Breaking free from the chains of the past Where
truth moves faster than a Holstein calf No law
waiting on some printed page We're charting new
ground in the digital age From genomic codes
to robot facts We cut through the noise, no hold
them back not your daddy's dairy news tonight
we're sparking Welcome back to the Bullvine Podcast,
where we cut through dairy industry noise to
get you the insights that actually matter for
your operation. And today, we're really diving
deep into a feature piece that's been generating
some serious buzz. This one's got layers. It
really does. Yeah, and some surprising revelations
that are going to make farmers, you know, rethink
how they've been approaching calf care. We're
not just talking about surviving the first few
weeks. No, this is beyond survival. It's about
programming performance. We're zeroing in on
the critical first 120 days of life and how consistency,
or really the lack of it, dictates not just health,
but the ultimate lifetime profitability of that
animal. That's right. Our mission today is to
give you a practical science -based guide to
those 120 days. The sources we've lined up for
this. articles from the Bullvine, university
research, proprietary industry data, they're
all relentless. Relentless is a good word for
it. Yeah, relentless in their focus on precision
management. They essentially argue that the first
four months of a calf's life determine, well,
everything, everything that happens afterwards.
From her first lactation milk yield all the way
to... All the way to carcass value, especially
now with this huge dairy beef segment. Exactly.
And what's fascinating here is how the sources...
frame the whole discussion. It's not about offering
these overly complex, super expensive nutritional
solutions. Not at all. It's about challenging
the fundamental, typical farm assumptions that
have just become routine. And the biggest revelation,
I think, is that if you miss three specific,
incredibly simple biological windows. The immunity
window, the rumen window, and the marbling window.
Those three. If you miss them, you create permanent
structural Physiological deficits. Deficits that
no feeding program later on can ever fully fix.
Permanent anatomical deficits. I mean, that is
a seriously strong claim. It really shifts the
focus from, you know, ketchup growth to just
pure prevention. You have to. But the payoff,
it's immediate and it's substantial. We are talking
about a documented achievable $100 plus per calf
in additional value at harvest or, you know,
superior lifetime yield just for implementing
changes that honestly cost next to nothing. Penny's
on the dollar, really. Okay, so let's set the
context here. Why does this deep dive matter
right now? Well, the entire global dairy industry
is laser -focused on efficiency, maximizing value
from every single animal on the farm. Right.
And that focus, more and more... extends directly
into the calf program. It's not an afterthought
anymore. This is particularly true with the,
I mean, you mentioned it, the explosion of the
dairy beef crossover market. It's huge. It is.
I mean, the USDA and market analysts have confirmed
the dairy beef sector has expanded by something
like 23%. 23 % just between 2021 and 2024. In
just a few years. That kind of growth means that
for a massive segment of calves born on dairy
farms, calf rearing is no longer just about raising
the next heifer. It's about raising a high -value
terminal animal. Because the goals change. The
targets for growth and health become, well, they
become non -negotiable. Exactly. The standard
for profitability, according to this research,
requires achieving 2 .4 to 2 .6 pounds of average
daily gain, ADG. And at the same time... reducing
pre -weaning morbidity so sickness by a staggering
60%. And these aren't just, you know, aspirational
goals written on a whiteboard. They are the baseline
for success, for actually making money. And the
stakes are incredibly high if you miss those
marks. We are looking at losses that are measured
not just in dollars, but in, well... In kilograms
of milk. Yeah. Potential losses of 500 kilograms
of lifetime milk equivalent if you fail to hit
those early growth targets. 500 kilograms. And
if that cap is hit for the beef program, that
failure translates to a devastating 16 percentage
point reduction in choice grade at harvest. So
you're literally sacrificing high end market
access. That's real permanent money just walking
out the door. Gone forever. But what gets me
is the controversy teased the sources offer right
up front. They claim the most common fundamental
mistakes that cause these massive losses. They
cost almost nothing to fix. Starting with about
$42 worth of simple equipment. Yeah, it's almost
insulting how simple it is. And they challenge
the core idea that farmers can accurately assess
the quality of their most foundational material.
