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It's time for HamTalk Live. Yeah, it really is.
And it's Wednesday, and it's eight o 'clock,
and that's not normal. But it's just for this
week. But it is time for another episode of HamTalk
Live. It's number 53, Heard Island De -Expedition
and Science Research with Dr. Bill Mitchell,
A -E -0 -E -E. Recorded live Wednesday, February
22nd, 2017. I'm your host Neil Rapp, WB9VPG.
Thanks for tuning in to this episode of HamTalk
Live. Tonight we're joined by Dr. Bill Mitchell,
AE0EE, who went on the Heard Island De -Expedition
and also did scientific research while he was
there. So we're going to talk a little bit about
the De -Expedition, but we're going to talk some
science tonight. and we'll take your calls live
in just a few minutes. Last week, Fred Reganiter,
K4IU, was here to talk about DXing and operating
from the canal zone and other countries. And
if you missed the show, you can listen anytime
at HamTalkLive .com or on iTunes, Stitcher, Google
Play, TuneIn, SoundCloud or YouTube. And yeah,
tonight we're coming to you a day and an hour
earlier because I have to announce a basketball
game tomorrow night at school and it only happens
once every other year on Thursday and so... I
have to be there for that. So we moved the show
up a day and up an hour so we don't conflict
with the Ham Nation people. We'll be done in
plenty of time if you want to switch over and
watch that live. So next week we'll be back on
our usual Thursday at 9 p .m. Eastern schedule.
Tonight also marks the beginning of year number
two for HamTalk Live. So thanks again to everyone
for listening and participating and tell your
friends about it. Don't be shy when it comes
time to call into the show. We'd love to have
you participate. So get your questions ready
to go after the introduction. You can call us.
The telephone number that you'll call whenever
we get to that point is 812 -NAT -HAM -1. That's
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Just look for HamTalk Live on Skype. You can
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there and I will get those and pass those. along
to Bill. So I'll be back with Bill right after
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HamTalk Live is on the air every Thursday night
at 9 p .m. Eastern Time right here on HamTalkLive
.com and if you missed the show you can listen
to the archive on the website or download it
for most popular podcasting websites. Dr. Bill
Mitchell AE0EE was a radio operator on the VK0EK
Heard Island De -Expedition during March and
April of 2016. He was originally licensed in
December of 2012 in California as AG6RB and then
took the call sign AE0EE in July of 2014. Bill
is most often found on HF and enjoys a mix of
CW and sideband, occasionally some digital mode,
satellite and meteor scatter. And for the first
18 months, after he was licensed he primarily
operated the club station W6BB at the University
of California Berkeley. Because he lives in an
apartment he does a lot of portable operations
and when not on the radio Bill enjoys doing and
teaching science. He has a BA in chemistry from
Carlton College and a PhD in chemistry from UC
Berkeley and while his primary focus is physical
and analytical chemistry. His research has been
broad spanning from organometallic synthesis,
kinetics, polymers to photon photochemistry,
atmospheric chemistry and physics, geochemistry
and geology and his dissertation focused on high
precision uranium lead dating. And the scary
thing is I know what all that meant. Good evening,
Bill. Thank you for coming on the show. Good
evening. Thanks for having me and congratulations
on the anniversary of the show. Oh, thank you.
Yeah. It's been, uh, been a lot of fun and, um,
and that's why I started doing it. So, uh, hopefully,
uh, it'll, it'll keep being that way and, and
keep on going. Well, uh, we want you to talk
about herd Island tonight, uh, which, um, It's
not quite been a year since since that happened
And tell us a little bit about the trip and what
you hope to accomplish by going on that the expedition
Sure, thanks Neil Yeah, so the I learned about
the expedition about three years ago and Went
to my local amateur radio club meeting at the
urging of one of my mentors at the time and the
expedition leader for Heard Island was talking
about an expedition to Clipperton Island that
he'd made previously and started talking about
how he wanted to go to Heard Island and he talked
about the volcano there that was covered in glaciers
and at that he'd already gotten my attention.
He said something about four species of penguins
that live on the island and that really got going.
And then he said, oh, and it's also one of the
top 10 most wanted territories on earth for amateur
radio. And I said, well, that sounds good too.
So thought long and hard about whether I wanted
to, was able to join. And after about a year
of deliberation, ended up saying, yes, I really
want to do this. So it was a big undertaking.
