WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:03.299 We should account the body composition in between 00:00:03.299 --> 00:00:05.980 the weight category to optimize the body composition 00:00:05.980 --> 00:00:10.000 if weightlifters because too much fat mass it's 00:00:10.000 --> 00:00:13.279 no good for best performance at the competition. 00:00:15.210 --> 00:00:17.829 Hi Bartosz, it's my pleasure to have you on the 00:00:17.829 --> 00:00:20.309 Evidence Strong show. If you could briefly introduce 00:00:20.309 --> 00:00:23.370 yourself. Hi Alex, I'm appreciated and thank 00:00:23.370 --> 00:00:26.010 you for inviting me for your show. My name is 00:00:26.010 --> 00:00:28.730 Bartosz Malak. I'm a weightlifting coach at first 00:00:28.730 --> 00:00:33.310 and a scientist at second. My work is dependent 00:00:33.310 --> 00:00:38.149 on my graduation because I graduated in sports. 00:00:38.390 --> 00:00:42.390 Sports in Poland is something mixed about coaching 00:00:42.390 --> 00:00:45.890 and sports sciences program as well. as neurobiology. 00:00:46.009 --> 00:00:49.189 Today we will be talking about young weightlifters, 00:00:49.289 --> 00:00:52.630 youth weightlifters and what are the factors 00:00:52.630 --> 00:00:56.189 that relate to weightlifting performance in young 00:00:56.189 --> 00:00:59.229 athletes. So why this topic? Why this study? 00:00:59.369 --> 00:01:02.909 So first thing what has happened in science mostly 00:01:02.909 --> 00:01:06.629 we find a gray area something gap in knowledge 00:01:06.629 --> 00:01:11.010 about very youth the first stage athletes of 00:01:11.010 --> 00:01:14.609 weightlifting between 13 and 15 years. old and 00:01:14.609 --> 00:01:18.810 we want to we plan to determine whether the sex 00:01:18.810 --> 00:01:22.129 differences in weightlifting performance among 00:01:22.129 --> 00:01:27.109 youth athletes and that can be explained primarily 00:01:27.109 --> 00:01:30.829 by the differences in fat free mass because we 00:01:30.829 --> 00:01:34.650 reading and searching author science paper that 00:01:34.650 --> 00:01:38.489 shows in sprinting performance and the fat free 00:01:38.489 --> 00:01:42.709 mass explain around 80 percent of sex differences 00:01:42.709 --> 00:01:45.760 so You want to check that in weightlifting. Okay. 00:01:45.799 --> 00:01:49.019 So how did you plan the study? As you know, probably 00:01:49.019 --> 00:01:53.219 in science, the power of statistical test is 00:01:53.219 --> 00:01:57.359 very important. And weightlifting, it's not national 00:01:57.359 --> 00:02:00.239 sport in Poland. And I think in the mostly country, 00:02:00.459 --> 00:02:04.340 all around the world. So we want to check something 00:02:04.340 --> 00:02:07.859 in a specific age group. So our study conducted 00:02:07.859 --> 00:02:11.219 two years. We take measurements from the youth 00:02:11.219 --> 00:02:16.199 in 2010. 20 and 2025 because I have assets and 00:02:16.199 --> 00:02:18.680 I am coach so I can planning also the training 00:02:18.680 --> 00:02:22.780 schedule. We taken measurement 10 days before 00:02:22.780 --> 00:02:26.620 the national championship and waiting that's 00:02:26.620 --> 00:02:31.659 long time to engage enough participants. So finally 00:02:31.659 --> 00:02:36.000 in our study, we include 53 competitive youth 00:02:36.000 --> 00:02:40.919 weightlifters, 28 boys and 25 girls were from 00:02:40.919 --> 00:02:44.900 six. labs from Poland and all the participants 00:02:44.900 --> 00:02:48.479 had a minimum one year of experience and train 00:02:48.479 --> 00:02:52.740 at minimum three times per week. So after that, 00:02:52.919 --> 00:02:57.039 we take the measurement and find some correlation 00:02:57.039 --> 00:03:00.919 between what we've taken, that being the anthropometrics, 00:03:01.060 --> 00:03:05.419 physical test, body composition with performance 00:03:05.419 --> 00:03:09.020 10 days later at the national