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Hey everyone and welcome back for another deep dive.

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This time we're gonna be tackling quantum computing.

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Oh yeah.

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It's one of those things that, you know,

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seems very far out there.

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Right.

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But the more you look into it,

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you realize it's actually a lot closer than you might think.

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Yeah, it really is.

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I mean, it is.

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And there are actual machines being built.

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Absolutely.

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And I think that's what makes it so fascinating

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to think about.

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Yeah, so we've got some really interesting source material

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for this deep dive.

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Including a discussion between

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physicist Brian Green and MIT professor Seth Lloyd.

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Okay.

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And Seth Lloyd is actually, you know,

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one of the people on the front lines

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of building these quantum computers.

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Wow.

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So I mean, who better to hear from

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than someone who's actually, you know,

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working on making this a reality.

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Yeah, that's incredible.

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So the big question we're gonna try to answer

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in this deep dive is,

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could quantum computers really revolutionize everything?

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From, you know, code breaking to artificial intelligence

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and really everything in between.

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Right.

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And I think what's really captivating about this field

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is that we're talking about computers

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that operate on entirely different principles.

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Yes.

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Than the ones we use every day, you know?

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It really is tapping into this bizarre world

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of quantum mechanics.

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Where particles can be in multiple states at once.

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Yeah, I definitely remember that from physics class.

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But it always just kind of felt like a thought experiment

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to me. Right.

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Like how do you actually go from electrons behaving

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like waves to a machine that can like solve

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real world problems?

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Well, that's where I think starting with the strangeness

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of quantum mechanics is so important.

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Okay.

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You know, Richard Feynman, the brilliant physicist,

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he kind of said it best.

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He said, if you wanna make a simulation of nature,

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you'd better make it quantum mechanical.

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So he realized early on that really grasped the universe.

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We need computers that operate on the same principles

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as the universe itself.

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Okay, so that makes sense in theory.

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Yeah.

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But how do we actually like translate that

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into a functioning computer?

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Yeah, well, the key lies in this concept of superposition.

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So imagine a coin spinning in the air, you know?

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It's neither heads nor tails until it lands, right?

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Right.

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Well, in the quantum world,

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particles can exist in a similar state.

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They can be both up and down simultaneously

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until they're measured.

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Okay.

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And the impossibility to be in multiple states at once

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is what gives quantum computers their incredible power.

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So instead of bits which are either a zero or a one,

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we have these quibits.

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Yes.

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That can be both zero and one at the same time.

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Exactly.

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That's pretty mind-bending.

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It is.

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But how does that actually translate

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into computational power?

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So think of it this way with just three bits.

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A classical computer can represent only one

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out of eight possible combinations at a time.

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Okay.

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But a quantum computer with three quibits

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can explore all a possibilities simultaneously.

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Wow.

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It's like having eight computers working in parallel.

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Yeah, that's what I call multitasking.

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Right.

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But I'm guessing it's not as simple

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as just running every computation at once.

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You're absolutely right.

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There's gotta be more to it.

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The real challenge lies in designing quantum algorithms

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that can effectively utilize this parallelism.

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And these algorithms are incredibly complex

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and have to be tailored to specific problems.

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So it's not just about building these quantum computers

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but also figuring out how to program them.

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Exactly.

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To solve specific problems.

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Yes.

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What are some examples of those quantum algorithms?

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Well, one of the most famous ones is Schor's algorithm,

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which has the potential to break modern encryption.

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And that's a big deal because encryption relies

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on the fact that it's very difficult

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for classical computers to factor large numbers.

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Okay.

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But Schor's algorithm can do it exponentially faster.

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Wow.

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So it really does pose a significant challenge

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to cybersecurity as we know it.

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So the NSA might be a little nervous right now.

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Maybe so.

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What other kinds of problems can these quantum algorithms

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tackle?

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Another really intriguing one is Grover's algorithm.

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Okay.

