WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.259 Did you see that crazy blue spiral in the sky 00:00:03.259 --> 00:00:07.099 a few days ago, Monday? The 24th, I think it 00:00:07.099 --> 00:00:09.640 was. Yeah, pretty wild, huh? It was visible over 00:00:09.640 --> 00:00:11.380 a huge area. I think people were seeing it from 00:00:11.380 --> 00:00:13.820 the UK all the way over to Croatia. Yeah. What 00:00:13.820 --> 00:00:15.519 was that thing? I saw some photos online. It 00:00:15.519 --> 00:00:19.059 looked like a giant space whirlpool or something, 00:00:19.359 --> 00:00:21.519 like some kind of portal. It definitely got people 00:00:21.519 --> 00:00:24.820 talking. Social media was blowing up with pictures 00:00:24.820 --> 00:00:29.820 and theories. I bet. So was it aliens? Well, 00:00:29.960 --> 00:00:33.700 some folks definitely thought so, but the most 00:00:33.700 --> 00:00:35.979 likely explanation is a little less exciting 00:00:35.979 --> 00:00:39.039 than that. The UK Met Office chimed in pretty 00:00:39.039 --> 00:00:41.799 quickly and they said it was probably from a 00:00:41.799 --> 00:00:45.079 SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launch. Oh, a rocket launch. 00:00:45.299 --> 00:00:47.320 Really. Seems like it. It had launched earlier 00:00:47.320 --> 00:00:49.320 that day from Cape Canaveral down in Florida. 00:00:49.520 --> 00:00:51.859 OK, but wait, a rocket launch just makes the 00:00:51.859 --> 00:00:53.920 straight line going up, right? Not like a giant 00:00:53.920 --> 00:00:56.460 blue spiral. Right, yeah. The spiral effect was 00:00:56.460 --> 00:00:58.700 actually caused by leftover fuel that got vented 00:00:58.700 --> 00:01:01.000 from the rocket's upper stage. See, after the 00:01:01.000 --> 00:01:03.359 rocket does its main job, it has to get rid of 00:01:03.359 --> 00:01:06.079 any extra fuel. And because it's so high up, 00:01:06.219 --> 00:01:09.280 that fuel freezes into ice crystals. I see. And 00:01:09.280 --> 00:01:11.560 when those crystals catch the sunlight, even 00:01:11.560 --> 00:01:13.780 though it's nighttime on the ground, you get 00:01:13.780 --> 00:01:17.629 that amazing swirling, luminous effect that everyone 00:01:17.629 --> 00:01:21.310 saw. So it's like a giant space ice sculpture 00:01:21.310 --> 00:01:24.150 reflecting the sun. Kind of, yeah. And the spinning 00:01:24.150 --> 00:01:26.349 motion probably comes from the rotation of the 00:01:26.349 --> 00:01:28.489 rocket stage itself. Makes sense. I guess that's 00:01:28.489 --> 00:01:32.030 one way to make an entrance, huh? But it's kind 00:01:32.030 --> 00:01:34.650 of scary to think that something we launched 00:01:34.650 --> 00:01:37.430 from Earth could create such a huge visual phenomenon 00:01:37.430 --> 00:01:40.299 so high up in the atmosphere. Yeah, it really 00:01:40.299 --> 00:01:41.920 makes you think about the impact we're having 00:01:41.920 --> 00:01:43.780 up there. It does. And this isn't even the first 00:01:43.780 --> 00:01:45.180 time something like this has happened, right? 00:01:45.459 --> 00:01:48.000 Wasn't there another spiral spotted after a SpaceX 00:01:48.000 --> 00:01:51.239 launch sometime last year? You're right, there 00:01:51.239 --> 00:01:53.879 was. It was also over Europe, I think. So yeah, 00:01:54.060 --> 00:01:57.420 as weird as it looks, it's actually pretty normal 00:01:57.420 --> 00:01:59.540 when you think about how rockets work. Normal. 00:01:59.680 --> 00:02:01.620 I guess normal is relative these days, huh? Yeah, 00:02:01.659 --> 00:02:04.579 I guess so. So we've got all these rocket launches 00:02:04.579 --> 00:02:07.280 happening all the time now. Space is getting 00:02:07.280 --> 00:02:09.360 pretty crowded with all the commercial activity 00:02:09.360 --> 00:02:13.199 and those huge satellite networks. What are they 00:02:13.199 --> 00:02:16.159 called? Mega constellations. Yeah, mega constellations. 