championship and 00:03:09.020 --> 00:03:13.250 what is important to... Underlying is not just 00:03:13.250 --> 00:03:16.710 an experimental study. It's just a snapshot of 00:03:16.710 --> 00:03:20.349 a specific time frame. So we know just correlation 00:03:20.349 --> 00:03:24.330 and the study creates another new question for 00:03:24.330 --> 00:03:28.050 us. Even in higher amount, them get answer to 00:03:28.050 --> 00:03:30.530 us. That's how it is in research. Could I ask 00:03:30.530 --> 00:03:34.330 you why 10 days? Yes, we have two reasons for 00:03:34.330 --> 00:03:37.889 that. First reason is depends of time organization 00:03:37.889 --> 00:03:41.990 of sports camp because... was taken on the sports 00:03:41.990 --> 00:03:45.990 camp and the second time is the time in the training 00:03:45.990 --> 00:03:49.969 schedule that we are after the one day rest and 00:03:49.969 --> 00:03:52.710 starting with a tapering for a national competition 00:03:52.710 --> 00:03:57.009 so the probably the athletes in near the maximal 00:03:57.009 --> 00:04:00.990 performance that 10 days and we don't want to 00:04:00.990 --> 00:04:04.650 interrupt the training process just before the 00:04:04.650 --> 00:04:08.610 championship so we find some compromise between 00:04:09.319 --> 00:04:12.719 what we want to do as scientists and what is 00:04:12.719 --> 00:04:15.599 the best for the athletes and coaches. Right. 00:04:15.699 --> 00:04:19.439 And what you mentioned that you did some anthropometric 00:04:19.439 --> 00:04:22.420 measures. Could you say a little bit more about 00:04:22.420 --> 00:04:24.779 what you measured and what tools did you use? 00:04:24.920 --> 00:04:28.939 So the tools are easy. It's just types, metrics, 00:04:29.259 --> 00:04:33.970 some circles. We've taken almost all... anthropometric 00:04:33.970 --> 00:04:39.050 dimensions that we can take because we not really 00:04:39.050 --> 00:04:43.170 sure which one will be that's fit for the, our 00:04:43.170 --> 00:04:46.089 study. At first we have height, sitting height 00:04:46.089 --> 00:04:48.769 and body mass as well as body composition, because 00:04:48.769 --> 00:04:52.029 it is a main topic about that. Searching in literature, 00:04:52.449 --> 00:04:56.009 we saw that many dimension was measurement in 00:04:56.009 --> 00:04:58.850 the past. However, there is lack of knowledge 00:04:58.850 --> 00:05:01.850 is ratio between the limbs, limbs and trunks. 00:05:01.949 --> 00:05:05.189 So it's another type of measurement or calculation 00:05:05.189 --> 00:05:08.009 from our measurement that we take, as well as 00:05:08.009 --> 00:05:11.410 a skin fold. Also, we have a questionnaire for 00:05:11.410 --> 00:05:15.769 parents about adult day mid -parents height to 00:05:15.769 --> 00:05:19.069 use a predicted adult height based on Camille 00:05:19.069 --> 00:05:22.569 Rocher because 13, 15 years old is quite a specific 00:05:22.569 --> 00:05:26.329 group when the growth spurs can occur. So from 00:05:26.329 --> 00:05:29.730 amount of all athletes, we want to take this 00:05:29.730 --> 00:05:32.689 one that is maturity stats. is on time. It's 00:05:32.689 --> 00:05:35.589 not early or late maturation status. However, 00:05:35.750 --> 00:05:39.189 of times, because it will be much easier to conduct 00:05:39.189 --> 00:05:42.629 another statistical analysis for that. What else 00:05:42.629 --> 00:05:44.910 did you measure? You had some physical tests. 00:05:44.990 --> 00:05:47.870 That's some fun stuff, I assume. What was it? 00:05:48.009 --> 00:05:51.670 The idea was to use the simplest test that coaches 00:05:51.670 --> 00:05:55.110 could perform in the future by themselves. So 00:05:55.110 --> 00:05:58.149 we use hand grip strength. We use quad jump power 00:05:58.149 --> 00:06:01.699 test and isometric mid -type pull. It was the 00:06:01.699 --> 00:06:05.279 three basic tests that we use. And what is more 00:06:05.279 --> 00:06:08.160 tricky for mostly coaches, we adjust results 00:06:08.160 --> 00:06:11.920 from this test to three FADMAS to explain, to 00:06:11.920 --> 00:06:14.920 determine how the three FADMAS also influence 00:06:14.920 --> 00:06:18.120 the results in that specific test. One more thing 00:06:18.120 --> 00:06:21.519 maybe I can add about this subject because we 00:06:21.519 --> 00:06:26.740 want to catch the wider range of sports performance. 