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Welcome, dairy enthusiasts, to another exciting episode of the Bullvine Podcast.

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I'm Bella, and with me is the one and only Douglas.

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Thank you for joining us for our 179th episode.

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Today we're diving into a topic that's hotter than a cow in July, CRISPR gene editing and

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its potential impact on dairy farming.

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That's right, Bella.

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We're about to take a wild ride through the brave new world of gene-edited livestock.

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From muscular polo ponies to heat-resistant Holsteins, this technology is set to shake

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up our industry faster than you can say automated milking system.

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And we're not talking small potatoes here.

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We're looking at a potential $100 billion upheaval in the dairy industry.

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Wow.

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Douglas, that sounds fascinating.

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But before we dive in, can you give our listeners a quick overview of what we'll be covering

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today?

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Sure thing, Bella.

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We'll start with those gene-edited polo horses in Argentina that kicked off this whole conversation.

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Then we'll explore how CRISPR could revolutionize dairy farming, from creating heat-resistant

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cows to tackling disease resistance.

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We'll also look at the regulatory landscape, including the Agritech Act in the U.S., consumer

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perceptions and the challenges small farms might face.

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And of course, we'll wrap up with some thoughts on what this all means for the future of dairy

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farming.

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That sounds like quite the journey.

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Let's saddle up and get started.

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Douglas, tell us about these super polo ponies that have everyone talking.

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Well, Bella, picture this.

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Five frisky foals prancing around a fancy stable in Buenos Aires, looking like they've

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been hitting the equine gym 24-7.

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These aren't your typical blue-blooded ponies.

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They're the world's first CRISPR-edited horses, created by a company called Chiron Biotech.

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CRISPR-edited horses?

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That sounds like something out of a sci-fi movie.

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How exactly does that work?

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It's actually quite fascinating.

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The scientists at Chiron Biotech used CRISPR gene-editing technology to tweak a gene called

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MSTN, which controls muscle growth.

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Essentially, they gave it a little nudge, and voila, you've got polo ponies that could

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give Arnold Schwarzenegger a run for his money.

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Polo ponies with six packs?

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Now that's something I'd like to see.

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But seriously, what can these super horses do?

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According to the data from Chiron Biotech, these CRISPR-edited ponies can sprint 15%

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faster than their non-edited buddies.

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And get this, they achieve this without adding a single drop of artificial DNA.

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It's all just clever editing of the horse's existing genes.

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That's impressive.

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But I can't help wondering, is this all just for show, or could it have real applications

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for our industry?

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That's the hundred billion dollar question, Bella.

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If scientists can edit horse genes to create the perfect polo player, how long before they're

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tinkering with Bessie's DNA to produce heat-resistant super cows or disease-proof milk machines?

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Now, now that's something our listeners will want to hear more about.

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But before we dive into the dairy applications, are there any concerns about these gene-edited

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horses?

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Well, as with any new technology, there are some worries.

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Some folks are concerned that these speed demons might burn out faster than a cheap

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tractor.

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Endurance could be an issue.

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That's why Argentine vets are watching these ponies more closely than a fox in a henhouse,

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monitoring every snort, gallop, and tail swish.

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That makes sense.

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It's important to ensure the animal's well-being.

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Now let's turn our attention to dairy.

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How could CRISPR technology impact our herds?

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Bella, this is where things get really exciting for us dairy folk.

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CRISPR has the potential to address some of our biggest challenges, starting with heat

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stress.

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Heat stress?

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You mean like when the cows get too hot in summer?

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Exactly.

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Climate change is turning our dairy barns into saunas, and not the fun kind where you

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lose water weight.

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But CRISPR might be dairy's new best friend.

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Scientists are working on introducing something called the slick gene into dairy cattle.

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The slick gene.

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Sounds cool.

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Pun intended.

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What does it do?

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Good one, Bella.

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The slick gene is like nature's thermostat.

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It's borrowed from those chill, centipole cattle who treat heat waves like a day at

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the beach.

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When introduced into dairy breeds, it could lead to up to 10% higher milk production during

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heat waves.

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Wow, that could make a big difference for farmers in hot climates.

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Are there any other benefits?

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You bet.

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It's 100% natural genetic modification.

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No Frankencows here.

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Just speedy evolution.