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And this one was inspired by the technology

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behind phased array radar.

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And it can search through unsorted data

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much faster than any classical algorithm.

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Okay.

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So imagine searching through a massive database

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for a specific piece of information.

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Right.

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A classical computer would have to check each entry

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one by one.

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Right.

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But a quantum computer using Grover's algorithm

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could find it much more efficiently.

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That sounds incredibly useful for just about everything.

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It really does.

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From scientific research to just like searching the internet.

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Absolutely.

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But with all this potential,

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why aren't we seeing quantum computers everywhere already?

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Right.

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Are they just too expensive to build?

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Well, cost is certainly a factor,

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but I think the bigger hurdle is the sheer complexity

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of building and maintaining these incredibly delicate systems.

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Okay.

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You know, cleabits are extremely sensitive

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to their environment, which makes them prone to errors.

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So it's this constant battle against

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what's called decoherence.

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Where the quantum state collapses due to interaction

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with the outside world.

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So it's not just about building these machines,

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but also keeping them running smoothly,

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which sounds like a pretty big challenge.

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It is, and it requires, you know, cutting edge technology

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and meticulous engineering.

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We're talking about controlling the behavior

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of individual atoms and photons,

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which is a mind boggling feat.

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Wow, it sounds like building a quantum computer

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is like trying to balance a million spinning plates at once.

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Yeah, I think that's a good analogy.

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So it really does sound like an incredible

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engineering challenge.

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But let's say we do overcome those hurdles.

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Okay.

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What then, I mean, what is a future

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with quantum computers actually look like?

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That's when things get really exciting.

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You know, Seth Lloyd, who we mentioned earlier,

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he believes that while quantum computers

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won't be replacing your laptop anytime soon,

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they will excel at specific tasks

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that are currently impossible

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for classical computers to handle.

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So it's less about replacing our current technology

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and more about like augmenting it.

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Right.

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And opening up entirely new possibilities.

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Exactly.

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What kind of problems are we talking about specifically?

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What one area where quantum computers

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are expected to have a huge impact

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is in the field of materials science.

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So imagine being able to design new materials

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from the ground up, atom by atom,

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using quantum simulations to predict their properties

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with incredible accuracy.

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So we could create materials with,

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you know, very specific properties.

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Right.

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Like super strength or super conductivity.

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Exactly.

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That we can only dream of today.

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Yeah, and that could revolutionize everything

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from the way we build airplanes and cars

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to the development of new energy sources

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and medical devices.

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Speaking of medicine,

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I've heard that quantum computers

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could also have a major impact on healthcare.

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Yeah.

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How so?

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Well, one of the most promising applications

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is in drug discovery.

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Okay.

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You know, currently developing new drugs

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is a very lengthy and expensive process,

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involves a lot of trial and error.

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Right.

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But with quantum computers,

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we could simulate the interactions

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between molecules at an atomic level.

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Okay.

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And that would allow us to design and test new drugs

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much more efficiently.

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So it's like having a virtual laboratory

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where we can experiment with different drug candidates.

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Right.

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Without having to synthesize them in the real world.

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Things as a...

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That could significantly speed up the process

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of bringing life-saving medications to market.

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Precisely.

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And it's not just about developing new drugs.

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Quantum computers could also help us understand

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complex biological processes.

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Okay.

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So that would lead to, you know,

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personalized medicine tailored to an individual's

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unique genetic makeup.

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So no more one-size-fits-all treatments.

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Right.

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We could actually have therapies specifically designed

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for each patient's needs.

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Exactly.

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That's incredible.

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But I know you mentioned earlier

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that quantum computers could also pose a threat

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to cybersecurity.

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Right.

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Can you elaborate on that a bit more?

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Yeah.

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So as we talked about,

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Shor's algorithm has the potential

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to crack the encryption methods

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that protect our online data.

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Okay.

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And this is because most modern encryption

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relies on the difficulty of factoring large numbers.

