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Welcome back to Meteorology Matters.

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We're diving into some pretty cool weather

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and earth science today.

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If you like what you hear,

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I encourage you to follow meteorologist Rob Jones

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on Instagram, meteorologist on TikTok,

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TV meteorologist, and on YouTube follow Rob Jones' hurricane,

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where you can also find the meteorology matters playlist.

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All right, let's head north today.

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Up to Alaska, there's a volcano up there

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that's been making headlines, Mount Spur.

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Yeah, Mount Spur.

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It's a strata volcano about 75 miles west of Anchorage.

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It's definitely caught the attention of scientists lately.

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So when we hear volcanic unrest,

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I mean, it makes you think eruption, right?

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But what does that actually mean?

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Well, it doesn't always mean an eruption is about to happen,

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but it does mean something's changing.

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Imagine a pot of water on the stove simmering.

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You see bubbles, steam,

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maybe the water level even changes a little.

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Those are signs of activity.

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Volcanic unrest is similar.

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We might see more earthquakes, changes in the ground,

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even the gases coming out change.

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It's like the volcano sending signals.

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So what kind of signals are we seeing at Mount Spur?

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One of the biggest is the earthquakes.

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Way more earthquakes.

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We used to see like 30 awake, now it's over 125.

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Since April last year,

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they've recorded over 2,700 earthquakes there.

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Wow, are we talking like major earthquakes?

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Not really.

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Most of them are small.

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The strongest one was 2.9, but it's the pattern,

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the frequency that tells us something's happening,

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like magma moving underground.

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And that gets volcanologist attention.

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So it's not just about how strong the air is,

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it's what they tell us.

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What about ground deformation?

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What does that accept?

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It means the shape of the volcano is changing,

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even tiny changes, we can measure that.

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It means pressures building up as magma moves up,

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like inflating a balloon,

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it changes shape as you put more air in.

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So the volcano's kind of inflating.

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And that gives clues about what's happening below,

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and then there's fumaroles.

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Yeah, fumaroles are basically vents,

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openings where volcanic gases escape,

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like little windows into what's happening

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inside the volcano.

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We can look at the temperature,

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what the gases are made of, how much is coming out.

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Tell us about the magma below.

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Taking the volcano's temperature, checking his breath.

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Ah, yeah.

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And you know what's really interesting?

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There's this new lake formed in the crater last summer,

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it's mostly frozen now,

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but there's this incredible turquoise water

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visible in places.

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Turquoise, that's not what you expect in a volcano.

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Right, it's from dissolved minerals,

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volcanic gases mixing with the water.

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Actually, the exact shade of turquoise

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can tell us about the gases and the water temperature.

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Wow, even the color of the water tells a story.

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And then there's the steam rising from the frozen lake,

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those plumes of vapor from the fumaroles.

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It's a pretty striking image.

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It is, ice and steam against this massive volcano.

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Beautiful and kind of scary at the same time,

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reminds you of all that power underneath.

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Exactly, which leads to the big question,

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what if Mount Spur erupts?

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What would that look like?

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Yeah, what are the hazards?

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And this isn't just some remote volcano,

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this is pretty close to Anchorage, a big city.

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Right, and that's what makes it concerning.

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One of the biggest dangers with strata volcanoes

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like Mount Spur is something called pyroclastic flows.

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Pyroclastic flows, I've heard that term,

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what are they exactly?

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Imagine a super hot avalanche, gas, rock fragments, ash,

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all rushing down the volcano super fast,

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like over 200 miles per hour.

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200 miles per hour, and I'm guessing it's hot.

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Yeah, definitely, hundreds of degrees Celsius,

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extremely dangerous.

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Sounds terrifying, like a volcanic hurricane of ash and debris.

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Powerful force of nature.

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Then there are lahars too.

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Lahars, what are those?

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They're like volcanic mud flows,

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hot volcanic debris mixes with water,

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usually from melted snow and ice.

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These mud flows can travel for miles,

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picking up speed and everything in their path.