Heard Island, for those of you who aren't aware,
is a sub -Antarctic island in the extreme southern
Indian Ocean, about halfway between South Africa
and Australia, but quite a bit further south.
It was a 12 -day voyage at sea to get to the
island. from Cape Town and then another 10 days
after we left to continue on to Fremantle and
Perth in Western Australia. So there were a lot
of different scientific things to do while we
were on the expedition. One of the ones that
I got into as an amateur birder is looking at
some of the southern ocean seabirds. I've participated
in the e -bird citizen science project where
birders will go out, they'll observe and count
how many birds of different species they find,
and then they'll submit their logs into a centralized
database that's used for doing population research.
It's similar to the amateur radio logbook of
the world, except it's for birds. We also deployed
some buoys, both surface drifting and some diving
buoys for getting a number of different parameters
from the ocean. I took high resolution panoramic
images of some of the geologic features on the
island. We sampled rocks and soil and water for
a number of environmental science projects. And
we also did a little bit of study of some high
frequency electromagnetic propagation, which
is what a lot of people contributed financial
support to have us do. So that's a little bit
of some of the science that we did. And get a
few QSLs sent out afterwards. Yeah, there were
a few postcards to send confirming contact expedition.
That's true. Yeah, just a few. Well, I teach
chemistry for a living and while physical chemistry
still still haunts me. Analytical chemistry was
something that I really got into because there
were so many connections with ham radio because
using waves to analyze chemicals just made total
sense to me. And so when we got to the electronics
part, I was like, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, I know
this stuff. This is great stuff. And did some
research on some NMR and things like that. But
most people listening tonight probably aren't.
chemists. So while I want to get into that a
little bit, why don't you explain a little bit
about some of the analysis that you've been able
to do with the samples that you brought back
from Heard Island? Okay, well I've actually been
relatively removed from the samples that were
brought back, but I do know that one of the projects
that was being worked on is figuring out how
old some of the lava flows are on Heard Island.
Many of the researchers and geologists who've
been to the island previously have remarked that
the flows look recent. And even for a geologist,
recent is a pretty broad definition. For people
who study really old things, a million years
might be really recent. it might even be older
than millions or millions of years that people
would consider recent. So because so many scientists
have remarked on how it looks recent but we have
absolutely no numbers for recent, one of our
goals was to collect some samples that could
be used to actually determine an age for those
recent lava flows which are expected to be somewhere
around 10 ,000 years or maybe younger. And the
way that that ends up getting done is that the
scientists will look for radiogenic, or not radiogenic,
cosmogenic isotopes in the rock. So elements
with a specific number of protons and neutrons
in them that have come because of cosmic radiation
hitting that rock. When the lava flow comes out
and they're exposed at the surface that radiation
can cause these changes in the rock and we can
then bring that back to the lab and measure it.
And so we grabbed a bunch of samples and those
are now in Tasmania under analysis. Very good
and you mentioned the the bird logbook, if you
will, on that. What about the buoys and some
of the studies from the RF that was being generated
there? Tell us a little bit about what analysis
has been done on that and any of your findings
that you've been able to get so far. Sure. So
we deployed two types of buoys from the ship
because there's a lot of open ocean in the southern
ocean that isn't very well monitored. It's not
like on land where we have lots of weather stations.
Out in the open ocean, there's not much going
on. So in order to help weather forecasting and
understanding how ocean circulation works, we
deployed two different types of buoys. One type
is a surface buoy from NOAA, and those track
the sea surface temperature, and they also send
their position back via a satellite link. And
so those are used to monitor the surface currents
in the oceans around the world. And some of our
buoys have moved I think upwards of 2 ,500 miles
from when we left them in the water. The other
type of buoy that we have are what are called
Argo buoys, which are diving buoys. They spend
most of their time about one kilometer under
the water surface drifting along. But every 10
days, they'll drop down to 2 ,000 meters depth,
and they'll then measure the conductivity, the
temperature, and the depth all the way up to
the surface. And that allows researchers some
insights into how the temperature and salinity
change in sort of a three -dimensional view over
the ocean. Originally, that was of particular
importance for hiding submarines, but it's also
useful to see where water is mixing. how the
oceans are changing in our current climate. And
I have a little bit of information on some of
those Argo diving buoys posted on my blog inquisitiverockhopper
.wordpress .com. Very good and we'll send that
out a link to that too so people can find that
easily. uh... and then uh... the rf yeah uh...
the rf was a a fun part uh... it's incredible
being at the uh... uh... far end of uh... very
wanted uh... very wanted uh... territory uh...
there were a lot of people who wanted to make
contact with us uh... we made uh... over seventy
five thousand contacts uh... both on voice, mostly
on Morse code, and a few on radio teletype. And
that was with all continents of the world. We
even had one contact with one of the Antarctic
research bases, which was a fun contact to make.
