WEBVTT 00:00:06.219 --> 00:00:09.160 Welcome welcome to Be Love Beekeeping presented 00:00:09.160 --> 00:00:13.179 by the experts over at Man Lake. We're doing 00:00:13.179 --> 00:00:15.779 something different today as the team is currently 00:00:15.779 --> 00:00:19.359 all in preparing for next week's launch of the 00:00:19.359 --> 00:00:22.800 future of Be Love Beekeeping podcast. I'll just 00:00:22.800 --> 00:00:25.339 tease it like that and say be sure to come back 00:00:25.339 --> 00:00:28.460 next week for a funny new opener, a great new 00:00:28.460 --> 00:00:32.659 guest, and an entirely new format. And today 00:00:32.659 --> 00:00:35.060 shows a little different too in that we're not 00:00:35.060 --> 00:00:38.299 having a conversation with a beekeeper, but we 00:00:38.299 --> 00:00:41.420 will be talking all about honey bees and native 00:00:41.420 --> 00:00:44.899 bees. I don't know about you, but lately I've 00:00:44.899 --> 00:00:48.719 seen all kinds of articles popping up with clickbait 00:00:48.719 --> 00:00:52.079 titles about how honey bees are killing off the 00:00:52.079 --> 00:00:57.719 native bees. Here's one headline. Want to save 00:00:57.719 --> 00:01:01.710 the bees? focused on habitat, not honey bees. 00:01:03.969 --> 00:01:07.829 Here's a few others. Your bees are hurting native 00:01:07.829 --> 00:01:12.549 pollinators. Hungry honey bees threaten food 00:01:12.549 --> 00:01:17.549 supply of native pollinators. Americans are saving 00:01:17.549 --> 00:01:22.989 the wrong bees. The problem with honey bees. 00:01:24.799 --> 00:01:28.000 Honeybee invasion, a growing threat to native 00:01:28.000 --> 00:01:32.560 pollinators. And lastly, voracious honeybees 00:01:32.560 --> 00:01:39.719 threaten the food supply of native bees. I've 00:01:39.719 --> 00:01:42.140 even had someone who when finding out that I'm 00:01:42.140 --> 00:01:45.019 a beekeeper started giving me a hard time about 00:01:45.019 --> 00:01:48.620 how I'm hurting the native bees. Granted, that's 00:01:48.620 --> 00:01:51.459 still rare. Most people when they discover I'm 00:01:51.459 --> 00:01:54.640 a beekeeper ask the one question, You know what 00:01:54.640 --> 00:01:58.319 you want I'm talking about. Do you ever get stung? 00:02:04.579 --> 00:02:07.180 Today's guest is Jennifer Michelle. She's an 00:02:07.180 --> 00:02:09.960 expert on native pollinators and what we can 00:02:09.960 --> 00:02:12.740 all do to help them. Does that mean getting rid 00:02:12.740 --> 00:02:20.840 of your beehives? Let's find out. I would love 00:02:20.840 --> 00:02:23.159 to welcome to the show today, Jennifer Michelle, 00:02:23.360 --> 00:02:26.479 coming to us from... Uh -oh, I have to check 00:02:26.479 --> 00:02:28.939 my notes. Jennifer, where are you from? I live 00:02:28.939 --> 00:02:30.979 in upstate New York, so I'm a little bit north 00:02:30.979 --> 00:02:33.979 of Saratoga. That's right. We had talked about 00:02:33.979 --> 00:02:37.379 animals in your area last time. Anyway, welcome 00:02:37.379 --> 00:02:40.300 to the show. I'm going to let our listeners know 00:02:40.300 --> 00:02:43.680 this is going to be a very unusual episode because 00:02:43.680 --> 00:02:46.120 even though we're talking about honey bees, we're 00:02:46.120 --> 00:02:48.620 talking about other kinds of bees and pollinators. 00:02:49.000 --> 00:02:52.340 And we're talking with someone who's not a regular 00:02:52.340 --> 00:02:55.460 beekeeper. Not a beekeeper. But Jennifer, welcome. 00:02:55.620 --> 00:02:58.020 We're happy to have you here. Would you just 00:02:58.020 --> 00:03:01.960 take 30 seconds or a minute and give us an idea 00:03:01.960 --> 00:03:04.620 of your background so we know where you're coming 00:03:04.620 --> 00:03:07.460 from in this conversation? Well, I'm a sustainable 00:03:07.460 --> 00:03:10.000 health strategist. So really what I try and do 00:03:10.000 --> 00:03:13.819 is help people bring public health into their 00:03:13.819 --> 00:03:16.360 discussions of infrastructure. And I include 00:03:16.360 --> 00:03:18.419 ecological health with that, which is how I work 00:03:18.419 --> 00:03:21.180 on the issues of bees. So my background's public 00:03:21.180 --> 00:03:23.360 health and epidemiology, but I did a lot with 00:03:23.360 --> 00:03:26.159 medical entomology as well. And over the course 00:03:26.159 --> 00:03:29.139 of my career, I've expanded that into sustainability 00:03:29.139 --> 00:03:32.659 and began with pollinators, so ecology as well. 00:03:33.080 --> 00:03:35.300 So I've kind of taken all the pieces of that 00:03:35.300 --> 00:03:38.460 jigsaw. and brought it together. Now I do consulting 00:03:38.460 --> 00:03:41.740 and try to help municipalities and engineering 00:03:41.740 --> 00:03:43.960 firms understand how to make communities healthier, 00:03:44.199 --> 00:03:47.560 not just for humans, but for bees as well. So 00:03:47.560 --> 00:03:51.120 Jennifer was referred to us by Cindy, who was 00:03:51.120 --> 00:03:54.120 on the show recently. You had spoken at their 00:03:54.120 --> 00:03:57.960 bee club in a talk that I guess was called What 00:03:57.960 --> 00:04:01.240 Beekeepers Need to Know About Native Bees. Yep. 00:04:01.860 --> 00:04:05.180 I want to start right there. Why does a beekeeper 00:04:05.180 --> 00:04:08.159 need to know anything about native bees? Well, 00:04:08.479 --> 00:04:11.319 because native bees are endangered because native 00:04:11.319 --> 00:04:15.000 bees are impacted by honey bees and because if 00:04:15.000 --> 00:04:17.439 we think about bees the way we think about honey 00:04:17.439 --> 00:04:20.139 bees, we can negatively impact native bees. But 00:04:20.139 --> 00:04:22.420 if we think about bees like native bees, we can 00:04:22.420 --> 00:04:25.199 help native bees and honey bees. So let's get 00:04:25.199 --> 00:04:27.699 into some of the nitty gritty. Let's talk about 00:04:27.699 --> 00:04:31.319 native plants. Let's talk about pesticides. Yep. 00:04:31.480 --> 00:04:34.660 Let's talk about monocropping. Where do you want 00:04:34.660 --> 00:04:36.620 to start? Well, first of all, I'm going to say 00:04:36.620 --> 00:04:40.060 that I consider myself a bee enthusiast. I'm 00:04:40.060 --> 00:04:43.519 not a bee expert. So if anybody wants to learn 00:04:43.519 --> 00:04:44.980 a lot about native bees, I'm first going to give 00:04:44.980 --> 00:04:47.199 a plug to Heather Holm, who I think has written 00:04:47.199 --> 00:04:49.819 fantastic books about bees and native wasps. 