WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.720 All right, welcome to the deep dive. Today we're 00:00:02.720 --> 00:00:06.660 gonna be looking into something that feels as 00:00:06.660 --> 00:00:09.199 real as like the ground beneath our feet, something 00:00:09.199 --> 00:00:12.560 we experience every waking moment, and that's 00:00:12.560 --> 00:00:15.980 time. But what if that ever -present TikTok isn't 00:00:15.980 --> 00:00:18.600 quite what we think it is? What if the latest 00:00:18.600 --> 00:00:21.280 scientific discussions are pointing to a reality 00:00:21.280 --> 00:00:24.339 where time, as we perceive it, isn't fundamental, 00:00:24.600 --> 00:00:28.030 but actually emerges from something deeper? Get 00:00:28.030 --> 00:00:30.969 ready, because we're about to explore some truly 00:00:30.969 --> 00:00:33.670 mind -bending ideas about the very nature of 00:00:33.670 --> 00:00:35.609 existence. Yeah, that's a great way to put it. 00:00:35.890 --> 00:00:38.429 You know, for centuries, our scientific understanding 00:00:38.429 --> 00:00:41.149 has rested on this really solid foundation of 00:00:41.149 --> 00:00:44.170 time as a constant and unwavering flow from the 00:00:44.170 --> 00:00:46.649 past through the present into the future. And 00:00:46.649 --> 00:00:50.009 Isaac Newton, his giant of science, described 00:00:50.009 --> 00:00:53.560 it as... Absolute, true, and mathematical time 00:00:53.560 --> 00:00:56.399 flows equably without relation to anything external. 00:00:57.200 --> 00:00:59.840 This was the bedrock of classical physics, the 00:00:59.840 --> 00:01:01.719 framework through which we understood the universe. 00:01:02.020 --> 00:01:04.019 Okay, so let's really nail down this Newtonian 00:01:04.019 --> 00:01:06.260 view for a second. Yes. It's what feels intuitively 00:01:06.260 --> 00:01:09.599 correct, right? Time just marches on. It's this 00:01:09.599 --> 00:01:14.680 steady beat and events unfold within that progression. 00:01:15.000 --> 00:01:17.560 It's like a stage where the universe plays out 00:01:17.560 --> 00:01:20.209 its drama. and everyone experiences that stage, 00:01:20.269 --> 00:01:22.549 that beat, in the same way. Everyone's on the 00:01:22.549 --> 00:01:25.489 same page. Yeah, it's a very ordered and predictable 00:01:25.489 --> 00:01:27.709 picture of the universe. Right. But then in the 00:01:27.709 --> 00:01:30.989 early 20th century, along came Einstein, and 00:01:30.989 --> 00:01:34.230 our understanding of the universe took a dramatic, 00:01:34.230 --> 00:01:37.230 dramatic turn. Yeah. This idea of time is this 00:01:37.230 --> 00:01:39.609 absolute constant who really started to crumble. 00:01:39.870 --> 00:01:44.349 Yes. Einstein. Suddenly, time wasn't this fixed 00:01:44.349 --> 00:01:46.930 entity anymore. Tell us about the revolution 00:01:46.930 --> 00:01:49.329 that he sparked. Well, with his special theory 00:01:49.329 --> 00:01:51.950 of relativity, Einstein revealed something truly 00:01:51.950 --> 00:01:55.510 astonishing. Time isn't universal. It's relative 00:01:55.510 --> 00:01:58.230 to the observer's motion. So imagine you're watching 00:01:58.230 --> 00:02:00.469 someone zoom past you in a super -fast spaceship, 00:02:00.469 --> 00:02:02.930 nearing the speed of light. For that person on 00:02:02.930 --> 00:02:05.069 the spaceship, time would actually pass more 00:02:05.069 --> 00:02:07.030 slowly than it would for you, standing still. 00:02:07.250 --> 00:02:09.650 This phenomenon is called time dilation, and 00:02:09.650 --> 00:02:12.229 it was a complete upheaval of Newton's concept 00:02:12.229 --> 00:02:15.610 of absolute time. What's fascinating here is 00:02:15.610 --> 00:02:18.870 that time became intrinsically linked with space, 00:02:19.389 --> 00:02:21.490 forming this four -dimensional fabric we now 00:02:21.490 --> 00:02:24.870 call space -time. So the core takeaway for us 00:02:24.870 --> 00:02:29.250 is time isn't this fixed background. It actually 00:02:29.250 --> 00:02:31.770 stretches and shrinks depending on how fast you're 00:02:31.770 --> 00:02:34.129 moving relative to something else. So the faster 00:02:34.129 --> 00:02:36.710 you hurdle through space, the slower you journey 00:02:36.710 --> 00:02:39.310 through time, at least relative to someone who 00:02:39.310 --> 00:02:41.990 isn't moving as fast. That's still a head -scratcher. 