in a world brimming with complexity few creatures
embody harmony like the honeybee with tireless
precision she dances from bloom to bloom each
motion guided by millennia upon millennia of
instinct each act in service to the whole and
then There are the beekeepers, watchful stewards
of this ancient symbiosis. Part agriscientist,
part poet, they move along their hives with the
efficiency of mow, levy and curly, tending to
the bees' needs as best they can comprehend,
and with the infrequency of a waterfall in the
Sahara, sometimes running off flapping and flailing
like a penguin on a hot sidewalk. This is their
journey. Welcome, welcome to Be Love, Be Keeping
presented by our great friend, Man Lake. First
up on the podcast today is our new weekly feature
called Inside the Hive and it's brought to you
by Primal Bee. When the outside temperatures
drop, have you ever wondered exactly what's going
on inside a beehive? Imagine if you and 20 ,000
of your best friends were stuck in an ice box.
The first thing you'd want to do is all gather
close together to share your body heat. Honey
bees are much the same. When the temperatures
drop outside, they try to keep warm inside by
clustering together. In fact, they cluster in
a three -dimensional ball and vibrate similar
to our shivering to keep warm. Bees on the inside
of the cluster take turns moving to the outside
to share the duties of generating heat. At the
same time, the bees inside the cluster are uncapping
cells of honey and eating their stores which
in turn helps them generate heat and keeps them
alive. When honey is depleted in one area of
the hive, the entire cluster slowly moves to
another area with more honey stores. The colder
it is, the more food they need. Winter bees,
they are absolutely amazing. Next time on Inside
the Hive, we'll look at how a queen bee gets
made and it all comes down to what she eats for
lunch. Now give a warm welcome to our very special
guest. All right, one last time we're here at
the North American Honey Bee Expo and we've got
Joshua Scott with us today. Do you go by Joshua
or Josh? Josh, thank you. Josh, how are you?
I'm doing good. How are you? I'm great. This
has been fun. It's the last day. Are you worn
out yet? I am worn out. I mean, I tell every
new beekeeper that comes to the North American
Honey Bee Expo for the first time that it's an
absolute marathon. You got to pace yourself.
Don't try to get done with everything in one
day. I know they sell a one day ticket, but I
don't know how anybody could possibly see everything
within just one day. Well, and if you do you're
gonna miss all the seminar all the seminars and
the honey show and I mean they have the Silent
auctions and of course this trade show is absolutely
massive. They didn't give me a free pass So I'm
not gonna pitch them any more than that. We're
done with that No, it's been a lot of fun and
just the energy. There's really a but sorry almost
said buzz around here I don't mean to be puns,
but Josh you live here in the Louisville area.
I do How did you get into beekeeping in the first
place? Or I should say why? Well, yeah, so I
actually started about five years ago when the
pandemic started. And just like a lot of people,
you know, that were stuck at home, I was thinking,
you know, maybe I need a new hobby. And my mother
-in -law visited and she had mentioned to me
that she was going to get a nuke of bees. And
I'm an engineer by trade. I'm like, okay, so
what is a nuke of bees? And she said, well, it's
a nucleus. It's the start of a beehive to be
able to keep bees. And that's all it took. And
then I immediately went down the rabbit hole
and started reading every book on bees I could
get my hands on, watching hundreds of hours of
YouTube videos. And then, of course, getting
my first nuke back in 2020. Let's talk about
YouTube videos for a minute. Because I love this
topic in so many ways, because it's great and
it's horrible both. Oh yeah. Because there's
so much of it. There's a lot of it. And as you
know, every beekeeper's heard the old thing about
you ask 10 beekeepers the same question, you
get 11 different answers. YouTube has taken that
to the millionth degree. Absolutely. And so I'm
wondering if you have advice for people on, without
naming specific channels. How do they know what
they can believe on YouTube? Yeah, it's not easy.
It's difficult, especially for somebody that's
just getting started in beekeeping. The main
advice that I generally give people that are
just starting out, almost all beekeepers can
agree as far as a book that beekeeping for dummies
is a great start. So I will point people in that
direction. And then when it comes to actual content,
I do point people towards the ones, the more
trusted names. We won't name any of them, but
those of you probably listening know who I'm
talking about. A lot of them are here at the
North American Honey Bee Expo. But it's like
anything in life. You want to learn from someone
that has experience and a lot of experience.