This is the blind spot, isn't it? This is the
huge blind spot. We have industry estimates where
producers, they estimated that only about 8 %
of their colostrum was poor quality. They thought
they were doing a pretty good job. Right. But
then independent scientists for the 2024 NAHMS
study, they actually went out and tested samples
from farms all across the country. And they found
that 29%, almost a third, fell below. the minimum
quality thresholds. Wait, wait. So a nearly 400
% gap between what we think is happening and
what's actually happening. Precisely. That difference,
8 % perceived failure versus 29 % actual failure,
that is a massive foundational blind spot on
farms. We're making these critical early life
decisions based on a visual. Based on the color
or how thick it looks. Exactly. When the science
is just unequivocally screaming, you are feeling
29 % of the time and you don't even know it.
Okay. Let's unpack this with the precision the
source material demands. We are starting in the
first 120 days where, like you said, consistency
is king and precision is the law. It has to be.
So let's start with the core philosophy from
all this research. Calves grow on consistency,
not complexity. That's the headline. They define
consistency so simply. Same time, same temperature,
same quality. It sounds basic, but apparently
our inability to maintain this standard in the
real world is costing us dearly. It's pure biology.
The calf's system, especially its gut, is just
so sensitive to any sudden changes, any variation
in temperature, timing, feed concentration. It
requires the calf to burn precious metabolic
energy just to stabilize itself. Energy that
should be going to growth. It's an energy tax,
a hidden tax you pay every time things aren't
consistent. That energy should be going to growth,
and instead it's going to recovery from shock.
And the data point on milk temperature shock
is, it's absolutely stunning. Research from Virginia
Tech and other groups shows that milk temperature
variation between 88 and 122 degrees Fahrenheit.
Which they specifically call a common everyday
range. Right. Not some extreme case. A common
range within a single facility from the start
of feeding to the last calf in the line. That
swing causes a massive increase in health issues.
Not just a little bit either. It causes 40 to
65 percent more nutritional scours. 40 to 65
percent. So more labor, more medicine, slower
recovery. And then there's the growth impact.
That same temperature swing, just the variation
itself also causes 0 .25 to 0 .33 pounds slower
average daily growth. A quarter to a third of
a pound lost. every single day. That's because
the milk isn't consistently warm enough or maybe
it's too hot when it hits the calf. And you know,
I can just hear the farmer listening right now
saying, hold on, I'm a busy guy. I mix my milk
perfectly at 105 degrees in the batch tank. Of
course. But if it takes me 20 minutes to get
down the row, are you telling me that even a
small quick dip in temperature from my feeder
to that last calf pen is costing me real weight?
If the last calf gets it in 95 degrees instead
of 105, I'm paying for that. And the answer is
yes. That's the beauty and the brutality of the
biology. Yes, you are paying for that logistical
cool down. The ideal, highly specific range they
recommend is 102 to 105 degrees Fahrenheit. A
tiny window. It's a three degree window. And
the sources argue this is the gold standard because
it aligns perfectly with the calf's natural body
temperature. Anything outside that narrow range
is interpreted by the calf's body as a biological
shock. And there's that energy tax again. diverting
energy away from growth and just into maintenance.
So back to the solution. Yeah. The sources are
insistent. The foundation of consistency starts
with the $12 digital thermometer. The non -negotiable
tool. Absolutely. If you are not measuring the
temperature at the point of delivery, literally
the temperature of the milk in the bottle right
before the cap starts drinking, you are flying
blind and you are accepting those losses. I get
the skepticism because it sounds just, it sounds
too simple to be true. But the research insists
consistency is not a suggestion. It's a biological
requirement that leads directly to that goal
of 2 .6 pounds of ADG. And it connects directly
back to that idea of predictable, stress -free
growth. It does. If the calf gets milk at 105
degrees every morning at 7 a .m. and every night
at 7 p .m., its system just anticipates that
intake and uses the energy efficiently. But if
that temperature is bouncing around 15 or 20
degrees, the calf's internal machinery is spending
resources just stabilizing its body temperature
and its digestion. Resources that should have
gone toward adding frame and muscle. All right.
Let's move to the first major critical window,
immunity. Days 0 to 3. This is where we need
to aggressively bust the myth that just looking
at it is enough. The common dangerous assumption.
If colostrum looks thick and golden, it is high
quality. And this is where that NAHMS data just
completely demolishes that conventional wisdom.
It really does. Remember, producers thought they
only had an 8 % failure rate. The reality, when
the samples were actually scientifically tested,
was that 29 % were below minimum quality thresholds.
You cannot eyeball this. You absolutely cannot.
The variability between cows, it's enormous.