00:04:50.139 --> 00:04:52.519 So I always say, if you read something that she's 00:04:52.519 --> 00:04:54.660 written that disagrees with what I said, you 00:04:54.660 --> 00:04:57.220 go by what she wrote. So just always want to 00:04:57.220 --> 00:05:00.660 say that. Yeah, let's dive in. Where should we 00:05:00.660 --> 00:05:02.800 start? The 4 ,000 different species of native 00:05:02.800 --> 00:05:05.279 bees in North America or the honey bees? Yeah, 00:05:05.279 --> 00:05:07.959 let's talk about these native species of bees. 00:05:08.240 --> 00:05:11.899 Okay. I was in a class here in Utah a few years 00:05:11.899 --> 00:05:14.939 ago, this advanced beekeeping class, and we had 00:05:14.939 --> 00:05:19.019 somebody from Utah State University who studies 00:05:19.019 --> 00:05:22.259 native bees, and he had done this big project 00:05:22.259 --> 00:05:26.500 in southern Utah. And in a small area, he identified 00:05:27.219 --> 00:05:30.699 600 different bee species. I thought that was 00:05:30.699 --> 00:05:32.879 unbelievable. I had no idea. It kind of blew 00:05:32.879 --> 00:05:35.360 my mind. And he said, just in our state alone, 00:05:35.459 --> 00:05:39.459 there are 2 ,000 different species of bees. Give 00:05:39.459 --> 00:05:42.680 me some background on that. I mean, where are 00:05:42.680 --> 00:05:45.120 they? How are they here? They're everywhere. 00:05:45.240 --> 00:05:47.220 This is their continent. This is their home. 00:05:47.660 --> 00:05:50.360 So honeybees were brought in from Europe. And 00:05:50.360 --> 00:05:53.379 they're a single species for the most part. one 00:05:53.379 --> 00:05:55.199 species and they were brought here because people 00:05:55.199 --> 00:05:58.319 like honey. So that's how they got here but they're 00:05:58.319 --> 00:06:01.120 not native here and yet there are a ton of flowering 00:06:01.120 --> 00:06:04.519 plants here and there are a ton of different 00:06:04.519 --> 00:06:08.980 kinds of trees and flowers and all kinds of plant 00:06:08.980 --> 00:06:11.819 life that require help from pollinators. So native 00:06:11.819 --> 00:06:14.680 bees are really good at that. And in fact, they 00:06:14.680 --> 00:06:17.040 still are the best at pollinating our forests 00:06:17.040 --> 00:06:19.860 and our wetlands and our wild areas. They also 00:06:19.860 --> 00:06:22.560 help with crop pollination, but obviously that's 00:06:22.560 --> 00:06:25.319 more of a honeybee forte. But they can help each 00:06:25.319 --> 00:06:27.779 other sometimes too. I think one of the reasons 00:06:27.779 --> 00:06:31.980 that it pricked my interest to talk to you specifically 00:06:31.980 --> 00:06:35.459 was because from time to time, I hear someone 00:06:35.459 --> 00:06:38.819 who has read some kind of a news story about 00:06:38.819 --> 00:06:42.579 how with a headline and not a lot of detail, 00:06:42.920 --> 00:06:46.500 headline how honey bees are killing the native 00:06:46.500 --> 00:06:49.879 bees. And so I figure it's just a topic we should 00:06:49.879 --> 00:06:52.399 know a little bit more about because we're not 00:06:52.399 --> 00:06:55.819 the bad guys. Honey bees aren't bad guys. So 00:06:55.819 --> 00:06:58.579 talk us through that whole relationship a little 00:06:58.579 --> 00:07:03.339 bit. Well, I kind of feel like that's just a 00:07:03.339 --> 00:07:05.779 weird way that people think right now. People 00:07:05.779 --> 00:07:08.899 get very polarized. There's a good guy and a 00:07:08.899 --> 00:07:11.660 villain. And life is more complicated than that. 00:07:12.029 --> 00:07:14.449 And I tend to think that what we keep forgetting 00:07:14.449 --> 00:07:16.990 is that it's really a question of balance. And 00:07:16.990 --> 00:07:19.170 right now, things are not as imbalanced as they 00:07:19.170 --> 00:07:22.050 need to be. And that's why there are such impacts 00:07:22.050 --> 00:07:25.589 right now on native bees. So when I give the 00:07:25.589 --> 00:07:27.189 talk that I gave to Cindy's group, I always start 00:07:27.189 --> 00:07:28.910 with how they're similar, and then I go into 00:07:28.910 --> 00:07:31.509 how they're different. And once you start knowing 00:07:31.509 --> 00:07:33.810 those differences, it starts like, I don't then 00:07:33.810 --> 00:07:36.899 need to tell you why honeybees might be. having 00:07:36.899 --> 00:07:38.800 such an impact on native bees, you start to get 00:07:38.800 --> 00:07:41.060 it. So just to go through a couple of things, 00:07:41.500 --> 00:07:44.500 90 % of our native bees are solitary. So they 00:07:44.500 --> 00:07:46.800 don't live in a hive at all. There is just one 00:07:46.800 --> 00:07:49.730 female who... spends her life she's going to 00:07:49.730 --> 00:07:53.290 maybe lay 15 maybe 40 eggs in a lifetime and 00:07:53.290 --> 00:07:55.670 for each one she is going to gather up pollen 00:07:55.670 --> 00:07:57.430 she's going to gather up nectar and she's going 00:07:57.430 --> 00:08:00.850 to dig a little nest maybe in the ground 70 % 00:08:00.850 --> 00:08:04.230 of our bees nest in the ground 30 % nest in cavities 00:08:04.230 --> 00:08:07.670 like um stalks of plants or logs or things like 00:08:07.670 --> 00:08:10.610 that but she will chew her way and down and make 00:08:10.610 --> 00:08:13.899 a cell and lay one egg on this little bit of 00:08:13.899 --> 00:08:15.819 bee bread that she makes and seal it in and then 00:08:15.819 --> 00:08:18.920 do it again. So she doesn't have a hive of sisters 00:08:18.920 --> 00:08:21.360 to help her. If she can't find the food that 00:08:21.360 --> 00:08:24.100 she needs, no one can do that little waggle dance 00:08:24.100 --> 00:08:26.339 to help her out. There's no one to help her. 00:08:26.439 --> 00:08:28.360 There's no one else who's going to be her backup. 