in a world brimming with complexity few creatures
embody harmony like the honeybee with tireless
precision she dances from bloom to bloom each
motion guided by millennia upon millennia of
instinct each act in service to the whole and
then There are the beekeepers, watchful stewards
of this ancient symbiosis. Part agriscientist,
part poet, they move along their hives with the
efficiency of mow, levy and curly, tending to
the bees' needs as best they can comprehend,
and with the infrequency of a waterfall in the
Sahara, sometimes running off flapping and flailing
like a penguin on a hot sidewalk. This is their
journey. Welcome, welcome to Be Lovey Keeping
presented by our good friends over at Man Lake.
I'm not in my normal place today, in my office.
As you can see, we're at Appamondia Congress,
which is in Copenhagen, and we had a great first
day yesterday. Can't wait to see what's on tap
today. We're gonna have all kinds of learning
sessions and see all the new products. Someone
keeps walking in the frame. That's okay, this
is natural going on back here. And we're not
gonna try to film the whole conference for you.
But just to let you know in the coming weeks
we're going to have people on the show that we're
speakers here. We're going to be showing all
kinds of new products and it's going to be a
ton of fun. So let's go for it. Fast forward
a few days, I'm back home. The conference was
amazing. Epimonia is really a blend of where
beekeeping meets science. There were hundreds
of different speakers talking about their science
that they're working on and all of the things
that they're learning that are going to help
us with ViroA and all kinds of other things in
beekeeping. And the expo, wow, it had so many
businesses from around the world, all kinds of
new things for beekeeping. We'll talk about some
of those in the future, but since my voice isn't
going to last long, let's get to the interview
pre -recorded. Here it comes and it's a nice
feel -good story today. I'd like to welcome Elsa
Gallagher to the show today. Elsa, you are, are
you in North Dakota? I'm in Missouri. You are
not in North Dakota. I wasn't even close, but
the Bee and Butterfly Habitat Fund, that's where
you're headquartered, right? Yeah, yes. We have
a big reach and everyone works remotely in our
team. Well, give me an idea of what you do for
the fund. So I'm our habitat program director.
I work with landowners that we work with to put
projects on the ground. So I work one -on -one
with individual landowners, corporations, companies,
corporate campuses, cities, parks, conservation
departments, and we work to put good quality
pollinator habitat on the ground. at a reduced
rate for those partners that we work with, the
land partners that we work with. So let's start
with a 30 ,000 foot view and then we'll narrow
down to a bunch of topics, talk more detail.
But in general, why should a beekeeper or somebody
that's thinking about it or someone that just
loves honeybees, why should they care? Sure.
Well, it's not just the honeybees and the bees
these days. You know, the monarch butterfly is
about to be listed. as either an endangered or
a threatened species through the U .S. Fish and
Wildlife Service. We've got multiple bee species
that are in jeopardy, in danger, not just for
our food supply and for things like that, but
just general biodiversity and having those species
out there. To me, that's an important thing.
And I think most beekeepers would agree that
having great pollinator services is also a benefit
that certainly the honeybee provides. Boy, there's
just been so much that keeps hitting the beekeeper
these days and die -offs. We want to focus on
what we think is one of the bigger issues and
that is having high quality habitat or high quality
forage for bees. So let's be more specific. What
do you guys get into as far as habitat and forage?
So what we do is we develop a pollinator seed
mix for a landowner. Say a landowner comes in,
you know, Joe Bob Smith is coming in tomorrow
and he wants to work with us on developing habitat
or forage in his area. So we develop a plan for
him to get the site prepared, get the site ready,
and if his site is between two acres and 25 acres
in size. we provide free seed for that project.
And we break the project up into two pieces.
