WEBVTT 00:00:10.220 --> 00:00:14.039 Creeping across the pasture land. Got dirt on 00:00:14.039 --> 00:00:18.719 the boots and a working hand. From the milk house 00:00:18.719 --> 00:00:24.000 home to the auction call. These are the folks 00:00:24.000 --> 00:01:03.009 standing strong and tall. Yeah, this is... Welcome 00:01:03.009 --> 00:01:05.230 back to the Bullvine Podcast, where we cut through 00:01:05.230 --> 00:01:07.629 dairy industry noise to get you the insights 00:01:07.629 --> 00:01:10.629 that actually matter. You do indeed. And today 00:01:10.629 --> 00:01:12.290 we're doing something a bit special. We are. 00:01:12.370 --> 00:01:14.969 We're diving deep into the story of Charlie Will. 00:01:15.129 --> 00:01:18.109 I mean, the guy Select Sires rejected back in 00:01:18.109 --> 00:01:21.989 1974, who just just now won the industry's highest 00:01:21.989 --> 00:01:26.689 honor, the NAAB Pioneer Award for 2025. I read 00:01:26.689 --> 00:01:28.489 this article. I actually had to check twice that 00:01:28.489 --> 00:01:31.890 this was real. It's just. Wow. It is real. And 00:01:31.890 --> 00:01:33.989 here's the kicker for everyone listening. His 00:01:33.989 --> 00:01:36.250 bulls, they haven't just influenced pedigrees. 00:01:36.250 --> 00:01:39.010 They've basically shaped almost every Holstein 00:01:39.010 --> 00:01:40.930 pedigree on the planet. Yeah, no kidding. We're 00:01:40.930 --> 00:01:44.489 talking Black Star, Oman, Durham. These are names 00:01:44.489 --> 00:01:47.439 every single dairy farmer knows. legendary stuff 00:01:47.439 --> 00:01:50.099 it's the ultimate i told you so really a genetic 00:01:50.099 --> 00:01:52.120 empire built by the guy they said wasn't good 00:01:52.120 --> 00:01:55.120 enough exactly so our mission today is to really 00:01:55.120 --> 00:01:57.560 unpack the sources we've got the full profile 00:01:57.560 --> 00:02:00.280 the history even some internal company records 00:02:00.280 --> 00:02:03.000 apparently detailing how one rejection letter 00:02:03.000 --> 00:02:05.799 just one no thanks somehow led to the biggest 00:02:05.799 --> 00:02:07.680 genetic revolution the dairy industry has ever 00:02:07.680 --> 00:02:10.300 seen How did he do it? How do you sneak in the 00:02:10.300 --> 00:02:12.800 back door, survive, what was it, a decade of 00:02:12.800 --> 00:02:15.039 being watched, and then just completely change 00:02:15.039 --> 00:02:17.800 how we breed cows? That's the story. Hashtag 00:02:17.800 --> 00:02:20.340 tag, tag, tag. I rejection that launched a revolution. 00:02:20.719 --> 00:02:23.319 The backdoor strategy. Okay, let's set the scene. 00:02:23.439 --> 00:02:26.979 It's spring, 1974. Charlie Will, he's just graduated 00:02:26.979 --> 00:02:28.740 from the University of Illinois Dairy Science 00:02:28.740 --> 00:02:31.680 degree in hand. He's ready to go. Yeah, eager. 00:02:31.960 --> 00:02:34.419 Full of ideas, probably. Absolutely. And think 00:02:34.419 --> 00:02:37.139 about the time, right? Nixon's dealing with Watergate 00:02:37.139 --> 00:02:40.219 gas is maybe 55 cents a gallon. Yeah. It's a 00:02:40.219 --> 00:02:43.460 different world. And the AI industry. Yeah. Dominated 00:02:43.460 --> 00:02:46.199 by just a few big players. Right. And he didn't 00:02:46.199 --> 00:02:48.560 just apply to select sires. The sources are clear. 00:02:48.580 --> 00:02:51.580 He sent resumes to every major AI stud in North 00:02:51.580 --> 00:02:53.360 America. He put himself out there everywhere. 00:02:53.620 --> 00:02:55.900 And the response from select sires, the biggest 00:02:55.900 --> 00:02:58.819 one, a flat thanks, but no thanks. No openings 00:02:58.819 --> 00:03:00.719 in the sire department. A form letter, basically. 00:03:00.719 --> 00:03:02.840 Can you imagine getting that? From everyone. 00:03:02.900 --> 00:03:04.919 Every single place he tried slammed the door. 00:03:05.020 --> 00:03:07.300 Not one opening, apparently, for this bright 00:03:07.300 --> 00:03:09.639 kid who'd focused his whole education on this 00:03:09.639 --> 00:03:12.120 exact thing. It really says something, doesn't 00:03:12.120 --> 00:03:14.319 it? About maybe how closed off the industry could 00:03:14.319 --> 00:03:16.800 be back then. Perhaps looking for, I don't know, 00:03:16.840 --> 00:03:19.479 certain connections or just sticking to what 00:03:19.479 --> 00:03:21.840 they knew. Well, and what gets me is his background. 00:03:22.099 --> 00:03:24.580 This wasn't just some academic, right? He grew 00:03:24.580 --> 00:03:27.240 up on a commercial Holstein farm. Southern Illinois. 00:03:27.960 --> 00:03:30.919 Twice a day milkings. He knew cattle the old 00:03:30.919 --> 00:03:34.229 school way. He lived it. He knew the smell of 00:03:34.229 --> 00:03:37.270 the barn, the feel of it, knew what silage and 00:03:37.270 --> 00:03:39.629 sawdust and manure actually meant for managing 00:03:39.629 --> 00:03:42.870 cows. That's crucial for a sire analyst, isn't 00:03:42.870 --> 00:03:45.330 it? You need that practical grounding. You absolutely 00:03:45.330 --> 00:03:47.530 do. It's not just numbers on a page. He understood 00:03:47.530 --> 00:03:49.830 what a cow actually needed to function day to 00:03:49.830 --> 00:03:52.960 day. And he had the academic chops, too. He studied 00:03:52.960 --> 00:03:55.300 genetics at Walkway Farms, even made the U of 00:03:55.300 --> 00:03:57.860 I dairy judging team, which is, you know, pretty 00:03:57.860 --> 00:03:59.919 competitive. He had the eye and the book smarts. 