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They can bury entire communities.

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So it's not just the eruption itself,

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it's what comes after, and ash clouds too, right?

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Yeah, we all know those images

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of massive ash clouds during eruptions.

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Those disrupt air travel for sure.

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What other impacts can they have?

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They can be really bad for your health,

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especially if you have breathing problems.

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The ash particles get into your lungs,

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and depending on how big the cloud is and where it goes,

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it can affect agriculture, water supplies,

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even damaged buildings and roads.

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So everyday life gets disrupted,

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even if you're not right next to the volcano.

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Exactly, the eruption back in 1992,

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even though Anchorage is pretty far from Mount Spur,

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there were still big impacts.

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The airport had to shut down, ash everywhere.

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It's a good reminder of what can happen.

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Yeah, good reminder.

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The 1982 eruption gives us an idea

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of what to expect if it happens again.

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Right, and it shows that it's not just the immediate danger,

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there's a ripple effect.

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This is giving me a lot to think about.

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We've talked about the warning signs, the dangers,

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even a bit of Mount Spur's history.

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I bet our listeners are wondering,

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how likely is it to erupt,

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and what are people doing to get ready?

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We'll get into that right after this.

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So we've painted a pretty intense picture

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with those hazards, but an eruption isn't a sure thing.

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Right, it's not a guarantee,

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but those signs are definitely concerning.

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They are, but the volcanoes, they can be unpredictable.

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You know, we've seen this kind of unrest before

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at Mount Spur and nothing happened.

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Back in the early 2000s,

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there were a lot more earthquakes than usual,

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everyone was worried, but it just died down, no eruption.

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So how do scientists figure out how likely an eruption is?

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Is it like, I don't know, predicting the stock market,

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or other things they can actually look at?

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It's complicated.

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Volcanologists use a lot of different information.

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What's happening right now, the monitoring data,

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and then what they know about

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how the volcano has acted in the past.

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They look at the seismic waves, the ground deformation,

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the gases, even the heat coming from the volcano,

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all those pieces together help them understand

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what's going on inside.

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Like a detective putting together clues.

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Yeah, exactly.

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They've got some pretty amazing tools too,

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instruments and computer models,

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but volcanoes, they have a mind of their own,

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you can't always predict what they'll do.

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So even with all the technology,

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we can't say for sure if or when it will erupt.

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No, nature's a powerful thing,

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we don't always understand it completely,

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but that doesn't mean we can't do anything.

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We might not know exactly when,

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but we've gotten a lot better

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at forecasting volcanic hazards.

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Okay, that's good to hear.

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So if we can't predict exactly when,

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how do we get ready for an eruption?

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That's where monitoring and preparing ahead of time come in.

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There are organizations like

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the Alaska Volcano Observatory,

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they're really important.

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Tell me more about the Alaska Volcano Observatory,

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what do they do?

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They're like the watchdogs,

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keeping an eye on all the volcanoes in Alaska,

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they have seismic stations all over,

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they fly over the volcanoes to measure the gases coming out,

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they even use satellites to see if anything's changing.

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All that information goes to emergency management,

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people who make decisions about flights,

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and of course to the public.

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So everyone's working together?

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Yep, you've got the US Geological Survey,

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the University of Alaska Fairbanks,

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the State of Alaska,

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they all work together to keep people safe.

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That's impressive.

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So monitoring is key,

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but what about actually protecting people

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if an eruption does happen?

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That depends on what kind of eruption it is,

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how big it is.

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If it's small, maybe just some ash,

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the main thing is to get people

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who live close to the volcano out of there

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and make sure planes don't fly through the ash.

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And if it's a big one?

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Then you're talking about evacuating a lot more people.

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Ash could cover huge areas,

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transportation would be messed up,

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power could go out,

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and remember, ash can be dangerous to breathe.

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They have to plan for all of that.

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Wow, so many different things to consider.

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And it's not just up to the government,

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everyone who lives in a place like this

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or even visits needs to be ready.

