WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:01.399 Whether you're a sports scientist, streaming 00:00:01.399 --> 00:00:04.019 conditioning coach, or the actual weightlifting 00:00:04.019 --> 00:00:06.259 coach, which has probably a broader role, or 00:00:06.259 --> 00:00:08.460 if you play all of those roles, put the athlete 00:00:08.460 --> 00:00:12.859 first and prioritize them and your relationship 00:00:12.859 --> 00:00:15.339 with them. While I could have easily gotten tied 00:00:15.339 --> 00:00:18.640 up with the data being, you know, quite analytical 00:00:18.640 --> 00:00:21.620 and objective individual, my role in this was 00:00:21.620 --> 00:00:25.239 to be a coach first and to make sure the athlete 00:00:25.239 --> 00:00:27.539 is comfortable and they are part of this decision 00:00:27.539 --> 00:00:31.300 -making process of the programming. Hi, Sham. 00:00:31.379 --> 00:00:33.140 It's my pleasure to have you on Evidence Strong 00:00:33.140 --> 00:00:35.479 Show for the fourth time. It's very weird to 00:00:35.479 --> 00:00:37.579 ask you, but please briefly introduce yourself. 00:00:37.840 --> 00:00:40.420 Well, again, firstly, thank you very much for 00:00:40.420 --> 00:00:42.840 having me on for the fourth time. So my name 00:00:42.840 --> 00:00:46.039 is Sham Chavda. I'm a program lead for the Masters 00:00:46.039 --> 00:00:47.880 of Strength and Conditioning, Distance Education 00:00:47.880 --> 00:00:51.200 and Middlesex University. I'm also the lead performance 00:00:51.200 --> 00:00:53.280 scientist at British Weightlifting. Awesome. 00:00:53.380 --> 00:00:56.039 And you have written a paper, another one, about 00:00:56.039 --> 00:00:59.600 preparing an athlete for Tokyo Olympics. So that's 00:00:59.600 --> 00:01:02.280 what we are. talking about. It's a case study, 00:01:02.500 --> 00:01:05.819 quite detailed, so I'm excited for you to go 00:01:05.819 --> 00:01:08.659 through it and explain. Let's start with what 00:01:08.659 --> 00:01:11.560 was the plan and what the issues you were facing. 00:01:11.900 --> 00:01:14.480 Yeah, so I think the first thing to highlight 00:01:14.480 --> 00:01:17.939 is there's definitely a paucity of research on 00:01:17.939 --> 00:01:20.260 the leak. individuals because they're so hard 00:01:20.260 --> 00:01:23.799 to come by right and particularly like longitudinal 00:01:23.799 --> 00:01:27.060 case studies on elite individuals becomes even 00:01:27.060 --> 00:01:30.459 harder and there's not a lot of case study research 00:01:30.459 --> 00:01:33.799 that has been published and to be able to contribute 00:01:34.329 --> 00:01:37.609 to that is is obviously quite an honor so i think 00:01:37.609 --> 00:01:40.430 it's important that case studies do get published 00:01:40.430 --> 00:01:43.769 particularly at the elite level because it gives 00:01:43.769 --> 00:01:47.290 people doing like influential statistical research 00:01:47.290 --> 00:01:49.370 so like the typical research you read gives them 00:01:49.370 --> 00:01:51.950 almost benchmarks and it gives them something 00:01:51.950 --> 00:01:55.890 to to refer to but it also provides people with 00:01:55.890 --> 00:02:00.689 a very candid outlook on what life is like outside 00:02:00.689 --> 00:02:03.849 of the lab and when you are working with an athlete 00:02:03.849 --> 00:02:07.150 and the barriers that you will face within the 00:02:07.150 --> 00:02:10.139 elite environment so I think that was kind of 00:02:10.139 --> 00:02:15.259 the primary target for this paper was to give 00:02:15.259 --> 00:02:18.419 that level of insight and also to present maybe 00:02:18.419 --> 00:02:20.780 a slightly different way of analysing information 00:02:20.780 --> 00:02:24.080 to determine whether athletes are getting better 00:02:24.080 --> 00:02:26.620 or worse. And that was all within the context 00:02:26.620 --> 00:02:30.539 of quite a well -known barrier of COVID. And 00:02:30.539 --> 00:02:34.020 on top of that, the additional barrier of being 00:02:34.020 --> 00:02:37.020 a refugee athlete. So somebody who is outside 00:02:37.020 --> 00:02:40.680 of a... normative system that operates in a way 00:02:40.680 --> 00:02:43.500 which isn't you need to qualify via this route 00:02:43.500 --> 00:02:46.400 but have a very different route to the olympics 00:02:46.400 --> 00:02:49.659 okay so this this is the why of the study and 00:02:49.659 --> 00:02:53.340 now in terms of these going to this plan so you 00:02:53.340 --> 00:02:57.360 had almost three years to prepare for the olympics 00:02:57.360 --> 00:03:00.400 what was the plan at the beginning and it ended 00:03:00.400 --> 00:03:02.639 up being different obviously yeah it's a really 00:03:02.639 --> 00:03:05.419 good question i was trying to take my myself 00:03:05.419 --> 00:03:09.740 back to that time period I think it wasn't three 00:03:09.740 --> 00:03:13.039 years to prepare for the Olympics. I wish we 00:03:13.039 --> 00:03:15.259 had that long because there was so much uncertainty 00:03:15.259 --> 00:03:19.530 and that uncertainty came from. One, not being 00:03:19.530 --> 00:03:23.270 within an organization to take the typical qualification 00:03:23.270 --> 00:03:26.889 route, not being able to go to any international 00:03:26.889 --> 00:03:32.150 events, not formally knowing whether he was on 00:03:32.150 --> 00:03:35.509 the refugee Olympic team. So, you know, the selection 00:03:35.509 --> 00:03:39.129 occurred maybe about three months prior to us 00:03:39.129 --> 00:03:41.330 going out. And then you've got the pandemic. 