You can have colostrum with less than 50 grams
per liter of IgG and some with well over 150,
and they can look visually very, very similar.
So we need precision. What is the standard for
success in this immunity window? The sources
are incredibly specific about the BRICS benchmark
and the timing. And this has to be treated like
a mandatory protocol. The aim is a BRICS reading
of 24 % or higher. 24? Yeah. The sources say
22 % is good, but 24 % is the target if you want
to ensure that calf gets the gold standard minimum
of 200 plus grams of total IgG. Anything below
18%. Discard it. Discard it. Or at least don't
use it as the first meal. Replace it with a high
-quality colostrum supplement or a frozen product
that you know is good. And the timing is so key.
Why does it have to happen so fast? It's the
non -negotiable biology of the gut. That colostrum,
we're talking four quarts, or about 8 .5 to 10
% of the calf's body weight, has to be delivered
within two hours of birth, ideally. Because the
gut lining starts to close down. It closes down
rapidly. Its ability to absorb those large IgG
antibody molecules, it just, it plummets. Missing
that two -hour window by even a little bit severely
compromises the absorption rate. So you can feed
great colostrum, but the calf just doesn't get
the protection. And the tool focus here, again,
is so simple. The $30 Bricks Refractometer, this
is the absolute gatekeeper. It is. It prevents
all those cascading health failures later on.
If a calf fails to achieve passive immune transfer
right here, its overall health and ability to
gain weight are permanently compromised. Because
all its energy is spent fighting off environmental
pathogens. It truly is the highest ROI investment
you can make. If a calf has failure of passive
transfer, it is fighting uphill for the entire
120 days. It's sicker, needs more treatment,
converts feed less efficiently. That $30 tool
ensures that the foundation of the entire program
immunity is solid. But the discussion on these
first three days doesn't end with colostrum.
The sources really emphasize the critical role
of free choice, clean water, starting from day
three. This is a point that, frankly, is a hard
-stop rule that farmers sometimes ignore, especially
in colder climates. Everyone assumes the milk
is enough. They do. But water and milk function
entirely differently in the calf's gut, and this
is absolutely crucial for rumen development.
Okay, so explain that physiological difference.
Why does milk bypass the rumen and water doesn't?
When a calf drinks milk, a signal causes the
esophageal groove to cleanse up. It forms a channel.
And that directs the milk straight past the undeveloped
rumen, through the omosum, and right into the
abomasum for digestion. Like a monogastric stomach.
Exactly. It's to prevent that milk from fermenting
in the rumen, which would cause scours. Right.
But drinking water. Drinking water goes straight
into the rumen. And why is that so essential
from day three onwards? Because that water is
what supports the bacterial establishment, the
fermentation. You can't start developing that
rumen, that massive digestive engine that will
run the rest of the cow's life without a hydrated
environment for the microbes to flourish. No
water, weak fermentation. And that translates
directly to slow rumen growth and a delayed transition
later on. You are deliberately holding back the
calf's lifelong digestive capacity if you withhold
clean, fresh water because you think the milk
is enough. Let's talk dollars and cents. The
economics of this consistency -based approach
are, well, they're impossible to ignore. We established
the mandatory investment, $42 for the refractometer
and the thermometer. So let's break down the
return. When you hit these precision targets,
the measurable returns are staggering. First,
health. You see a reduction in pre -weaning morbidity
from about 22 % down to 9%. That's fewer sick
calves, which means dramatically fewer vet bills,
less time with syringes, less risk of losing
the animal. Then you've got growth. You're talking
26 kilograms or 57 pounds heavier at weaning.
Okay, so how does 57 extra pounds translate directly
into dollars? That's where you connect the dots.
If that calf is a replacement heifer, hitting
weight targets 57 pounds heavier means you drastically
cut the days needed to reach breeding weight.
So she calves sooner, gets into the milking string
sooner. Exactly. The sources suggest this accelerated
growth saves between $30 and $50 per heifer in
rearing costs just by reducing the days on expensive
feed before she starts making you money. And
on the beef side, that 57 pounds is compounded,
right? Absolutely. For the dairy beef crossover,
a heavier start means faster passage through
the feedlot. But the real money is in the quality
grade. By optimizing that early growth and avoiding
slumps, we see a documented 20 percentage point
improvement in choice grading at harvest. 20
percentage points. You do the math on the premium
for choice over select, and you're looking at
$100 plus per calf in additional value at harvest.