00:03:59.919 --> 00:04:02.419 He had both, but still, nothing. Just another 00:04:02.419 --> 00:04:04.620 resume in the pile. It's kind of painful, really. 00:04:04.960 --> 00:04:06.759 Makes you wonder how much talent gets missed 00:04:06.759 --> 00:04:09.520 when companies are too rigid, you know. Sticking 00:04:09.520 --> 00:04:12.439 to the same old hiring boxes. Oh, for sure. Most 00:04:12.439 --> 00:04:15.000 people facing that wall of no would have just 00:04:15.000 --> 00:04:18.310 pivoted. gone into feed sales maybe, or taken 00:04:18.310 --> 00:04:20.550 a different path entirely. Charlie Will could 00:04:20.550 --> 00:04:23.350 have just been a footnote. But he didn't. This 00:04:23.350 --> 00:04:25.910 is where it gets clever. He starts scanning the 00:04:25.910 --> 00:04:29.850 classifies in Hordes Derriman, you know, the 00:04:29.850 --> 00:04:31.629 tiny print in the back. Yeah, the ones you almost 00:04:31.629 --> 00:04:34.170 need a magnifying glass for. Exactly. And he 00:04:34.170 --> 00:04:38.430 spots this little ad, a sales rep job. MABC, 00:04:38.589 --> 00:04:41.670 Michigan Animal Breeders Cooperative. It was 00:04:41.670 --> 00:04:45.370 a select sires member co -op out in western Indiana. 00:04:45.610 --> 00:04:47.730 So not the dream sire department job, not even 00:04:47.730 --> 00:04:49.930 quite. But it was connected, a foot in the door. 00:04:50.050 --> 00:04:52.649 And critically, it put him right there on the 00:04:52.649 --> 00:04:55.250 front lines, talking to farmers day in, day out. 00:04:55.370 --> 00:04:57.490 He didn't waste it. Two years grinding it out 00:04:57.490 --> 00:04:59.589 as a sales rep. Yeah. Learning what farmers were 00:04:59.589 --> 00:05:02.250 really dealing with. And then MABC moves him. 00:05:02.519 --> 00:05:05.620 Up to Wisconsin, Green Bay area, real dairy country, 00:05:05.860 --> 00:05:08.180 tough conditions, tough farmers. That's a proving 00:05:08.180 --> 00:05:10.579 ground. For sure. And his job wasn't just sales 00:05:10.579 --> 00:05:12.920 anymore. He was opening new territory and he 00:05:12.920 --> 00:05:15.220 was an SMS evaluator. Okay, let's break that 00:05:15.220 --> 00:05:18.579 down. SMS sire meeting service. What does that 00:05:18.579 --> 00:05:21.100 actually mean for him day to day? It means he's 00:05:21.100 --> 00:05:23.379 not in an office. He's out there farm to farm, 00:05:23.500 --> 00:05:25.839 physically measuring cows, looking at their traits, 00:05:26.100 --> 00:05:29.579 you know, stature, strength, utter depth, feet 00:05:29.579 --> 00:05:31.879 and legs, all of it. And then deciding which 00:05:31.879 --> 00:05:34.740 select sire's bull would be the best fit to improve 00:05:34.740 --> 00:05:38.180 that specific cow's weaknesses. Precisely. So 00:05:38.180 --> 00:05:40.680 he's not just pushing semen, he's doing applied 00:05:40.680 --> 00:05:43.740 genetics. Hundreds of times, on hundreds of farms. 00:05:43.819 --> 00:05:46.300 He's building this massive practical database 00:05:46.300 --> 00:05:48.579 in his head about what actually works in the 00:05:48.579 --> 00:05:51.100 real world. Way beyond what any analyst stuck 00:05:51.100 --> 00:05:53.660 behind a desk could learn. He's building relationships 00:05:53.660 --> 00:05:56.680 too, building a reputation. In Wisconsin, no 00:05:56.680 --> 00:05:58.779 less. You earn respect there. You definitely 00:05:58.779 --> 00:06:01.720 do. So after four years of that four years proving 00:06:01.720 --> 00:06:04.040 himself in the trenches, Ward finally gets back 00:06:04.040 --> 00:06:07.000 to the main office in Plain City, Ohio. A sire 00:06:07.000 --> 00:06:11.040 analyst job opens up. 1978. And this time he 00:06:11.040 --> 00:06:12.899 gets it. But Jake, listen to this. The guy who 00:06:12.899 --> 00:06:15.199 hired him, Dick Chester, apparently called hiring 00:06:15.199 --> 00:06:17.939 Charlie a risk. A risk after four years in the 00:06:17.939 --> 00:06:21.120 system proving himself. Wow. Yeah. The rejected 00:06:21.120 --> 00:06:23.560 kid, the one who came in the side door, he had 00:06:23.560 --> 00:06:26.319 to grind for four years just to get the job they 00:06:26.319 --> 00:06:28.839 initially denied him. He was finally inside HQ, 00:06:29.060 --> 00:06:32.480 but, well, the fight wasn't over. Not by a long 00:06:32.480 --> 00:06:34.620 shot. He basically snuck in, like you said, and 00:06:34.620 --> 00:06:36.579 was maybe on track to be a legend. But, yeah, 00:06:36.639 --> 00:06:38.360 sounds like management was still keeping a very 00:06:38.360 --> 00:06:41.399 close eye on him. Hashtag, hashtag two, the 10 00:06:41.399 --> 00:06:43.019 -year probation and the Black Star breakthrough. 00:06:43.319 --> 00:06:47.240 Okay, so he's in. And his initial success, pretty 00:06:47.240 --> 00:06:50.389 much immediate. His very first pick as an analyst 00:06:50.389 --> 00:06:54.589 was walkway chief Market. He knew the walkway 00:06:54.589 --> 00:06:56.730 herd from his hometown network. Right, leveraging 00:06:56.730 --> 00:06:59.089 those connections he built. Exactly. And Mark 00:06:59.089 --> 00:07:01.730 worked. Good daughters, but maybe more importantly, 00:07:01.870 --> 00:07:04.370 really exceptional brood cows, the kind that 00:07:04.370 --> 00:07:07.069 build cow families. He clearly had the eye. And 00:07:07.069 --> 00:07:08.730 he was smart. He didn't just rely on his own 00:07:08.730 --> 00:07:10.990 knowledge. He soaked things up from the veterans 00:07:10.990 --> 00:07:13.410 there. Guys like Ron Long Charlie call him one 00:07:13.410 --> 00:07:15.589 of the greatest cowmen he ever met. And George 00:07:15.589 --> 00:07:17.790 Miller, the marketing director. Ah, George Miller. 