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Right.

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Which is a task that's extremely challenging

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for classical computers.

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But relatively easy for quantum computers

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running Shor's algorithm.

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So all of our online banking and shopping

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and communication could be vulnerable

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if someone were to get their hands

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on a powerful enough quantum computer.

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Yeah.

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That's a legitimate concern.

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However, it's important to note

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that the cybersecurity community

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is well aware of this threat.

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Okay.

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And is actively working

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on developing quantum resistant encryption methods.

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So it's a bit of a race against time.

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The people developing quantum computers

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are trying to make them more powerful.

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Right.

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And the people working on cybersecurity

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are trying to stay one step ahead.

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Yeah.

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I like that analogy.

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It's like a real life technological arms race.

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Yeah.

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And it highlights the importance

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of collaboration and responsible development

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in this field.

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You know, we need to ensure

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that as we advance quantum computing,

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we do so in a way that benefits society as a whole.

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Right.

286
00:09:13,320 --> 00:09:15,760
Without compromising our security or privacy.

287
00:09:15,760 --> 00:09:16,640
That makes sense.

288
00:09:16,640 --> 00:09:18,120
So we've talked about materials,

289
00:09:18,120 --> 00:09:20,400
science medicine and cybersecurity.

290
00:09:20,400 --> 00:09:21,600
Are there any other fields

291
00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:23,320
where quantum computers are expected

292
00:09:23,320 --> 00:09:24,760
to have a major impact?

293
00:09:24,760 --> 00:09:26,440
Oh, there are many others.

294
00:09:26,440 --> 00:09:29,280
But perhaps the most exciting is the potential impact

295
00:09:29,280 --> 00:09:31,560
on our understanding of the universe itself.

296
00:09:31,560 --> 00:09:32,400
Okay.

297
00:09:32,400 --> 00:09:34,200
So quantum computers could enable us

298
00:09:34,200 --> 00:09:36,520
to simulate quantum systems.

299
00:09:36,520 --> 00:09:38,960
With unprecedented accuracy,

300
00:09:38,960 --> 00:09:42,880
providing insights into the fundamental laws of physics.

301
00:09:42,880 --> 00:09:44,680
And perhaps even shedding light

302
00:09:44,680 --> 00:09:47,560
on the mysteries of dark matter and dark energy.

303
00:09:47,560 --> 00:09:49,640
So we could unlock secrets of the universe

304
00:09:49,640 --> 00:09:51,880
that are currently beyond our grasp.

305
00:09:51,880 --> 00:09:52,720
It's possible.

306
00:09:52,720 --> 00:09:53,720
That's pretty mind blowing.

307
00:09:53,720 --> 00:09:54,560
It is.

308
00:09:54,560 --> 00:09:56,520
And it highlights the transformative potential

309
00:09:56,520 --> 00:09:57,800
of quantum computing.

310
00:09:57,800 --> 00:09:58,640
You know?

311
00:09:58,640 --> 00:10:00,520
We're not just talking about faster computers here.

312
00:10:00,520 --> 00:10:01,360
Right.

313
00:10:01,360 --> 00:10:02,800
We're talking about a fundamentally different way

314
00:10:02,800 --> 00:10:04,480
of processing information.

315
00:10:04,480 --> 00:10:06,280
One that could lead to breakthroughs

316
00:10:06,280 --> 00:10:08,920
in countless fields and reshape our understanding

317
00:10:08,920 --> 00:10:10,080
of the world around us.

318
00:10:10,080 --> 00:10:12,040
It all sounds incredibly promising.

319
00:10:12,040 --> 00:10:14,680
But I also wonder about the potential downsides.

320
00:10:14,680 --> 00:10:17,720
I mean, we've already touched on this cybersecurity threat.

321
00:10:17,720 --> 00:10:21,560
But are there other risks or challenges we need to consider?

322
00:10:21,560 --> 00:10:23,320
Well, there are certainly challenges.