Okay, I have to challenge this a bit. I'm not
totally buying the simplicity. Isn't this kind
of precision consistency extremely labor intensive?
I mean, checking every single bottle's temp,
measuring every colostrum batch, ensuring continuous
fresh water. But labor cost of that has to eat
into the $100 return, doesn't it? That is the
core question. And it really challenges the common
narrative that you have to minimize labor at
all costs. The sources counter this by arguing
that the labor cost of precision is negligible
compared to the labor cost of sickness. That's
a great way to put it. Think about the hours
spent treating pneumonia, dealing with scours,
tubing a calf that needs repeated antibiotics.
The labor saved by reducing morbidity often dwarfs
the extra time spent managing for consistency.
So it's preventative labor that removes expensive
reactive labor. Exactly. And you connect those
lifetime consequences. Missing those critical
windows doesn't just reduce efficiency for a
little while. It costs 500 kilograms of lifetime
milk. The sources are clear. This creates...
permanent deficits that no feeding program can
fix. It's a sunk cost, money you can never get
back because the biological window for that foundational
development has permanently closed. The investment
in precision, in testing, in consistency, it
pays exponential dividends by ensuring the calf
can actually realize its full genetic blueprint
rather than just recovering from preventable
setbacks. Okay, so once we've secured immunity
and thermal consistency, we move into that second
critical phase, rim and development. Roughly
days 3 to 21. This is where the rumen is waking
up. And the source material is very clear. We
need to shift from maintenance feeding to performance
programming. And that stimulation is entirely
dependent on starter intake. You need those rumen
microbes to get to work fermenting starch. When
they do, they produce folate or fatty acids,
or VFAs. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate. And
butyrate is the key player here. It's the one
we really need to focus on. Okay, so how exactly
does butyrate function compared to the others?
We need to move past just saying it fuels growth.
Well, what's fascinating is the chemistry. Acetate
and propionate are mostly absorbed and used for
energy or fat synthesis in the rest of the body.
Butyrate, though, is a powerful signaling molecule.
A signal. When butyrate hits the cells of the
room and wall, it causes them to rapidly differentiate
and grow. It's the direct signal that fuels the
growth of the papilla. Papilla being those tiny
finger -like structures that line the rumen.
Exactly. They are the structures that absorb
energy later in life. They create the surface
area. So if you stunt this papilla growth early
by feeding a poor starter or having inconsistent
intake, you limit the animal's anatomical capacity
to absorb nutrients efficiently for the rest
of its life. So you're setting the physical structure
for lifelong digestive capacity. That's what
Dr. Jed Heinrich's work emphasizes. If the surface
area isn't there, you can dump the best TMR in
the world into that cow later, but she won't
be able to absorb it efficiently. Let's talk
nutritional detail for this starter phase. What
are we looking for on the feed tag? The requirements
are specific. 20 to 23 % perjufing, crude protein,
3 to 5 % fat, and 6 to 8 % fiber. But the research
points out that for maximum butyrate production,
not all starches are created equal. You see superior
energy density and crucially higher fermentability
from corn -based starters, specifically processed
corn like steam flaked or coarsely ground corn.
That outperforms less fermentable grains like
barley or oats. That is a practical insight that
matters hugely on a dollar level. If you're buying
a cheaper oat or barley starter because it seems
like a good deal. You might be saving money up
front, but hindering the butyrate production
you need for future efficiency. You're trading
short -term cost savings for long -term functional
impairment. And the feed needs to be palatable.
Highly palatable, easily fermentable, and have
a uniform texture to prevent sorting. Because
sorting also leads to inconsistent VFA production.
And consistency here means feed management. Dusty,
stale, or moldy starter is an immediate turnoff
that slows intake and shuts down that room and
development engine. Now we come to what the sources
call the most common and costly mistake in the
entire 120 -day window. The weaning mistake.
The focus has to be on weaning by intake, not
by the calendar. Not just because they're eight
weeks old. This is a hard stop rule. The goal
isn't just to hit eight weeks. The absolute trigger
point is three pounds of starter consumed per
day for three consecutive days. Three pounds
for three days. That level of intake proves the
rumen is functioning as a stable primary digestive
system. It's not just a sideline accessory being
subsidized by milk anymore. The science of stress
around premature weaning is, it's truly shocking.