So if he's doing 20 acres, we give him 10 acres
of a very high diversity seed mix that's native
to his local area. And then the other 10 acres
is planted separately. to a bee mix. And that
bee mix has a lot of clovers in it, has a lemon
balm in it. There's a lot of different... Fasalia
in some states is included in that bee mix, but
the bee mix is really very forage rich for honeybees
especially. And then the other mix is more of
a diverse native mix that takes a couple more
years to establish, but eventually provides a
ton of diversity for that site. So let's say
I have a 10 acre place and I'm growing corn or
alfalfa or soybeans or something like that. And
I realized the benefits of having a border of
some kind of forage for pollinators. Can I get
with you and say, hey, I'm going to plant this
whole 10 acres, but I want a ring. Everything
was some good habitat. Is that something that
would qualify and how would you figure out what
I need to do? It would qualify if it met our
minimum of two acres. So we we don't do projects
smaller than two acres in size. That's just not
our niche. We do projects larger than 25 acres
in size though with more of a cost share approach
where we have you pay for part of it. However,
if you had an existing area and you wanted to
put in like you're talking about like a buffer
the habitat buffer around the outside and that's
that's kind of how we encourage our landowners
to plant anyway is to plant our our honey bee
mix our bee mix around as a as a border around
the native mix, which is usually planted in the
middle. So it's like a picture in a picture frame.
The frame is the bee mix around the outside and
the inside is the actual picture or the native
planting. And then that helps us, like if you
say you ever wanted to manage your site with
prescribed fire and manage that native planting
using burning, you can use that nice green strip
of clover. species, your bee mix, as a green
fire break. So it works really well. But in a
situation where you're just wanting to plant
like a border around a crop field, you can definitely
do that with both of our seed mixes. That can
work as well, as long as we can come up with
that two acre. Or, you know, you could do an
acre on your place and the neighbor could do
an acre on his place. We've done many projects
like that as well. Let's say I live in more of
an urban area and I want to get my city leaders
to realize Hey in some of the park strips or
along the highways and along the roads We need
to have this kind of stuff planted You have any
guidance for me or do you reach out to those
people for me or how does that work? It's easier
if a local person reaches out just because they
have those connections in the community and At
least with the beekeeping groups that I've worked
with come and given programs to and worked with.
They all seem to ask that same question and want
to be more active locally with their city. So
I'll give you an example of a Quincy Illinois
project that we worked on. The beekeepers came
to me, I came and gave a program about our habitat
program and No one in the room really raised
their hand and said, you know, I've got four
acres or two acres to do this. But one of the
guys said, you know, I know the parks guys. And
the parks guys might be interested. And so we've
ended up planting, working with their local parks
group on planting two different projects now
over the past couple of years for their pollinators.
And it was all because of that beekeeping club,
the Quincy Beekeepers. They did a really great
job of kind of communicating and trying to. open
a few doors for us. But we did do a few Zoom
calls with the city and I've also talked to folks
at universities. There's just a lot of different
opportunity and we're happy to get on a call
and try and help make something happen. But usually
those kind of things do better locally. We have
one project in Ohio that became a Bee City, a
certified Bee City. After doing our planting,
and we worked with them, they worked with their
FFA students, and the FFA students in the high
school actually did the planting. They did the
site prep, they did the planting, so any way
that we can get the community more involved in
the project, people have a little more buy -in
and are more interested in it. And so, for example,
we had a local beekeeper come out and bring an
observation hive when we did the planting that
day, and we had the local homeschool kids do
the planting. So we've done quite a few. different
things. People are excited about bees, really.
It's interesting to me. I think there was a lot
of really bad things about COVID. I think a few
of the good things are that people got a little
more interested in the homesteading movement
and really trying to keep bees. And so if we
can keep those people educated and they can be
good beekeepers and go through a mentor program
and learn how to do it right, I think it could
be a great thing for someone to take on and make
a part of their life. Okay let's talk for a minute
about just a lot of people out there that okay
they're not on 10 or 20 acres they live in much
more of a suburb kind of place and their house
is on a quarter acre and and they have one beehive
in the backyard. or they have no beehives but
they care about the pollinators. And on their
quarter acre they've got this beautiful Kentucky
bluegrass that some people call a green desert.
Give us an idea. What can we do? We may not be
able to get seeds from you but that's okay. There
are things that we can do. Give us some advice
here. There are. So cut that mowing down. I'm
not a fan of the lawn. As a wildlife biologist
my entire career, I do not see much benefit in
a lawn. There's bee -friendly things that you
can do to lawns. You can add a lot of species
to a lawn to make it a little more bee -friendly.