And so that's what I did. So when I first started
watching YouTube videos to try to learn... I
did some research and I found out who some of
the top YouTube beekeeping personalities were,
looked at their background to see how many years
they had been keeping bees. A lot of them were
commercial beekeepers and that you have to be
careful with that because if you just want to
start out as a hobbyist, some of the advice that
they're going to be giving is going to be geared
towards being a commercial beekeeper and not
necessarily a backyard beekeeper, but it's a
good place to start. You're not going to be able
to get all your information and all you're learning
from YouTube, but it is a tremendous resource
that we have that beekeepers many years ago never
never had never had that opportunity. Yeah, it
really can be. If you're thinking, oh, wow, I'm
going to do my first split this spring. I don't
know how to do it. Well, the split bees. But
there is a nice thing about YouTube, and that
is that you can learn 10 different methods. Yep.
And then you can look at it and say, this one
kind of rings true with me. Yeah. or my mentor
here in wherever I live, Minnesota or South Dakota
or South Florida recommends doing this kind.
Now I can actually see it and do something about
it. So that's some of the good things about it,
but start with a mentor. Start with somebody
local too. Exactly. Yeah, I'd tell, I recommend
all new beekeepers. The first thing I do is join
your local bee club if you have one in your area.
If they have a Facebook group page, I recommend
that they join that Facebook group page because
you'll be able to start interacting with them
I think it's very important as a new beekeeper
that you attend field days if your local club
offers though because you truly don't know how
you're going to feel or react when you have tens
of thousands of bees buzzing and flying around
your head until you experience it and Beekeeping
can be very expensive to get into So you want
to avoid spending thousands of dollars until
you know that you're actually going to be comfortable
around a bunch of bees, a bunch of stinging insects,
right? And so I always recommend that you participate
in your local club's field days to get that experience.
And usually, you know, if you truly are going
to become a beekeeper, you're going to get hooked.
There's something about the love of bees. Well,
that's what this is all about, but... What is
it? Why do we fall in love with them? They're
just bugs. They're bugs, but they're God's little
miracles. I mean, they're so amazing. They're
a super organism. How is it that thousands of
insects can work in perfect harmony to produce
all of these amazing products like beeswax and
honey and propolis and do it in complete darkness
while silently communicating with each other?
and then they can swarm and bivouac out on a
tree and find a new colony miles away with pinpoint
accuracy because of a thing called the waggle
dance. Eric, I mean, it's it's absolutely mind
blowing. And I think anybody that starts to go
down the rabbit hole of beekeeping and honeybees
quickly becomes fascinated with these creatures.
Let's see what we can learn today. Sure. I hear
you know a lot about winterization, even midwinter
checks and things like that. Let's talk about
that. What do you recommend? And again, it's
different for wherever you live. That's exactly
right. Your winter is not as harsh as mine or
somebody in Canada or something like that. That's
exactly right. But give me some recommendations
or tips. Yeah. So I mean, I think the main thing
when you're preparing, at least and I'm going
to speak to this, I'm in the Kentucky Midwest
United States region. So we have cold winters,
but they're not brutally cold winters. So we
only have like maybe two or three months here.
where our bees are truly stuck inside. And so
late fall is generally when I'm focused, I've
already extracted the honey, and now I'm in the
mind frame of preparing my bees for the winter.
So what exactly does that mean? Well, the number
one thing that you got to make sure is that you're
taking care of mites. You know, Varroa destructor,
public enemy number one, we've all heard of it.
So you absolutely have to get your mite load
down in the late summer. an early fall heading
into the winter. The beekeeping calendar starts
in August. That's when that queen is going to
start raising those fat bees that have the higher
fat bodies that have to be able to live for four
or five months in the colony all the way through
the winter. If those bees are sick, your colony
is not going to make it. So the number one thing
you have to do, and there's a large variety of
ways to kill the Varroa mites, but you have to
get your mite loads down as low as you can. I'm
sorry to interject, but I need to emphasize something
you said a minute ago. Late summer and fall,
do not wait till October. It's too late. To test
and then do something about it. That's exactly
right. You've got to keep these things under
control all year long, especially as you're getting
later and later in the summer. And later in the
summer, when the bee population is on decline,
the Varroa population is actually on the increase
still. So that's why it's extremely important
in that time of year to really knock the mites
down. Whether you use a formic acid or use a
thymol -based treatment or whatever, you need
to get a large knockdown and do your mite checks.
