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All right, so are you ready?

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Because today, we're talking about a telescope

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that's so unbelievably huge.

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Huge, yeah.

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It would make the James Webb look like a toy, like you said.

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With a little speck of dust.

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Yeah.

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We're really diving deep today into this idea

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of a space telescope, but with a mirror one kilometer wide.

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One kilometer.

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Yeah, one kilometer.

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That's like 10 football fields across, I mean.

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I can't even.

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It's really hard to wrap your mind around something

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that massive just floating around in space.

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That's exactly what I was thinking, too.

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And we're actually basing this whole deep dive

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on an article by this physicist Casey Hanmer.

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OK.

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It's called, It's Time to Build the Exoplanet Telescope.

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Catchy.

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And let me tell you, it's a wild ride, this article.

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It really is.

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And the thing that really hooked me

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is that this isn't just some pie in the sky idea.

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He actually gets into the nitty gritty of how

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we could actually do this.

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And with the technology that's being developed right now,

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it's actually maybe within reach.

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Wow.

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OK, so before we get too far ahead of ourselves,

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can you just give us a little telescope 101?

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Why is a bigger telescope better?

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OK, so basically it all boils down to light, right?

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OK.

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So imagine you're trying to catch raindrops,

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but in a bucket.

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OK.

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A bigger bucket is going to catch more rain, right?

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Makes sense.

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Telescopes work kind of the same way, but instead of rain,

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they're collecting light.

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OK.

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From stars, galaxies, all that good cosmic stuff.

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I see.

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And the bigger the mirror, the more light you can gather.

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And that means we can see fainter objects, things

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that are incredibly far away.

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Which is really important when we're talking about exoplanets.

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Right, exactly.

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These are the planets outside of our solar system.

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Yeah, they're so far away and so dim,

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they're really hard to see.

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Yeah.

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And the problem is here on Earth,

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our atmosphere is kind of like trying

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to look through a hazy window.

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Yeah.

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It distorts the light no matter how big we build our telescopes

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here on the ground.

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Ah, I see.

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So we just put them in space then, right?

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Problem solved.

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Well, not so fast.

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Oh.

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Even with space telescopes like Hubble and James Webb,

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we're still limited by what we can physically

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launch into space.

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That makes sense.

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The James Webb telescope with its 6.5 meter mirror

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had to be folded up.

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Wow.

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Like a piece of origami just to fit in the rocket.

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And even then, it barely fit.

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Oh, wow.

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And the cost of launching something that complex

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is astronomical.

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Literally astronomical.

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Literally astronomical.

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OK, so we can't build these infinitely large telescopes

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on Earth.

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All right.

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But what about in space?

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Like, what if we could just build it out there?

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Yeah.

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I'm guessing this is where SpaceX's Starship comes in.

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Got it.

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OK.

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Starship with its massive cargo capacity

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and its much lower launch costs could totally change the game.

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Imagine just launching telescope parts like Legos

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and then assembling them in space.

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Wow.

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That's what Hanwar is proposing.

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Now, that's thinking outside the box or outside the atmosphere,

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I guess.

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Literally, yeah.

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Yeah, wow.

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OK, so I'm really trying to picture this.

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We're launching all these telescope parts into space

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like at some kind of cosmic Lego set.

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But what happens then?

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How do we actually build a kilometer-wide telescope

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in space?

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It's actually pretty mind-blowing

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when you think about it.

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Yeah.

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So Hanwar's idea for this monster scope,

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this kilometer-wide telescope, it

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involves thousands of these smaller hexagonal mirrors,

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each about the size of a bus.

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Wow.

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And they're all launched individually.

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Hold on.

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Wait a second.

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Yeah.

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Bus-sized mirrors.

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Yeah.

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How many buses are we even talking about here?

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Thousands.

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Thousands of buses flying around in space.

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Thousands.

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Yeah, but here's the really cool part.

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OK.

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They're actually designed to basically assemble themselves

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in space.