I would be tempted to kill off a portion of the
lawn and to plant something that would have more
pollen benefit, that would have more nectar resources
for migrating insects. So for me, that's what
I would do on a small site. You know, I would
go ahead and do a little planting. I think you
can have good habitat and provide a resource
for your pollinators that are moving through
the area, even if you can't keep them there full
time, you know, in your area, because you don't
have a large enough space, but you can always
do something. And you'll be amazed at the way
the insects start to use the area when you've
got more diversity. you know, less pesticide
use, those types of things. Just be aware of
those types of things on your property. And I
think if you can get some different species in
there, try and get as many different types and
varieties as you can because that benefits, you
know, more species. There's new research out
there that shows a little bit and I could talk
to you a little bit about that, Eric, but it
was I saw a really great talk just recently at
the Minnesota Honey Producers Association meeting
from Louis Bartlett down at UGA. and he talked
at length about how, even if the forage was better,
so better quality, more protein, more carbs,
it was just a better quality forage, but it was
a monoculture, just one, it was one planting,
that bees always do better, even if the forage
is lower quality, they always do better if there's
more diversity. So they showed that if there's
a lot more diversity in the pollen, and they're
bringing in food from lots of different plants,
that they always do better than they do on a
strict monoculture diet of just one species.
And I thought that was really interesting, and
he spoke right before I did, so it worked really
well when I was talking about trying to get people
to plant more diverse species and to get our
seed mixes are... A minimum, the native mix is
a minimum of 40 native species. Our Missouri
mix is 69 native species. Yeah, that just makes
sense. Not only for honeybees, but honeybees
are sharing their area with other native pollinators.
The state that I live in, we have 2 ,000 native
bee species, for example. And if you want, I'll
name them all alphabetically in just a minute.
kidding, but we see so many of them around here.
For example, I've mentioned on this podcast before
one of my favorite things in our yard, and I'm
planting more of them because the pollinators
like it so much, is a pussy willow tree. And
it doesn't just attract honeybees. It's the first
thing that they're attracted to in the spring.
But I go out there and there are I don't even
know how many different species of native bees
and bumblebees and butterflies. And it's just
really cool to see. And one doesn't exclude the
others. I know there have been some articles
recently about honeybees. Well, just Taking all
that forage and then the native bees are dying
off. I Don't know where I am I see them all working
together and having fun together and singing
kumbaya together and maybe I'm naive but But
I see a lot of synergy between all of them some
of the things that we've planted here Specifically
for honeybees this particular summer. We're covered
with bumblebees cool, okay At the Be a Waterfly
Fund, Eric, we really do believe that a high
tide floats all the ships. You put in a lot of
different habitat, you put in a lot of diversity,
you are going to help a lot of different species.
And I do know, and I can't even quote it for
you because I think it was just in a recent meeting,
we work with a group called Farmers for Monarchs,
and they were just talking about some recent
research that was showing that there isn't as
much truth to the old wives' tale that honey
bees are using up all the resources. And we should
worry more about native bees. You know what?
I am happy that somebody's worried about a bee.
If they get started with honey bees and then
they become more interested in other pollinators,
that's great. If they get started with honey
bees and they're very interested in honey bees
and they become a quality beekeeper that takes
good care of their hives and provides a resource
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Yeah absolutely we believe that if you put that
habitat out there they're going to come in and
a lot of different species are going to be using
it as well. Let's get back to this quarter acre
example for a second because I want people to
not be afraid of this. We used to live in a neighborhood
where it was almost a competition whose grass
looked the best and the most perfect. And I had
neighbors that would mow in diagonal directions
and try to make it look like a baseball field
and perfect edging and all that kind of stuff.
And if you didn't do that, you were almost looked
down upon in the neighborhood. I live in a more
rural kind of area now, but I've done some of
the things with my yard that I wanted to do there
and that I know are okay to do there. For example,
Before we knew better, we started with a whole
front yard of just regular green turf grass.