Now, once you get your mites under control, the
other thing that you need to double check and
make sure is that your colonies are at the appropriate
weight. If you've extracting a lot of the honey
or taking most of the honey from the bees, you
need to feed your bees. You have to feed them.
You've got to get that colony weight up to where
it needs to be heading into winter. Now in my
own apiary, I exclusively run single brood management,
which means that my target weight for each colony
is somewhere in the 60 to 70 pound total weight,
everything, including not just the brood chamber,
but everything. And so if I can get my bees,
by feeding them a thick two to one syrup and
I can get them up to 60 or 70 pounds, I know
that that colony is going to be pretty good going
into the wintertime. Let's just jump into single
brood management for a minute, because a lot
of people have never heard of it. I don't know
enough about it. You were telling me earlier
it's different than the Demery method, which
is a form of single brood management. Tell me
how you do it. Yeah, so I mean. Basically, when
I first started beekeeping, I think the very
first year with my very first colony, I ended
up using double deeps, which that means is there's
two brood chambers for the queen to lay in, which
if you're using the American Langstroth with
10 frames, that's a total of 20 frames. And that
can produce some pretty large colonies, which
is fine. But as a brand new beekeeper, there
are times where you need to find and locate the
queen. And that can be quite challenging. with
these supermassive large colonies, right? And
so I don't exactly know how I got turned on to
it, but I think it was my buddy Cody who actually
mentioned he runs some singles as part of his
operations. I said, singles, what's that? And
he said, oh, just a single brood management.
Well, that was enough to pique my interest. So
then of course, you know me, I went down the
rabbit hole of singer brood management and did
a bunch of research on it. And there's just a
lot of advantages with single brood management.
Of course, there are some disadvantages and we
can talk about that. There's less equipment to
maintain. It's easier if you need to find the
queen. You're only looking in 10 frames versus
20 or 30 if you run triple deeps. The manipulation
is easier. There's just a lot of advantages to
the single brood management. And so I just, Eric,
I just turned to single brood management and
I never looked back and I've been doing it ever
since. using queen excluders above that box.
That's correct. So when I place honey supers
on, I will place a metal queen excluder right
above the brood chamber, and then I'll put my
honey supers on. But if you look at the actual
math, and how many cells per frame, you know,
you could get, what, 2, 3 ,000 cells per frame,
and then you multiply that times 10, that queen
has plenty of room to lay in there. Now, that
you have to be more active in terms of your management
with single brood because one of the downsides
is you'll have a lot more swarming behavior.
Because it's quicker for those bees and that
queen to run out of room, fill up with brood,
that brood pheromone triggers the urge for those
bees to want to swarm, so you just have to be
careful and you have to really kind of manage
the colonies a little closer than if you just
had a double deep and you can kind of walk away
maybe for a while and come back and check later.
So what do you do if they're filling up? Yeah,
if I mean, if they're filling up, generally speaking,
I'll make sure that they have enough room for
supers. So if my flow is just start right before
the flow actually begins, I'll just make sure
that I have plenty of drawn comb and that I would
say I'll pause there. That's probably the biggest
advantage is if you already have drawn comb and
you can provide drawn comb to your bees, that's
going to suppress that urge to swarm. It may
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to learn more. And so what I will do is if I
have a colony that's just absolutely taken off
and that queen is laying like crazy and there's
brood all over in that brood nest, I can pull
some of those brood frames and I can donate it
to colonies that are behind or smaller colonies
and then I can take a frame that has nothing
but drawn open comb, put that in that colony
and now that queen has a whole new place to lay.
and that helps suppress that urge to swarm. Explain
why the drawn out comb is so important versus
just empty frames with foundation. That's right.
Well, for one, bees are not going to draw wax
unless they have to, right? It takes energy,
it consumes resources for the bees, and they're
just not going to do it. So they won't draw wax
all year round. So we always like to say in the
beekeeping world that drawn comb is a beekeeper's
gold. because the resource is there and ready
for the bees to use right away. So if you have
drawn comb and you put that into a brood chamber
or your single deep, your queen is going to immediately
seek that out and start to lay in those cells.
