is 00:04:02.550 --> 00:04:05.069 a national landmark. It lies on the northern 00:04:05.069 --> 00:04:08.110 tip of the San Francisco Peninsula and is a part 00:04:08.110 --> 00:04:10.469 of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. 00:04:10.909 --> 00:04:14.110 William Herschel discovers Mimas, a satellite 00:04:14.110 --> 00:04:19.490 of Saturn, in 1789. Mimas gets its name from 00:04:19.490 --> 00:04:22.610 Greek mythology. memos was one of the giant's 00:04:22.610 --> 00:04:26.129 offsprings of gaia born from the blood of uranus 00:04:26.129 --> 00:04:29.810 as saturn's seventh largest natural satellite 00:04:29.810 --> 00:04:32.930 memos has a diameter of only two hundred and 00:04:32.930 --> 00:04:36.870 forty six miles and a gravity of point zero six 00:04:36.870 --> 00:04:40.709 four meters per second squared compare that to 00:04:40.709 --> 00:04:43.490 earth's gravity constant of nine point eight 00:04:43.490 --> 00:04:47.250 zero seven meters per second squared Imagine 00:04:47.250 --> 00:04:49.290 playing a friendly game of catch on the front 00:04:49.290 --> 00:04:53.310 lawn of an Airbnb on Mimas. On September 15th 00:04:53.310 --> 00:04:56.269 in 1835, Charles Darwin would first spot the 00:04:56.269 --> 00:04:59.110 tip of the Galapagos Islands aboard the HMS Beagle. 00:04:59.730 --> 00:05:02.629 However, on September 17th, they would make landfall. 00:05:03.230 --> 00:05:06.689 Over the following five weeks, Darwin would explore 00:05:06.689 --> 00:05:10.230 several islands, primarily focusing on San Cristobal, 00:05:10.269 --> 00:05:13.540 Florina, and Santiago. during his exploration 00:05:13.540 --> 00:05:16.019 he would collect samples of the diverse wildlife 00:05:16.019 --> 00:05:19.379 on the islands his detailed observations of the 00:05:19.379 --> 00:05:21.980 unique adaptations of wildlife in the galapagos 00:05:21.980 --> 00:05:24.600 would lead to his creation of the theory of natural 00:05:24.600 --> 00:05:27.980 selection and later the theory of evolution and 00:05:27.980 --> 00:05:31.079 now back to san francisco in eighteen fifty the 00:05:31.079 --> 00:05:33.839 fourth great fire of san francisco would begin 00:05:33.839 --> 00:05:37.379 at four a m in the philadelphia house a saloon 00:05:37.379 --> 00:05:40.680 on jackson street The blaze quickly spread and 00:05:40.680 --> 00:05:43.720 consumed the greater area between DuPont, Montgomery, 00:05:44.160 --> 00:05:47.939 Washington, and Pacific. The fire, as well as 00:05:47.939 --> 00:05:50.879 those before it, led San Francisco to form the 00:05:50.879 --> 00:05:53.699 first firefighting companies, as well as requiring 00:05:53.699 --> 00:05:56.399 more fireproof construction to combat the risk 00:05:56.399 --> 00:05:59.379 of fires in the city during the California Gold 00:05:59.379 --> 00:06:04.740 Rush. In 1859, our one true leader, Joshua Abram 00:06:04.740 --> 00:06:08.139 Norton, proclaims himself His Imperial Majesty 00:06:08.139 --> 00:06:11.600 Emperor Norton I, Emperor of the United States 00:06:11.600 --> 00:06:14.060 of America. And since the theme of this episode 00:06:14.060 --> 00:06:16.819 is clearly San Francisco, I'll tell you that 00:06:16.819 --> 00:06:19.699 His Imperial Majesty Emperor Norton I was an 00:06:19.699 --> 00:06:23.079 English -born resident of San Francisco. In 1866, 00:06:23.420 --> 00:06:26.980 he would also adopt the official title of Protector 00:06:26.980 --> 00:06:30.079 of Mexico. until our emperor passed away in january 00:06:30.079 --> 00:06:32.779 of eighteen eighty he would maintain his title 00:06:32.779 --> 00:06:35.620 multiple papers in california would regularly 00:06:35.620 --> 00:06:38.100 publish proclamations and articles written by 00:06:38.100 --> 00:06:41.899 his majesty emperor norton i residents of northern 00:06:41.899 --> 00:06:45.480 california his majesty's subjects enjoyed his 00:06:45.480 --> 00:06:48.480 majesty emperor norton i s royal presence in 00:06:48.480 --> 00:06:51.560 california and he was afforded free ferry rides 00:06:51.560 --> 00:06:54.819 free rent and free meals from friends and admirers 00:06:55.310 --> 00:06:57.610 on september seventeenth in eighteen fifty nine 00:06:57.610 --> 00:07:01.269 his majesty emperor norton i would hand deliver 00:07:01.269 --> 00:07:04.529 the following declaration to the bulletin a newspaper 00:07:04.529 --> 00:07:07.689 in san francisco at the peremptory request and 00:07:07.689 --> 00:07:10.290 desire of a large majority of the citizens of 00:07:10.290 --> 00:07:14.290 these united states i joshua norton formerly 00:07:14.290 --> 00:07:18.560 of algoa bay cape of good hope and now for the 00:07:18.560 --> 00:07:21.579 last nine years and ten months past of san francisco 00:07:21.579 --> 00:07:25.120 california declare and proclaim myself emperor 00:07:25.120 --> 00:07:29.180 of these united states and in virtue of the authority 00:07:29.180 --> 00:07:32.939 thereby in me vested do hereby order and direct 00:07:32.939 --> 00:07:35.500 the representatives of the different states of 00:07:35.500 --> 00:07:38.759 the union to assemble a musical hall of this 00:07:38.759 --> 00:07:42.160 city on the first day of february next then and 00:07:42.160 --> 00:07:44.839 there to make such alterations in the existing 00:07:44.839 --> 00:07:48.980 laws of the union as may ameliorate the evils 00:07:48.980 --> 00:07:51.699 under which the country is laboring and thereby 00:07:51.699 --> 00:07:54.860 cause confidence to exist both at home and abroad 00:07:54.860 --> 00:07:58.180 in our stability and integrity His Majesty Emperor 00:07:58.180 --> 00:08:01.660 Norton I even had his own currency, which some 00:08:01.660 --> 00:08:03.839 restaurants in San Francisco accepted on good 00:08:03.839 --> 00:08:06.939 faith. The notes used by the imperial government 00:08:06.939 --> 00:08:10.139 of Norton I now regularly sell at auction for 00:08:10.139 --> 00:08:13.740 $10 ,000 or more to collectors. And the last 00:08:13.740 --> 00:08:16.759 tidbit that I'll give you about His Majesty Emperor 00:08:16.759 --> 00:08:20.100 Norton I is his knack for foreign relations. 00:08:20.779 --> 00:08:23.420 his majesty wrote many letters to queen victoria 00:08:23.420 --> 00:08:27.100 urging her to marry him and strengthen the ties 00:08:27.100 --> 00:08:30.639 between the empirical united states and the united 00:08:30.639 --> 00:08:36.059 kingdoms incredible just incredible during the 00:08:36.059 --> 00:08:39.159 american civil war in eighteen sixty two the 00:08:39.159 --> 00:08:42.539 agalheny arsenal would explode resulting in the 00:08:42.539 --> 00:08:45.639 largest civilian disaster during the war killing 00:08:45.639 --> 00:08:49.169 seventy -eight workers If the Union and Confederacy 00:08:49.169 --> 00:08:51.309 had realized that the United States had a new 00:08:51.309 --> 00:08:53.330 emperor, the whole Civil War could have been 00:08:53.330 --> 00:08:56.669 avoided. The Montsenus Railway Tunnel opens in 00:08:56.669 --> 00:09:01.730 1871, linking the Turin -Modane Railway to the 00:09:01.730 --> 00:09:05.129 Coulas -Modane Railway, and provided a whole 00:09:05.129 --> 00:09:07.129 new connection between France and Italy through 00:09:07.129 --> 00:09:09.909 the European Alps. The tunnel was expected to 00:09:09.909 --> 00:09:13.149 take 40 years to finish, but was finished just 00:09:13.149 --> 00:09:16.509 shy of 14 years with the help of tunneling innovations. 00:09:17.399 --> 00:09:21.220 In 1901, the battle at Elan's River Port takes 00:09:21.220 --> 00:09:25.460 place. Boer General Jan Smuts, the Field Marshal 00:09:25.460 --> 00:09:28.100 and Prime Minister of South Africa, destroyed 00:09:28.100 --> 00:09:32.659 the British 17th Lancers unit. In 1916, on September 00:09:32.659 --> 00:09:36.419 17th, the Red Baron, a German fighter ace during 00:09:36.419 --> 00:09:39.419 World War I, wins his first aerial combat over 00:09:39.419 --> 00:09:43.460 France. Manfred von Richthofen would be shot 00:09:43.460 --> 00:09:46.620 and killed over France two years later. but not 00:09:46.620 --> 00:09:50.299 before claiming 80 aerial combat victories, making 00:09:50.299 --> 00:09:52.879 him the most lethal fighter pilot of World War 00:09:52.879 --> 00:09:57.279 I. In 1926, the Great Miami Hurricane makes landfall 00:09:57.279 --> 00:10:02.480 in Miami, killing an estimated 450 people. Now 00:10:02.480 --> 