00:02:16.240 --> 00:02:18.080 It just seems like we're constantly launching 00:02:18.080 --> 00:02:20.460 stuff up there. We are. It's a booming industry. 00:02:20.800 --> 00:02:23.240 But all those launches, plus all those satellites 00:02:23.240 --> 00:02:25.240 that eventually have to come back down, they 00:02:25.240 --> 00:02:27.879 have experts worried about potential environmental 00:02:27.879 --> 00:02:30.830 impacts. I can see why they'd be concerned. What 00:02:30.830 --> 00:02:32.509 are some of the specific things they're looking 00:02:32.509 --> 00:02:34.330 at? Well, let's start with the rocket launches 00:02:34.330 --> 00:02:37.110 themselves. You know, most rockets these days 00:02:37.110 --> 00:02:39.569 use fossil fuels, right? Right. And when those 00:02:39.569 --> 00:02:42.669 fuels burn, they release a lot of soot. You know, 00:02:42.729 --> 00:02:45.930 that black carbon stuff. And that soot goes directly 00:02:45.930 --> 00:02:50.030 into the stratosphere. The stratosphere. That's 00:02:50.030 --> 00:02:51.909 pretty high up, right? It is. It's the layer 00:02:51.909 --> 00:02:54.659 above where airplanes usually fly. And it's where 00:02:54.659 --> 00:02:56.840 the ozone layer is? Oh, right. The ozone layer. 00:02:56.979 --> 00:02:59.120 That's the one we want to protect. Right. Exactly. 00:02:59.780 --> 00:03:02.300 So having all that black soot up there is a big 00:03:02.300 --> 00:03:05.419 concern because soot is really good at absorbing 00:03:05.419 --> 00:03:07.919 sunlight and turning it into heat. So it basically 00:03:07.919 --> 00:03:10.840 acts like a blanket warming up the stratosphere. 00:03:11.069 --> 00:03:12.750 That's a good way to put it. And the problem 00:03:12.750 --> 00:03:15.870 is research shows that soot from rockets is actually 00:03:15.870 --> 00:03:18.650 way more effective at heating the atmosphere 00:03:18.650 --> 00:03:21.610 than soot released closer to the ground, like 00:03:21.610 --> 00:03:24.009 from cars or factories. So it's not just the 00:03:24.009 --> 00:03:26.030 amount of soot. It's also where it ends up. Right. 00:03:26.210 --> 00:03:28.469 The altitude makes a huge difference. It's kind 00:03:28.469 --> 00:03:30.270 of like if you add a little bit of black dye 00:03:30.270 --> 00:03:32.810 to a glass of water, it changes the color of 00:03:32.810 --> 00:03:35.909 the whole thing. That's a good analogy. So what 00:03:35.909 --> 00:03:38.490 are the potential consequences of this warming 00:03:38.490 --> 00:03:40.719 in the stratosphere? I mean, does it? really 00:03:40.719 --> 00:03:42.479 affect us down here? Well, that's what scientists 00:03:42.479 --> 00:03:44.659 are trying to figure out. But there's a lot of 00:03:44.659 --> 00:03:47.039 concern that it could mess with global weather 00:03:47.039 --> 00:03:49.639 patterns. So there was a study by the National 00:03:49.639 --> 00:03:52.400 Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA, 00:03:52.620 --> 00:03:55.580 that looked at what might happen if we had a 00:03:55.580 --> 00:03:59.060 tenfold increase in rocket launches that use 00:03:59.060 --> 00:04:02.039 those hydrocarbon fuels. A tenfold increase. 00:04:02.039 --> 00:04:05.180 Wow. Yeah. And they found that this could potentially 00:04:05.180 --> 00:04:07.840 damage the ozone layer and also change the way 00:04:07.840 --> 00:04:11.520 air circulates in the atmosphere. So a tenfold 00:04:11.520 --> 00:04:14.159 increase in launches that's that doesn't seem 00:04:14.159 --> 00:04:16.600 that far -fetched considering how fast the space 00:04:16.600 --> 00:04:18.740 industry is growing What sort of damage are we 00:04:18.740 --> 00:04:20.660 talking about here? Well, they projected that 00:04:20.660 --> 00:04:23.000 the stratosphere could warm up by anywhere from 00:04:23.000 --> 00:04:25.899 half a degree to two degrees Celsius two degrees 00:04:25.899 --> 00:04:28.620 That sounds like a lot it is for the stratosphere. 