323
00:10:23,320 --> 00:10:25,280
One is the issue of scalability.

324
00:10:25,280 --> 00:10:28,440
Building larger and more stable quantum computers

325
00:10:28,440 --> 00:10:29,960
is incredibly difficult.

326
00:10:29,960 --> 00:10:32,160
It's a bit like trying to build a house of cards

327
00:10:32,160 --> 00:10:33,520
on a vibrating table.

328
00:10:33,520 --> 00:10:37,200
So even if we can build small scale quantum computers,

329
00:10:37,200 --> 00:10:40,800
scaling them up to handle complex real world problems

330
00:10:40,800 --> 00:10:42,480
is a whole other ball game.

331
00:10:42,480 --> 00:10:43,080
Exactly.

332
00:10:43,080 --> 00:10:45,120
And there's also the issue of accessibility.

333
00:10:45,120 --> 00:10:45,600
OK.

334
00:10:45,600 --> 00:10:48,040
You know, quantum computers are currently very expensive

335
00:10:48,040 --> 00:10:49,080
to build and operate.

336
00:10:49,080 --> 00:10:53,560
So access to this technology is limited to a select few research

337
00:10:53,560 --> 00:10:55,680
institutions and companies.

338
00:10:55,680 --> 00:10:58,720
So there's a risk that the benefits of quantum computing

339
00:10:58,720 --> 00:11:01,280
could be concentrated in the hands of a few,

340
00:11:01,280 --> 00:11:04,080
exacerbating existing inequalities.

341
00:11:04,080 --> 00:11:05,200
That's a valid concern.

342
00:11:05,200 --> 00:11:08,680
And it's something that we as a society need to address.

343
00:11:08,680 --> 00:11:10,920
We need to ensure that the development and deployment

344
00:11:10,920 --> 00:11:13,520
of quantum computing is done in a way that benefits all

345
00:11:13,520 --> 00:11:16,120
of humanity, not just a select few.

346
00:11:16,120 --> 00:11:17,120
Absolutely.

347
00:11:17,120 --> 00:11:19,440
It's crucial to have these conversations now,

348
00:11:19,440 --> 00:11:22,000
while the technology is still in its early stages,

349
00:11:22,000 --> 00:11:24,640
to make sure that we're prepared for the societal and ethical

350
00:11:24,640 --> 00:11:26,120
challenges that lie ahead.

351
00:11:26,120 --> 00:11:27,280
I completely agree.

352
00:11:27,280 --> 00:11:29,120
As with any powerful new technology,

353
00:11:29,120 --> 00:11:31,880
there are both risks and rewards to consider.

354
00:11:31,880 --> 00:11:34,520
It's up to us to guide the development of quantum computing

355
00:11:34,520 --> 00:11:37,360
in a responsible and beneficial direction.

356
00:11:37,360 --> 00:11:39,560
Well, we've certainly covered a lot of ground today.

357
00:11:39,560 --> 00:11:40,240
We have.

358
00:11:40,240 --> 00:11:44,600
From the mind-boggling science behind quantum computers

359
00:11:44,600 --> 00:11:47,200
to the potential benefits and challenges they present.

360
00:11:47,200 --> 00:11:48,080
Right.

361
00:11:48,080 --> 00:11:50,960
But what does it all mean for the everyday person?

362
00:11:50,960 --> 00:11:54,920
How might quantum computing impact our lives in the years

363
00:11:54,920 --> 00:11:55,480
to come?

364
00:11:55,480 --> 00:11:57,480
That's a great question, and one that we'll explore in more

365
00:11:57,480 --> 00:11:58,800
detail in our final segment.

366
00:11:58,800 --> 00:11:59,300
OK.

367
00:11:59,300 --> 00:11:59,960
So stay tuned.

368
00:11:59,960 --> 00:12:01,680
All right, so welcome back to our deep dive

369
00:12:01,680 --> 00:12:03,280
into the world of quantum computing.

