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It seems like you can't escape the headlines these days

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about all the crazy weather.

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Yeah.

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And we've actually had a ton of requests

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to break down everything that happened in 2024.

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Like everyone's really feeling the heat literally.

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Yeah.

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So let's dive into it.

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We've got an expert with us who can help us make sense

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of this record breaking year.

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Well, you're definitely right about the records.

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2024 is officially the hottest year on record

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beating out even 2023.

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Oh, wow.

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And what's even more concerning is the fact

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that the global average temperature actually

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went above that 1.5 degrees Celsius,

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above pre-industrial levels.

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And it stayed there for a full 12 months.

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OK, wait a minute.

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That 1.5 degree mark, that's the limit

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from the Paris Agreement to try to prevent the worst

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climate change outcomes.

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Right?

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And we hit that for an entire year.

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Yeah.

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That's what makes 2024 such a serious wake-up call.

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We may be reaching that threshold sooner than we thought.

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So let's rewind a bit and look back at how this all played out.

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When did things really start to go off the rails?

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Well, the year began with the warmest January ever recorded.

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Oh, wow.

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Which kind of set the stage for what was to come.

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That led into the warmest winter on record

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for the entire Northern Hemisphere.

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And it wasn't just air temperature.

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We saw really warm oceans, too.

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So we're talking record breaking heat on land and at sea

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right from the start.

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Were there any other clues early on that 2024

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was going to be a wild one?

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Absolutely.

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In June, Hurricane Barrel formed, and it quickly

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became a category five hurricane.

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Wow.

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And that's the earliest we've ever seen a hurricane reach

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that intensity in the Atlantic.

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A category five in June?

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That's definitely not normal.

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Nope.

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And July just crank things up even more.

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On July 22, we had the Earth's hottest day ever recorded,

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a global average of 17.16 degrees Celsius.

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17.1 degrees Celsius.

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That's definitely a number to remember.

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And this wasn't just like a one-day spike, right?

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This extreme heat was global.

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You got it.

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In the days leading up to that, record cities in Asia

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from Japan to Indonesia to China were reporting

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record breaking temperatures of their own.

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Even the Gulf region had a heat index over 60 degrees Celsius.

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That is intense.

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It sounds brutal.

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Did this trend continue throughout the whole summer?

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It did.

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The northern hemisphere went through its warmest summer

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on record, ending with a scorching August.

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But it wasn't just about the heat waves.

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This intense heat also fueled other extreme events

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around the world.

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Like what else were we dealing with during this time?

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Well, in September, for instance,

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a low-pressure system named Boris

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hit central Europe with tons of rain.

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It caused some of the worst flooding the region

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has seen in a long time.

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Yeah, I remember seeing the images of those floods

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on the news.

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They were devastating.

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Entire neighborhoods were underwater.

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Exactly.

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Parts of the Czech Republic, Austria, Poland, and Slovakia

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got three months worth of rain in just five days.

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The damage was really widespread.

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Wow.

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And if I remember correctly, those intense rains

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weren't limited to Europe, were they?

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Your right.

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West Africa was also hit hard by heavy rains

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that same month.

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Countries like Nigeria and Niger Chad and Mali

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experienced their worst flooding in decades.

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Millions of people were affected.

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It's amazing how these extreme events were happening

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in totally different parts of the world.

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But you can see this connection to a bigger pattern

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of extreme weather driven by climate change.

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Yeah, it shows that we're all linked by our climate system.

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What happens in one region can definitely

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impact the entire globe.

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So with all this going on, we have

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to think about the usual suspects El Nino and greenhouse gas

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emissions.

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But it seems like even those can't fully

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explain how intense the warming was in 2024.

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Right.

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While those definitely played a part,

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scientists are exploring other things

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that might have added to this unprecedented warming.

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OK, so what else could be amplifying all this heat?

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Well, one interesting development

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is related to something you might not

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expect the shipping industry.

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Back in 2020, the International Maritime Organization,

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or IMO, set rules to cut down on sulfur in shipping fuel.

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This was a good thing for reducing air pollution,

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but it seems to have had an unexpected side effect.

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Wait, so how could cleaner shipping

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fuel actually lead to warmer temperatures?

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It has to do with something called planetary albedo.

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Albedo is basically how much solar radiation is

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reflected back into space by the Earth

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lighter surfaces like ice and clouds,

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reflect more sunlight, darker surfaces

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like oceans and forests absorb more.

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Got it.

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So how does the IMO regulation tie into albedo?

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So burning fossil fuels, including that old shipping

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fuel, released tiny particles called aerosols

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into the atmosphere.

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OK.

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These aerosols actually reflect sunlight back into space,

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increasing the planet's albedo.

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So when the IMO rules led to fewer aerosols,

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it looks like less solar radiation got reflected back,

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which means more warming.

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So cleaner shifts might actually be contributing

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to a warmer planet.

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That's interesting trade-off.

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It is.

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It shows how complex and interconnected

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the Earth's systems really are.

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But there's another factor that could be even more important

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when it comes to albedo cloud cover.

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Right, clouds, those massive planetary sunshades,

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what's happening with them.

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Scientists have noticed a decrease in total cloud

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cover over the past few decades, especially low-level clouds

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over the North Atlantic.

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This decrease is probably connected to rising ocean

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surface temperatures.

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So warmer oceans, fewer clouds, less reflection, more warming.

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Precisely.

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It creates a bit of a vicious cycle.

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Warming leads to fewer clouds, which

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leads to even more warming.

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This could be especially important over the North Atlantic,

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where ocean temperatures have been rising rapidly.

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It's like we're putting together a climate change puzzle,

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uncovering all these interconnected factors that

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contribute to these unprecedented heat waves.