00:06:26.959 --> 00:06:31.540 So athletes that participate. In our study, it's 00:06:31.540 --> 00:06:35.259 from the first to third places in range on four 00:06:35.259 --> 00:06:38.019 to eight places at national team and lower than 00:06:38.019 --> 00:06:41.480 eight places. So we have youth athletes from 00:06:41.480 --> 00:06:46.079 really high performance to beginners with one 00:06:46.079 --> 00:06:49.360 year or more experience. However, we don't only 00:06:49.360 --> 00:06:53.139 focus on the high level youth athletes. Okay, 00:06:53.160 --> 00:06:56.180 so you had bigger range of youth. Yeah. You know, 00:06:56.199 --> 00:06:59.420 I had an interview with a researcher last week. 00:06:59.439 --> 00:07:01.839 and that's what we were exactly talking about. 00:07:01.920 --> 00:07:05.319 His research was about relative age effect. So 00:07:05.319 --> 00:07:08.500 how the day or the part, the quarter of the year 00:07:08.500 --> 00:07:11.300 the athlete is born is influencing the performance. 00:07:11.660 --> 00:07:15.660 And what he said is that very rarely the youth 00:07:15.660 --> 00:07:18.839 champions and junior champions become senior 00:07:18.839 --> 00:07:22.620 champions. So it seems like whoever is performing 00:07:22.620 --> 00:07:25.420 very well as a youth athlete in weightlifting, 00:07:25.500 --> 00:07:29.410 for some reason we lose them by... the time they 00:07:29.410 --> 00:07:31.689 get to senior athletes. Would you say that it's 00:07:31.689 --> 00:07:36.709 similar in Poland? Not exactly, because we don't 00:07:36.709 --> 00:07:39.170 have a specific research for Poland. I know the 00:07:39.170 --> 00:07:42.529 research of the relative age effect in weightlifting. 00:07:42.689 --> 00:07:46.050 They exactly show what you mentioned, that the 00:07:46.050 --> 00:07:48.769 most successful athletes at the senior level 00:07:48.769 --> 00:07:51.930 is the first quarter of the year. However, it's 00:07:51.930 --> 00:07:55.790 not observed at the Olympic level. So it is really 00:07:55.790 --> 00:07:58.389 interesting. And I think... Weightlifting in 00:07:58.389 --> 00:08:01.290 Poland, because it's not the school sport, it's 00:08:01.290 --> 00:08:05.589 not the national sport, it's the relative age 00:08:05.589 --> 00:08:10.430 effect. It's not that common because many athletes 00:08:10.430 --> 00:08:13.709 who engage in weightlifting have some experience 00:08:13.709 --> 00:08:17.470 in other sports. They don't reach their success 00:08:17.470 --> 00:08:21.269 in other sports, so they start to train in weightlifting. 00:08:21.350 --> 00:08:25.110 So that's a common way in Poland from where we 00:08:25.110 --> 00:08:28.040 find for when youth athletes engage. in weightlifting 00:08:28.040 --> 00:08:31.639 training. We also want to control that. In our 00:08:31.639 --> 00:08:34.539 study, we have a wide range of athletes born 00:08:34.539 --> 00:08:38.639 in different parts of the year. So our specific 00:08:38.639 --> 00:08:44.100 group didn't show relative age effects. Interesting. 