370
00:12:03,280 --> 00:12:06,440
We've gone through the science behind it and the potential.

371
00:12:06,440 --> 00:12:06,960
Yeah.

372
00:12:06,960 --> 00:12:08,360
And even some of the challenges.

373
00:12:08,360 --> 00:12:08,760
Right.

374
00:12:08,760 --> 00:12:10,400
But now let's bring it all home.

375
00:12:10,400 --> 00:12:10,880
OK.

376
00:12:10,880 --> 00:12:14,680
And talk about what this quantum future might actually

377
00:12:14,680 --> 00:12:16,720
mean for you, the listener.

378
00:12:16,720 --> 00:12:18,680
It's fascinating to think about, isn't it?

379
00:12:18,680 --> 00:12:19,200
It is.

380
00:12:19,200 --> 00:12:23,440
This technology, which seems so abstract and complex,

381
00:12:23,440 --> 00:12:26,760
could actually have a tangible impact on our everyday lives.

382
00:12:26,760 --> 00:12:27,240
Exactly.

383
00:12:27,240 --> 00:12:30,040
And it's not just a theoretical concept confined to research

384
00:12:30,040 --> 00:12:31,440
labs anymore.

385
00:12:31,440 --> 00:12:35,040
So let's paint a picture of this quantum future.

386
00:12:35,040 --> 00:12:35,560
OK.

387
00:12:35,560 --> 00:12:38,240
How might it affect the way we live and work

388
00:12:38,240 --> 00:12:39,520
and interact with the world?

389
00:12:39,520 --> 00:12:42,320
Well, imagine a world where your doctor can prescribe

390
00:12:42,320 --> 00:12:47,080
personalized medicine tailored to your unique genetic makeup

391
00:12:47,080 --> 00:12:50,200
thanks to the insights gained from quantum simulations

392
00:12:50,200 --> 00:12:51,760
of biological processes.

393
00:12:51,760 --> 00:12:54,360
So treatments that are much more effective and with fewer

394
00:12:54,360 --> 00:12:55,200
side effects.

395
00:12:55,200 --> 00:12:55,560
Right.

396
00:12:55,560 --> 00:12:57,720
Because they're specifically designed for you.

397
00:12:57,720 --> 00:12:58,240
Exactly.

398
00:12:58,240 --> 00:12:59,920
That's a game changer for health care.

399
00:12:59,920 --> 00:13:01,120
And it's not just medicine.

400
00:13:01,120 --> 00:13:03,160
Think about how quantum computing could

401
00:13:03,160 --> 00:13:05,040
revolutionize communication.

402
00:13:05,040 --> 00:13:05,400
OK.

403
00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:08,520
We could have ultra secure lightning fast networks

404
00:13:08,520 --> 00:13:11,400
that make our current internet look like dial up.

405
00:13:11,400 --> 00:13:11,760
Wow.

406
00:13:11,760 --> 00:13:14,000
No more buffering videos or drop calls.

407
00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:14,520
Right.

408
00:13:14,520 --> 00:13:15,680
Sign me up for that.

409
00:13:15,680 --> 00:13:18,000
And beyond just speed and security,

410
00:13:18,000 --> 00:13:20,680
imagine the possibilities for entertainment.

411
00:13:20,680 --> 00:13:21,200
Yeah.

412
00:13:21,200 --> 00:13:24,120
Virtual reality experiences could become so immersive

413
00:13:24,120 --> 00:13:26,680
and realistic that you could literally step

414
00:13:26,680 --> 00:13:29,280
into your favorite movie or video game.

415
00:13:29,280 --> 00:13:30,440
That sounds incredible.

416
00:13:30,440 --> 00:13:32,880
But you know, I also remember you mentioned potential job

417
00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:34,360
displacement is concern.

418
00:13:34,360 --> 00:13:34,800
Right.