00:02:42.169 --> 00:02:43.909 even though it's a well -established part of 00:02:43.909 --> 00:02:46.189 science. Yeah, exactly. But Einstein wasn't finished 00:02:46.189 --> 00:02:48.889 there, was he? He went on to then bring gravity 00:02:48.889 --> 00:02:51.310 into the picture, warping it even further with 00:02:51.310 --> 00:02:53.849 the general theory of relativity. Precisely. 00:02:54.090 --> 00:02:56.210 General relativity showed us that gravity isn't 00:02:56.210 --> 00:02:58.270 a force pulling objects together, but rather 00:02:58.270 --> 00:03:00.689 the curvature of the space -time fabric caused 00:03:00.689 --> 00:03:03.409 by the presence of mass and energy. Yeah. And 00:03:03.409 --> 00:03:05.629 this curvature has a profound effect on the flow 00:03:05.629 --> 00:03:08.840 of time as well. For example, Time actually runs 00:03:08.840 --> 00:03:11.319 ever so slightly faster in regions of weaker 00:03:11.319 --> 00:03:13.340 gravitational fields, like high up on a mountain. 00:03:13.419 --> 00:03:15.840 OK. Compared to down in a valley where gravity 00:03:15.840 --> 00:03:19.419 is a bit stronger. That's incredible. So my smartwatch 00:03:19.419 --> 00:03:22.599 would technically take a minuscule amount faster 00:03:22.599 --> 00:03:25.099 if I were hiking at a high altitude. Exactly. 00:03:25.419 --> 00:03:27.479 And this isn't just some abstract theoretical 00:03:27.479 --> 00:03:31.199 notion. It has very tangible real world consequences. 00:03:31.879 --> 00:03:34.060 Think about the global positioning system, or 00:03:34.060 --> 00:03:37.219 GPS. OK. The satellites orbiting Earth are moving 00:03:37.219 --> 00:03:40.340 at high speeds and are in a weaker gravitational 00:03:40.340 --> 00:03:43.180 field than we are on the surface. Now according 00:03:43.180 --> 00:03:45.659 to relativity, the weaker gravity makes their 00:03:45.659 --> 00:03:48.280 onboard clocks run faster while their high speed 00:03:48.280 --> 00:03:51.000 makes them run slower. The net effect is that 00:03:51.000 --> 00:03:53.319 their clocks run slightly faster than clocks 00:03:53.319 --> 00:03:56.500 on Earth. If engineers didn't meticulously account 00:03:56.500 --> 00:03:59.500 for this relativistic time dilation, GPS navigation 00:03:59.500 --> 00:04:02.240 would be off by as much as 10 kilometers every 00:04:02.240 --> 00:04:05.620 single day. So while relativity demonstrated 00:04:05.620 --> 00:04:08.419 that time is relative and intertwined with space, 00:04:08.840 --> 00:04:11.479 it still treated time as a fundamental dimension 00:04:11.479 --> 00:04:14.259 within that space -time fabric. Okay, so we've 00:04:14.259 --> 00:04:17.879 gone from absolute time to relative time. But 00:04:17.879 --> 00:04:20.120 time was still a basic component of the universe. 00:04:20.620 --> 00:04:22.319 But now we're hearing that quantum mechanics, 00:04:22.759 --> 00:04:25.860 the physics of the very small, introduces yet 00:04:25.860 --> 00:04:28.410 another twist in this story. It does indeed. 00:04:28.449 --> 00:04:30.910 When we delve into the quantum realm, the world 00:04:30.910 --> 00:04:33.689 of atoms and subatomic particles, time is often 00:04:33.689 --> 00:04:35.810 treated in a fundamentally different way compared 00:04:35.810 --> 00:04:39.069 to relativity. In quantum mechanics, time is 00:04:39.069 --> 00:04:41.689 typically viewed as a fixed external parameter. 00:04:41.970 --> 00:04:44.529 It's the stage against which the probabilities 00:04:44.529 --> 00:04:46.810 of various quantum events unfold and evolve. 