00:04:28.620 --> 00:04:30.819 It's a pretty stable environment up there So 00:04:30.819 --> 00:04:33.000 even small changes in temperature can have a 00:04:33.000 --> 00:04:35.399 big impact. Okay, what kind of impact are we 00:04:35.399 --> 00:04:37.360 talking about? Well, one thing they found is 00:04:37.360 --> 00:04:40.399 that it could slow down the subtropical jet streams. 00:04:40.899 --> 00:04:44.240 Those are the fast -moving air currents that 00:04:44.240 --> 00:04:46.500 flow high up in the atmosphere, and they help 00:04:46.500 --> 00:04:49.160 steer weather systems around the globe. Right, 00:04:49.180 --> 00:04:50.879 the jet stream. I hear meteorologists talking 00:04:50.879 --> 00:04:53.379 about that all the time. Exactly. And if they 00:04:53.379 --> 00:04:55.839 slow down, it could lead to more extreme weather 00:04:55.839 --> 00:04:58.360 events, like longer heat waves and droughts. 00:04:58.360 --> 00:05:02.420 Oh, wow. So this is like a global issue. Potentially, 00:05:02.560 --> 00:05:04.579 yeah. And what about the ozone layer? What do 00:05:04.579 --> 00:05:07.230 they say about that? The study found that ozone 00:05:07.230 --> 00:05:10.670 levels could drop significantly in areas north 00:05:10.670 --> 00:05:13.649 of about 30 degrees latitude. That's around where 00:05:13.649 --> 00:05:17.209 Houston is. And they even projected a 4 % reduction 00:05:17.209 --> 00:05:19.730 in ozone at the North Pole during the month of 00:05:19.730 --> 00:05:23.750 June. 4%, that's pretty alarming, right? It is. 00:05:23.889 --> 00:05:26.290 Because the ozone layer protects us from harmful 00:05:26.290 --> 00:05:29.550 UV radiation from the sun. So if it gets thinner, 00:05:29.870 --> 00:05:32.209 we're more at risk for things like skin cancer 00:05:32.209 --> 00:05:35.290 and cataracts. So are we certain about how much 00:05:35.290 --> 00:05:37.170 soot rockets are actually putting out? I mean, 00:05:37.170 --> 00:05:38.689 it sounds like they're still figuring that out. 00:05:38.889 --> 00:05:40.850 Yeah, that's a good point. There's still a lot 00:05:40.850 --> 00:05:43.750 of uncertainty about exactly how much soot different 00:05:43.750 --> 00:05:46.709 types of rocket engines are releasing, more research 00:05:46.709 --> 00:05:49.850 is definitely needed there. And are all rocket 00:05:49.850 --> 00:05:52.610 fuels created equal, or are some cleaner than 00:05:52.610 --> 00:05:55.149 others? Well, some companies are looking at using 00:05:55.149 --> 00:05:58.490 cleaner fuels like liquid hydrogen. The problem 00:05:58.490 --> 00:06:01.370 is, even those fuels can have environmental impacts 00:06:01.370 --> 00:06:03.589 when they're released at high altitudes. Like, 00:06:03.709 --> 00:06:06.610 even though hydrogen burns mostly clean, it does 00:06:06.610 --> 00:06:09.750 produce water vapor. And in the upper atmosphere, 00:06:09.769 --> 00:06:12.879 where it's very dry, water vapor can act as a 00:06:12.879 --> 00:06:15.399 greenhouse gas. Oh, wow. So something that's 00:06:15.399 --> 00:06:17.519 considered green down here might not be so great 00:06:17.519 --> 00:06:20.500 up there. Exactly. It's all about context. So 00:06:20.500 --> 00:06:23.079 it sounds like the takeaway here is that no matter 00:06:23.079 --> 00:06:26.120 what kind of fuel they use, rocket launches are 00:06:26.120 --> 00:06:28.459 having an impact on the upper atmosphere. That's 00:06:28.459 --> 00:06:30.959 right. And it's not just the launches themselves. 