Now, if the bees also are running out of room,
let's say you're in the middle of a nectar flow.
And with one of the downsides of single brood
management is that your colony can become what's
called honey bound or nectar bound easier than
in a double deep. you have to keep an eye on
that. If your bees are starting to plug the brood
chamber and the nest with nectar during a strong
flow, you got to have that drawn comb on hand
so you can pull those frames out, put the drawn
empty comb back in there so the queen has a place
to lay. Yeah. And if the queen sees a frame of
just foundation with no drawn comb, She doesn't
see it as a place to lay. Correct. She's out
of space. That's right. Time to head out. It's
time to head out. It's gonna trigger that urge
to swarm. The bees need time. They've got those
wax producing glands that are only active during
a few days of a worker bee's life. It takes time
to draw that comb out. That queen bee is wanting
to lay one to two thousand eggs a day during
the strong, during a strong flow. And so really
only during a strong flow when there's plenty
of nectar around. is when the bees are going
to want to draw that wax. Outside of that, they're
not going to want to draw wax. OK, I know I got
a soft track. Yeah. Let's get back to winter
for just a second. Do you do any kind of winter
checks? I mean, how do you know come end of January
they've got enough to eat in there? No. So I
use a device called a Vivaldi board and it is
basically it's a quilt box. And every single
one of my colonies, I place a Vivaldi board on
top of those colonies. Inside the Vivaldi board,
I make a custom shim. And now I'm a fan of the
Hive Alive winter fondant patty. So every single
one of my colonies gets a fondant patty prophylactically.
Meaning, even if that colony, and I do weigh
my colonies going into winter, is up to the proper
weight, like we talked about, 60 or 70 pounds,
There are some colonies that will still chew
through and eat a lot of that, and you have to
be careful in terms of starvation risks towards
early spring before the flow starts. And so every
one of my colonies gets one of those fondant
patties, and the Volity Board makes it really
easy to where you can open the top, open the
inner cover, and you can visually see... if they've
started to consume the paddy that's inside of
them. So even on a cold day. Even on a cold day,
that's like it. And I put insulation inside of
a volatility board. So again, it functions in
two ways. It functions as a quilt box, and it
also allows me to feed the bees throughout the
winter time, which really, I mean, really helps
any sort of starvation issues. Yeah, great. All
right. Where else do you go? I mean, we talked
a little bit about swarms of where we came on
camera here. And if this single brood management
creates more swarms, are you only trying to control
it or are you trying to catch swarms? Are you
doing a lot of splits? What are you doing? Yeah,
I don't do a lot as funny because I was just
talking to some other beekeepers about this.
I don't do a lot of active swarm suppression.
I guess in my particular setup, my apiary is
on my property, so I'm able to go out there and
just visually inspect two or three times a day.
And if I happen to see a swarm, Generally, a
lot of times they will bivouac into a tree or
a branch that's very close to my apiary before
they actually relocate to their final destination
and I'll just go capture that swarm and provide
them with a new home. So I just don't, I don't
actively try to suppress the urge to swarm. Every
single colony wants to swarm and it can just,
it can be a lot of manipulation to act if you're
going to, you know, maybe some people like to
clip their queen's wings. Some people will inspect
every frame and if they see swarm cells, they'll
go in and pinch those swarm cells. I just kind
of keep an eye on them. I can tell the ones that
are doing really well that want to swarm. And
really, Eric, I just hope to catch them in their
biv -lack state within my apiary. I'm sure I
lose a few every year that just take off. I just
kind of look at it like I'm helping the natural
bee population. Cool. Let's talk about your business
a little bit. Sure. Is this a business for you
or a hobby? I did officially form it as an LLC
last year, but it is just a hobby. So my normal
day job, like I mentioned, I'm an engineer. So
this is just a hobby for me, but it's, you know,
it's just something that kind of took off on
its own. And I started participating in the local
farmers market and being able to provide value
added products like honey and beeswax and propolis
and things for my local community. really just
kind of energize me. It makes me feel good when
people approach me and say, I love your honey
or really appreciate you doing this to provide
for the local community. How many colonies are
you managing? So I'm currently managing 22 colonies,
yeah, by myself. That's a lot for a hobbyist.