00:08:28.810 --> 00:08:31.949 They also, as a general rule, don't fly as far 00:08:31.949 --> 00:08:34.429 as honeybees. So that becomes a big issue. Some 00:08:34.429 --> 00:08:36.809 of them might only fly like 300 feet or something 00:08:36.809 --> 00:08:39.450 in their lifetime. They are very tiny, some of 00:08:39.450 --> 00:08:42.490 the size of like a grain of rice. So they have 00:08:42.490 --> 00:08:45.230 an entirely different physiology and different 00:08:45.230 --> 00:08:50.110 life cycle. And while honeybees are active the 00:08:50.110 --> 00:08:53.220 whole season, Native bees might be active for 00:08:53.220 --> 00:08:56.019 only a few weeks as adults in the season. So 00:08:56.019 --> 00:08:58.139 if the plants that they need are not there when 00:08:58.139 --> 00:09:00.120 they need them, there's not really much they 00:09:00.120 --> 00:09:02.279 can do. There are just differences in the life 00:09:02.279 --> 00:09:05.350 cycle. It depends on who you read, but 20 to 00:09:05.350 --> 00:09:08.230 40 % of our native bees are what they call specialists, 00:09:08.549 --> 00:09:11.509 which means they need a specific pollen to feed 00:09:11.509 --> 00:09:14.110 their baby. It's kind of like monarchs and milkweed. 00:09:14.509 --> 00:09:17.429 Their baby food is milkweed. If you want monarchs, 00:09:17.529 --> 00:09:19.629 it doesn't matter how many butterflies you see 00:09:19.629 --> 00:09:21.490 on other plants. If there's no milkweed, there 00:09:21.490 --> 00:09:23.570 will be no monarchs. And it's the same with our 00:09:23.570 --> 00:09:26.850 native bees. Many of them need a specific pollen 00:09:26.850 --> 00:09:29.350 from a specific native plant, or they literally 00:09:29.350 --> 00:09:31.429 have no food for their babies and they die out. 00:09:31.959 --> 00:09:35.179 So what's going on is we have, for the last, 00:09:35.179 --> 00:09:37.379 you know, bit by bit over the last several decades, 00:09:37.580 --> 00:09:40.220 we have removed a lot of habitat. We put in asphalt. 00:09:40.340 --> 00:09:43.259 We've put in concrete. We put in a lot of lawn 00:09:43.259 --> 00:09:45.559 where there used to be flowering plants that 00:09:45.559 --> 00:09:47.860 were what these native bees needed. And then 00:09:47.860 --> 00:09:50.159 on top of that, we brought in honeybees, which 00:09:50.159 --> 00:09:52.980 are, well, I mean, how many thousands and thousands 00:09:52.980 --> 00:09:56.580 and thousands of bees are in a hive. But a native 00:09:56.580 --> 00:10:00.289 bumblebee hive might have 500 bees in it. So, 00:10:00.350 --> 00:10:02.210 in their annual, they die out at the end of the 00:10:02.210 --> 00:10:04.309 season and one female will start it up again 00:10:04.309 --> 00:10:07.169 the next year or she'll overwinter. So, they 00:10:07.169 --> 00:10:10.169 have very different life cycles. So, having a 00:10:10.169 --> 00:10:14.529 honeybee hive near native bees can quickly overwhelm 00:10:14.529 --> 00:10:16.769 that food source because the honeybees will be 00:10:16.769 --> 00:10:19.129 able to fly farther and eat more and they can 00:10:19.129 --> 00:10:21.850 eat from a wider variety than some of our native 00:10:21.850 --> 00:10:25.049 bees. So, that's the idea. And the number that 00:10:25.049 --> 00:10:27.350 you hear, the statistics that they've seen show 00:10:27.350 --> 00:10:30.210 that. Honey bees can eat in a single season what 00:10:30.210 --> 00:10:33.289 100 ,000 of our native bees can eat. So it is 00:10:33.289 --> 00:10:37.250 a large impact. So my answer to that isn't get 00:10:37.250 --> 00:10:39.929 rid of the honey bees. My answer to that is, 00:10:40.070 --> 00:10:43.409 well, the real issue is lack of habitat. So that's 00:10:43.409 --> 00:10:45.429 why I come back to, why don't we plant native 00:10:45.429 --> 00:10:47.629 flowers, native species? Those native plants 00:10:47.629 --> 00:10:50.210 help honey bees, but they especially help native 00:10:50.210 --> 00:10:53.019 bees. There you go. Well, I appreciate that. 00:10:53.080 --> 00:10:56.259 I really don't think it's an either or. It's 00:10:56.259 --> 00:10:59.019 honeybees or native bees. I think there's ways 00:10:59.019 --> 00:11:02.240 to coexist. And some of the things that you mentioned 00:11:02.240 --> 00:11:07.279 like planting native habitat is so foreign in 00:11:07.279 --> 00:11:10.159 so many of our cities and suburbs and things, 00:11:10.600 --> 00:11:12.879 but it's something that's got to be done. Now, 00:11:12.879 --> 00:11:15.600 is that some of the consulting that you do? Well, 00:11:16.299 --> 00:11:19.429 I certainly help if a municipality is thinking 00:11:19.429 --> 00:11:21.250 of putting in an apiary, I would help them want 00:11:21.250 --> 00:11:24.169 to think about, well, what kind of native plants 00:11:24.169 --> 00:11:26.789 are you planting there? Because I always say 00:11:26.789 --> 00:11:30.169 that honey bees are one of the few animals that 00:11:30.169 --> 00:11:32.549 you can get, and you don't necessarily need to 00:11:32.549 --> 00:11:34.830 provide food for them. If you think there's a 00:11:34.830 --> 00:11:37.250 field nearby, I mean, you're going to take care 00:11:37.250 --> 00:11:38.769 of them in the winter and all these things, but 00:11:38.769 --> 00:11:41.029 it's not like a chicken where you have to have 00:11:41.029 --> 00:11:44.009 so much feed or so much land if it's cattle. 