00:08:44.379 --> 00:08:48.320 Even more of athletes engaged in our test is 00:08:48.320 --> 00:08:51.059 in the second and third quarter of the year, 00:08:51.120 --> 00:08:54.460 not from the first. Interesting. Okay. Are we 00:08:54.460 --> 00:08:57.580 ready for the result? We are ready. results so 00:08:57.580 --> 00:09:01.399 how everyone could accept it relative free fat 00:09:01.399 --> 00:09:05.360 mass highly influence the performance it's easy 00:09:05.360 --> 00:09:08.460 and when we have more free fat mass we supposed 00:09:08.460 --> 00:09:12.000 to reach better results also in a physical test 00:09:12.000 --> 00:09:16.220 so what is also obvious boys shows a significantly 00:09:16.220 --> 00:09:19.759 higher absolved strength and performance than 00:09:19.759 --> 00:09:24.100 the girls and as well in in both both sexes free 00:09:24.100 --> 00:09:26.519 fat mass significantly and highly correlated 00:09:26.519 --> 00:09:30.399 with all measurement tests. However, when we 00:09:30.399 --> 00:09:34.139 adjust the results from the competition of results 00:09:34.139 --> 00:09:37.419 of physical tests, the lower body power measured 00:09:37.419 --> 00:09:40.759 by squat jump was the strongest predictor of 00:09:41.159 --> 00:09:45.820 best results and effects and sex depends effects 00:09:45.820 --> 00:09:50.799 in boys is higher than in the girls in all lifts 00:09:50.799 --> 00:09:53.539 in snatch and clean and jerk and combined in 00:09:53.539 --> 00:09:56.559 total as well so fat free mass was correlated 00:09:56.559 --> 00:09:59.779 to weightlifting performance yes and both in 00:09:59.779 --> 00:10:03.340 boys and in girls and for all the lifts yes and 00:10:03.340 --> 00:10:06.700 strongly correlated with performance with in 00:10:06.700 --> 00:10:09.600 boys than in the girls stronger for the boys 00:10:09.600 --> 00:10:12.240 than in the girls And in terms of squat jump? 00:10:12.419 --> 00:10:16.580 Yeah, the squat jumps is the best predictor of 00:10:16.580 --> 00:10:19.100 snatch, clean and jerk and total hazards. However, 00:10:19.240 --> 00:10:22.679 the best predictors when we adjusted it from 00:10:22.679 --> 00:10:28.379 free fat mass. All right. And what is most interesting 00:10:28.379 --> 00:10:32.779 about that, the free fat mass don't explain all 00:10:32.779 --> 00:10:36.460 of the differences between boys and girls. So 00:10:36.460 --> 00:10:40.730 there is another area of... many questions that 00:10:40.730 --> 00:10:45.070 we want to answer we find also one specific things 00:10:45.070 --> 00:10:48.029 for predictor of clean and jerk because waist 00:10:48.029 --> 00:10:52.690 to hip ratio is specific for deadlift and it's 00:10:52.690 --> 00:10:56.409 mostly specific for boys so we can have some 00:10:56.409 --> 00:10:59.149 conclusion from that results that the distribution 00:10:59.149 --> 00:11:03.570 of body mass in the area hip and leg muscle is 00:11:03.570 --> 00:11:06.649 important for specific predictor for clean and 00:11:06.649 --> 00:11:11.230 jerk in between boys and the So I assume that 00:11:11.230 --> 00:11:14.190 it's better to have more muscle in lower limbs 00:11:14.190 --> 00:11:17.129 for weightlifting performance. Yeah, lower body 00:11:17.129 --> 00:11:20.889 muscle mass is much more important than, for 00:11:20.889 --> 00:11:25.470 example, arm mass. However, just some kind of 00:11:25.470 --> 00:11:28.590 assumption based on just two kinds of physical 00:11:28.590 --> 00:11:30.909 tests, because we have just a hand grip strength, 00:11:31.110 --> 00:11:35.990 no full arm functional test. Well, you use the 00:11:35.990 --> 00:11:38.720 tests that actually are practical. and can be 00:11:38.720 --> 00:11:42.139 used in the normal weightlifting gym environment. 00:11:42.299 --> 00:11:45.980 So it is not force plates. It is not complicated 00:11:45.980 --> 00:11:49.419 contraptions where the athlete has to push levers 00:11:49.419 --> 00:11:52.580 and it's measured on force plates. So this is 00:11:52.580 --> 00:11:56.139 something that coach can actually do. Did you 00:11:56.139 --> 00:11:59.000 find anything in relation to the level of the 00:11:59.000 --> 00:12:02.600 athletes? So were there differences between medalists 00:12:02.600 --> 00:12:06.500 and athletes who were just starting or were a 00:12:06.500 --> 00:12:08.860 little bit weaker? in their respective categories? 