00:06:31.180 --> 00:06:33.319 We also have to think about what happens when 00:06:33.319 --> 00:06:35.480 all those satellites we're sending up there eventually 00:06:35.480 --> 00:06:37.699 come back down. Right. What does happen to them? 00:06:37.850 --> 00:06:40.430 Well, when a satellite reaches the end of its 00:06:40.430 --> 00:06:43.389 life, it usually falls back towards Earth and 00:06:43.389 --> 00:06:46.209 burns up in the atmosphere. Burns up. Like, completely 00:06:46.209 --> 00:06:48.829 disintegrates. Mostly, yeah. It's actually a 00:06:48.829 --> 00:06:50.850 good thing because it prevents them from becoming 00:06:50.850 --> 00:06:53.550 space junk and cluttering up Earth's orbit. Makes 00:06:53.550 --> 00:06:55.930 sense. But it also sounds like it could create 00:06:55.930 --> 00:06:58.509 a lot of pollution. It does. When a satellite 00:06:58.509 --> 00:07:00.949 burns up, it releases a bunch of stuff into the 00:07:00.949 --> 00:07:03.889 atmosphere, mostly aluminum oxide and other metallic 00:07:03.889 --> 00:07:06.459 particles. And a lot of satellites are made of 00:07:06.459 --> 00:07:09.259 aluminum alloys. So when they burn up, those 00:07:09.259 --> 00:07:12.139 metals vaporize and turn into tiny particles 00:07:12.139 --> 00:07:15.779 of aluminum oxide. So are we talking about like 00:07:15.779 --> 00:07:18.600 a big cloud of metal dust in the atmosphere? 00:07:18.860 --> 00:07:21.300 In a way, yeah. And one study estimated that 00:07:21.300 --> 00:07:23.420 the amount of aluminum oxide in the mesosphere 00:07:23.420 --> 00:07:26.019 and stratosphere could increase by a whopping 00:07:26.019 --> 00:07:28.620 six hundred and fifty percent in the next few 00:07:28.620 --> 00:07:31.560 decades. Six hundred fifty percent. That's that's 00:07:31.560 --> 00:07:33.699 insane. What are the potential consequences of 00:07:33.699 --> 00:07:36.519 that? Well, similar to the soot from rocket launches, 00:07:36.879 --> 00:07:39.240 aluminum oxide can also affect the ozone layer 00:07:39.240 --> 00:07:41.540 and cause changes in temperature in the upper 00:07:41.540 --> 00:07:43.939 atmosphere. So we have the soot from the launches 00:07:43.939 --> 00:07:46.319 and then the metal dust from the satellites burning 00:07:46.319 --> 00:07:49.220 up. That sounds like a double whammy. It is, 00:07:49.379 --> 00:07:51.279 and some researchers are even worried that all 00:07:51.279 --> 00:07:53.600 that metallic dust could interfere with Earth's 00:07:53.600 --> 00:07:55.600 magnetic field. The magnetic field, that's the 00:07:55.600 --> 00:07:57.519 one that protects us from solar radiation, right? 00:07:57.519 --> 00:07:59.899 Exactly. The theory is that the metallic dust 00:07:59.899 --> 00:08:01.959 could weaken the magnetic field, which would 00:08:01.959 --> 00:08:04.639 make us more vulnerable to harmful radiation 00:08:04.639 --> 00:08:09.379 from space. That's kind of scary. So how long 00:08:09.379 --> 00:08:11.860 does this pollution from satellites stay up there? 00:08:11.959 --> 00:08:15.399 Well, most satellites burn up between about 60 00:08:15.399 --> 00:08:18.899 and 80 kilometers above Earth. Okay. And at that 00:08:18.899 --> 00:08:22.459 altitude, the air is so thin that particles can 00:08:22.459 --> 00:08:24.560 stay suspended for a really long time. How long? 00:08:24.839 --> 00:08:26.819 We're talking potentially hundreds of years. 00:08:27.079 --> 00:08:29.660 Hundreds of years, wow. So is there anything 00:08:29.660 --> 00:08:31.759 we can do about this? Like, is there a way to 00:08:31.759 --> 00:08:33.700 make satellites burn up in a way that's less 00:08:33.700 --> 00:08:36.980 polluting? Some scientists have proposed controlling 00:08:36.980 --> 00:08:39.379 the re -entry of satellites so that they burn 00:08:39.379 --> 00:08:41.840 up at a lower altitude. A lower altitude, okay. 00:08:41.940 --> 00:08:44.039 The idea is that if they burn up lower down, 00:08:44.279 --> 00:08:46.100 the metallic particles would fall to the ground 00:08:46.100 --> 00:08:48.539 more quickly and wouldn't stay suspended in the 00:08:48.539 --> 00:08:50.860 atmosphere for so long. Right, that makes sense. 