00:04:47.410 --> 00:04:49.629 This is quite a contrast to relativity, where 00:04:49.629 --> 00:04:52.290 time is dynamic and intimately woven with space. 00:04:52.790 --> 00:04:55.189 This fundamental difference in how time is handled 00:04:55.189 --> 00:04:57.990 has been a major source of tension and a significant 00:04:57.990 --> 00:05:01.189 challenge in trying to unify these two incredibly 00:05:01.189 --> 00:05:03.569 successful descriptions of the universe. So these 00:05:03.569 --> 00:05:07.050 two foundational pillars of modern physics, relativity 00:05:07.050 --> 00:05:09.589 for the very large and quantum mechanics for 00:05:09.589 --> 00:05:12.290 the very small, seem to have conflicting roles 00:05:12.290 --> 00:05:15.470 for time. And now we're venturing into an even 00:05:15.470 --> 00:05:18.149 more radical idea. That time itself might not 00:05:18.149 --> 00:05:21.149 even be a fundamental aspect of reality. But 00:05:21.149 --> 00:05:23.569 something that actually emerges from a deeper 00:05:23.569 --> 00:05:27.089 level. So where does this mind -bending concept 00:05:27.089 --> 00:05:29.930 originate? A crucial piece of this puzzle comes 00:05:29.930 --> 00:05:33.269 from the truly bizarre phenomena of quantum entanglement. 00:05:34.170 --> 00:05:37.810 Imagine two microscopic particles linked together 00:05:37.810 --> 00:05:41.470 in an incredibly deep and fundamental way such 00:05:41.470 --> 00:05:44.629 that they share the same fate. No matter how 00:05:44.629 --> 00:05:47.550 vast the distance separating them, if you measure 00:05:47.550 --> 00:05:50.009 a specific property of one particle, say its 00:05:50.009 --> 00:05:53.029 spin, whether it's up or down, the other particle 00:05:53.029 --> 00:05:55.730 will instantaneously exhibit the opposite spin. 00:05:55.870 --> 00:05:57.930 That's the spooky action at a distance. that 00:05:57.930 --> 00:06:00.610 Einstein famously coined, right? It sounds like 00:06:00.610 --> 00:06:01.769 something straight out of science fiction, but 00:06:01.769 --> 00:06:04.129 it's been repeatedly confirmed through experiments. 00:06:04.589 --> 00:06:07.269 Exactly. And this instantaneous connection, this 00:06:07.269 --> 00:06:09.470 correlation that seems to occur faster than light 00:06:09.470 --> 00:06:11.850 could travel, really challenges our classical 00:06:11.850 --> 00:06:14.629 understanding of causality. Our everyday experience 00:06:14.629 --> 00:06:17.370 of cause and effect is so deeply rooted in the 00:06:17.370 --> 00:06:20.209 idea of events happening in a specific temporal 00:06:20.209 --> 00:06:24.189 sequence. A happens, then B happens. Right. Entanglement 00:06:24.189 --> 00:06:26.750 seems to bypass this. OK, so these entangled 00:06:26.829 --> 00:06:29.029 particles appear to be connected in a way that 00:06:29.029 --> 00:06:31.750 transcends our usual notions of space and time. 00:06:32.629 --> 00:06:35.629 So how does this leap from these spooky connections 00:06:35.629 --> 00:06:38.389 to the idea that time itself might be emergent? 00:06:39.610 --> 00:06:42.149 Well, some physicists propose that the very fabric 00:06:42.149 --> 00:06:44.750 of time might arise from this quantum entanglement. 00:06:45.350 --> 00:06:48.269 Consider the Page -Wooders mechanism, a concept 00:06:48.269 --> 00:06:52.089 proposed back in 1983. It suggests that within 00:06:52.089 --> 00:06:55.310 an entangled system, the experience of time can 00:06:55.310 --> 00:06:57.589 emerge from the correlations between its different 00:06:57.589 --> 00:07:00.649 components. Essentially, one part of the entangled 00:07:00.649 --> 00:07:04.069 system can act as a kind of clock, and its entanglement 00:07:04.069 --> 00:07:06.009 with another part gives rise to the perception 00:07:06.009 --> 00:07:09.170 of the passage of time. And the shocking insight 00:07:09.170 --> 00:07:12.529 here is that the very ticking of a clock might 00:07:12.529 --> 00:07:16.350 not be fundamental, but a result of how different 00:07:16.350 --> 00:07:18.910 parts of the quantum world are intertwined. So 00:07:18.910 --> 00:07:21.009 it's like the ticking of a clock in one tiny 00:07:21.009 --> 00:07:23.850 subsystem only becomes meaningful because it's 00:07:23.850 --> 00:07:26.069 intrinsically linked and correlated with changes 00:07:26.069 --> 00:07:28.970 happening in another entangled subsystem. Exactly. 