00:11:44.769 --> 00:11:46.769 So that's something to help people think about 00:11:46.769 --> 00:11:50.210 if you're going to start raising honeybees. Where 00:11:50.210 --> 00:11:52.169 are the native plants that you're adding and 00:11:52.169 --> 00:11:54.870 the actual numbers that I've seen is they recommend 00:11:54.870 --> 00:11:58.669 five acres of native plants per hive Which is 00:11:58.669 --> 00:12:00.750 a huge amount and more than most people could 00:12:00.750 --> 00:12:04.190 do so that's where I get excited because to me 00:12:04.190 --> 00:12:07.789 that means Honey beekeepers can become advocates 00:12:07.789 --> 00:12:10.450 for native plants and pollinator pathways and 00:12:10.450 --> 00:12:12.870 pocket parks in their community as they're advocating 00:12:12.870 --> 00:12:15.990 for municipalities to switch from having tons 00:12:15.990 --> 00:12:19.070 of lawn for no reason, tons of pocket parks with 00:12:19.070 --> 00:12:21.909 non -native plants, put that plant forage back 00:12:21.909 --> 00:12:24.730 in there and help all of the bees. So that's 00:12:24.730 --> 00:12:26.929 what I try and do. I also try and encourage people 00:12:26.929 --> 00:12:29.009 to think a little bit. If you're right near a 00:12:29.009 --> 00:12:31.289 wilderness area that has a lot of biodiversity, 00:12:31.929 --> 00:12:34.470 maybe you don't want apiaries too close. Maybe 00:12:34.470 --> 00:12:37.610 think of how far the bees might fly and maybe 00:12:37.610 --> 00:12:39.370 space it out a little bit, maybe four or five 00:12:39.370 --> 00:12:42.549 miles away. And the reason for that is also that 00:12:42.909 --> 00:12:45.429 honey bees will often be very happy with some 00:12:45.429 --> 00:12:47.509 of the invasive plants that are in our areas 00:12:47.509 --> 00:12:50.149 that are not good for our native bees. And so 00:12:50.149 --> 00:12:52.750 that can be spread more by them. So keeping them 00:12:52.750 --> 00:12:56.230 separate from places with native plant biodiversity, 00:12:56.570 --> 00:12:59.009 like more wilderness areas, that can help out. 00:12:59.029 --> 00:13:01.929 So it's just thinking about balance. It's about 00:13:01.929 --> 00:13:04.929 how do we think about where they are and what 00:13:04.929 --> 00:13:07.210 we're feeding everybody. But it's not just to 00:13:07.210 --> 00:13:09.659 help native bees. There was a beekeeping trend 00:13:09.659 --> 00:13:13.000 in London in 2013, and I actually would have 00:13:13.000 --> 00:13:15.340 to look it up. I think they had like, what was 00:13:15.340 --> 00:13:18.440 it, like 10 hives per square mile in London. 00:13:18.779 --> 00:13:21.559 There's no plants for that, so their bees died. 00:13:24.980 --> 00:13:27.200 Quick break to thank our presenting sponsor, 00:13:27.539 --> 00:13:30.299 Man Lake. Whether you're a beekeeper or not, 00:13:30.659 --> 00:13:33.759 you know that nutrition is key for healthy honeybees, 00:13:34.159 --> 00:13:37.320 native bees, and other pollinators. The Man Lake 00:13:37.320 --> 00:13:40.360 app is a great resource for determining pollinator 00:13:40.360 --> 00:13:43.659 friendly plants that thrive in your area. And 00:13:43.659 --> 00:13:46.840 its plant identification feature is super helpful 00:13:46.840 --> 00:13:50.220 and fun. When I see a plant covered in bees, 00:13:50.600 --> 00:13:53.639 I fire up the app on my phone, I find out what 00:13:53.639 --> 00:13:56.480 that plant is, and then I can put them in my 00:13:56.480 --> 00:14:00.419 own yard. The bees love it. If you haven't already 00:14:00.419 --> 00:14:03.059 downloaded the Man Lake app, give it a try today. 00:14:03.480 --> 00:14:10.840 Oh, and by the way, it's free. A couple years 00:14:10.840 --> 00:14:13.519 ago, Slovenia, they're a very big honey culture. 00:14:13.700 --> 00:14:16.340 They're big on bees. And it got so popular that 00:14:16.340 --> 00:14:19.059 they were having more hives but less honey because 00:14:19.059 --> 00:14:21.899 there wasn't enough food. So people have to start 00:14:21.899 --> 00:14:24.240 thinking about that. It's really, is there enough 00:14:24.240 --> 00:14:26.740 food for all of them? And the answer is probably 00:14:26.740 --> 00:14:30.240 not. And we can fix that. It's an easy fix. We 00:14:30.240 --> 00:14:32.759 can plant. We can plant the species native to 00:14:32.759 --> 00:14:35.679 our area. So one of the things that I have found 00:14:35.679 --> 00:14:38.940 personally, and I have mentioned our pussy willow 00:14:38.940 --> 00:14:42.059 tree on this show before, but I absolutely love 00:14:42.059 --> 00:14:43.940 this thing. I'm going to be planting a few more 00:14:43.940 --> 00:14:47.519 of them. I love it because where I am, it's the 00:14:47.519 --> 00:14:51.139 very first food source that the bees have in 00:14:51.139 --> 00:14:54.179 the spring. Yep. When I go out to this tree, 00:14:54.360 --> 00:14:59.000 I see honeybees, a few different kinds of native 00:14:59.000 --> 00:15:03.539 bees, bumblebees. butterflies, and they all seem 00:15:03.539 --> 00:15:06.139 to be getting along great. And they're all foraging 00:15:06.139 --> 00:15:10.279 on this tree just fine. So is that an example 00:15:10.279 --> 00:15:13.240 of how they can get along? I mean, hopefully 00:15:13.240 --> 00:15:16.659 that's not pushing some native bees out. Or is 00:15:16.659 --> 00:15:20.179 it? I think it's about quantity. You know, is 00:15:20.179 --> 00:15:22.700 there enough of the willow to go around? I mean, 00:15:22.720 --> 00:15:26.360 I don't think people realize how much forest 00:15:26.360 --> 00:15:30.639 and how much prairie we have removed. So if you 00:15:30.639 --> 00:15:32.980 really look around your neighborhoods, you are 00:15:32.980 --> 00:15:35.820 going to see these big mown lawns everywhere. 