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Have a plan, a kit with emergency supplies,

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and pay attention to the warnings

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from scientists and officials.

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We all have a part to play.

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Being prepared can really make a difference.

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Absolutely, especially with Mount Spur.

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Being prepared is so important.

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So let's look at what scientists are seeing right now,

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how they're monitoring it,

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and what they think the risk is.

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Okay, let's get into the details.

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What's the latest on Mount Spur?

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The most important thing is the seismic network.

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11 seismic stations all around the mountain,

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they're constantly listening for earthquakes.

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11 stations, that seems like a lot.

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Yeah, pretty impressive.

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And they do flights over the volcano too.

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Measure the gases coming out.

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Any big changes there could mean

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the pressure inside the volcano is changing,

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which could mean it's getting ready to erupt.

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Like checking the volcano's blood pressure.

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Huh, that's a good way to think about it.

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And they even go out there and shovel snow

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off the instruments, make sure they're working right.

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It's amazing how dedicated they are.

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Wow, so what's the verdict with all this data?

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How worried are scientists about an eruption soon?

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Well, that's the question, isn't it?

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The earthquakes are definitely a red flag,

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but it doesn't always mean an eruption is coming.

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The scientists are looking at all the data,

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trying to find any clues about what's gonna happen.

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So we wait and see.

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We wait, but we watch.

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The scientists are always working,

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updating their models, figuring out the risks,

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and they're sharing what they know

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so that people can be ready.

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It's a combination of incredible science

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and people working together to keep everyone safe.

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Well, we've talked about a lot.

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How volcanoes work, how they're monitored,

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and what's happening at Mount Spur.

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But before we finish,

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I wanna ask our listeners something.

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Give them something to think about.

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Exactly.

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We've talked about how an eruption

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could affect air travel, people's lives, the economy.

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What do you think should be done

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to get ready for an eruption?

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We'll be right back with some final thoughts.

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And we're back with meteorology matters.

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Back for the final look at Mount Spur.

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We've covered a lot from those signs of unrest

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to the possible dangers.

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And all the work being done

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to keep an eye on things and be prepared.

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Yeah, it's a fascinating look

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into how volcanoes work, isn't it?

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And it reminds us that this planet is always changing.

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Forces we can't control.

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That's for sure, but we can try to understand them, right?

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So we can make smart choices and be safer.

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Exactly.

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So as we wrap up our Mount Spur deep dive,

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what are the big takeaways for our listeners?

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What's important to remember?

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Good question.

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Well, first of all, Mount Spur IS

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showing signs of unrest.

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The earthquakes, that's a big clue

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that something's happening underground.

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But like we've been saying,

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it doesn't necessarily mean an eruption

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is going to happen right away.

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Yeah, it's like that pot on the stove again.

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Simmering away.

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Mike Boylover might not.

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How do you know?

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Huh, exactly.

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That's why the monitoring, the research,

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it's so important.

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The more we learn,

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the better we can understand what Mount Spur is doing

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and what it might do next.

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Which brings us to preparedness.

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Whether it erupts tomorrow or years from now,

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being ready is crucial.

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Absolutely.

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And it's not just the government's job.

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Everyone has a role to play.

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Individuals, families, communities,

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have a plan, have an emergency kit,

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know what the scientists and officials are saying,

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pay attention to warnings.

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Hope for the best,

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prepare for the worst, right?

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Especially with volcanoes.

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A little preparation makes a big difference.

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Couldn't agree more.

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The more we understand about volcanoes

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and what they can do,

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the better we can handle it when something happens.

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Well said.

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Big thanks to our expert today for all this great information.

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My pleasure.

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Volcanoes are amazing, powerful things.

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Always happy to talk about them.

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And to our listeners,

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thanks for joining us for Meteorology Matters.

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Hope you enjoyed it.

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Stay curious, stay informed, and stay prepared.

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We'll see you next time.

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Keep exploring our amazing planet.