00:07:18.389 --> 00:07:20.750 His philosophy seems key here. What was it again? 00:07:21.029 --> 00:07:24.529 It was simple, but powerful. Genetics isn't about 00:07:24.529 --> 00:07:27.449 looking pretty in a catalog. It's about solving 00:07:27.449 --> 00:07:30.550 problems for farmers, period. That's it. That 00:07:30.550 --> 00:07:32.850 focus on the customer, the guy milking the cows, 00:07:32.930 --> 00:07:35.430 that seems to become Charlie's guiding principle 00:07:35.430 --> 00:07:37.709 for everything that followed. It should be taped 00:07:37.709 --> 00:07:39.790 to every breeder's wall, honestly. Absolutely. 00:07:40.029 --> 00:07:42.939 Solve the farmer's problem first. You see this 00:07:42.939 --> 00:07:45.120 early success with Mark. You see him learning 00:07:45.120 --> 00:07:47.379 from the best, absorbing this customer first 00:07:47.379 --> 00:07:50.120 philosophy. You'd think, OK, he's made it. He's 00:07:50.120 --> 00:07:52.920 fully accepted now. You would think. And yet. 00:07:53.060 --> 00:07:56.240 Yeah. This is where the story just floors me. 00:07:56.279 --> 00:07:59.300 You mentioned it earlier, but the internal records, 00:07:59.500 --> 00:08:02.439 they show something else entirely. Yeah. This 00:08:02.439 --> 00:08:04.079 is the bombshell part I had to read like three 00:08:04.079 --> 00:08:07.100 times in the profile. After hiring him in 1978, 00:08:07.459 --> 00:08:10.500 they put Charlie Will on probation. For 10 years. 00:08:10.720 --> 00:08:12.800 Stop right there. Do you just say 10 years? A 00:08:12.800 --> 00:08:15.339 full decade? Years. You're telling me after he 00:08:15.339 --> 00:08:17.459 got in, after four years proving himself in the 00:08:17.459 --> 00:08:20.399 field, after making a great first pick with their 00:08:20.399 --> 00:08:23.019 mark, they still didn't trust him. What was that 00:08:23.019 --> 00:08:25.100 about? Was that normal back then or was this 00:08:25.100 --> 00:08:28.019 personal? Specific to him. It sounds like institutional 00:08:28.019 --> 00:08:30.579 resistance, maybe caution. I don't know if it 00:08:30.579 --> 00:08:32.360 was personal, but it was definitely about him 00:08:32.360 --> 00:08:36.970 being the backdoor hire. 10 years is just. It's 00:08:36.970 --> 00:08:39.330 an eternity in any job, right? Especially in 00:08:39.330 --> 00:08:42.549 sire selection where one bad bet can cost millions. 00:08:42.850 --> 00:08:46.429 They were watching him every move for a decade. 00:08:46.490 --> 00:08:48.409 Waiting to see if he was for real. If that early 00:08:48.409 --> 00:08:51.350 success was just luck. Pretty much. Could he 00:08:51.350 --> 00:08:53.250 deliver consistently? Could he handle the pressure 00:08:53.250 --> 00:08:55.870 long term? They needed proof. Apparently a lot 00:08:55.870 --> 00:08:57.730 of proof. The pressure must have been unbelievable. 00:08:58.169 --> 00:09:01.820 Every single bull he picked. For 10 years. Knowing 00:09:01.820 --> 00:09:04.340 that if it failed, it could confirm all their 00:09:04.340 --> 00:09:07.200 doubts, justify that initial rejection. Wow. 00:09:07.360 --> 00:09:09.720 It makes the breakthrough when it finally came 00:09:09.720 --> 00:09:12.480 even more incredible. So fast forward, spring 00:09:12.480 --> 00:09:17.090 1988. Ten years into this probation, this is 00:09:17.090 --> 00:09:19.009 the moment. Picture the scene, right? The genetics 00:09:19.009 --> 00:09:20.830 department in Plain City. Everyone huddled around 00:09:20.830 --> 00:09:22.809 those old dot matrix printers. Remember those 00:09:22.809 --> 00:09:25.850 things? Loud, clunky. Oh, yeah, like angry typewriters 00:09:25.850 --> 00:09:28.009 hammering out the future. They're waiting for 00:09:28.009 --> 00:09:30.029 the new proofs. And there's one bull everyone's 00:09:30.029 --> 00:09:31.730 watching, the one Charlie really went to bat 00:09:31.730 --> 00:09:35.269 for. Tumar Blackstar. This was make or break. 00:09:35.649 --> 00:09:40.149 If Blackstar bombed after ten years, well, the 00:09:40.149 --> 00:09:41.809 risk they took on him would look like a failure. 00:09:42.190 --> 00:09:44.529 But Blackstar didn't bomb. He didn't just succeed. 00:09:44.629 --> 00:09:48.049 He absolutely exploded. The numbers came out 00:09:48.049 --> 00:09:50.649 and bam, instantly at the top. Domestic proofs, 00:09:50.669 --> 00:09:53.149 international proofs. He was the bull. The king. 00:09:53.409 --> 00:09:55.370 And what's really interesting is what kind of 00:09:55.370 --> 00:09:57.649 bull he was. He wasn't necessarily fitting the 00:09:57.649 --> 00:10:00.379 mold of what was trendy then, was he? Not at 00:10:00.379 --> 00:10:02.639 all. In the late 80s, there was still this push 00:10:02.639 --> 00:10:05.600 for taller, sharper, more dairy cows. You know, 00:10:05.679 --> 00:10:07.940 the skyscraper cows that looked amazing walking 00:10:07.940 --> 00:10:10.000 across the tan bark. But maybe he didn't hold 00:10:10.000 --> 00:10:12.340 up so well in the freestalls. Exactly. Black 00:10:12.340 --> 00:10:14.080 Star was kind of the opposite. He wasn't extreme. 00:10:14.139 --> 00:10:18.080 He was built like a tank, a freight train. Wide 00:10:18.080 --> 00:10:20.879 chest, deep body, powerful legs, just screaming 00:10:20.879 --> 00:10:22.899 strength and durability. Functional strength. 