00:15:35.919 --> 00:15:37.980 You're going to see a lot of road. You might 00:15:37.980 --> 00:15:41.539 see sidewalk. We've removed what used to be solid 00:15:41.539 --> 00:15:45.179 prairie, solid forest. So you can always add 00:15:45.179 --> 00:15:47.519 more, in my opinion. And I very much advocate 00:15:47.519 --> 00:15:50.179 for people replacing lawn with pollinator gardens. 00:15:50.399 --> 00:15:52.639 Doesn't mean you can't have some lawn. It just 00:15:52.639 --> 00:15:55.279 means think about how much lawn you really need 00:15:55.279 --> 00:15:56.879 and is there something else you could do with 00:15:56.879 --> 00:16:00.490 it. So willow is very nutritious. It's especially 00:16:00.490 --> 00:16:04.090 good for a lot of native bees, and it has a very 00:16:04.090 --> 00:16:07.129 high protein count compared to some other pollens 00:16:07.129 --> 00:16:09.509 like dandelion, which is not native. So it's 00:16:09.509 --> 00:16:12.230 very nutritious, and it's very desirable. And 00:16:12.230 --> 00:16:14.590 at least in my area, it blooms very early. So 00:16:14.590 --> 00:16:16.909 it's very good for native bees who are waking 00:16:16.909 --> 00:16:19.309 up after the winter and need food right away. 00:16:19.690 --> 00:16:22.629 So it's great. I'd say plant more. Let it spread. 00:16:23.039 --> 00:16:26.259 So how do we balance the whole fact that we need 00:16:26.259 --> 00:16:29.580 more housing, so we need more development, yet 00:16:29.580 --> 00:16:32.440 we need prairie and we need all this other stuff? 00:16:32.679 --> 00:16:35.080 I think that's part of what you do in your consulting 00:16:35.080 --> 00:16:38.399 is helping municipalities figure out a good balance. 00:16:38.860 --> 00:16:41.620 Well, you really, it's not a choice with housing. 00:16:42.039 --> 00:16:45.019 It's the way we landscape and it's the way we 00:16:45.019 --> 00:16:49.120 build. You can create a lot of housing and have 00:16:49.120 --> 00:16:52.590 pollinator gardens. instead of lawn. You can 00:16:52.590 --> 00:16:55.490 create a beautiful city and have rooftop gardens 00:16:55.490 --> 00:16:57.710 that are filled with native plants. You can have 00:16:57.710 --> 00:17:00.110 a beautiful city that has a lot of shade trees 00:17:00.110 --> 00:17:02.730 that are native instead of non -native trees 00:17:02.730 --> 00:17:04.589 that don't provide the same habitat in their 00:17:04.589 --> 00:17:07.990 parks. You can create roadways that are not just 00:17:07.990 --> 00:17:10.470 asphalt with concrete and have lots of trees 00:17:10.470 --> 00:17:13.029 and under those trees you could have little native 00:17:13.029 --> 00:17:15.549 plant gardens all along the sidewalk. These have 00:17:15.549 --> 00:17:18.049 multiple benefits for a community. It's not just 00:17:18.049 --> 00:17:20.589 for their bees. It's not just for the other It 00:17:20.589 --> 00:17:23.589 also makes it a cooler city. Even plants that 00:17:23.589 --> 00:17:26.769 don't provide shade cool the air around them 00:17:26.769 --> 00:17:30.170 just because of the way they do transpiration. 00:17:30.349 --> 00:17:32.789 So they're always putting moisture back in. So 00:17:32.789 --> 00:17:35.390 there are multiple benefits, plus drainage. One 00:17:35.390 --> 00:17:37.769 of the things that happens when you have a lot 00:17:37.769 --> 00:17:43.029 of asphalt and brick and lawn is the storm water, 00:17:43.029 --> 00:17:45.750 when it comes, doesn't drain into the ground 00:17:45.750 --> 00:17:48.740 like it should. And so that leads to flooding. 00:17:48.960 --> 00:17:51.240 It can overwhelm sewer systems. But if you have 00:17:51.240 --> 00:17:53.740 native plant gardens, they will absorb that. 00:17:53.759 --> 00:17:55.720 And we've seen that in our yard. We used to get 00:17:55.720 --> 00:17:58.140 like big standing water every year when it rained 00:17:58.140 --> 00:18:00.259 and rained in the spring. And now we just don't 00:18:00.259 --> 00:18:03.859 get that even when it pours for days. So it has 00:18:03.859 --> 00:18:06.539 multiple benefits. And it doesn't require not 00:18:06.539 --> 00:18:08.920 building housing. And what you're describing 00:18:08.920 --> 00:18:11.859 would be a much more beautiful city anyway. That's 00:18:11.859 --> 00:18:14.279 what I think. They just need to talk to people 00:18:14.279 --> 00:18:16.500 like you to figure out how to do it and do it 00:18:16.500 --> 00:18:19.079 right. There you go. There's your plug for your 00:18:19.079 --> 00:18:21.220 business right there. Talk to me. Do it and do 00:18:21.220 --> 00:18:24.180 it right. Yeah, I'll work on that tagline. But 00:18:24.180 --> 00:18:27.759 I think the idea is that it can get so antagonistic. 