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And the best part?

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Zero added electricity costs.

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Your wallet stays as fat as your heifers.

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That sounds amazing.

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But surely there must be a catch.

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Well CRISPR isn't just about beating the heat.

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Scientists are also working on disease resistance.

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They're targeting something called the CD46 gene, which could help reduce our reliance

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on antibiotics by 20 to 30%.

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That's significant.

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Antibiotic use is a big concern in our industry.

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But Douglas, all this sounds almost too good to be true.

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Are there any potential downsides or risks we should be aware of?

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You're right to ask that, Bella.

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While CRISPR holds a lot of promise, it's not without its challenges.

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Remember the hornless cattle situation a few years back?

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Hornless cattle?

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I'm not sure I do.

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Can you refresh our listeners' memory?

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Sure thing.

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A while back, scientists used gene editing to create hornless cattle, aiming to reduce

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injuries in the herd.

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Sounds great, right?

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But they accidentally introduced antibiotic-resistant genes in the process.

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It's a reminder that we need to be careful and thorough with this technology.

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That's a bit worrying.

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How can we ensure we don't make similar mistakes with CRISPR?

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Well, as Dr. Emily Park, a geneticist at UC Davis, puts it, it's like baking.

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Rush the process and you'll end up with a mess.

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Genetic precision isn't something you want to speed date.

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We need to take our time and be thorough in our research and testing.

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Douglas, all this technology sounds amazing.

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But I can't help wondering about the regulations.

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How are different countries handling CRISPR?

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Seriously, that's a great question, Bella.

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The regulatory landscape is about as varied as a herd of Holsteins.

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Take Argentina, for example.

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They're doing the CRISPR cha-cha like it's going out of style.

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Their motto, if it ain't foreign DNA, it ain't GMO.

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Their biotech regulatory body, Conabia, is practically high-fiving farmers left and right.

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And what about other countries?

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Well, the European Union is doing a much more cautious waltz.

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They're eyeing CRISPR like it's a bull in a china shop.

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And here in the good old U.S. of A, we've got the Agritech Act of 2023, causing more

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farmer head-scratching than a case of lice in the herd.

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The Agritech Act?

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What's that all about?

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Well, according to a Farm Journal survey in 2023, about 65% of dairy farmers say the bill

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needs more clarity.

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It's proposing some subsidies, which sounds nice, but without clarity, it's like being

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handed a blank check you can't cash.

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Farmer confidence in the bill is lower than a snake's belly in a wagon rut.

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That sounds complicated.

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How are farmers dealing with all this uncertainty?

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It's not easy, Bella.

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Take Luisa Moreno, for example.

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She's an Argentine dairy co-op manager, and she says, you know what keeps me up at night?

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We're investing millions in slick cattle, but Europe might decide tomorrow that our milk

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is more controversial than pineapple on pizza.

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I can see why she'd be worried.

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Now I'm sure our listeners are wondering about the practical aspects of all this.

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How much would it cost for a farmer to get involved with CRISPR technology?

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Well, Bella, you might want to sit down for this.

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According to AgriPulse, a single CRISPR-edited embryo could cost anywhere from $5,000 to

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$10,000.

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And that's not including the licensing fees, which could be 5 to 10 percent of the offspring's

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revenue.

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That's a lot of money.

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How could small farms possibly afford that?

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That's the big question, isn't it?

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Jake Larson, a dairy farmer from Wisconsin, put it this way.

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My granddad traded three heifers for his first tractor.

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Today, that same deal would barely cover the cost of gene-editing technology for a single

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calf.

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That's a sobering thought.

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It sounds like this technology could create a real divide between large and small farms.

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You're not wrong, Bella.

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It's not just the cost, either.

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According to a study by Cornell University, only 15 percent of U.S. dairy farmers say

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they fully understand gene-editing.

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That's fewer people than can explain why cats always land on their feet.

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So, we're looking at both a financial barrier and a knowledge gap.

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That's concerning, but surely there must be some solutions being proposed.

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Actually, there are some interesting initiatives in the works.

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For example, Brazil has launched an Open CRISPR program that's making some gene patents publicly

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available.

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Small farmers can access certain non-patented genes for reduced fees.

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That sounds promising.

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Are there any other innovative approaches?

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Yes, there are.