00:10:23.179 --> 00:10:25.399 The kind that keeps cows in the herd paying the 00:10:25.399 --> 00:10:28.220 bills. Deep chest for heart and lungs. Strong 00:10:28.220 --> 00:10:31.379 legs to carry a heavy udder. Stuff farmers actually 00:10:31.379 --> 00:10:34.419 needed. That's it. And the industry recognized 00:10:34.419 --> 00:10:38.100 it instantly. Every AI stud everywhere suddenly 00:10:38.100 --> 00:10:41.000 wanted Black Star Sons. He didn't just hit. He 00:10:41.000 --> 00:10:43.460 reset the standard for what a profitable, reliable 00:10:43.460 --> 00:10:45.500 bull looked like. And that was finally enough. 00:10:45.779 --> 00:10:48.980 After 10 years. Apparently so. The story goes, 00:10:49.240 --> 00:10:51.860 at the very next Kroof meeting, Dick Chichester 00:10:51.860 --> 00:10:54.649 stands up. He presents a letter. Signed by the 00:10:54.649 --> 00:10:58.429 entire Sire team. What does it say? Simple. Charlie 00:10:58.429 --> 00:11:01.370 Will was officially off probation. Ten years. 00:11:01.549 --> 00:11:04.210 Think about that. A full decade of proving yourself 00:11:04.210 --> 00:11:06.950 day in, day out, under that kind of scrutiny. 00:11:07.269 --> 00:11:09.629 Finally getting that official nod after delivering 00:11:09.629 --> 00:11:11.950 a global sensation. It's incredible persistence, 00:11:12.149 --> 00:11:14.250 but it also makes you wonder, like you said earlier, 00:11:14.409 --> 00:11:16.850 how many other potential game changers get weeded 00:11:16.850 --> 00:11:19.110 out by that kind of skepticism, that focus on 00:11:19.110 --> 00:11:21.529 pedigree or credentials over actual results. 00:11:22.190 --> 00:11:24.470 Hashtag, hashtag three, the philosophy of finding 00:11:24.470 --> 00:11:27.129 diamonds, the Elton principle. So Blackstar gives 00:11:27.129 --> 00:11:29.450 him the credibility, the clout, maybe even the 00:11:29.450 --> 00:11:32.029 freedom to really double down on his own philosophy, 00:11:32.129 --> 00:11:34.570 which wasn't about following the crowd. No, quite 00:11:34.570 --> 00:11:37.549 the opposite. After Blackstar hit big, he could 00:11:37.549 --> 00:11:39.909 have played it safe. Just chase the next high 00:11:39.909 --> 00:11:42.899 index, Sunray. But he deliberately started looking 00:11:42.899 --> 00:11:45.080 where others weren't, looking for those hidden 00:11:45.080 --> 00:11:47.039 gems the rest of the industry had overlooked 00:11:47.039 --> 00:11:49.419 or dismissed. Which brings us to what the sources 00:11:49.419 --> 00:11:52.700 call the Elton Principle. This is maybe the most 00:11:52.700 --> 00:11:54.620 practical takeaway for anyone selecting genetics 00:11:54.620 --> 00:11:59.299 today. It centers around one bull, 7H2236 Amprise 00:11:59.299 --> 00:12:02.700 Bell Elton. Right. And Elton, on paper, had a 00:12:02.700 --> 00:12:05.019 huge red flag, especially by today's standards. 00:12:05.080 --> 00:12:08.899 His dam, she only classified good plus. And her 00:12:08.899 --> 00:12:12.960 udder. Just good. Okay, pause there. Today, in 00:12:12.960 --> 00:12:16.419 2025, with everyone chasing EX -95 scores and 00:12:16.419 --> 00:12:19.460 fancy pedigrees, a bull from a good -plus dam... 00:12:19.639 --> 00:12:21.820 with a good utter. Forget about it. Most selection 00:12:21.820 --> 00:12:23.840 committees wouldn't even look at the file. He'd 00:12:23.840 --> 00:12:26.500 be screened out automatically. The focus on high 00:12:26.500 --> 00:12:29.039 classification, that catalog dream, it just blinds 00:12:29.039 --> 00:12:31.080 people sometimes. But Charlie knew classification 00:12:31.080 --> 00:12:33.460 was just one piece. It wasn't the whole story. 00:12:33.720 --> 00:12:36.179 He believed in doing the actual legwork. He did. 00:12:36.279 --> 00:12:38.320 Instead of just trusting the score sheet, he 00:12:38.320 --> 00:12:40.360 decided he had to see Elton's daughters himself, 00:12:40.659 --> 00:12:43.919 in the flesh. So he gets in the car, drives all 00:12:43.919 --> 00:12:47.049 the way up to Minnesota. In February. Which, 00:12:47.169 --> 00:12:49.110 you know, is not exactly prime time for a road 00:12:49.110 --> 00:12:51.730 trip up there. No kidding. Bitter cold. But he 00:12:51.730 --> 00:12:54.149 goes into the barn. Imagine that freezing outside. 00:12:54.450 --> 00:12:56.950 Then you step into that warm, humid barn air. 00:12:57.490 --> 00:13:00.149 Steam coming off the cows. The sounds of the 00:13:00.149 --> 00:13:03.250 milkers. That's the real world of Derry. Far 00:13:03.250 --> 00:13:05.289 from the glossy photos in the bowl catalogs. 00:13:05.289 --> 00:13:07.649 Totally. And he starts looking at Elton's daughters. 00:13:07.929 --> 00:13:11.289 And what does he find? Not what the good udder 00:13:11.289 --> 00:13:14.210 score might suggest. He sees exceptional udders. 00:13:14.309 --> 00:13:17.529 Deep cleft, that strong center support, rear 00:13:17.529 --> 00:13:20.149 udders high and wide, and maybe most importantly, 00:13:20.409 --> 00:13:23.490 feet and legs built for the long haul. Built 00:13:23.490 --> 00:13:27.210 for longevity. Cows built to last. Not just look 00:13:27.210 --> 00:13:29.909 good for one picture or one lactation. Cows that 00:13:29.909 --> 00:13:31.830 could handle multiple lactations on concrete 00:13:31.830 --> 00:13:34.269 without breaking down. Exactly. Functional durability. 00:13:34.529 --> 00:13:36.730 He looked past the piece of paper and saw what 00:13:36.730 --> 00:13:38.799 mattered in the barn. That's the Elton principle 00:13:38.799 --> 00:13:40.820 in action. And the impact of that cold trip to 00:13:40.820 --> 00:13:43.379 Minnesota. Yikes. It's just staggering. Elton 00:13:43.379 --> 00:13:46.220 goes on to sire Durham. And Durham. He sired, 00:13:46.220 --> 00:13:51.759 what was the number? Get this. 5 ,039. 