00:18:27.779 --> 00:18:30.019 And I heard this when I spoke to Cindy's group 00:18:30.019 --> 00:18:32.519 that somebody had been upset that someone had 00:18:32.519 --> 00:18:34.839 posted on Facebook that they were going to start 00:18:34.839 --> 00:18:37.259 beekeeping and somebody started trolling them 00:18:37.259 --> 00:18:42.460 about how awful that was for native bees. It's 00:18:42.460 --> 00:18:44.980 just emblematic of our culture at this moment 00:18:44.980 --> 00:18:47.579 in history that we attack instead of finding 00:18:47.579 --> 00:18:49.859 balance. There are ways to have honeybees that 00:18:49.859 --> 00:18:54.460 don't have to be such a problem. It takes a little 00:18:54.460 --> 00:18:57.279 consideration and I think that beekeepers can 00:18:57.279 --> 00:19:00.940 be a huge advocate Just a huge lobby for native 00:19:00.940 --> 00:19:03.900 plants and you can put them on solar farms. You 00:19:03.900 --> 00:19:06.619 can put them on rooftops You can put them in 00:19:06.619 --> 00:19:09.099 parking lots instead of just straight asphalt 00:19:09.099 --> 00:19:11.500 I mean, I think we've all parked in parking lots 00:19:11.500 --> 00:19:14.500 where you just dread the walk into Wherever you're 00:19:14.500 --> 00:19:17.420 going because it's so hot to get there But there 00:19:17.420 --> 00:19:19.279 are different ways you can landscape that and 00:19:19.279 --> 00:19:21.970 still have parking. There are also alternative 00:19:21.970 --> 00:19:24.410 modes of transportation that might be a little 00:19:24.410 --> 00:19:27.529 nicer also, but certainly that works. So I think 00:19:27.529 --> 00:19:29.690 people are just very quick to take sides and 00:19:29.690 --> 00:19:32.690 attack when there are ways to come together. 00:19:33.769 --> 00:19:35.849 And I think native plants are just an easier 00:19:35.849 --> 00:19:38.470 answer than yelling at each other. Just plant 00:19:38.470 --> 00:19:41.250 more native plants. And beekeepers really should 00:19:41.250 --> 00:19:44.269 be a good advocate. Yeah. as far as a group, 00:19:44.569 --> 00:19:47.410 because in general, beekeepers are in tune with 00:19:47.410 --> 00:19:49.890 the environment. They're looking at what's blooming. 00:19:50.349 --> 00:19:53.170 They care about that sort of thing. And it's 00:19:53.170 --> 00:19:56.069 not that they don't care about native pollinators. 00:19:56.690 --> 00:19:59.730 They do. I mean, you can love your honeybees 00:19:59.730 --> 00:20:02.430 and love the native pollinators. And I think 00:20:02.430 --> 00:20:05.710 that's the mindset of most of us beekeepers. 00:20:05.930 --> 00:20:09.089 We need a little education too. Most people don't 00:20:09.089 --> 00:20:13.180 know. Let's talk about pesticides. herbicides. 00:20:13.480 --> 00:20:18.279 Yep. I would guess that anything that is bad 00:20:18.279 --> 00:20:20.859 for honeybees is also bad for native bees. Is 00:20:20.859 --> 00:20:24.940 that the case? Damn it. And that's why I always 00:20:24.940 --> 00:20:28.759 talk about avoiding pesticides as much as possible. 00:20:28.900 --> 00:20:31.180 Because one, they're not good for us either. 00:20:31.619 --> 00:20:35.240 But what happens is when a pesticide is tested 00:20:35.240 --> 00:20:40.950 in the lab, it's one... You know, it's the one 00:20:40.950 --> 00:20:43.670 compound that is tested. But in real life, the 00:20:43.670 --> 00:20:46.430 bees are experiencing all of them at once. They're 00:20:46.430 --> 00:20:49.269 experiencing neonicotinoids and other organophosphates 00:20:49.269 --> 00:20:52.569 and fungicides and herbicides and all these different 00:20:52.569 --> 00:20:56.630 things all at once. And that bioaccumulates in 00:20:56.630 --> 00:20:58.589 their bodies, so they're not just responding 00:20:58.589 --> 00:21:02.200 to one thing. and that even if they don't die, 00:21:02.500 --> 00:21:05.099 it creates problems. And that is something that 00:21:05.099 --> 00:21:07.279 affects native bees as well as honey bees and 00:21:07.279 --> 00:21:10.539 other pollinators as well. And people have a 00:21:10.539 --> 00:21:12.420 tendency to spray for mosquitoes, but spraying 00:21:12.420 --> 00:21:14.480 for mosquitoes is not the way to get rid of mosquitoes. 00:21:15.019 --> 00:21:17.859 So that's just not where they breed. And in fact, 00:21:17.960 --> 00:21:20.220 if you plant for pollinators, you might bring 00:21:20.220 --> 00:21:22.380 in more of the predators that would eat those. 00:21:22.519 --> 00:21:26.579 So again, it's more of a balance. How do I know 00:21:26.700 --> 00:21:30.059 and other people know what kinds of native plants 00:21:30.059 --> 00:21:32.960 I should be planting around me. In fact, what 00:21:32.960 --> 00:21:35.019 plants are native to here in the first place? 00:21:35.359 --> 00:21:37.299 Where do we go to get that information? Because 00:21:37.299 --> 00:21:40.519 it's going to be different everywhere. Yep. And 00:21:40.519 --> 00:21:41.960 that's good because that means you're getting 00:21:41.960 --> 00:21:44.279 stuff specific to your area and not just some 00:21:44.279 --> 00:21:46.339 wildflower packet, which is usually packed with 00:21:46.339 --> 00:21:48.119 all kinds of tropical things that are not native 00:21:48.119 --> 00:21:51.309 here. I will say it is so much easier now than 00:21:51.309 --> 00:21:53.549 it was even five years ago, or let alone the 00:21:53.549 --> 00:21:55.410 90s, which is when I did my first pollinator 00:21:55.410 --> 00:21:58.390 garden, which was a total fiasco. And there are 00:21:58.390 --> 00:22:00.609 a couple things you can do. One, you can Google 00:22:00.609 --> 00:22:03.470 it. You can literally just put in your zip code 00:22:03.470 --> 00:22:06.430 or say native plants by zip code. Another thing 00:22:06.430 --> 00:22:10.440 is there is a a national nonprofit called Wild 00:22:10.440 --> 00:22:13.220 Ones. And there are chapters all over the country, 00:22:13.220 --> 00:22:15.579 and you can go online. And they are all about 00:22:15.579 --> 00:22:17.839 promoting native plants. And if you find your 00:22:17.839 --> 00:22:19.619 local chapter, they will probably be able to 00:22:19.619 --> 00:22:21.900 show you exactly where your local native plant 00:22:21.900 --> 00:22:24.759 nursery is. They can also help you find different 00:22:24.759 --> 00:22:27.079 people online that are selling that are going 00:22:27.079 --> 00:22:29.660 to find the ones for your area. So you can look 00:22:29.660 --> 00:22:33.099 for range maps from there. And I think, let's 00:22:33.099 --> 00:22:35.180 see, National Wildlife Federation has some wonderful 00:22:35.180 --> 00:22:37.420 ecoregions, Homegrown National