Dr. Emily Miller Cushon's data found that forcing
the issue pulling milk abruptly before the calf
meets that three -pound threshold leads to a
massive 180 to 280 % increase in markers of muscle
breakdown. Think about that. The calf is literally
catabolizing its own muscle tissue. It's eating
its own fat reserves just to survive the energy
deficit because the rumen isn't ready to take
over yet. And that translates into that severe
growth slump, the post -weaning lag. A lag that
can take weeks to recover from. contributes directly
to those permanent deficits we keep talking about.
So what's the mandatory stress -reducing weaning
protocol? We can't just flip a switch on day
56. No, you need a gradual taper. Reduce the
milk volume or concentration over a mandatory
period of five to seven days. And here is a huge
consistency point that so many people miss. You
must keep the same starter ration during that
taper and for 10 to 14 days post -wean. Don't
change everything at once. It's listed as one
of the four biggest mistakes. Changing the feed
and pulling the milk in the same week is a recipe
for compounding stress, confusion, and failure.
Keep the environment stable and the feed familiar
while you remove the milk. Okay, so we've secured
immunity. We've developed the rumen engine. Now
let's talk about the final payoff window, especially
for maximizing value in that dairy beef market.
We hit the third critical window. Day 70 to 120.
The marbling window. The critical window for
marbling adipocyte formation. This phase, when
the calf is fully weaned and on solid feed, is
where strategic feeding transitions from just
supporting immediate health to programming ultimate
carcass quality. Marbling adipocytes are the
fat cells that develop inside the muscle. They
determine the quality grade, prime, choice, select.
So why is this 50 -day window so unique? Can't
we just feed them heavy later in the feedlot
to make up for it? This is the science of the
permanent deficit again. Research shows this
period is the hyperplastic phase of fat growth.
Hyperplastic. It means the calf is creating new
fat cells, new adipocytes. Later in life, they
enter the hypertrophic phase, where existing
cells just get bigger. So if nutrition is inadequate
during this early grower phase, those cells simply
don't form. And no amount of feeding later can
create new ones. You can't. You've missed the
window. If that structural formation is missed,
if we're only focused on maintaining frame and
not hitting those high ADG targets, you face
a permanent reduction of 16 .2 percentage points
in choice grading at harvest. That's irreversible,
an anatomical constraint locked in before five
months of age. Absolutely. So to get that high
value carcass, we have to maximize energy and
growth during this. specific 70 to 120 day period.
So the focus changes once the calf is a fully
functional ruminant. What are the management
points and targets now to maintain that momentum?
We have to maintain that aggressive growth, that
ADG target of 2 .4 to 2 .6 pounds per day. The
grower ration needs to be focused on density
and digestible fiber, so 15 to 17 percent crude
protein, around 12 to 15 percent NDF from highly
digestible sources. And consistency here means
daily feed management. maintaining feed freshness,
ensuring uniform texture to prevent sorting,
and consistently clean bunks day in, day out.
I appreciate that the sources included regional
reality checks because maintaining 2 .6 pounds
ADG in a North Dakota winter is a very different
challenge than in an Arizona summer. Oh, completely.
Climate adds exponential complexity. Let's start
with the Northeast, dealing with below zero temperatures.
Not only do they need insulated transport and
pre -warmed equipment to maintain that 102 to
105 degree milk. That $12 thermometer is crucial
there to check the temp after it's been exposed
to the elements. Right. But they also face the
cold stress energy penalty. At below zero temperatures,
the calf burns a tremendous amount of energy
just staying warm. How much? The sources say
a calf in severe cold can require 20 to 30 percent
more milk solids or fat just to meet maintenance
needs. That's before any energy can go toward
growth. If you don't adjust to the ration, you
are essentially starving the growth budget. And
if you're in the southwest, dealing with 100
plus degree heat. Then you need aggressive cooling
systems, shades. You have to manage heat stress.
Heat stress causes scours, it reduces appetite,
and it slows down the room development. Consistency
there means managing the ambient temperature
and making sure fresh water is always cool. And
the southeast has the added complication of humidity.
Humidity creates profound challenges for feed
stability. You have to manage ventilation aggressively,
and you often need to replace starter much more
frequently because it can go stale or moldy so
much faster. Consistency and quality means feeding
fresh, palatable, safe feed. every single day.
Okay, let's address the persistent industry mindset
that conflicts directly with all this precision
data, the get -them -off -milk -quick philosophy.