00:07:29.329 --> 00:07:32.089 And the profound implication of this is that 00:07:32.089 --> 00:07:34.949 without this fundamental entanglement, the universe 00:07:34.949 --> 00:07:37.410 at its most basic level might appear completely 00:07:37.410 --> 00:07:41.459 static. utterly unchanging. This strongly suggests 00:07:41.459 --> 00:07:44.060 that time isn't a fundamental ingredient of reality, 00:07:44.500 --> 00:07:47.800 but rather a consequence, an emergent property 00:07:47.800 --> 00:07:50.920 of these underlying quantum correlations. That's 00:07:50.920 --> 00:07:53.079 a truly difficult concept to get my head around. 00:07:53.379 --> 00:07:55.579 A static, unchanging universe at its deepest 00:07:55.579 --> 00:07:58.259 level. It feels completely contrary to everything 00:07:58.259 --> 00:08:01.220 we observe. Yeah. How do physicists even begin 00:08:01.220 --> 00:08:03.879 to reconcile that with the obvious flow of time 00:08:03.879 --> 00:08:06.060 we all experience? It is a radical departure 00:08:06.060 --> 00:08:09.040 from our intuition. And one of the key tools 00:08:09.040 --> 00:08:11.519 physicists use to explore this is the Wheeler 00:08:11.519 --> 00:08:14.800 -DeWitt equation in quantum gravity. This is 00:08:14.800 --> 00:08:16.980 a really important equation in our attempts to 00:08:16.980 --> 00:08:19.879 create a theory of quantum gravity, to understand 00:08:19.879 --> 00:08:22.279 gravity at the quantum level. And one of its 00:08:22.279 --> 00:08:24.680 most surprising features is the complete absence 00:08:24.680 --> 00:08:28.240 of time as a variable. It suggests that the universe 00:08:28.240 --> 00:08:30.860 as a whole might be described by a timeless wave 00:08:30.860 --> 00:08:34.080 function. In this view, Time only emerges when 00:08:34.080 --> 00:08:37.860 we consider specific smaller subsystems within 00:08:37.860 --> 00:08:40.500 the vast universe and examine their relationships 00:08:40.500 --> 00:08:42.960 and entanglements with each other. So the constant 00:08:42.960 --> 00:08:45.820 flow of time that we perceive is almost like 00:08:45.820 --> 00:08:48.320 an illusion. Yeah. A consequence of how different 00:08:48.320 --> 00:08:51.240 parts of the universe interact and become entangled. 00:08:51.529 --> 00:08:54.230 That's the essence of the idea of emergent time. 00:08:54.549 --> 00:08:57.210 And this concept has some really profound implications. 00:08:57.889 --> 00:09:00.649 It challenges the fundamental separation of space 00:09:00.649 --> 00:09:03.629 and time that we find in relativity. And it offers 00:09:03.629 --> 00:09:06.529 a potential pathway to bridge the deep divide 00:09:06.529 --> 00:09:09.870 with quantum mechanics, where time has traditionally 00:09:09.870 --> 00:09:13.370 been treated as a fixed backdrop. It strongly 00:09:13.370 --> 00:09:16.210 hints at the possibility of a deeper, more fundamental 00:09:16.210 --> 00:09:19.230 theory of reality, where space -time itself, 00:09:19.330 --> 00:09:22.570 and therefore time, arises from more basic quantum 00:09:22.570 --> 00:09:25.590 processes. Theories like string theory and loop 00:09:25.590 --> 00:09:27.610 quantum gravity are actively exploring these 00:09:27.610 --> 00:09:30.049 ideas. String theory, for instance, suggests 00:09:30.049 --> 00:09:32.350 that time might emerge from the vibrations of 00:09:32.350 --> 00:09:35.370 fundamental strings. While