We ended up having both the... our expedition
leader and the station manager of that station
having a short conversation with each other,
which was pretty memorable. Very good. Good deal.
So how did you find time to do all the research
and keep up with your shifts on the expedition
and keep everything running? Yeah, well, I didn't
get a lot of sleep is the short answer. But the
longer answer is that it was possible because
we spent months and years planning for the expedition.
So I joined about 18 months before we departed.
So I joined in September of 2014. And even by
that time, I'd been thinking about it and reading
about it. for the better part of a year. After
that additional 18 months of planning and research,
much of the expedition was choreographed and
prioritized. So we had procedures written out
that even a tired, frustrated expedition member
could carry out and they could use the checklist
so that they would get things done right and
get things done efficiently because you don't
want to waste time dealing with stupid problems
that if you would manage to do if you were more
awake or if you and we didn't want to have to
think about anything that we didn't need to have
to think about on the island and it was a challenge
at times to get everything done. We did have
to sort of prioritize which things get done and
which things don't and I would have loved to
do more of the gigapan images and to get more
birding in on the island and take more pictures
but there were only so many hours in the day
and the generators needed refilling and the antennas
needed to be kept up and I also was part of the
social media team keeping things going with social
media and keeping cord in touch with the mission
control team back in the Bay Area. We had, as
part of the permitting process, we had to provide
daily reports to the Australian Antarctic Division,
who is the permitting authority, to let them
know how we were doing and what we were up to.
And so all of those things took time. But when
you're out there, it's a real rush to be there.
And so you want to stay awake for for a lot of
it but get sleep when you need to so that you
can actually function well. I'm sure that's a
challenge and actually it's bringing to mind
what I kind of envisioned for a lot of the outer
space missions that you know everything's on
a checklist and everything's you know kind of
set and ready to go so that you know, you do
just, you know, the minimal amount of deployment
that you can do to make sure you get everything
and get it safely back. Yeah, absolutely. I mean,
if you've got, you typically have a lot of time
before the expedition goes, and that's when you
need to make sure that you have plans for how's,
what are you going to do? What are you going
to do when Plan A doesn't work or when something
fails? Who's going to be doing what? What are
the likely scenarios you're going to encounter?
Everything that you can document or go through
beforehand, you want to make sure is done and
is dealt with. Because again, you don't want
to expend any more energy on things while you're
out in the field than you need to. So the more...
the more you can plan ahead of time, the more
that you can put the work of the expedition into
the planning side rather than on island, the
more time that you have to do the science and
to the documentation that you want to do. All
excellent and interesting stuff. And so we're
going to give the listeners a chance to ask some
questions here in just a little bit. I'll be
back to take your calls after this message from
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Just search for HamTalk Live. So it's time for
your calls. If you have a question for Bill,
give us a call right now at 812 -NET -HAM -1,
812 -638 -4261, or you can Skype us. Our account
there is at HamTalk Live. And you can tweet us
at HamTalk Live. And I think Bill even made up
a hashtag of herd questions. You can you can
get us that way too. So if you have a question
about any of the science or any of the The expedition
stuff from her to island give us a call eight
one two net ham one is the number so While we're
waiting to see if we have any colors that that
know that we're on a day early here Tell us a
little bit about some of the environmental restrictions,
some of the concerns that you had going into
Heard Island that, you know, they don't want
the environment disrupted any more than necessary.
Tell us a little bit about the concerns and some
of those restrictions for going there and living
there for a couple of weeks and taking the samples.
Sure. Well, Heard Island is a UNESCO World Heritage
Site and is designated that way both for its
unique geology being a hotspot type volcanic
island at a place that may have some remnant
continental crusts underneath it and also for
its unique ecosystem. Heard Island, unlike all
of the other sub -Antarctic islands, was never
uh, infested with any sort of, uh, human -introduced
species, at least not that anybody is aware of.
Uh, there are some grasses that have probably
been introduced from Kerguelen Island, uh, that
may have been brought over by birds, so there
are some potentially invasive species on island,
uh, and we had to take special precaution and
had special permitting requirements around that.