Park as well. 00:22:37.470 --> 00:22:40.390 can really help you see for your specific area 00:22:40.390 --> 00:22:43.029 what you should be planting. So Google's your 00:22:43.029 --> 00:22:45.289 friend and there are a lot of resources out there 00:22:45.289 --> 00:22:47.829 to help you. That's also going to help you save 00:22:47.829 --> 00:22:51.329 on water and things like that too. If you're 00:22:51.329 --> 00:22:54.730 planting what belongs in your area, if you're 00:22:54.730 --> 00:22:58.690 in a really dry area like I am, we shouldn't 00:22:58.690 --> 00:23:01.450 be putting in Kentucky bluegrass, for example, 00:23:01.890 --> 00:23:04.789 that uses so much water. Yeah. Exactly. Okay, 00:23:05.029 --> 00:23:07.930 what about, would my local extension service 00:23:07.930 --> 00:23:10.869 also be a good resource for that? I think that 00:23:10.869 --> 00:23:13.369 depends on your local extension service. Hopefully 00:23:13.369 --> 00:23:15.509 they've heard about native plants at this point. 00:23:15.740 --> 00:23:19.339 It just depends. A lot of master gardeners know, 00:23:19.420 --> 00:23:21.299 I mean they know more than I will ever know about 00:23:21.299 --> 00:23:24.799 plants in terms of vegetable gardens and the 00:23:24.799 --> 00:23:28.019 non -native plants that are so popular. Not all 00:23:28.019 --> 00:23:30.160 of them are as familiar with native plants. So 00:23:30.160 --> 00:23:33.339 I would first look for people who have some kind 00:23:33.339 --> 00:23:36.420 of pollinator specialization or go to your wild 00:23:36.420 --> 00:23:38.700 ones for more information. Because they'll have 00:23:38.700 --> 00:23:41.160 seed swaps to get you started and that's also 00:23:41.160 --> 00:23:43.200 can be very inexpensive. They'll know the local 00:23:43.200 --> 00:23:45.660 nurseries. But certainly start with your extension 00:23:45.660 --> 00:23:48.539 if that's a group that you know seed and ask 00:23:48.539 --> 00:23:50.279 about it say you know can you help me find the 00:23:50.279 --> 00:23:52.460 native plants that might be a great resource 00:23:52.460 --> 00:23:55.559 now you're not a beekeeper but you did tell me 00:23:55.559 --> 00:23:58.000 previously that you had a wild and crazy story 00:23:58.000 --> 00:24:01.039 you mentioned one about honeybees and one about 00:24:01.039 --> 00:24:04.000 wasps where do you want to start okay well so 00:24:04.000 --> 00:24:06.180 wasn't a honeybee was just bees I don't know 00:24:06.180 --> 00:24:11.109 what kind of okay all I know is Many, many, many 00:24:11.109 --> 00:24:14.329 years ago in my long gone youth, I did Renaissance 00:24:14.329 --> 00:24:16.670 Festival in Minnesota. And so you're wearing 00:24:16.670 --> 00:24:20.329 those big skirts, right? And I must have sat 00:24:20.329 --> 00:24:24.119 down on some kind of hive or something. So I'd 00:24:24.119 --> 00:24:26.539 never been stung by a bee before and I'm in the 00:24:26.539 --> 00:24:28.920 audience watching some other performer give his 00:24:28.920 --> 00:24:31.759 show and I leapt up, I think higher than I've 00:24:31.759 --> 00:24:34.440 ever leapt up in my life just screaming and it 00:24:34.440 --> 00:24:36.339 had just blown up my skirt and gotten trapped. 00:24:36.880 --> 00:24:38.980 And I will say the only other time in my life 00:24:38.980 --> 00:24:41.299 I've ever been stung. It also flew up my shorts 00:24:41.299 --> 00:24:43.799 and got me on the thighs. So I always thought 00:24:43.799 --> 00:24:46.839 they were freakish little pervs. I was like, 00:24:47.000 --> 00:24:49.640 what is the problem? So that's my only experience 00:24:49.640 --> 00:24:52.009 being stung by a bee. That's my only real. bee 00:24:52.009 --> 00:24:53.990 experience other than planting for them. I love 00:24:53.990 --> 00:24:56.329 to plant for them. Yeah and we don't know what 00:24:56.329 --> 00:25:00.549 kind of bees those were. I know it. Do most native 00:25:00.549 --> 00:25:03.869 bees have stingers and sting is a defensive weapon? 00:25:04.329 --> 00:25:07.349 Most native bees do not sting. They do not because 00:25:07.349 --> 00:25:10.630 90 % are solitary so they're not going to sting 00:25:10.630 --> 00:25:12.569 you. They don't have the instinct to defend that 00:25:12.569 --> 00:25:16.160 nest. So now some might, you know, some if there's 00:25:16.160 --> 00:25:19.380 a hive, certainly might, but a lot of our hive 00:25:19.380 --> 00:25:22.460 nesters are bumblebees and you have to really 00:25:22.460 --> 00:25:24.559 step on them to annoy them in my experience. 00:25:25.059 --> 00:25:28.240 So they're not usually a big stinging risk and 00:25:28.240 --> 00:25:30.680 some can't sting me at all. How does somebody 00:25:30.680 --> 00:25:33.980 find out what native bees are around them or 00:25:33.980 --> 00:25:37.039 if they see something they can't quite identify? 00:25:37.519 --> 00:25:39.819 I mean is there a resource for this? Like if 00:25:39.819 --> 00:25:42.900 I took a picture of a bee and I'm like I have 00:25:42.900 --> 00:25:45.700 no idea what kind of bee that is or is it a fly? 00:25:45.779 --> 00:25:47.920 Is it even a bee? How do we figure that out? 00:25:48.400 --> 00:25:50.380 Okay so two questions. First of all I would say 00:25:50.380 --> 00:25:54.299 iNaturalist is an app where you can upload and 00:25:54.299 --> 00:25:56.819 other people who love identifying bugs and other 00:25:56.819 --> 00:25:58.940 things in your area will jump right on and help 00:25:58.940 --> 00:26:02.150 you identify. Also, there's a lot of information 00:26:02.150 --> 00:26:04.009 out there about how do you distinguish wasps 00:26:04.009 --> 00:26:06.210 from flies from bees because there are a lot 00:26:06.210 --> 00:26:08.690 of mimics out there, and that's a lot of fun 00:26:08.690 --> 00:26:12.289 to do. Like, I found out that a lot of critters 00:26:12.289 --> 00:26:14.190 that I'd been calling bees turned out to be flies, 00:26:14.230 --> 00:26:16.089 so I had no idea. So that was really interesting. 