00:08:51.600 --> 00:08:53.220 So we've been talking a lot about pollution in 00:08:53.220 --> 00:08:55.960 the upper atmosphere, but what about the environmental 00:08:55.960 --> 00:08:58.919 impacts of space exploration right here on Earth, 00:08:59.159 --> 00:09:01.870 like at the launch sites themselves? That's a 00:09:01.870 --> 00:09:03.769 great question, because yeah, launch sites can 00:09:03.769 --> 00:09:05.250 definitely have an impact on the environment, 00:09:05.450 --> 00:09:08.210 especially if there's an accident. Right. Remember 00:09:08.210 --> 00:09:11.129 that SpaceX Starship launch in Texas last year? 00:09:11.370 --> 00:09:13.269 The one that blew up the launch pad? Yeah, what 00:09:13.269 --> 00:09:15.129 a mess. It was a pretty spectacular failure, 00:09:15.210 --> 00:09:17.629 to be honest. But it also caused a lot of damage, 00:09:17.690 --> 00:09:20.470 right? It did. The force of the explosion sent 00:09:20.470 --> 00:09:23.490 debris flying for kilometers around the launch 00:09:23.490 --> 00:09:28.250 site, like sand, soil. pieces of metal and concrete, 00:09:28.429 --> 00:09:30.750 all kinds of stuff. Oh, wow. Where did all that 00:09:30.750 --> 00:09:33.450 debris land? A lot of it ended up in nearby state 00:09:33.450 --> 00:09:37.009 parks and wildlife refuges. And that area is 00:09:37.009 --> 00:09:39.669 really important for a lot of plants and animals, 00:09:39.690 --> 00:09:41.669 some of which are endangered. I remember reading 00:09:41.669 --> 00:09:43.409 that they had to ground Starship for a while 00:09:43.409 --> 00:09:45.389 because of the environmental damage. Yeah, the 00:09:45.389 --> 00:09:47.250 U .S. Fish and Wildlife Service stepped in. They 00:09:47.250 --> 00:09:49.549 weren't too happy about it. So these environmental 00:09:49.549 --> 00:09:51.629 concerns aren't just hypothetical. They're actually 00:09:51.629 --> 00:09:53.649 happening. They are. And it's only going to get 00:09:53.649 --> 00:09:56.110 worse as the space industry continues to grow. 00:09:56.409 --> 00:09:58.909 So is there anything being done to address these 00:09:58.909 --> 00:10:01.269 concerns? Like are there any regulations in place? 00:10:01.789 --> 00:10:04.970 Not really. That's the problem. Seriously. No 00:10:04.970 --> 00:10:07.450 regulations at all. Right now there aren't any 00:10:07.450 --> 00:10:10.379 specific rules about air pollution from rocket 00:10:10.379 --> 00:10:13.340 launches or satellite reentries. Wow. So there 00:10:13.340 --> 00:10:16.500 are no regulations. Well, in the U .S., the Federal 00:10:16.500 --> 00:10:19.500 Communications Commission, the FCC, is responsible 00:10:19.500 --> 00:10:22.120 for licensing satellites. OK. But they don't 00:10:22.120 --> 00:10:24.759 require any environmental impact studies before 00:10:24.759 --> 00:10:27.120 they issue those licenses. So they're just launching 00:10:27.120 --> 00:10:29.399 satellites without any consideration for the 00:10:29.399 --> 00:10:31.240 environmental consequences. Pretty much. Yeah. 00:10:31.399 --> 00:10:33.360 And what about internationally? Are there any 00:10:33.360 --> 00:10:36.440 treaties or agreements that address this issue? 