00:12:09.200 --> 00:12:12.360 So it's hard to ask correctly for your question 00:12:12.360 --> 00:12:14.919 because we suppose that the differences will 00:12:14.919 --> 00:12:17.940 exist. However, it's not the aim of our study 00:12:17.940 --> 00:12:21.799 and we do not conduct a specific calculation 00:12:21.799 --> 00:12:25.539 of that. And we don't have that enough of participants 00:12:25.539 --> 00:12:29.659 in each weight category and even in between medalists 00:12:29.659 --> 00:12:32.539 or non -medalists. We also find something interesting. 00:12:32.799 --> 00:12:35.990 We don't public that data. However, in... Our 00:12:35.990 --> 00:12:40.809 group, the athletes with lower maturity status, 00:12:41.029 --> 00:12:44.350 performance better than the older ones. So it's 00:12:44.350 --> 00:12:48.570 something unusual, but we have some explanation 00:12:48.570 --> 00:12:52.090 for that. I mentioned you that in Poland, weightlifters 00:12:52.090 --> 00:12:55.509 came from other sports and probably less maturity 00:12:55.509 --> 00:12:59.929 youth athletes who don't selection for the team, 00:12:59.990 --> 00:13:03.250 for example, in football, handball or basketball, 00:13:03.649 --> 00:13:08.370 drop out for... from the sports and their possibility 00:13:08.370 --> 00:13:12.049 of movement, possibility of their performance 00:13:12.049 --> 00:13:15.730 is underrated, but that coaches from the team 00:13:15.730 --> 00:13:18.610 sports and stay engaged in weightlifting. And 00:13:18.610 --> 00:13:22.690 that's the reason why they are younger in biological 00:13:22.690 --> 00:13:26.029 maturity point of view. However, perform better 00:13:26.029 --> 00:13:29.649 than the older one for whose weightlifting is 00:13:29.649 --> 00:13:32.730 first sports. Interesting. So weightlifting is 00:13:32.730 --> 00:13:36.200 collecting all the talent. unrecognized Aki we 00:13:36.200 --> 00:13:39.759 won't do that it's one aim for the next year 00:13:39.759 --> 00:13:44.039 for me is or organized in poland some talent 00:13:44.039 --> 00:13:47.120 transfer from the other sports to weightlifting 00:13:47.120 --> 00:13:50.580 because many sports in poland starts in a really 00:13:50.580 --> 00:13:54.440 young age at about six to eight years old child 00:13:54.440 --> 00:13:58.179 engaged in team sports and after few years they 00:13:58.179 --> 00:14:02.519 try to searching for something new and for weightlifting 00:14:02.519 --> 00:14:07.509 11 12 years old is perfect time After everything, 00:14:07.710 --> 00:14:11.029 we should talk about a main message for coaches 00:14:11.029 --> 00:14:13.730 and athletes because the science is important 00:14:13.730 --> 00:14:18.750 when they explain something or give society, 00:14:19.169 --> 00:14:21.690 give the population some practical takeaway. 00:14:22.779 --> 00:14:26.399 so if i have thinking a little bit about that 00:14:26.399 --> 00:14:29.899 what is the practical takeaway one is obviously 00:14:29.899 --> 00:14:33.820 the free fat mass and lower body explosive power 00:14:33.820 --> 00:14:36.399 are crucial for performance in youth weightlifting 00:14:36.399 --> 00:14:41.299 and we know it from the study from the past coaches 00:14:41.299 --> 00:14:44.980 i think should routinely monitor squat jump performance 00:14:44.980 --> 00:14:49.480 and if they can adjust it for free fat mass because 00:14:49.480 --> 00:14:53.620 in youth and low experience athletes the technique 00:14:53.620 --> 00:14:57.419 is not stable so this kind of measurement could 00:14:57.419 --> 00:15:01.700 tell coaches about development pathway of young 00:15:01.700 --> 00:15:07.000 athletes with is not indirectly and is not technique 00:15:07.000 --> 00:15:10.940 dependent and so it's a nice monitor for a progress 00:15:10.940 --> 00:15:14.639 this is a hard and tricky question because we 00:15:14.639 --> 00:15:17.279 know a little bit that