The last few years I've been overseeding with
clover. I didn't have to rip out or kill all
of the grass, which some people do to plant clover.
just over seeded with clover or here's a bare
spot I'm gonna put some clover seed down and
that kind of thing and I would say if you were
to look really closely now at the grass you would
see grass and clover roughly 50 -50 it's a beautiful
lush lawn from the driveway it just looks green
that's what people care about and the other thing
that is great about that here and in some other
places is it uses a lot lot less water I just
want people to not be afraid of it. If you live
in one of those picture -perfect neighborhoods,
be the rebel, plant some clover or something,
and it still is going to look beautiful. I'm
with you, Eric, because I don't believe that
you don't have to go out there and plant a native
five -foot tall grass with sunflower plantings
to provide a benefit. You can go in and put some
of these smaller, shorter growing things into
your lawn. The bee lawn program in Minnesota
is really active. The Minnesota Bee Lab works
with them and they just do a great job of trying
to get people to add something to that grass
mix. And I think you're exactly right. Mike,
I have a dog yard where I let my dogs run every
day and it's about an acre and fenced in and
I've been doing just what you're doing. I'm taking
Dutch white clover and I am just broadcasting
it in any of the bear spots and the bees just...
Love it. Now it drives my husband absolutely
nutto because I will avoid some of the bigger
patches if they're really dense and there's bees
using them a lot. I'll avoid them when I mow
and he just he prefers to be more of a strict
mower but I'm enjoying it very much and I think
the bees are too. And I find when I mow and it's
not all that often anyway but when I do if I
just leave the lawnmower set as high as it'll
go it leaves a lot of those clover flowers in
there. it doesn't cut them all off. The other
thing that we've done that everybody can do is
there's some things that pop up on their own
you can call them weeds whatever that we used
to rip out or heaven forbid spray with something
which we don't anymore and now some of those
things we just let grow like one of the things
that we have here sunflowers they grow native
we don't have to water them they'll grow in the
middle of a gravel driveway if you don't care
and It's okay to leave some of that stuff. And
it'll be covered up with insects. I mean, you'll
just be amazed. I was down in Oklahoma last weekend
and my sister has a bunch of just common sunflower
growing along her road ditches. And it was just
covered in all kinds of a lot of butterflies.
There was just there was a lot of bees in there.
It was just amazing to me how how much diversity
there is. when you leave a little bit of something
for them. You don't have to do these larger projects.
As long as you do a little bit of something,
you can make a benefit to the pollinators. And
you had mentioned monarchs a few minutes ago.
We used to kill milkweed because it was a weed.
My wife is now trying to find some to plant.
Tell us about milkweed and monarchs. Well, one
I'll tell you about where she can get it to plant
because Monarch Watch is the name of the organization
out of Kansas. They do a really great job of
providing milkweed plugs, small milkweeds. Don't
know if Utah is in their range, but I'm guessing
it might be. But common milkweed. So the life
cycle of the monarch butterfly is really incredible
for people that don't know. They're hatched all
the way from Texas all the way up into Canada
and the monarch butterfly overwinners in the
OML for forest in Mexico one spot like what literally
when I say one spot I mean just a couple acres
in one spot That's where all the monarchs go
to every year on the top of this forest. So they'll
fly up to Texas They'll lay an egg and then that
monarch dies the egg hatches and then that egg
will fly up to Missouri Or as a as an adult it'll
fly up to Missouri and then it lays an egg and
then it dies and then that egg that is hatched
in Missouri flies up to say Minnesota and then
it will on the fourth generation which is happening
right now as we're going through the fourth generation
is being hatched right now it's that fourth generation
will head all the way back to that OML fir forest
in Mexico which I mean to me though that's a
migration incredible story that this species
has adapted It's never seen the OML fir forest.