00:10:36.840 --> 00:10:39.879 Nope. This whole thing is so new that it seems 00:10:39.879 --> 00:10:42.019 to have fallen through the cracks of existing 00:10:42.019 --> 00:10:44.580 environmental regulations. So we're basically 00:10:44.580 --> 00:10:47.639 in uncharted territory here. Exactly. And that's 00:10:47.639 --> 00:10:49.980 what's so worrying. We're pushing the boundaries 00:10:49.980 --> 00:10:52.379 of space exploration without fully understanding 00:10:52.379 --> 00:10:54.440 the environmental costs. We've been talking a 00:10:54.440 --> 00:10:56.340 lot about the impacts of launch sites in the 00:10:56.340 --> 00:10:58.159 U .S., but what about other countries? Well, 00:10:58.200 --> 00:11:01.259 the Soviet -era Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan 00:11:01.259 --> 00:11:04.019 is a good example of what can happen when environmental 00:11:04.019 --> 00:11:07.350 regulations are lax. What happened? located in 00:11:07.350 --> 00:11:10.129 a really sensitive ecosystem. And for years, 00:11:10.190 --> 00:11:12.169 they didn't really pay much attention to the 00:11:12.169 --> 00:11:14.230 environmental impact of their launches. And what 00:11:14.230 --> 00:11:16.710 was the result of that? Well, the area around 00:11:16.710 --> 00:11:19.110 the Cosmodrome ended up being heavily polluted 00:11:19.110 --> 00:11:22.409 with toxic rocket fuel. It became a real environmental 00:11:22.409 --> 00:11:25.129 disaster. A lot of people got sick. That's awful. 00:11:25.710 --> 00:11:28.850 So is anyone doing things right? Like, are there 00:11:28.850 --> 00:11:31.110 any space agencies that are taking environmental 00:11:31.110 --> 00:11:33.799 concerns seriously? Well, the European Space 00:11:33.799 --> 00:11:36.940 Agency has been trying to minimize the impact 00:11:36.940 --> 00:11:41.019 of their Kourou spaceport in French Guiana. Kourou 00:11:41.019 --> 00:11:43.539 is right next to a rainforest, so they're very 00:11:43.539 --> 00:11:45.299 aware of the need to protect the environment. 00:11:45.360 --> 00:11:46.940 What are they doing differently? They're doing 00:11:46.940 --> 00:11:49.940 a lot of things, actually. They monitor air and 00:11:49.940 --> 00:11:52.720 water quality really closely, and they have strict 00:11:52.720 --> 00:11:55.179 rules about what kind of activities are allowed 00:11:55.179 --> 00:11:57.720 near the launch site. So it sounds like it is 00:11:57.720 --> 00:12:00.230 possible to launch... rockets and satellites 00:12:00.230 --> 00:12:02.990 in a more environmentally friendly way? It is, 00:12:03.149 --> 00:12:06.210 but it takes a lot of effort and planning. So 00:12:06.210 --> 00:12:09.789 as we continue to explore space, what are some 00:12:09.789 --> 00:12:12.330 things that we can do to ensure that we're not 00:12:12.330 --> 00:12:14.870 destroying the planet in the process? Well, first 00:12:14.870 --> 00:12:16.909 of all, we need to start taking the environmental 00:12:16.909 --> 00:12:20.029 impacts of space exploration seriously. We can't 00:12:20.029 --> 00:12:22.830 just assume that it's all good. Right. And we 00:12:22.830 --> 00:12:25.639 need to develop better regulations and international 00:12:25.639 --> 00:12:28.399 agreements to address these issues. So more research, 00:12:28.820 --> 00:12:31.940 more regulations, and more international cooperation. 00:12:32.360 --> 00:12:35.080 Exactly. Well, this has been a fascinating, if 00:12:35.080 --> 00:12:37.559 somewhat sobering, look at the environmental 00:12:37.559 --> 00:12:39.779 impact of space exploration. It's definitely 00:12:39.779 --> 00:12:41.840 something we all need to be thinking about. I 00:12:41.840 --> 00:12:43.879 agree. And speaking of thinking about the environment, 00:12:43.960 --> 00:12:45.840 if you'd like to learn more about meteorology 00:12:45.840 --> 00:12:48.039 and weather, be sure to follow meteorologist 00:12:48.039 --> 00:12:51.750 Rob Jones on Instagram. meteorologist and on 00:12:51.750 --> 00:12:55.789 TikTok TV meteorologist and on YouTube just search 00:12:55.789 --> 00:12:58.529 for Rob Jones hurricane. He's got great content. 00:12:58.929 --> 00:13:01.210 You can also find the meteorology podcast playlist 00:13:01.210 --> 00:13:03.289 on his YouTube channel. Thanks for listening.