00:26:16.750 --> 00:26:18.430 All right, I'm going to let you have the last 00:26:18.430 --> 00:26:21.230 word. Go ahead and wrap up with, just in general, 00:26:21.730 --> 00:26:24.529 what kinds of things can we and should we be 00:26:24.529 --> 00:26:27.180 doing. that are going to help these, I'm just 00:26:27.180 --> 00:26:29.140 going to say native pollinators because it's 00:26:29.140 --> 00:26:31.079 more than just bees. We're trying to help them 00:26:31.079 --> 00:26:34.059 all. That is true. The number one thing you can 00:26:34.059 --> 00:26:37.460 do is plant native species to your area. The 00:26:37.460 --> 00:26:40.359 other thing you can do is stop using pesticides. 00:26:40.440 --> 00:26:44.140 Advocate for people to not so wantonly use pesticides. 00:26:44.339 --> 00:26:47.460 People spray them all over their lawns and that 00:26:47.460 --> 00:26:49.920 floats. That doesn't just go right where people 00:26:49.920 --> 00:26:54.390 spray it. 70 % of our native bees are ground 00:26:54.390 --> 00:26:56.589 nesting. So when you spray that into the ground, 00:26:56.950 --> 00:26:58.710 that affects them. That's where they're living. 00:26:59.269 --> 00:27:02.069 So this whole approach to just having to recklessly 00:27:02.069 --> 00:27:04.829 spray everything to keep a perfect lawn is a 00:27:04.829 --> 00:27:07.130 problem. So I would say those are the two things 00:27:07.130 --> 00:27:11.509 to help support native bees and other pollinators 00:27:11.509 --> 00:27:14.349 and your honeybees. And what's a good way to 00:27:14.349 --> 00:27:17.569 advocate with our city or town, wherever we are? 00:27:17.950 --> 00:27:20.519 Well, That's always a fun one. You can call them 00:27:20.519 --> 00:27:22.980 up or email them. You can show up at your town 00:27:22.980 --> 00:27:26.200 meetings. I find that showing up and just introducing 00:27:26.200 --> 00:27:29.039 yourself or setting up a meeting with your town 00:27:29.039 --> 00:27:31.819 supervisor or your mayor and saying, this is 00:27:31.819 --> 00:27:34.200 important to me. And I raise honeybees, but I 00:27:34.200 --> 00:27:35.960 know that native bees are important, too. And 00:27:35.960 --> 00:27:38.380 I want to make sure that there's enough forage. 00:27:38.400 --> 00:27:40.279 And I would like to encourage native planting 00:27:40.279 --> 00:27:42.960 here. I find that to be very helpful. Maybe talk 00:27:42.960 --> 00:27:45.599 to them about their landscaping contract. Yeah, 00:27:45.599 --> 00:27:47.599 I've certainly had success working with communities 00:27:47.599 --> 00:27:50.720 on that to say maybe stop spraying pesticide 00:27:50.720 --> 00:27:52.759 on the lawn. Is that necessary? Maybe you don't 00:27:52.759 --> 00:27:55.440 need to fertilize. Maybe you can just overseed. 00:27:55.619 --> 00:27:58.230 Maybe you can reduce some of that lawn. help 00:27:58.230 --> 00:28:00.190 them start thinking about it, start advocating. 00:28:00.910 --> 00:28:04.390 And I always recommend not coming in all angry 00:28:04.390 --> 00:28:07.230 and agitated. Come in and educate. People don't 00:28:07.230 --> 00:28:10.990 know. Most people only know about bees as honeybees, 00:28:11.049 --> 00:28:12.890 and most people don't even know much about that. 00:28:13.269 --> 00:28:15.269 So they certainly don't know about all the variety 00:28:15.269 --> 00:28:18.069 of life cycles in native bees. And most people 00:28:18.069 --> 00:28:20.410 don't understand pollinators. They think if they 00:28:20.410 --> 00:28:22.509 plant a lot of zinnias, they're helping pollinators. 00:28:22.599 --> 00:28:26.460 And that's not really how it works. So people 00:28:26.460 --> 00:28:28.759 want to help. I have found over the years people 00:28:28.759 --> 00:28:30.500 tremendously want to help. They just don't know 00:28:30.500 --> 00:28:33.619 how because nobody's really educated about this. 00:28:33.960 --> 00:28:37.700 So educate. Help them find resources and encourage 00:28:37.700 --> 00:28:40.539 them. And then when they do what you want, thank 00:28:40.539 --> 00:28:43.700 them. It encourages them to do more. Help them 00:28:43.700 --> 00:28:45.460 plant a pollinator garden. Work with your local 00:28:45.460 --> 00:28:47.539 Wild West chapter to get some gardens in your 00:28:47.539 --> 00:28:51.160 community. Jennifer, Michelle, I really appreciate 00:28:51.160 --> 00:28:54.539 your time. We will stick a link or an email, 00:28:54.579 --> 00:28:56.980 whatever you want, in the show notes in case 00:28:56.980 --> 00:28:59.579 people want to reach out to you and see if you 00:28:59.579 --> 00:29:01.460 can be some kind of a resource for them. Would 00:29:01.460 --> 00:29:03.819 that be okay? That would be great. And thank 00:29:03.819 --> 00:29:05.619 you so much for the chance to come and talk to 00:29:05.619 --> 00:29:11.779 you and all of your audience. Thanks again for 00:29:11.779 --> 00:29:14.299 joining us here on Be Love, Be Keeping presented 00:29:14.299 --> 00:29:18.230 by Man Lake. Remember right now to follow or 00:29:18.230 --> 00:29:21.829 subscribe and share this podcast. Also a quick 00:29:21.829 --> 00:29:24.250 shout out to Vita B Health for their support. 00:29:25.049 --> 00:29:27.950 Vita's Varroa Control range of products includes 00:29:27.950 --> 00:29:32.230 Apistan, Apigard, and now Varroxan Extended Release 00:29:32.230 --> 00:29:35.990 Oxalic Acid Strips. Thanks guys. And remember, 00:29:36.250 --> 00:29:38.450 if you're not just in it for the honey or the 00:29:38.450 --> 00:29:41.150 money, you're in it for the love. See you next 00:29:41.150 --> 00:29:41.470 week.