It's four generations removed from anybody that
ever has. And then all these generations are
built just to lay eggs and let them move forward
and then they die. So it's just an incredible
story. And the number one food source for monarch
caterpillars is common milkweed, which is the
one that you said, Eric, is every farmer had
their kids out there. cutting milkweed plants
for years and years and years. We didn't understand
the importance of that milkweed to the monarch
butterfly, and it's mostly common milkweed. There's
a lot of other prettier ones you can plant, but
common milkweed is probably 90 % or more of the
monarch caterpillars are raised on a common milkweed
plant. I was mowing earlier and I just went around
two little baby, I'll send you a picture later,
but I literally went around these two little
milkweeds and I was gonna, I was like, nope,
they're in the, he's gonna get mad if I don't
mow it. And I was mowing and I looked down and
I saw two caterpillar and they're good sized
right now. I was like, whoa, look at that. I
just went right around them. So, yay. And I haven't
seen a monarch butterfly around here in a few
years, unfortunately. So if I plant a milkweed,
is it even gonna do anything? because how's a
monarch going to find it to lay eggs? I bet they
will find it. I'm telling you. Yeah, they'll
find it. They really do. It's amazing to me how
they will find and plant a couple. And if you
and if you don't like the look of the. Common
milkweed as much it's a little scruffier of a
plant the swamp milkweed is probably number two
in their preference range Swamp and swamp milkweed
is a little shorter and it's a little prettier
of a plant I really like and it likes a little
wetter area So it may not work real well everywhere
in your area But it might work in some places
where you've got like a depression or something
or just water it more But yeah swamp milkweed
is a good one as well, but common milkweed I
will tell you, I challenge everyone listening
to this podcast, when the common milkweed is
in bloom, go out there and smell it. It is the
best smelling plant I think we have on the planet.
I mean, I seriously believe that. It smells so
great when it's in bloom. It's surprising. We're
gonna find some milkweed. We're gonna get it
planted. It may be a little bit ugly. I have
enough room. I can put it out of the way. That's
fine So but I'm gonna watch and we're gonna look
for those monarchs. I can't wait Alright next
on my list Pesticide use what are we going to
do? A lot of people live in places like I do
where the county goes around and sprays the side
of the roads and not only do they do that but
they do it on days where it's too hot for the
chemicals they're using so there's a lot of drift
and and we get 2 ,4 -D and Roundup everywhere.
As a wildlife biologist who does as part of my
career have used chemical to Alter the landscape
to get something better out there than what we've
had or to deal with invasive species or even
to get the site prepped and ready to go so that
we don't have to use it anymore. You know, so
we've gone from a soy say a soybean field to
a pollinator planting. Well, we have used, you
know, herbicides to get us from one point to
the next point. But then in the future, you know,
you're you're taking that chemical use almost
totally out of that. project once you've got
the good pollinator habitat established. I think
that has to be a local thing. Again, Eric, like
I said earlier, it has to be a local. We have
to talk to our leaders in our cities and in our
counties. I don't know as much about the Bee
City program as I probably should. I just know
that two of our cooperators who are both working
with cities have both signed the Bee City Pledge
and that they are working as a Bee City. My guess
would be that there's something in there. When
we have mayors sign the Mayor's Monarch Challenge,
we ask for things like judicious use of herbicides
if they need to use them or pesticides if they
need to use them. But I can't even imagine being
in a city like Houston, for example. I was visiting
a friend and they were coming around and spraying
for mosquitoes. She's like, well, we have to
go in now. And I'm like, why are we going in?
She goes, we have to go in now because they're
spraying. And I'm like, what are they spraying?
And why do I need to go inside? And what's happening
here? To me, that's more of a local situation
for people. And that's where people should get
involved. I mean, I know where my legislators
are. I go down to our Capitol and talk to them
about conservation issues. I'm not afraid to
do that. And I think... Once they learn your
story and they can put a face to it, I think
it makes a lot of difference. There are places
around here that do the same thing with spraying
the mosquitoes. I haven't talked to the administrators
directly. It's not in a city that I live in.
But what I have been told and seen in the news
is they think they're fine because they're spraying
at night. So they'll actually take helicopters
at night and fly over huge neighborhoods and
just bomb the whole thing for mosquitoes. And
they say, well, your bees aren't flying at night,
so they're fine. Is there no residue left anywhere
that bees are going to get into? Let's think
through this, people. And I don't know. I am
not as educated on this as some folks really
are. You know, as a as kind of a habitat person,
I deal mostly with habitat. projects and plantings
and seed mixes, that type of thing. As a young
person, when I first started my career as a wildlife
biologist, I netted Indiana bats in Missouri.
And netting bats that are out feeding at night,
that are eating those insects, that gives me
a little bit of pause. What's happening there?