5 ,039 00:13:51.759 --> 00:13:55.299 documented excellent daughters. From a bull whose 00:13:55.299 --> 00:13:58.919 own sire came from a good -plus dam. It's unbelievable. 00:13:59.399 --> 00:14:01.860 A dynasty built from genetics others rejected 00:14:01.860 --> 00:14:04.179 based on one score. And it doesn't stop there. 00:14:04.559 --> 00:14:07.559 Elton also became the maternal grandsire of Oman, 00:14:07.740 --> 00:14:11.100 Obie Manfred Justice Oman, arguably the most 00:14:11.100 --> 00:14:14.100 influential bull of the last 20 years. All traced 00:14:14.100 --> 00:14:16.440 back to Charlie trusting his eye in that Minnesota 00:14:16.440 --> 00:14:18.889 barn over the classification sheet. It comes 00:14:18.889 --> 00:14:20.289 right back to that George Miller philosophy, 00:14:20.590 --> 00:14:23.250 doesn't it? Solving barn problems, not chasing 00:14:23.250 --> 00:14:25.730 catalog dreams. Absolutely. The industry pushes 00:14:25.730 --> 00:14:29.110 extreme type, extreme production indexes. But 00:14:29.110 --> 00:14:31.330 Charlie's big hits, the bulls that sold millions 00:14:31.330 --> 00:14:34.289 of units, they sold because they fixed real everyday 00:14:34.289 --> 00:14:36.730 problems for farmers. Omen is the perfect example. 00:14:36.789 --> 00:14:39.710 Over a million units sold. Why? Because Charlie 00:14:39.710 --> 00:14:41.850 and the team selected him to tackle the big issues 00:14:41.850 --> 00:14:44.210 that were killing profitability back then. Fertility 00:14:44.210 --> 00:14:46.950 problems, cows not lasting, high vet bills. Oh 00:14:46.950 --> 00:14:49.269 man, delivered. He wasn't just about milk, though 00:14:49.269 --> 00:14:52.309 he had that too. He brought better daughter pregnancy 00:14:52.309 --> 00:14:56.950 rate, DPR, longer productive life, PL, easier 00:14:56.950 --> 00:15:00.190 calving, lower thematic cell score, health traits, 00:15:00.450 --> 00:15:03.409 efficiency traits, the stuff that makes a farmer's 00:15:03.409 --> 00:15:06.399 life easier and saves money. Right. He directly 00:15:06.399 --> 00:15:08.840 improved net merit by hitting those health and 00:15:08.840 --> 00:15:11.379 fertility components. When a bull makes your 00:15:11.379 --> 00:15:14.059 daily chores easier, makes your cows last longer, 00:15:14.220 --> 00:15:17.340 and cuts your vet bills. Farmers notice, they 00:15:17.340 --> 00:15:19.519 buy that semen. Doesn't matter if he wasn't the 00:15:19.519 --> 00:15:21.340 fanciest type bull out there. The sales numbers 00:15:21.340 --> 00:15:23.279 prove it. You listed them before, but they bear 00:15:23.279 --> 00:15:26.620 repeating. Ullman, Matthey, all over a million 00:15:26.620 --> 00:15:30.059 units. Integrity, 1 .5 million. Blitzee, the 00:15:30.059 --> 00:15:33.039 select SIRES record holder, over 1 .52 million 00:15:33.039 --> 00:15:35.580 units. That's volume driven by results, not hype. 00:15:35.720 --> 00:15:37.840 Pure farmer demand because the bulls worked. 00:15:38.059 --> 00:15:39.840 And Charlie wasn't just finding these bulls, 00:15:39.840 --> 00:15:41.860 he was explaining why they worked. He traveled 00:15:41.860 --> 00:15:44.840 everywhere, 49 states, 18 countries, translating 00:15:44.840 --> 00:15:47.620 complex genetics into practical terms. Yeah, 00:15:47.639 --> 00:15:49.820 that story about his Wisconsin seminar sums it 00:15:49.820 --> 00:15:52.070 up. Standing in front of 200 farmers, taking 00:15:52.070 --> 00:15:54.850 something like a plus 2 .0 score for utter depth, 00:15:54.929 --> 00:15:57.649 which sounds abstract. And making it real, saying, 00:15:57.769 --> 00:15:59.850 look, this means his daughters are likely to 00:15:59.850 --> 00:16:02.610 milk two full lactations longer for you. That 00:16:02.610 --> 00:16:06.269 connects. That's value. Someone, Scott Ruby, 00:16:06.429 --> 00:16:08.529 I think, said he had an incredible gift for making 00:16:08.529 --> 00:16:11.750 the complex understandable. He basically democratized 00:16:11.750 --> 00:16:15.029 genetics, made it accessible, practical for everyone. 00:16:15.289 --> 00:16:17.409 OK, so he's built this incredible career based 00:16:17.409 --> 00:16:20.909 on traditional evaluation, seeing cows, trusting 00:16:20.909 --> 00:16:23.850 his eye, understanding functional traits, the 00:16:23.850 --> 00:16:26.509 Elton principle, right? You'd think when the 00:16:26.509 --> 00:16:28.830 next huge disruption comes along, he might be 00:16:28.830 --> 00:16:31.110 the one to resist it. You absolutely would. And 00:16:31.110 --> 00:16:33.820 that disruption was genomics. Hits the scene 00:16:33.820 --> 00:16:36.820 around 2008. It completely flipped the script 00:16:36.820 --> 00:16:39.259 on decades of bull evaluation. Think about it. 00:16:39.279 --> 00:16:41.679 Charlie is approaching 60 by this point. He's 00:16:41.679 --> 00:16:44.059 mastered the old system, the progeny test system. 00:16:44.320 --> 00:16:46.860 Breed a bull, wait five years for daughters to 00:16:46.860 --> 00:16:50.100 milk, then you know if he's any good. Slow, expensive, 00:16:50.460 --> 00:16:53.379 but reliable eventually. And most guys his age, 00:16:53.419 --> 00:16:55.639 especially the successful cowmen who relied on 00:16:55.639 --> 00:16:57.960 their eye, were skeptical. The sources say a 00:16:57.960 --> 00:17:00.539 lot of the old -timers just didn't buy it. How 00:17:00.539 --> 00:17:03.080 could a DNA test replace five years of real -world 00:17:03.080 --> 00:17:05.140 performance data? They were comfortable with 00:17:05.140 --> 00:17:07.420 what they knew. They built careers on it. Why 00:17:07.420 --> 00:17:09.380 change now, especially with something that seemed 00:17:09.380 --> 00:17:11.160 like, I don't know, science fiction almost? But 00:17:11.160 --> 00:17:14.259 Charlie! Instead of digging in his heels, he 00:17:14.259 --> 00:17:17.460 saw genomics for what it was. An incredible new 00:17:17.460 --> 00:17:21.200 tool. He recognized its potential immediately. 