loop quantum gravity 00:09:35.370 --> 00:09:38.529 proposes, it arises from the interactions of 00:09:38.529 --> 00:09:40.929 discrete chunks of spacetime. And the Wheeler 00:09:40.929 --> 00:09:43.590 -Dewitt equation keeps resurfacing as a key piece 00:09:43.590 --> 00:09:46.610 of this puzzle, pointing towards that possibility 00:09:46.610 --> 00:09:50.149 of a timeless underlying reality. These are some 00:09:50.149 --> 00:09:52.070 of the leading theoretical frameworks trying 00:09:52.070 --> 00:09:54.830 to go beyond our current understanding and potentially 00:09:54.830 --> 00:09:58.149 explain how space -time itself emerges from something 00:09:58.149 --> 00:10:01.389 deeper. This is all incredibly mind -bending 00:10:01.389 --> 00:10:05.190 stuff. If time isn't a fundamental... aspect 00:10:05.190 --> 00:10:07.830 of the universe. What does that mean for our 00:10:07.830 --> 00:10:09.710 understanding of, well, just about everything? 00:10:09.850 --> 00:10:12.870 It opens up a cascade of fascinating possibilities 00:10:12.870 --> 00:10:15.090 and challenges our current understanding on many 00:10:15.090 --> 00:10:17.750 fronts. In fields like quantum computing and 00:10:17.750 --> 00:10:20.490 information theory, if time truly originates 00:10:20.490 --> 00:10:23.629 from quantum correlations, then perhaps by skillfully 00:10:23.629 --> 00:10:25.990 manipulating these fundamental connections, we 00:10:25.990 --> 00:10:28.490 could discover entirely new and revolutionary 00:10:28.490 --> 00:10:32.110 ways to process and utilize information philosophically. 00:10:32.509 --> 00:10:35.090 It profoundly challenges our linear perception 00:10:35.090 --> 00:10:38.190 of reality as a strict sequence of events unfolding 00:10:38.190 --> 00:10:41.549 one after another. The concept of a block universe 00:10:41.549 --> 00:10:44.529 where all moments in time, past, present, and 00:10:44.529 --> 00:10:47.929 future coexist simultaneously, gains significant 00:10:47.929 --> 00:10:50.990 traction. Our deeply ingrained perception of 00:10:50.990 --> 00:10:53.590 a distinct and ever -present now might simply 00:10:53.590 --> 00:10:56.450 be a construct of our minds. I block universe. 00:10:56.789 --> 00:10:58.570 Yeah. That sounds like something straight out 00:10:58.570 --> 00:11:00.970 of a science fiction movie. It does. The entirety 00:11:00.970 --> 00:11:03.830 of existence. Right. All moments past, present, 00:11:03.850 --> 00:11:07.110 and future existing at once. That's the implication. 00:11:07.190 --> 00:11:10.009 Wow. And it's a truly radical shift in perspective. 00:11:10.440 --> 00:11:13.059 Interestingly, this idea actually resonates with 00:11:13.059 --> 00:11:15.019 certain interpretations of Einstein's theory 00:11:15.019 --> 00:11:18.500 of relativity, which also suggests that all points 00:11:18.500 --> 00:11:21.919 within space -time are equally real, effectively 00:11:21.919 --> 00:11:26.399 blurring the lines of a universal now. This emerging 00:11:26.399 --> 00:11:28.600 understanding of time could also be absolutely 00:11:28.600 --> 00:11:30.860 crucial in finally achieving the long sought 00:11:30.860 --> 00:11:33.379 -after unification of quantum mechanics and general 00:11:33.379 --> 00:11:37.440 relativity, the two dominant and incredibly successful 00:11:37.440 --> 00:11:40.120 frameworks of modern physics that have stubbornly 00:11:39.850 --> 00:11:42.809 resisted being combined into a single coherent 00:11:42.809 --> 00:11:45.269 theory. What about our own personal experience 00:11:45.269 --> 00:11:48.129 of time? Yeah. That undeniable feeling that it's 00:11:48.129 --> 00:11:50.269 constantly moving forward, the sense of past, 00:11:50.450 --> 00:11:52.970 present, and future. Does this idea of emergent 00:11:52.970 --> 00:11:55.110 time offer any insights into our consciousness? 