What's that food chain look like? What are we
doing? Maybe an unintended consequence. All right,
enough preaching. I didn't mean to go down any
kind of negative road here. Really this is all
positive because your group, the Bee and Butterfly
Habitat Fund, is doing good things for honeybees
and other native pollinators and that is a fantastic
thing. And I want you to leave us with some kind
of a good wrap up here. Of how we can help whether
it's and we'll put a link to your website by
the way in the show notes if people want to donate
Or just get more information they can get it
there. But how else can we all help? Yeah, that
is a good question. I think Everyone can do something
and if you're in a situation where you can't
plant something good for For your bees for the
other pollinators then you can't donate, you
know through our program and something good will
get planted we are such a We're a pretty lean
organization, so we work pretty quickly on projects.
We do a Euro site prep with the landowner and
then pretty quickly that habitat turns right
in. We turn it right into projects. We really
try to spend every dollar we can on getting more
great habitat in the ground. In the end, that's
what makes the difference. I go to many of these
beekeeping meetings and they talk about pesticides,
they talk about Varroa, they talk about a lot
of different things and they always end up in
the end saying something about forage, but it's
always a little small something. And I think
to myself, isn't that kind of the building block?
Isn't the building block us having health as
a hive, you know, being healthy, being able to
eat well, having a lot of diversity. So to me,
having this great habitat out there is just,
it's priceless really. And we are funded 100
% by donations as an organization. And the more
acres we can get in the ground, the more likely
we are to benefit bees. butterflies and all the
other pollinators. I totally agree with all that
and I think part of our problem is things like
Varroa we feel like we can do something about
okay I can measure it, I can treat it, I can
measure it again, I can see what we've done but
my bees are flying for a couple of miles maybe
to forage. I admit it feels out of our control
because the bees are going everywhere and I can't
control My neighbor a half a mile from here that's
planting that roundup ready alfalfa and the reason
he does it is so he can bomb it with glyphosate
all the time okay i can't do anything about that
i've talked to these neighbors. We try to remain
friends and. There's only so much i can do it
maybe that's why it gets ignored because we feel
like we can't do anything but. You're at least
a place where we can do something and we can
get some direction or we can make a little donation
or something That helps and Eric we do have a
great We have a great resource on our website
where our website just got revamped So I would
love for everybody to come in and take a look
at it give us some feedback But we have a habitat
establishment guide for establishing habitat.
There's Lots of different ways people can do
it. They can do it with herbicide, without herbicide.
There's all different options for getting your
site prepared and getting it ready to go. But
overall, it's a pretty good guide, pretty comprehensive
guide for people to get habitat established.
And anyone can use that. Anyone can plant something.
I think there's room on every piece of property
for something something that will benefit Pollinators
on every property and if you don't have a property
and you're living in a city and you don't have
a yard and you know We absolutely would use donations
and turn them into Habitat projects somewhere
and just spreading the word, you know letting
people know that the larger commercial beekeepers
that we do work with, we try to provide them
these flyers so that they can hand them to the
people they have their bee yards on and say,
hey, it's really important because they get questions.
If they don't bring their bees back, they'll
get questioned about why aren't the bees back
this year? Well, because, you know, you've got
a desert here of nothing. You know, it's all
just grass and there's the bees aren't finding
enough to forage on. So we can work with anyone.
Like you said, bees move a little planting in
your city park, a little planting. In a conservation
area, a little planting, we've done plantings
in the prisons. I mean, we will do plantings
anywhere someone is ready to get the site ready
and work with us and provide habitat. So we're
happy to work with anybody on projects. And I
wish we were more out west yet, but we're not
there yet. We're in 14 states now, kind of in
this smack in the middle of the US. So if you're
in the Midwest, you can get help. You can probably
even get free seeds and things. If you're not,
you can get some good information and you can
donate and you can help out with this whole cause.
Anyway, Elsa, thank you. It's the Bee and Butterfly
Habitat Fund and that's beeandbutterflyhabitatfund
.org .org. Correct. All right. Thanks. Take care.
Thanks for joining us on Be Love Beekeeping presented
by Man Lake. If you like this content I hope
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Release Oxalic Acid Strips. Thanks guys. And
remember, if you're not just in it for the honey
or the money, you're in it for the love. See
you next week.