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What?

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Using this technology called interferometry,

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where basically all these smaller mirrors work together

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to act like one giant mirror.

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So it's not just like one big dish.

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It's like a whole swarm of mirrors all working together.

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Exactly.

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OK.

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Now you're really making my brain sweat trying

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to imagine this.

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I know.

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It's a lot.

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How does that even actually work, then?

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So think about it this way.

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Imagine you're shining like a flashlight

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through a bunch of tiny little holes.

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OK.

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Each hole is going to project like a small little spot

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of light, right?

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Yeah.

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But when you bring all those spots together in the right

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way, they combine to create this single, much brighter image.

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Oh, OK.

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And that's kind of what the monster scopes mirrors

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would do, but with starlight.

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Oh, wow.

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Each one would capture a tiny piece of the light.

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Right.

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And then sophisticated software would combine those pieces

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into one ultra-sharp image.

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Wow, that's incredible.

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And this isn't just like some sci-fi dream, right?

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Like this interferometry thing.

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Is that a real technology?

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It is a real technology.

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We're already using it here on Earth with telescopes,

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like the Very Large Telescope in Chile.

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Oh, really?

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Yeah.

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So each of those telescopes can work independently.

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OK.

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Or they can combine their light to get

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an even greater resolution.

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I see.

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So the monster scope would basically

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be taking that same concept, but to a whole new level.

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OK, so let's say, like, hypothetically,

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we figure out how to launch all these mirrors,

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get them to space, have them play Cosmic LEGO

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and assemble themselves into this monster scope.

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What could we actually do with a telescope that powerful?

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That is the really exciting part.

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With the monster scope, we wouldn't just

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be seeing these points of light anymore.

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Imagine being able to zoom in on those exoplanets.

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OK.

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Like, really zoom in those alien worlds

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that are orbiting other stars.

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We could actually see continents, oceans, maybe even

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cloud formations on these planets.

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Hold on.

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You're saying we could actually see surface details on planets

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that are light years away.

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Yeah.

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Like, if there were aliens out there building

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giant telescopes, we could spot them.

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Theoretically, yes.

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Wow.

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We're talking about being able to resolve features

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on a planet's surface that are just a few hundred kilometers

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across.

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Oh my gosh.

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Imagine looking at Earth and being able to make out

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individual cities.

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You know how you said this would revolutionize astronomy?

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I think you were underselling it a little bit.

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Just a tad.

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This is next level mind blowing.

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Yeah.

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What else could we learn?

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So imagine being able to analyze the light that's

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coming from these planets.

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Right.

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Looking for these signatures of things like water vapor,

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oxygen, methane.

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OK.

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The kinds of things that could indicate the presence of life.

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So this telescope, this monster scope,

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could actually answer one of humanity's oldest questions.

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It's possible.

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Are we alone in the universe?

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That's the big one.

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Now, that's a key takeaway.

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For sure.

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And it's really just scratching the surface.

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We could study the atmospheres of these planets

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in incredible detail, learn about their weather patterns,

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their climates.

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Wow.

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It would be like having a front row seat to these alien worlds.

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This is seriously blowing my mind.

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It's pretty wild.

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And we haven't even talked about what

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this could mean for exploring beyond our own galaxy.

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Exactly.

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Think about it.

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This telescope would be powerful enough

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to study individual stars in distant galaxies.

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Oh, yeah.

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Observe the birth and death of stars in crazy detail.

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Unprecedented detail.

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We could even potentially see back

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to the very early universe, just a few hundred million years

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after the Big Bang.

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Yeah, that's the holy grail right there.

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Wow, just wow.

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I mean, this is almost too much to process a telescope that

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can show us alien cities unravel the mysteries of the Big

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Bang expert speaker.

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It's a lot.

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It sounds like something straight out of Star Trek.

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Yeah, it does a little bit.

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But as cool as all of this sounds,

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we kind of have to talk about the elephant in the room,

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or should I say, like, the monster in space.