419
00:13:34,800 --> 00:13:37,920
How might quantum computing affect the job market?

420
00:13:37,920 --> 00:13:38,520
Yeah.

421
00:13:38,520 --> 00:13:41,440
It's true that some jobs currently done by humans

422
00:13:41,440 --> 00:13:44,240
could be automated by quantum computers.

423
00:13:44,240 --> 00:13:45,800
But it's important to remember that this

424
00:13:45,800 --> 00:13:49,400
has been the case with every major technological advancement.

425
00:13:49,400 --> 00:13:50,000
That's true.

426
00:13:50,000 --> 00:13:52,160
You know, the key is to adapt and focus

427
00:13:52,160 --> 00:13:54,840
on developing new skills that are in high demand.

428
00:13:54,840 --> 00:13:57,200
So instead of fearing automation,

429
00:13:57,200 --> 00:13:59,600
we should embrace the opportunities

430
00:13:59,600 --> 00:14:01,800
that quantum computing will create.

431
00:14:01,800 --> 00:14:02,440
Exactly.

432
00:14:02,440 --> 00:14:04,600
It's about being prepared for the shift

433
00:14:04,600 --> 00:14:07,600
and focusing on areas where human ingenuity will still

434
00:14:07,600 --> 00:14:08,800
be essential.

435
00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:09,360
Absolutely.

436
00:14:09,360 --> 00:14:11,720
There will always be a need for human creativity

437
00:14:11,720 --> 00:14:13,880
and problem solving and critical thinking,

438
00:14:13,880 --> 00:14:16,520
especially in fields like quantum software development

439
00:14:16,520 --> 00:14:17,680
and algorithm design.

440
00:14:17,680 --> 00:14:18,680
Right.

441
00:14:18,680 --> 00:14:20,280
It sounds like the key takeaway here

442
00:14:20,280 --> 00:14:22,440
is that quantum computing isn't just about building

443
00:14:22,440 --> 00:14:23,720
faster computers.

444
00:14:23,720 --> 00:14:25,480
It's about a fundamental shift in the way

445
00:14:25,480 --> 00:14:26,960
we process information.

446
00:14:26,960 --> 00:14:27,680
Right.

447
00:14:27,680 --> 00:14:30,960
One that has the potential to revolutionize countless aspects

448
00:14:30,960 --> 00:14:31,920
of our lives.

449
00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:32,680
Exactly.

450
00:14:32,680 --> 00:14:34,880
And it's a journey we're all on together.

451
00:14:34,880 --> 00:14:37,760
The decisions we make today about how we develop and use

452
00:14:37,760 --> 00:14:40,280
this technology will shape the quantum future

453
00:14:40,280 --> 00:14:42,120
for generations to come.

454
00:14:42,120 --> 00:14:44,040
So as we wrap up our deep talk, I

455
00:14:44,040 --> 00:14:46,440
want to leave our listeners with a final thought.

456
00:14:46,440 --> 00:14:48,760
Quantum computing is no longer science fiction.

457
00:14:48,760 --> 00:14:49,280
Right.

458
00:14:49,280 --> 00:14:52,280
It's a rapidly evolving field with the potential

459
00:14:52,280 --> 00:14:55,400
to transform our world in ways we can only begin to imagine.

460
00:14:55,400 --> 00:14:58,120
And it's up to all of us to stay informed, engaged,

461
00:14:58,120 --> 00:15:00,840
and curious about this exciting new frontier.

462
00:15:00,840 --> 00:15:03,320
The future is waiting to be shaped.

463
00:15:03,320 --> 00:15:05,240
And who knows what incredible breakthroughs

464
00:15:05,240 --> 00:15:07,080
await us in this quantum age.

465
00:15:07,080 --> 00:15:08,640
Well, thanks for joining us on this deep dive

466
00:15:08,640 --> 00:15:09,800
into quantum computing.

467
00:15:09,800 --> 00:15:19,760
We'll see you next time.