the training should be 00:15:17.279 --> 00:15:21.379 sex specific however it's hard to give the final 00:15:21.379 --> 00:15:24.519 conclusion about what kind of differences that 00:15:24.519 --> 00:15:28.019 they should incorporate in their training program 00:15:28.019 --> 00:15:33.600 but i think the girls should more work on the 00:15:33.600 --> 00:15:37.899 upper body strength and as well they can more 00:15:37.899 --> 00:15:42.240 focus on technique development because in boys 00:15:42.240 --> 00:15:45.879 the higher amount of body or muscle mass and 00:15:45.879 --> 00:15:49.659 higher amount of strength could be the most important 00:15:49.659 --> 00:15:52.580 factor of weightlifting performance. Yeah, I 00:15:52.580 --> 00:15:57.100 think also it's important. It also indirectly 00:15:57.100 --> 00:16:00.840 came for our study. We should account the body 00:16:00.840 --> 00:16:03.620 composition in between the weight category to 00:16:03.620 --> 00:16:06.159 optimize the body composition if you're weightlifters. 00:16:06.279 --> 00:16:10.659 Because too much fat mass, it's no good for best 00:16:10.659 --> 00:16:13.419 performance at the competition. Do you manipulate 00:16:13.419 --> 00:16:16.110 body mass? for youth weightlifters or you just 00:16:16.110 --> 00:16:20.330 let them grow and then worry about muscle mass 00:16:20.330 --> 00:16:23.389 later? We don't manipulate that with body mass, 00:16:23.549 --> 00:16:26.750 especially when we want to decrease the mass. 00:16:26.850 --> 00:16:29.990 However, we educated about how their nutrition 00:16:29.990 --> 00:16:32.610 should look like. We have some lectures for youth 00:16:32.610 --> 00:16:35.529 athletes. We talk with youth athletes because 00:16:35.529 --> 00:16:39.929 to have nutrition, choose the proper food behavior 00:16:39.929 --> 00:16:45.649 is the most important thing. beginning we don't 00:16:45.649 --> 00:16:48.590 really know who from the pool of youth athletes 00:16:48.590 --> 00:16:53.250 will be the next champion so we thinking mostly 00:16:53.250 --> 00:16:57.490 about education now push the athletes to manipulate 00:16:57.490 --> 00:17:01.610 their weight however in Some part in older group 00:17:01.610 --> 00:17:04.930 between under 17 years old when we talk about 00:17:04.930 --> 00:17:09.029 national and European championship. If we need 00:17:09.029 --> 00:17:13.150 to regulate about 2 -3 % of body mass, we do 00:17:13.150 --> 00:17:15.490 that. I see. Okay, I have two more questions. 00:17:15.549 --> 00:17:18.730 The short ones. The first one is what is your 00:17:18.730 --> 00:17:21.630 favorite lift? Snatch or clean and jerk? Snatch, 00:17:21.650 --> 00:17:24.309 definitely snatch. Why is that? Two things. It's 00:17:24.309 --> 00:17:28.150 smooth. And when you try to lift your personal 00:17:28.150 --> 00:17:31.970 best in snatch, it could be like a light load. 00:17:32.150 --> 00:17:34.390 And compared to the clean and jerk, when you 00:17:34.390 --> 00:17:38.049 aim to your personal best, it's always heavy. 00:17:38.269 --> 00:17:40.450 That's true. All right. And the last question 00:17:40.450 --> 00:17:43.150 is where people can find you if they want to 00:17:43.150 --> 00:17:45.789 follow what you do or ask a question, where should 00:17:45.789 --> 00:17:49.150 they go online? The best way to find me is just 00:17:49.150 --> 00:17:53.269 searching on Google, my email address, or I have 00:17:53.269 --> 00:17:56.329 account on research. gate. I have noticed on 00:17:56.329 --> 00:17:59.769 my phone from research gate. However, I not checked 00:17:59.769 --> 00:18:02.670 every day message from that. So I think the email 00:18:02.670 --> 00:18:06.250 is the best way that people can find me and can 00:18:06.250 --> 00:18:08.609 contact with me. Awesome. Thank you so much, 00:18:08.609 --> 00:18:10.450 Bartosz, and all the best for your research. 00:18:10.690 --> 00:18:11.170 Thank you.