It is a lot, but you know how B math works. You
start with one, then you have four, then you
have 10, now you have 20. So it's funny, you
actually have to actively try to keep your numbers
down. at a certain point. And so, but yeah. I
like it. And you do a lot of educational stuff
out there. Yeah. Tell us what you do and why.
Okay. So I started a YouTube channel, I think
it was a couple years ago called Bees in the
Weeds. And with the intent to just try to help
out newer beekeepers. So I was getting asked
a lot of questions from newer beekeepers. Josh,
you know, how do I do a walk away split? Josh,
how do I mark a queen? How do I do this? How
do I do that? And I found that I was answering
the same questions over and over again. And I
thought there's a better way to do this. And
so I just I was like, I'm going to record myself.
I'm just going to go out there in the bee yard.
I'm going to record myself doing a walk away
split. I'm going to upload it to YouTube. And
the next time I get asked that question, I'm
just going to send him the link and say, watch
this video. If you have any follow up questions,
reach out to me. I think it's great for business,
too. And if people see you there, and they realize,
oh, this guy knows what he's talking about. Okay.
So, therefore, if I need to get a nuke or something
else, he'd be a good guy to talk. Yeah, exactly.
Yeah, and I think, you know, credibility is a
big thing. Certainly, you have to, I don't know
what the right word is, have thick skin and a
high tolerance for some of the comments because
I'd say one of my biggest pet peeves, Eric, is
when I hear... Beekeepers say that there's only
one way to do something. You have to do it this
way. There's only the X way to do this wrong.
There are so many different ways to successfully
keep bees. And I remind people that of all the
time. And so I'll get a lot of comments on the
channel that, oh, you shouldn't do that. You
have to do it this way. And I'm like, no, your
way is is correct. Also, both are fine. You know,
it's like like beekeepers debating on screen
bottom boards versus solid bottom boards. They
both work. There's lots of different ways to
successfully keep bees. And so a lot of the education
that I do out there is demonstrating one method.
This is the method I use. If it speaks to you
and you think it seems like a good method you
want to try, give it a try. If you don't like
it and you want to try something else, great.
But it's like we were talking before we started
the podcast that folks that are beekeeping is
a very difficult hobby for those that are indecisive
because you have to just make a decision and
go with it. There is a lot of trial and error
with beekeeping. You will fail. Failure is fine.
You learn from your failures. And that's what
ends up making the really good beekeepers are
the ones that learn from the mistakes because
you just have to get in there and try. And that's
really what it's all about. That's such a good
attitude. How do you know who to trust? How do
you if you're brand new? Okay, and maybe you
are just a little bit indecisive because It's
ten answers to this one question. What do I do?
I I don't know. How do you do? Well, how do you
decide? I think you have to find a mentor you
have to find somebody local that you trust, right?
And if you if you're in an area where you don't
have a local bee club or somebody that can mentor
you You just have to find maybe a YouTube channel
or somebody that speaks to you that's like, I
really like the way that they're doing it. It
seems like that would work for me. I'm going
to give it a try. If it doesn't work, then maybe
try a different method and look on YouTube or
Google something different and try something
else. There's just a lot of trial and error and
beekeeping and that's okay. I think some people
get discouraged from that, but you should not
be discouraged from that. It's all about learning.
And bottom line, You're helping bees. You're
helping bees no matter what. And so that's why
I try to encourage new beekeepers. You're going
to feel overwhelmed. You're going to. It's going
to happen. But keep at it. That's why the retention
rate for beekeeping is so low. I want to say
I had an EAS Master Beekeeper tell me that, at
least in the state of Kentucky, it's as low as
15 % to 20 % the retention rate for new beekeepers
because it's challenging and it's frustrating.
But you just have to stick with it. You have
to want to learn. You have to want to keep learning.
And I really believe in using your intuition.
Yes. There are times when it's like, both of
these will probably work. I just want to try
to be in tune with my bees. And that sounds a
little silly. Yeah. And you just can't be afraid
to try. You can't. And the best experience is
time in your bees. time with your bees. That
is the best experience you're going to have.