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Building something like this, even with Starship,

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has got to be insanely expensive and challenging.

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Oh, absolutely.

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It's a massive undertaking, no doubt about it.

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But here's the thing.

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Hanmore argues that if we can use those same technologies that

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make Starship cheaper and reusable,

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and if we go with this whole modular approach,

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he thinks the cost could actually

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be surprisingly manageable.

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He estimates something like $10 billion for the entire project.

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Wait, hold on.

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$10 billion?

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Yeah.

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That's less than what some countries spend

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on defense in a single year.

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It's true.

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And just think about the return on investment here.

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OK, yeah.

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I mean, we're talking about potentially rewriting textbooks,

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inspiring a whole new generation of scientists,

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maybe even fundamentally changing

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how we understand humanity's place in the cosmos.

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It really does make you think, if we

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can put our minds to this, what else could we achieve?

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Exactly.

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And Hanmore points out something else that's really important.

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A project this big, it would have

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to be a global collaboration.

281
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Oh, yeah.

282
00:08:45,620 --> 00:08:46,580
That's a really good point.

283
00:08:46,580 --> 00:08:48,140
It wouldn't just be a win for science.

284
00:08:48,140 --> 00:08:50,540
It could be something that really brings humanity together.

285
00:08:50,540 --> 00:08:51,100
Right.

286
00:08:51,100 --> 00:08:53,500
Imagine countries all over the world coming together,

287
00:08:53,500 --> 00:08:55,900
pooling their resources, expertise,

288
00:08:55,900 --> 00:09:00,340
to build this amazing tool that would benefit all of humankind.

289
00:09:00,340 --> 00:09:01,660
That's a powerful thought.

290
00:09:01,660 --> 00:09:04,100
It's almost like this monster scope itself

291
00:09:04,100 --> 00:09:07,300
becomes a symbol of what we can do when we work together

292
00:09:07,300 --> 00:09:08,460
towards a common goal.

293
00:09:08,460 --> 00:09:09,060
Absolutely.

294
00:09:09,060 --> 00:09:12,260
It's like this reminder that the biggest challenges, the ones

295
00:09:12,260 --> 00:09:14,500
that seem impossible, those are often the ones that

296
00:09:14,500 --> 00:09:16,100
are most worth tackling.

297
00:09:16,100 --> 00:09:19,020
To sum it all up, we've got this idea for a space telescope

298
00:09:19,020 --> 00:09:23,020
that's so unbelievably ambitious, so out there

299
00:09:23,020 --> 00:09:25,540
that it could actually show us alien cities,

300
00:09:25,540 --> 00:09:27,940
help us unravel the mysteries of the Big Bang,

301
00:09:27,940 --> 00:09:30,700
and maybe even bring humanity a little bit closer together.

302
00:09:30,700 --> 00:09:33,300
All thanks to some really clever engineering,

303
00:09:33,300 --> 00:09:35,660
a whole lot of mirrors, and that drive

304
00:09:35,660 --> 00:09:37,500
to explore the universe around us.

305
00:09:37,500 --> 00:09:38,020
Yeah.

306
00:09:38,020 --> 00:09:39,860
It makes you wonder what else is out there,

307
00:09:39,860 --> 00:09:42,100
what other incredible discoveries are waiting for us

308
00:09:42,100 --> 00:09:43,740
just beyond the horizon.

309
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It really does.

310
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And for anyone listening, we'd love to hear your thoughts.

311
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If you could point the monster scope anywhere in the universe,

312
00:09:50,220 --> 00:09:51,660
where would it be?

313
00:09:51,660 --> 00:09:52,620
Let us know.

314
00:09:52,620 --> 00:09:54,260
This has been an incredible deep dive.

315
00:09:54,260 --> 00:09:55,540
Thanks for joining us.

316
00:09:55,540 --> 00:09:57,420
And until next time, keep looking up.

317
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Thanks for watching.