The argument is simple, right? Milk replacer
is expensive, so save on milk, make more money.
I'm not buying it. And the data backs me up completely.
That old wisdom is challenged by the consequences
we just laid out. Forcing weaning and changing
the ration simultaneously, all to save a few
dollars. It's a recipe for catastrophic failure.
A false economy. Absolutely. You might save $5
in milk cost, but you pay exponentially in recovery
time, severe growth slumps, reduced lifetime
performance, and the permanent loss of those
500 kilograms of milk or that 16 % of choice
grade. You're prioritizing short -term milk savings
over the calf's long -term biological capacity
and overall profitability. And practically speaking,
consistency isn't just about temperature and
timing. It's about the feed itself. You have
to be diligent. Check manure consistency daily.
It's the single best indicator of how the rumen
is operating. Is the starter dusty? Is it uniform?
Calves will sort non -uniform feed, leading to
inconsistent starch intake, which means inconsistent
VFA production, and then you get a digestive
upset. So if performance stalls, if that ADG
drops off, the sources give a mandatory checklist
before you even think about changing the ration.
That's right. If gains stall, you must check
water cleanliness, airflow, bedding depth, and
space. Check those things first. The basics.
The basics are usually the failure point, not
the nutritional content of the feed. If they're
cold or wet or stressed by overcrowding, they're
not converting feed to gain. They're just burning
energy to survive. Let's review the key mistakes
one last time because they are so fundamental.
These are the four failures that cost farmers
$100 plus per calf. The four biggest mistakes
are 1. Weaning by age instead of intake. That
3 pounds for 3 days rule is paramount. 2. Changing
feed and pulling milk in the same week. That
compounding stress. Three, letting water get
dirty or letting it freeze in the winter. And
four, feeding dusty, stale, or inconsistent starter.
Avoid those four pitfalls and you've already
won the biggest battles. All right, let's bring
this home. Farmer just finished morning milking.
They're driving to the feed store thinking about
their calf protocol. Based on this deep dive,
what are the three things they need to know and
implement? We need to turn this knowledge into
immediate, measurable action. So let's start
with immediate action. What is the $42 fix that
needs to happen this week? Go by the tools, the
$30 Bricks refractometer and the $12 thermometer.
Then use that refractometer to test all your
current colostrum inventory. Aim for 24 % or
higher. And critically, check your milk temperature
at the next two feedings against that 102 to
105 degree standard at the point of delivery.
An immediate diagnostic check. Exactly. Find
out where you are currently leaking performance.
Excellent. Now, medium -term strategy. What formalized
changes should be put in place in the next three
to six months to secure that room and window?
You need to formalize a weaning protocol based
strictly on intake, not age. That means three
pounds of starter per day for three consecutive
days is the mandatory trigger. No exceptions,
whether the calf is eight weeks or ten weeks
old. And ensure that clean, fresh, free -choice
water is provided to every calf from day three
forward. Treat it as importantly as the milk.
And finally, long -term positioning. What strategic
change sets the operation up for success over
the next one to two years to maximize that lifetime
value? You need to integrate this 70 to 120 -day
marbling window into your overall management
plan. This means making sure your grower rations
in that critical phase, 15 % to 17 % CP, 12 %
to 15 % NDF, are consistently meeting those high
growth targets of 2 .4 to 2 .6 pounds per day.
Locking in that value. It maximizes the formation
of those marbling adipocytes or the optimal frame
development for future lactation. It locks in
that superior value for the life of the animal.
It transforms calf roaring from a cost center
into actual profit programming. That's a great
way to end it. The final thought here. Above
all else is that predictability leads to profit.
The science is overwhelming. Consistency in the
first 120 days is not optional. It is the fundamental
biology required for the calf to realize its
genetic potential. Embrace these simple changes,
that $42 investment, and you will see significant
value realized across your herd because you are
building a structure that lasts a lifetime. If
this kind of analysis helps your operation, head
to www .thebullvine .com for more articles that
tell you what's really happening in dairy. And
seriously, subscribe wherever you get your podcasts.
We're releasing these deep digs twice weekly
now, giving you this kind of detailed analysis
regularly. You don't want to miss what we've
got coming next week. The surprising discussion
about the often overlooked impact of mineral
sourcing on adult cow fertility and how trace
element quality is defining your calving interval.
We'll see you next time.