You can watch all the videos, read all the books,
go to all the bee conferences that you want,
but you're going to learn the most by spending
time with your bees. And they may give you a
different answer one day than another day. Yeah,
they don't read all the books, Eric. They don't
read all the books. I don't really follow the
rules, right? And have you noticed their personality
changes? It does change. Yeah. Weather can change
it, environment, all sorts. I mean, they could
turn on you. That's right. Yeah. What happened
to my sweet, gentle bees? And then the next day,
they're just, it's turned into a hot colony and
they're chasing me out of the bee yard all the
way back to the truck. Yeah. And that doesn't
mean they need to be requited. Something else
may be going on. Maybe a raccoon or a skunk has
been bothering them at the night, you know? And
so they're extra defensive, you know? So the
more time that you spend in your colonies, you're
going to be able to read your bees better. And
you're going to be able to determine, like, well,
this is unusual behavior for this colony right
now. I wonder what's going on. And it even could
be genetics. It could be that the particular
drone that the queen mated with at that time,
that that drone, which the drones carry the defensive
characteristics, it could be that that particular
drone that was defensive, that those are the
bees that are coming out now. And if you just
give it time, the different drone, you know,
comes out later, and then all of a sudden you
have very common gentle bees again, and it's
the same queen. Yeah, because your queen's mating
with how many different drones? 15, 20 different
drones. And if one of those... So all those different
genetics are in there? Exactly right. If one
of the genetics is extremely hot and an angry
bee, you know, there's going to be a set of workers
that comes from that drone that's going to have
the aggressive trait. OK, last question. I should
have warned you about this up front, Josh. Every
beekeeper has had some kind of wild and crazy
story happen to them. Okay. Or embarrassing or
painful or hugely mistake or something. Do you
mind sharing one or two with us? Sure. I have
a video that's called What a Mess. And the reason
why it's called that is because one of my colonies,
and it's a Langstroth, and I just have it on
four by fours on concrete blocks, but... an entire
colony decided to take residence underneath of
the Langstroth colony. And it's a screen bottom
board. And when I mean take residence, I'm talking
a massive open hive. And so they actually built
out calm and everything, everything, everything.
I mean, it had to be 30, 40 ,000 bees underneath
this colony in between four by fours, tons of
drawn comb. So this video is me and my friend,
Jason, just fumbling around. trying to figure
out how to remove this open colony from underneath
this existing colony because they're not supposed
to be there. Now, I've been asked many questions,
Josh, why do you think this happened? The answer
is I don't know. What I think may have happened
is a queen returning from her mating flight and
she missed the landing board and went underneath.
And then all the worker bees were like, well,
she's under here. We're going to go under here
and we're going to this is our new home. And
so they just started building it from there.
But it. It was kind of embarrassing just because
I neglected it. I looked at it for weeks, and
I was like, I don't want to tackle that. Not
today. Not today. Maybe tomorrow. And of course,
it didn't fix itself. It's a problem that's not
going to fix itself. So eventually, I just had
to tackle it. And it took me a little while to
get it all corrected. I tried to harvest as much
of the brood and the comus I could. I actually
found the queen, which was crazy. I didn't think
I would find her, but I was like, oh, there she
is. rehomed them, put them in a different spot
in the apiary, tried to scrape everything away
so that it didn't happen again. What's the most
you've ever been stung in one day? Most I've
ever been stung in one day. Honestly, it was
probably in the apiary during dearthy conditions.
I just, you know, sometimes I glove up, sometimes
I don't. Just getting into a colony and I could
tell right away that they weren't having it.
But I had to get in there and do an inspection
and they were just kind of... they weren't happy
with me and they were letting me know. All right,
Josh Scott, bees in the weeds. Yeah, if you want
to check out the channel, bees in the weeds.
Thanks for spending time. Oh, thank you so much
for having me. This was a blast. Thank you. Thanks
again for joining us on Bee Love Beekeeping presented
by our great friends over at Man Lake. Hey, and
don't forget to order your bees. And a shout
out to V2B Health for their support. Vita's Viroa
Control Ranger products includes Epistan, Epigard,
and now Veroxan. Extended release, Oxalic Acid
Strips. Thank you so much guys. If you haven't
yet, please subscribe and follow the show, tell
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have a guest suggestion or topic that you'd like
discussed on the show, shoot me an email, erik
at Be Love Beekeeping dot com. And remember,
if you're not just in it for the honey or the
money, you're in it for the love. See you next
week.