00:17:21.680 --> 00:17:24.680 What was the key difference he saw? Reliability. 00:17:24.940 --> 00:17:28.140 Yeah, reliability and speed. Before genomics, 00:17:28.259 --> 00:17:31.180 he said, using parent averages to predict a young 00:17:31.180 --> 00:17:34.339 bull's potential was maybe a 50 -50 shot. You 00:17:34.339 --> 00:17:36.099 were basically guessing on half your selections. 00:17:36.400 --> 00:17:38.599 A very expensive guess, considering the cost 00:17:38.599 --> 00:17:40.400 of raising and housing all those young bulls 00:17:40.400 --> 00:17:42.799 for years. Exactly. Genomics changed the odds 00:17:42.799 --> 00:17:45.079 dramatically. Suddenly, you could test a calf 00:17:45.079 --> 00:17:48.819 and get a reliability of, say, 70 -75 % for key 00:17:48.819 --> 00:17:51.099 traits almost instantly. Way better odds than 00:17:51.099 --> 00:17:53.700 50 -50. That's a game changer for managing risk 00:17:53.700 --> 00:17:56.769 and accelerating progress. You can identify the 00:17:56.769 --> 00:17:59.210 elite calves much, much earlier. Think about 00:17:59.210 --> 00:18:01.670 the business side for a farmer -owned co -op 00:18:01.670 --> 00:18:04.769 like Select Sires. The old way meant housing 00:18:04.769 --> 00:18:07.589 hundreds of bulls for five years, knowing maybe 00:18:07.589 --> 00:18:10.789 half would fail. Millions spent on feed and care 00:18:10.789 --> 00:18:13.509 for bulls that wouldn't make it. Genomics let 00:18:13.509 --> 00:18:16.589 them cut that drastically. Identify the likely 00:18:16.589 --> 00:18:19.349 winners early, manage inventory, turn bulls over 00:18:19.349 --> 00:18:22.230 faster. Huge cost savings. But Charlie's thinking 00:18:22.230 --> 00:18:25.319 went beyond just adopting the tech. He saw the 00:18:25.319 --> 00:18:28.339 potential downside too, right? The risk to the 00:18:28.339 --> 00:18:30.559 breed itself. That's where he really showed his 00:18:30.559 --> 00:18:32.599 foresight, acting as a steward of the breed. 00:18:32.640 --> 00:18:35.819 He realized immediately, if everyone just chases 00:18:35.819 --> 00:18:38.480 the very highest genomic young bulls based on 00:18:38.480 --> 00:18:40.619 these new indexes, you end up breeding everything 00:18:40.619 --> 00:18:44.150 to the same. few sires or sire lines. Precisely. 00:18:44.170 --> 00:18:46.930 The genetic pool shrinks dangerously fast. You 00:18:46.930 --> 00:18:49.549 increase inbreeding, you lose diversity, you 00:18:49.549 --> 00:18:51.710 potentially concentrate recessive genes. It's 00:18:51.710 --> 00:18:53.690 a huge long -term risk. And we're seeing the 00:18:53.690 --> 00:18:55.730 effects of that now, aren't we? Concerns about 00:18:55.730 --> 00:18:57.589 Holstein inbreeding levels hitting potentially 00:18:57.589 --> 00:19:00.269 critical points in some elite populations. We 00:19:00.269 --> 00:19:02.930 are, and Charlie saw it coming. So even though 00:19:02.930 --> 00:19:05.029 it might have cost select sires some points on 00:19:05.029 --> 00:19:06.990 the ranking list in the short term, not always 00:19:06.990 --> 00:19:09.289 having the absolute number one genomic bull, 00:19:10.029 --> 00:19:12.329 He guided them to deliberately use some bulls 00:19:12.329 --> 00:19:15.190 with maybe slightly lower indexes, but different 00:19:15.190 --> 00:19:18.410 pedigrees. Outcross bulls. To maintain that genetic 00:19:18.410 --> 00:19:21.089 diversity. Yeah. Even if it wasn't the most immediately 00:19:21.089 --> 00:19:24.029 profitable or popular move. He literally asked, 00:19:24.190 --> 00:19:26.710 if we don't maintain genetic diversity, who will? 00:19:27.470 --> 00:19:29.369 That's thinking about the future health of the 00:19:29.369 --> 00:19:32.210 entire breed, not just the next proof run. Sacrificing 00:19:32.210 --> 00:19:34.670 a little now for long -term stability. And the 00:19:34.670 --> 00:19:37.049 overall economic impact of genomics, the tool 00:19:37.049 --> 00:19:39.380 he championed. It's massive. The numbers are 00:19:39.380 --> 00:19:42.240 staggering. Estimates suggest that between 2008 00:19:42.240 --> 00:19:45.000 and 2019 alone, genomics added something like 00:19:45.000 --> 00:19:47.799 $50 per cow per year in genetic value across 00:19:47.799 --> 00:19:51.599 the U .S. herd. $50 per cow per year times millions 00:19:51.599 --> 00:19:54.039 of cows. It adds up. We're talking a $4 billion 00:19:54.039 --> 00:19:57.000 total industry impact just from the genetic gain 00:19:57.000 --> 00:19:59.500 enabled by genomics in that period. Maybe more. 00:19:59.660 --> 00:20:02.680 And now, over a million genomic tests run every 00:20:02.680 --> 00:20:04.859 year. It's completely transformed how we select 00:20:04.859 --> 00:20:07.799 bulls and heifers. It has. And it's thanks in 00:20:07.799 --> 00:20:10.119 large part to leaders like Charlie, who, even 00:20:10.119 --> 00:20:12.400 late in their careers, weren't afraid to embrace 00:20:12.400 --> 00:20:15.059 disruption. He didn't fight the future. He helped 00:20:15.059 --> 00:20:18.059 shape it. Pivoting like that at age 60, that 00:20:18.059 --> 00:20:21.339 