It's also an IUCN strict nature reserve. And
that means that there is a lot that's being done.
There's a very detailed plan about the management
of the island. And so it has this management
plan. Talks about what biosecurity requirements
you need to have in order to access the island
so in order to get on the island you need to
have a Rodent free ship and it needs to be certified
rodent free you need to use Various measures
to make sure that there are no rodents to be
introduced You need to have traps set up both
on the island and on the ship They need to be
monitored. You also have to clean off your...
Everything needs to be thoroughly cleaned before
it goes on the island. Boots need to be cleaned.
The tents had to be cleaned. All the gear had
to be either new or pristine. And there were
thorough inspections as we were loading the ship
to make sure that everything was going to be
cleaned and that the... environment would not
be at risk from our expedition. Once you get
there, it's a leave no trace situation. And that
goes all the way to packing out solid waste.
So all solid waste gets packed out. Liquid waste
of certain types can be disposed of below the
high tide line. but generally everything got
put back into containers and brought back to
the ship for transport on to Australia. So it
was challenging to meet those protections, but
when you think about how important scientifically
that ecosystem is, all of those protections are
quite reasonable and it's in line with the sort
of protections that are in place in Antarctica
and other high -value ecosystems. Very good.
812 Net Ham 1 is phone number 812 -638 -4261.
If you have a question, give us a call or give
us a Skype call or a tweet. Just look for HamTalk
Live. What was your favorite part of the trip?
Well, there There were a lot of favorite parts
of the trip. One of the favorite radio moments
came in the first couple days. The first day
that we were on the island, we set up the tents,
we set up a few of the antennas, we put the camp
together, and then went to bed exhausted. Although,
even though we were exhausted, each of us had
a one hour radio shift through the night. So
we were on the radio all hours through that first
night. The next day, we were working on putting
up more antennas, since all of our antennas were
good only at night. So we put up more antennas.
And late in the afternoon, it was time to get
back on the air on the lower bands again and
so I Managed to be the person to get get on the
air and I was a little bit daunted by that as
one of the the less experienced amateur radio
operators knowing that I would be coming up against
a very very busy time so I Sat down in the chair
got all set up Called who you know who wants
to come come talk to heard island and on the
very first call I get get a response from kilo
6 Sierra Romeo Zulu and Get get him in the log
right away and It was kind of funny because not
only did I get a response on the very first call
from a nice loud station, but I actually know
Dr. Eshelman from my time in Berkeley. And I
found out later that evening after my shift was
over that it turned out that that was the last
of the 340 countries and territories around the
world that he was looking for to get the complete
set. So it was fun that my first contact of the
day was then on the first call. was someone that
I knew and for his uh for his last of the 340
territories very nice very nice what are some
other uh some of the other favorite moments there
well it was also kind of fun uh while we were
on the ship um we had quite a bit of time to
uh sit and watch the scenery uh and one morning
I Got up and we were we were welcome to go on
to the bridge to see what was going on and spend
time with the officer of the watch up there and
so I went up and One morning just to see what
was going on and was told. Oh, we've got some
dolphins off of our bow. So I got to go out Go
out on deck and take a look as these dolphins
were Just playing around right in our bow wave
just inches from the ship. So it was fun to see
those. It was also a lot of fun to see these
new to me sea birds. And it made me feel... It
was a very tough time identifying the birds because
as a Minnesota and California resident, I had...
was not familiar with my southern ocean seabirds.
Albatrosses were completely new to me. And so
it was a challenge looking at the birds and trying
to pick out the distinguishing marks, particularly
given that some of the southern ocean seabirds
are known for being very difficult to distinguish,
sometimes even difficult to distinguish if you
have them right there in your hand, which I didn't.
They like to move quickly and stay just far enough
away from the camera to make it hard to get pictures
of them. 812 Net Ham 1 is the phone number 812
-638 -4261 and we'll keep on talking here while
we're waiting for your calls. So go ahead and
give us a call whenever you want and we'll get
you in here. Now tell us a little bit about your
blog and some of the data. We've mentioned a
little bit of some of the things that are available
there on your blog. So talk a little bit about
some of this data that's openly available for
people to see on there. Sure. So one of the purposes
of the blog that I have, and that's Inquisitive
Rockhopper, One of the purposes is to help me
make sure that I do do the reading to know what's
going on on Heard Island, but then I try and
share that with my readers as well as looking
at some of the current events that are visible
by satellite on Heard Island. So earlier this
month on February 4th Landsat 8, which is one
of the U .S. Earth observing satellites, flew
over Heard Island and was taking images in a
number of different wavelengths or colors. And
I've been watching these images for quite a while.