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Australia is taking a two-pronged approach.

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They're researching heat-resistant cattle, which ties into what we discussed earlier

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about the slick gene.

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But they're also working on methane-reducing feed additives.

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It's a great example of using CRISPR technology to address climate change from multiple angles.

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And get this, there's even a system called Dairy Trace that's using blockchain technology

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to track CRISPR milk from cow to consumer.

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Impressed blockchain for milk.

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Now that's something I never thought I'd hear.

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You're not alone there, Bella.

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But it's a great example of how we're combining cutting-edge technologies to address some

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of the concerns around CRISPR.

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Consumers can scan QR codes to see where their milk came from and probably what the cow had

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for breakfast.

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Speaking of consumers, how are they reacting to all this?

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Are they ready for CRISPR milk?

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Well, Bella, consumer reactions are mixed, according to a study by IFIC and Eurobarometer

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in 2023.

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About 52% of Americans are cautiously optimistic about CRISPR technology in agriculture.

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They're saying things like, if it helps Bessie, we're on board.

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That doesn't sound too bad.

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What about the rest of the world?

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In Europe, the reception is a bit cooler.

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The same study found that 33% of Europeans say they need more information before deciding.

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And let me tell you, marketing departments are sweating bullets trying to figure out

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how to navigate these choppy waters.

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I can imagine.

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It sounds like there's a real need for consumer education around this technology.

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But Douglas, we can't ignore the elephant in the room, or should I say, the lab-grown

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protein in the Petri dish.

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How does CRISPR technology compare to these new alternative dairy products we're hearing

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about?

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Good point, Bella.

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While we've been scratching our heads over CRISPR, some tech wizards in Silicon Valley

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have been busy playing Dr. Frankenstein with bacteria.

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Companies like Perfect Day are engineering microbes to make milk proteins.

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Milk from bacteria?

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Now I've heard everything.

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How big is this market?

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It's no joke, Bella.

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The market value for these alternative dairy products is estimated at $2.1 billion.

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That's billion with a...

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You've got to be kidding me.

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That's... that's a significant figure.

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It sounds like traditional dairy farmers are facing challenges from all sides.

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What's your take on all this, Douglas?

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Where do you see the industry heading?

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Well, Bella, I think we're at a crossroads.

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CRISPR technology offers some amazing possibilities.

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Heat-resistant cows, disease-resistant herds, potentially higher milk production with fewer

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resources.

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But it also comes with significant challenges.

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High costs, regulatory hurdles, consumer skepticism, not to mention competition from lab-grown

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alternatives.

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It's certainly a lot to consider.

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Any final thoughts for our listeners?

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Here's what I think, Bella.

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We can't afford to sit this one out.

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Climate change is breathing down our necks like an impatient heifer at feeding time.

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Disease resistance could slash our antibiotic use, making our herds and our bottom lines

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healthier.

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If we don't jump on this CRISPR train, we might find ourselves left behind at the station,

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watching as lab-grown milk takes over the market.

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Those are some strong points, Douglas.

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So what should farmers do?

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First and foremost, stay informed.

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Knowledge is power.

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And in this case, it might just be the difference between thriving and barely surviving.

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Be adaptable.

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Our ancestors went from hand-milking to machines.

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We can handle this.

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And don't be afraid to collaborate.

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Pool resources.

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Share knowledge.

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We're stronger together than alone in this genetic rodeo.

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That's great advice, Douglas.

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And on that note, I think it's time to wrap up.

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Listeners, we hope this episode has given you some food for thought about the future

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of dairy farming.

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Remember, CRISPR technology is complex and controversial, but it's also utterly fascinating.

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Utterly fascinating?

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Was that a cow pun, Bella?

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Maybe.

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But in all seriousness, we'd love to hear your thoughts on this topic.

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Are you ready to ride the CRISPR wave, or are you sticking with traditional breeding

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for now?

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Yes.

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Please do reach out and let us know what you think.

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And remember, whether you're Team CRISPR or Team Traditional, one thing's for sure.

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The future of farming is going to be one wild ride.

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So buckle up, buttercup.

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That's all for this episode of the Bullvine Podcast.

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I'm Bella.

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And on behalf of Douglas and myself, thanks for listening.

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Until next time, may your milk be plentiful and your cows be happy.