takes real vision. Hashtag, tag, tag, V or S. 00:20:21.740 --> 00:20:23.759 Practical application for today's dairy farmer, 00:20:23.960 --> 00:20:27.450 October 2025 reality. Okay, so let's tie all 00:20:27.450 --> 00:20:29.589 this history and philosophy directly to what 00:20:29.589 --> 00:20:31.990 you, the listener, are facing right now. It's 00:20:31.990 --> 00:20:34.789 October 2025. The market's tough. CME milk is 00:20:34.789 --> 00:20:38.009 maybe, what, $17 .19? Somewhere tight like that. 00:20:38.190 --> 00:20:40.549 Yeah, margins are squeezed. Input costs are high. 00:20:40.789 --> 00:20:42.569 You've got external stuff going on, too. Maybe 00:20:42.569 --> 00:20:45.230 a government shutdown, messing with USDA reports, 00:20:45.490 --> 00:20:47.869 global companies making big moves like Nestle, 00:20:47.930 --> 00:20:50.490 backing away from methane initiatives. Lots of 00:20:50.490 --> 00:20:52.769 uncertainty. Exactly. It's a high -pressure environment. 00:20:53.029 --> 00:20:55.309 And that's precisely why Charlie Will's focus 00:20:55.309 --> 00:20:57.049 on practicality practical, functional, efficient 00:20:57.049 --> 00:20:59.490 genetics is more relevant today than ever. But 00:20:59.490 --> 00:21:01.130 there are bright spots too, right? Things built 00:21:01.130 --> 00:21:03.849 on the foundation he helped lay. For sure. Despite 00:21:03.849 --> 00:21:07.410 the pressure, most farmers, maybe 75%, still 00:21:07.410 --> 00:21:09.769 expect to turn a profit this year. We've got 00:21:09.769 --> 00:21:13.589 billions, like $8 billion in new dairy processing 00:21:13.589 --> 00:21:16.450 capacity coming online. And the beef on dairy 00:21:16.450 --> 00:21:18.960 trend. That's huge, providing a really vital 00:21:18.960 --> 00:21:21.400 secondary income stream for many operations. 00:21:21.779 --> 00:21:23.359 And the cows themselves are just getting better 00:21:23.359 --> 00:21:25.900 and better faster than ever. That April 2025 00:21:25.900 --> 00:21:28.660 base change proves it. It really does. The biggest 00:21:28.660 --> 00:21:31.119 base change ever for Holsteins. Rolling back 00:21:31.119 --> 00:21:34.259 butterfat by 45 pounds, protein by 30 pounds. 00:21:34.460 --> 00:21:36.539 And just to clarify for everyone listening that 00:21:36.539 --> 00:21:38.940 base change doesn't mean cows got worse. It means 00:21:38.940 --> 00:21:42.579 the average cow improved so much so quickly that 00:21:42.579 --> 00:21:44.920 they had to reset the zero point just to keep 00:21:44.920 --> 00:21:47.160 the index numbers meaningful. Right. It's mathematical 00:21:47.160 --> 00:21:50.000 proof of rapid genetic progress. Today's average 00:21:50.000 --> 00:21:52.519 Holstein, the kind Charlie championed, more moderate 00:21:52.519 --> 00:21:55.519 size, healthier, more fertile, is way more efficient 00:21:55.519 --> 00:21:57.980 than those skyscraper cows from the 80s. They're 00:21:57.980 --> 00:22:00.529 doing more with less. So Charlie distilled his 00:22:00.529 --> 00:22:02.349 approach down to three core principles. What 00:22:02.349 --> 00:22:04.009 were they again? Kind of a survival guide for 00:22:04.009 --> 00:22:06.950 today. Yeah, simple but critical. One, find the 00:22:06.950 --> 00:22:09.650 right people. Work with advisors, selectors, 00:22:09.670 --> 00:22:12.109 evaluators who actually understand farming, who 00:22:12.109 --> 00:22:14.789 have that barn eye, who know genetics is about 00:22:14.789 --> 00:22:17.549 improving your bottom line. Do. Work as a team. 00:22:17.809 --> 00:22:19.849 Remember that for co -ops like Select Sires, 00:22:19.990 --> 00:22:22.549 it's farmer -owned. Decisions impact everyone. 00:22:22.869 --> 00:22:25.210 Choose genetics that benefit the whole system, 00:22:25.309 --> 00:22:27.269 the long -term health of the breed. And three. 00:22:27.930 --> 00:22:30.470 Embrace new tools. Don't be afraid of technology. 00:22:30.750 --> 00:22:33.849 Use genomics. Use IVF. Use sex semen. Whatever 00:22:33.849 --> 00:22:36.609 helps you make faster, smarter genetic progress 00:22:36.609 --> 00:22:39.029 on your farm. Okay, so armed with those principles, 00:22:39.309 --> 00:22:41.289 let's say I'm sitting down next week looking 00:22:41.289 --> 00:22:43.170 at bull proofs, trying to make decisions for 00:22:43.170 --> 00:22:45.549 my herd. What are the three concrete lessons 00:22:45.549 --> 00:22:47.730 from Charlie's career I should apply? Number 00:22:47.730 --> 00:22:50.440 one has to be the Elton principle. Look where 00:22:50.440 --> 00:22:52.559 others aren't looking. Don't just chase the highest 00:22:52.559 --> 00:22:55.839 TPI or net merit number. Dig deeper. Look at 00:22:55.839 --> 00:22:57.920 functional traits. Is there a bull with maybe 00:22:57.920 --> 00:23:00.160 slightly lower index, but his daughters have 00:23:00.160 --> 00:23:03.240 incredible longevity? Or fantastic feet and legs? 00:23:03.460 --> 00:23:05.740 Don't automatically reject a bull because his 00:23:05.740 --> 00:23:08.740 dam wasn't EX95. Look for functional durability 00:23:08.740 --> 00:23:11.539 that solves your herd -specific problems. Okay, 00:23:11.619 --> 00:23:13.420 look beyond the obvious index. What's number 00:23:13.420 --> 00:23:16.940 two? Number two is Omen's lesson. Select bulls 00:23:16.940 --> 00:23:19.839 that solve real day -to -day barn problems, not 00:23:19.839 --> 00:23:21.799 just ones that look good on paper or in the show 00:23:21.799 --> 00:23:24.299 ring. Omen sold millions because he improved 00:23:24.299 --> 00:23:27.079 calving ease, fertility, health, the things that 00:23:27.079 --> 00:23:29.380 cost farmers time and money every single day. 00:23:30.279 --> 00:23:32.119 Prioritize those net merit component traits. 