I took a look at this one and it was really incredible
because we had in the image some visible lava
or debris flows at the summit of the volcano
and when I looked at the infrared bands it was
clear that there was at least an active eruption
or there was at least hot material at the surface
near the summit and also what I interpret as
a active lava flow. at the time as this satellite
flew over. So that was a really interesting thing
to see. And I've been looking at some of that
as well as sharing a little bit about how to
find the images and how to process the images
using some software called QGIS, which is pretty
neat. I also did a little bit of modeling. of
an interesting problem with some of the seabirds.
I had four or five pictures of birds that I'd
taken from a flock of about 40. And it was expected
to be a mixed species flock, and all four of
the photos were of one species, which was expected
to be the less frequent species. So I wanted
to know how many of those were, could I statistically
say, were in that flock, and ended up doing some
computer modeling to figure out how many I could
definitively say, or at least justifiably say
were in that. And it was about half of them.
I guess I would also be remiss to point out that
some of what I've talked about on the blog and
I talk about on Twitter is, of course, the gratuitous
penguin pictures. There are four different species
of penguins that breed on Heard Island, king
penguins, gentoo penguins, macaroni penguins,
though I feel like if they had a radio microphone
or a Morse code key in their hand. They might
be a Marconi penguin. There we go. And my personal
favorite, the southern rockhopper penguin. So
all four of those breed on the island and we
were able to find penguins of each of those species.
The rockhoppers were a little bit tricky to find
because they they like to stay on Well pretty
rocky places and in lava tubes and in places
that humans have trouble getting to either because
it's just physically difficult to access or because
much of the island has significant protections
so even though we were a scientific expedition
There were a number of places that the permit
said You are not to go here because there are
lava tubes that might be under foot that could
collapse or there are sensitive bird areas and
the scientific activities that you've proposed
don't require you to be there so don't go there.
Yeah, very good and we just tweeted out the link
to the to the blog that you're mentioning the
inquisitiverockhopper .wordpress .com and I'll
get that out on Facebook here right after the
show. but that's on Twitter right now so you
can go take a look at that at your leisure and
we're just about out of time here so any closing
thoughts you want to get in we've got about a
minute left. All right yeah well this this was
really a wonderful Expedition to be part of it
was great to have so much support from the community
Throughout the process both at the front end
and then while we were on island And then it
was fun hearing from Folks even on the radio
as we were on the ship on the way home made a
few contacts there and had a lot of people Who
were clearly looking looking out for us? So it
was really wonderful to be part of the expedition
and it's been a a great time learning about the
science and history of Heard Island. So thanks,
Neil, for the invitation to be here on the show.
Well, thank you for coming on. We really appreciate
you sharing all the science behind the Heard
Island de -expedition and a little bit about
the operations as well. And hope that you'll...
Continue sharing some of that stuff and we'll
be looking for that on your blog All right. Sounds
good. Thanks very much. All right, that is Dr.
Bill Mitchell, A -E -0 -E -E. And that is a wrap
for this week's edition of HamTalk Live. Thanks
to Dr. Bill Mitchell, A -E -0 -E -E, and everyone
out there in cyberspace for listening. And we
invite you back at our usual time next week,
Thursday night at 9 p .m. Eastern Time. And our
guest is going to be Michael Kalter, W8CI. He's
the spokesperson for the Dayton Hamvention. And
he's going to be here to update us on all the
new things happening with the new side of the
Dayton Hamvention. And, uh, some of the things
that have happened even just this week, uh, some
of the, uh, online functions have come on and
they're making some moves. So we'll get the official
word from him next week and you can call in and
ask your questions right here at 812 -NET -HAM
-1 and may have some other folks from DARA with
him as well. We're still trying to work that
out but we know that Michael's going to be here
and then we'll be back on again. before the Hamvention
to fill us in on everything. So we look forward
to that next week and we'll be back at our usual
Thursday at 9 p .m. For a list of all of our
upcoming guests, be sure to visit HamTalkLive
.com. So for now, this is Neil Rapp, WB9VPG,
saying 7375 and may the good DX be yours. 7 -3
and good luck from HamTalk Live.