00:10:05.519 jumping ahead to 1950, and sticking with this 00:10:05.519 --> 00:10:09.179 episode's theme, the San Francisco 49ers play 00:10:09.179 --> 00:10:11.919 their first NFL game against the New York Yanks 00:10:11.919 --> 00:10:17.840 and lose 21 -17. In 1954, one of my all -time 00:10:17.840 --> 00:10:20.620 favorite books, Lord of the Flies, is published 00:10:20.620 --> 00:10:23.820 by Faber and Faber in London, authored by William 00:10:23.820 --> 00:10:27.240 Golding. Lord of the Flies was primarily inspired 00:10:27.240 --> 00:10:30.059 by William Golding's experience fighting in World 00:10:30.059 --> 00:10:33.259 War II. his observations on the inherent capacity 00:10:33.259 --> 00:10:36.720 for evil in human nature his time as a teacher 00:10:36.720 --> 00:10:40.340 of unruly boys and a literary counter -argument 00:10:40.340 --> 00:10:43.960 to r m ballantine's optimistic novel the coral 00:10:43.960 --> 00:10:48.200 island golding aimed to write a more realistic 00:10:48.200 --> 00:10:51.240 adventure story depicting how civilization breaks 00:10:51.240 --> 00:10:55.000 down and savagery emerges when children are isolated 00:10:55.000 --> 00:10:58.820 from adult rules in nineteen sixty one samuel 00:10:58.820 --> 00:11:01.759 beckett's happy days premieres in new york city 00:11:01.759 --> 00:11:05.279 british rock band the who makes u s television 00:11:05.279 --> 00:11:08.299 debut in nineteen sixty seven on the smother 00:11:08.299 --> 00:11:11.639 brothers comedy hour they performed my generation 00:11:11.639 --> 00:11:14.840 and detonated keith moon's drum kit at the end 00:11:14.840 --> 00:11:19.370 of their performance In 1972, on September 17th, 00:11:19.370 --> 00:11:22.970 TV comedy series MASH debuts and runs for 11 00:11:22.970 --> 00:11:26.750 years, winning 14 Emmy Awards and one Peabody 00:11:26.750 --> 00:11:30.470 Award. And to close it off, one more for San 00:11:30.470 --> 00:11:34.649 Francisco. Pope John Paul II arrives in San Francisco 00:11:34.649 --> 00:11:38.529 in 1987 to meet with AIDS patients to offer a 00:11:38.529 --> 00:11:40.929 message of God's unconditional love for all and 00:11:40.929 --> 00:11:45.990 also condemning the biases against victims. This 00:11:45.990 --> 00:11:47.909 week I want to try something a little different 00:11:47.909 --> 00:11:50.769 and a little simpler. Whenever I hear a common 00:11:50.769 --> 00:11:53.389 phrase or saying, I wonder where it came from. 00:11:53.549 --> 00:11:56.250 So now we'll look into the origins of the phrase, 00:11:56.470 --> 00:11:59.710 by the skin of your teeth. To write this segment, 00:11:59.809 --> 00:12:02.509 I googled a list of commonly used phrases and 00:12:02.509 --> 00:12:05.490 picked the first one that caught my eye. I was 00:12:05.490 --> 00:12:07.470 surprised to learn, by the skin of your teeth, 00:12:07.629 --> 00:12:10.970 is originally from the Bible, specifically the 00:12:10.970 --> 00:12:14.610 book of Job. In Job 19 .20, Job describes his 00:12:14.610 --> 00:12:17.409 suffering and says, I am nothing but skin and 00:12:17.409 --> 00:12:20.090 bones. I have escaped only by the skin of my 00:12:20.090 --> 00:12:24.090 teeth. In addition to that brief segment, I will 00:12:24.090 --> 00:12:26.389 give you a famous quote, and you have to guess 00:12:26.389 --> 00:12:29.850 who said it. Now for a quote from a historical 00:12:29.850 --> 00:12:32.570 figure. When you reach the end of your rope, 00:12:32.710 --> 00:12:37.269 tie a knot in it, and hang on. Which historical 00:12:37.269 --> 00:12:41.269 figure is credited with this quote? If you're 00:12:41.269 --> 00:12:43.350 a returning listener, thank you for coming back. 00:12:43.690 --> 00:12:46.029 If you're just finding this podcast, welcome, 00:12:46.210 --> 00:12:49.070 and I hope you'll keep listening. Please leave 00:12:49.070 --> 00:12:51.289 a review on whatever podcast platform you're 00:12:51.289 --> 00:12:54.230 on and share the show with your friends. Connect 00:12:54.230 --> 00:12:57.190 with me on YouTube, Facebook, or Instagram. Links 00:12:57.190 --> 00:12:59.970 in the episode description. Until next time, 00:12:59.990 --> 00:13:02.389 this has been What You Didn't Hear.