00:23:32.779 --> 00:23:36.099 Productive life, DPR, somatic cell score, livability, 00:23:36.339 --> 00:23:39.059 these directly impact your profitability. Got 00:23:39.059 --> 00:23:41.039 it. Solve real problems. Yeah. And the third 00:23:41.039 --> 00:23:44.180 lesson. The third is the genomics lesson. Embrace 00:23:44.180 --> 00:23:46.200 disruption and use the best tools available no 00:23:46.200 --> 00:23:48.619 matter how long you've been farming. Use genomic 00:23:48.619 --> 00:23:50.579 testing on your heifers. It's affordable now 00:23:50.579 --> 00:23:53.359 to make smarter culling decisions early. Consider 00:23:53.359 --> 00:23:55.819 IVF to multiply genetics from your very best 00:23:55.819 --> 00:23:58.559 cows faster. In this tight market, the speed 00:23:58.559 --> 00:24:00.619 of genetic progress you can achieve using these 00:24:00.619 --> 00:24:03.619 tools is crucial. It's not a luxury. It's essential 00:24:03.619 --> 00:24:06.609 risk management. Knowing which heifers are keepers 00:24:06.609 --> 00:24:09.470 within weeks instead of years. That's a massive 00:24:09.470 --> 00:24:12.109 advantage. That acceleration is really Charlie 00:24:12.109 --> 00:24:14.710 Will's gift to today's dairy farmer. Hashtag, 00:24:14.710 --> 00:24:18.029 tag, tag, tag, T6. Legacy and final takeaway. 00:24:18.809 --> 00:24:21.069 So you walk into pretty much any barn today. 00:24:21.230 --> 00:24:23.049 You see those Holsteins, efficient, moderate 00:24:23.049 --> 00:24:25.250 size, working hard. That's Charlie Will's legacy 00:24:25.250 --> 00:24:27.210 right there in front of you. Those cows, their 00:24:27.210 --> 00:24:29.390 resilience, their fertility, their ability to 00:24:29.390 --> 00:24:31.690 last. So much of that traces back to the bulls 00:24:31.690 --> 00:24:34.180 he found. The philosophy he championed. It's 00:24:34.180 --> 00:24:37.359 a $4 billion legacy measured in genetic gain, 00:24:37.460 --> 00:24:39.420 but it's also measured in cows that just work 00:24:39.420 --> 00:24:41.779 better for the farmer. The story itself is just, 00:24:41.819 --> 00:24:44.819 it's incredible. From total rejection to industry 00:24:44.819 --> 00:24:47.420 pioneer, it's pure persistence. That farm kid 00:24:47.420 --> 00:24:49.259 they wouldn't hire waits 10 years just to get 00:24:49.259 --> 00:24:51.519 off probation, then spends the next 30 years 00:24:51.519 --> 00:24:54.319 completely changing global dairy genetics, focusing 00:24:54.319 --> 00:24:56.900 on the farmer, trusting his eye, embracing the 00:24:56.900 --> 00:24:59.309 future. It's a powerful lesson. especially for 00:24:59.309 --> 00:25:01.849 young people maybe struggling to get a foothold 00:25:01.849 --> 00:25:04.349 in the industry right now. That rejection letter, 00:25:04.509 --> 00:25:06.730 it wasn't the end. It was the start of the backdoor 00:25:06.730 --> 00:25:09.930 strategy. Your first job might not be the dream 00:25:09.930 --> 00:25:13.430 job, but use it. Learn from it. Build your reputation 00:25:13.430 --> 00:25:15.410 like Charlie did out there in those Wisconsin 00:25:15.410 --> 00:25:19.109 barns doing SMS evaluations. Earn your shot. 00:25:19.390 --> 00:25:21.569 He proved that sometimes the path to the top 00:25:21.569 --> 00:25:24.730 isn't the front door. It's the side door, followed 00:25:24.730 --> 00:25:26.549 by a whole lot of hard work and proving people 00:25:26.549 --> 00:25:31.500 wrong. That 2025 NAAB Pioneer Award, that's the 00:25:31.500 --> 00:25:34.140 official recognition absolutely deserved, but 00:25:34.140 --> 00:25:37.339 the real lasting impact. It's the efficiency 00:25:37.339 --> 00:25:40.170 built into the modern Holstein herd. That $4 00:25:40.170 --> 00:25:43.269 billion in added value. That's what helps farmers 00:25:43.269 --> 00:25:45.150 weather the storms like the tight market we're 00:25:45.150 --> 00:25:46.670 seeing right now. You know, this might be one 00:25:46.670 --> 00:25:48.210 of the most important stories we've covered here. 00:25:48.329 --> 00:25:51.289 A rejection that sparked a revolution, manifitting 00:25:51.289 --> 00:25:53.170 literally every single dairy farmer listening 00:25:53.170 --> 00:25:55.190 today. Absolutely. And it's not just a history 00:25:55.190 --> 00:25:57.529 lesson. His methods, his principles, they're 00:25:57.529 --> 00:25:59.390 the roadmap for navigating today's challenges, 00:25:59.589 --> 00:26:02.529 for making smart choices in a tough market. Definitely. 00:26:02.670 --> 00:26:06.569 So head over to www .thebullvine .com. You can 00:26:06.569 --> 00:26:09.289 read the full in -depth profile on Charlie Will 00:26:09.289 --> 00:26:11.789 there. We've also linked some really practical 00:26:11.789 --> 00:26:14.130 articles that build on these ideas, how to actually 00:26:14.130 --> 00:26:17.250 apply selection indexes effectively, making the 00:26:17.250 --> 00:26:19.369 most of the beef on dairy strategy using these 00:26:19.369 --> 00:26:21.789 efficient cows, and a crucial look at Holstein 00:26:21.789 --> 00:26:23.829 inbreeding that issue Charlie was so concerned 00:26:23.829 --> 00:26:26.420 about. All the tools you need to put these lessons 00:26:26.420 --> 00:26:29.579 into practice. Subscribe, keep learning, and 00:26:29.579 --> 00:26:31.519 make sure you join us next time for more insights 00:26:31.519 --> 00:26:33.960 you can trust right here on the Bullbine Podcast.