00:11:55.629 --> 00:11:58.289 Absolutely. Some compelling theories propose 00:11:58.289 --> 00:12:00.889 that our brains play a pivotal role in imposing 00:12:00.889 --> 00:12:04.970 a sense of flow and causality onto what might 00:12:04.970 --> 00:12:08.210 be, at a fundamental level, a timeless quantum 00:12:08.210 --> 00:12:10.970 reality. Cutting -edge neuroscience research 00:12:10.970 --> 00:12:14.090 is revealing how our brains actively organize 00:12:14.090 --> 00:12:17.309 the constant barrage of sensory inputs to construct 00:12:17.309 --> 00:12:20.350 a coherent narrative of past experiences, the 00:12:20.350 --> 00:12:22.990 present moment, and future possibilities. This 00:12:22.990 --> 00:12:25.350 remarkable ability for mental time travel is 00:12:25.350 --> 00:12:27.480 likely vital for our survival and our ability 00:12:27.480 --> 00:12:30.220 to plan and learn. But this raises a profound 00:12:30.220 --> 00:12:33.500 question. Is our deeply felt perception of time 00:12:33.500 --> 00:12:36.279 a direct reflection of objective reality as it 00:12:36.279 --> 00:12:38.899 truly is? Or is it more of a highly sophisticated 00:12:38.899 --> 00:12:41.679 survival mechanism, an interpretation our brains 00:12:41.679 --> 00:12:44.399 create? And if time is indeed an illusion at 00:12:44.399 --> 00:12:46.799 a fundamental level, what are the implications 00:12:46.799 --> 00:12:50.159 for core concepts like free will and causality? 00:12:50.600 --> 00:12:54.419 If all moments in time coexist, does our subjective 00:12:54.419 --> 00:12:56.960 sense of making choices in the now become nothing 00:12:56.960 --> 00:12:59.899 more than an elaborate construct of our minds. 00:13:00.000 --> 00:13:03.120 Wow. That takes the philosophical implications 00:13:03.120 --> 00:13:06.600 to an entirely new and deeply unsettling level. 00:13:07.000 --> 00:13:09.460 So to try and synthesize this incredible journey 00:13:09.460 --> 00:13:12.639 into the nature of time, current scientific discussions 00:13:12.639 --> 00:13:14.960 are fundamentally challenging our deeply ingrained 00:13:14.960 --> 00:13:18.279 intuition that time is this basic ever flowing 00:13:18.279 --> 00:13:21.480 constant of the universe. Precisely. The weight 00:13:21.480 --> 00:13:24.000 of scientific evidence and theoretical exploration 00:13:24.000 --> 00:13:26.740 increasingly suggests that time, as we consciously 00:13:26.740 --> 00:13:29.539 experience it, might be an emergent phenomenon, 00:13:30.200 --> 00:13:32.240 potentially arising from the strange and deeply 00:13:32.240 --> 00:13:34.980 interconnected world of quantum mechanics, with 00:13:34.980 --> 00:13:37.200 quantum entanglement playing a starring role. 00:13:37.519 --> 00:13:39.879 And this isn't just some abstract academic thought 00:13:39.879 --> 00:13:42.889 experiment, is it? No, it's not. This has potentially 00:13:42.889 --> 00:13:45.950 profound consequences for how we understand the 00:13:45.950 --> 00:13:48.370 very fabric of reality, the fundamental workings 00:13:48.370 --> 00:13:50.809 of the cosmos, and even our own consciousness 00:13:50.809 --> 00:13:53.309 and our perception of existence. So if time as 00:13:53.309 --> 00:13:56.370 we experience it is ultimately a construct, what 00:13:56.370 --> 00:13:58.250 does that truly mean for the fundamental nature 00:13:58.250 --> 00:14:01.230 of cause and effect? And could our understanding 00:14:01.230 --> 00:14:04.669 of the seemingly simple word now be radically 00:14:04.669 --> 00:14:06.750 different from how we currently perceive it? 00:14:07.009 --> 00:14:10.600 It's certainly a lot to contemplate. Thank you 00:14:10.600 --> 00:14:12.700 for guiding us through this deep dive into the 00:14:12.700 --> 00:14:15.559 surprisingly elusive nature of time. And thank 00:14:15.559 --> 00:14:17.960 you to you, our listener, for embarking on this 00:14:17.960 --> 00:14:20.379 mind -bending exploration with us. Until our 00:14:20.379 --> 00:14:22.740 next deep dive, keep those questions burning.