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It's a complex puzzle, for sure.

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And we can't forget that all these rising temperatures

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and extreme weather events directly impact people's lives.

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Yeah, it's easy to get caught up in the science.

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But we can't ignore the human cost of climate change.

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You're right.

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And we saw that play out in 2024.

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The floods in Europe and West Africa

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displace millions and cause thousands of deaths.

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And there was that terrible heat wave in Saudi Arabia

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during the Hajj pilgrimage in June that

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killed over 1,300 people.

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It's just heartbreaking to think about all the suffering

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these events cause.

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It really hits home that climate change

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isn't some abstract idea.

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It's a real and present danger.

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It is.

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And it's danger that's only going to get worse

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if we don't do something.

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Organizations like World Weather Attribution

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are doing important work.

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They analyze these extreme weather events

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and figure out how much of it is due to human-caused climate

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change.

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Right.

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And what they're finding consistently

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shows a clear link.

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So it's not just a coincidence that we're

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seeing more and more of these extreme events.

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They're a direct result of our actions.

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Exactly.

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And the science is clear.

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Every bit of warming matters.

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The more the planet heats up, the more severe and frequent

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these events will be.

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That's a subring thought.

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But with all these alarming events,

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were there any signs of hope in 2024?

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Did we see any progress in tackling this crisis?

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There were some positive things happening

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on the international scene, despite all the bad news.

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Right.

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The UN Climate Conference, COP29,

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focused on giving more financial support to poorer

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countries to help them deal with the impacts of climate change.

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That makes sense.

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Those countries often don't have the resources

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to adapt to and recover from these disasters,

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even though they've contributed the least

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to historical carbon emissions.

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Exactly.

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And in response to the UN Secretary-General's call

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to action on extreme heat, a bunch of experts

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from different organizations and countries

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got together to develop a plan to address

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the growing problem of heat waves.

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So there's definitely growing awareness of the need

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to act urgently.

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That's good to hear.

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But it still feels like we're racing against time.

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What does 2024's record-breaking heat tell us about the future?

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Are we even close to meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement?

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Well, the fact that we went over 1.5 degrees Celsius

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of warming for 12 months straight is a big warning sign.

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It suggests we might be hitting that point much sooner

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than we thought.

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And going over that limit even temporarily

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has serious consequences, right?

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Absolutely.

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The effects of climate change aren't linear.

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Every little bit of warming makes more severe and frequent

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extreme weather events more likely.

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So we're already feeling the impacts,

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and they're only going to get worse unless we change course.

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But this isn't just about the next few years, is it?

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We need to be thinking long term.

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You're absolutely right.

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We need to look at the big picture

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and consider the kind of world we're

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leaving for future generations.

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It's a legacy that we all have a responsibility to shape.

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That's the key.

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The choices we make today will have effects for decades,

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even centuries to come.

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So as we move into 2025, what's the most important takeaway

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for our listeners, which we all keep in mind

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as we navigate this changing world?

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I think 2024 showed us more than ever

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that climate change isn't some far off threat.

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It's happening right now, and it's impacting us all.

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But the good news is we still have time to act.

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We can still make a difference.

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It's not too late.

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Exactly.

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We have the knowledge, the technology, and the resources

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to transition to a more sustainable future.

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We just need the political will and collective action

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to make it happen.

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It's a call to action.

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Absolutely.

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2025 could be a turning point.

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It's been designated as the International Year of Glaciers

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Preservation, which will hopefully

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shine a light on the cryosphere, the Earth's frozen regions.

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Right.

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They play a crucial role in regulating our climate.

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Protecting our glaciers is so important for a stable climate

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future.

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It is.

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And the World Meteorological Organization

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is also working on things to improve how we monitor greenhouse

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gases and develop early warning systems for extreme weather

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to protect vulnerable communities.

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So there's a lot of work being done to understand and deal

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with climate change.

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But in the end, it also comes down to individual action,

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right?

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It does.

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Every choice we make from the food we eat to how we travel

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to the products we buy has an impact on the planet.

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So we all have a role to play in creating

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a more sustainable future.

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It's not just about governments and big corporations.

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It's about each of us making conscious choices

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in our daily lives.

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Yes.

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And it's about demanding action from our leaders,

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making sure they keep their climate promises.

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It's about using our voices and our votes

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to create the world we want to live in.

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It's about recognizing that our individual actions, when

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multiplied by millions, can really make a difference.

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It really shows that we have the power

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to shape the future of this planet.

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Yeah, that's where the real hope lies in our ability

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to make a difference.

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As we wrap up our look at this incredibly hot year, 2024,

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what's the main message you want our listeners

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to walk away with?

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I think 2024 made one thing crystal clear.

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The effects of climate change aren't often the future anymore.

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They're happening now, and they're affecting all of us.

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But the good news is, we still have time to change things.

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We have the solutions.

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We just need everyone to work together

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and put them into action.

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2024 was certainly a wake-up call

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with all those record-breaking temperatures

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and extreme weather events.

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It's a warning of what could happen

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if we keep going down the same path.

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But it also showed how resilient people are

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and our ability to create positive change.

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Absolutely.

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If we want a safer and more sustainable world for the future,

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we have to act now, both on our own and together.

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So let's make 2025 the year we turn the tide on climate change.

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And for anyone listening who wants to stay informed

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on the latest weather and climate news,

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be sure to follow meteorologist Rob Jones.

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You can find him on Instagram at meteorologist

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on TikTok at TV Meteorologist.

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And on YouTube, just search for Rob Jones' Hurricane.

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You'll also find the Meteorology Matters

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podcast playlist there.

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Thanks for joining us on this episode of Meteorology Matters.

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We'll see you next time.

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Stay informed, stay involved, and stay hopeful.