00:03:41.900 --> 00:03:43.379 in between all of that as well. So there was 00:03:43.379 --> 00:03:46.199 so much uncertainty. And I think that just adds, 00:03:46.300 --> 00:03:49.319 I feel like coaches know this intuitively anyway, 00:03:49.560 --> 00:03:51.699 but you need to have flexibility and fluidity 00:03:51.699 --> 00:03:54.099 in your plan, right? But if you don't plan, you 00:03:54.099 --> 00:03:56.460 plan to fail. So you need to have some form of 00:03:56.460 --> 00:04:00.039 structure. So the first thing was we were focusing 00:04:00.039 --> 00:04:04.699 on domestic competitions and, you know, breaking 00:04:04.699 --> 00:04:07.740 national records and just self -improvement and 00:04:07.740 --> 00:04:10.719 continually pushing this individual's own personal 00:04:10.719 --> 00:04:13.159 barriers. Could you explain a little bit what 00:04:13.159 --> 00:04:15.840 a refugee status is? A refugee is someone that's 00:04:15.840 --> 00:04:18.500 fled their country for whatever reason, right? 00:04:18.579 --> 00:04:21.139 And they're unable to return because it might 00:04:21.139 --> 00:04:23.560 be dangerous or again, for whatever political 00:04:23.560 --> 00:04:27.579 reason. So without getting too political, and 00:04:27.579 --> 00:04:30.040 again, I'm not someone that has a great depth 00:04:30.040 --> 00:04:32.120 of knowledge on this. The athlete himself is 00:04:32.120 --> 00:04:35.519 now, you know, sits on many boards around a refugee 00:04:35.519 --> 00:04:37.759 athlete representation. So he's definitely a 00:04:37.759 --> 00:04:40.629 better go -to person. But essentially... If you 00:04:40.629 --> 00:04:44.089 are a refugee, you will not have a passport of 00:04:44.089 --> 00:04:47.730 the country that you've fled to, right? So therefore 00:04:47.730 --> 00:04:50.050 you're not a citizen. And different countries 00:04:50.050 --> 00:04:52.370 have different timeframes until you can sit the 00:04:52.370 --> 00:04:55.009 citizen test to be able to obtain your citizenship. 00:04:55.149 --> 00:04:57.529 During this period, he was not a British citizen, 00:04:57.810 --> 00:05:01.949 but he was... I think it's called Remain to Leave. 00:05:02.089 --> 00:05:04.470 So he could travel with a travel documentation. 00:05:04.569 --> 00:05:08.149 Now he had a membership with our national gardening 00:05:08.149 --> 00:05:10.709 body, which is British Weightlifting. So therefore 00:05:10.709 --> 00:05:13.790 he could compete at domestic competitions, such 00:05:13.790 --> 00:05:16.490 as regional events, and then our national events, 00:05:16.490 --> 00:05:18.449 such as our English and British championships. 00:05:18.829 --> 00:05:22.829 What wasn't clear by then, which is starting 00:05:22.829 --> 00:05:25.310 to have a lot more clarity now for those that 00:05:25.310 --> 00:05:29.240 do. watch the international events. The IWF, 00:05:29.240 --> 00:05:32.120 EWF, Commonwealth Federation didn't really have 00:05:32.120 --> 00:05:36.519 a stance on accommodating refugee athletes at 00:05:36.519 --> 00:05:39.319 those competitions because they weren't assigned 00:05:39.319 --> 00:05:43.519 to a specific country in that respect. So that 00:05:43.519 --> 00:05:46.180 has now changed for the positive, of course, 00:05:46.199 --> 00:05:49.459 but that's essentially where we were at back 00:05:49.459 --> 00:05:53.500 in 2018 onwards. So hopefully that clears things 00:05:53.500 --> 00:05:56.040 up a little bit there. The planning was around 00:05:56.040 --> 00:05:58.620 more domestic competitions. And then as soon 00:05:58.620 --> 00:06:01.300 as we found out there may be an opportunity or 00:06:01.300 --> 00:06:03.720 he's in a pool of athletes that may get selected 00:06:03.720 --> 00:06:07.759 to be a representative of the refugee team at 00:06:07.759 --> 00:06:10.939 the Olympics, I suppose we made, we didn't make 00:06:10.939 --> 00:06:13.620 the assumption he was already selected, but we 00:06:13.620 --> 00:06:17.300 prepared for best case scenario because everything 00:06:17.300 --> 00:06:21.550 else in between didn't really have a... a huge 00:06:21.550 --> 00:06:23.509 amount of meaning because they weren't qualifiable 00:06:23.509 --> 00:06:26.149 events so you didn't need to hit certain numbers 00:06:26.149 --> 00:06:29.509 all we needed to know is right if you are going 00:06:29.509 --> 00:06:32.810 to the olympics if you are selected we need you 00:06:32.810 --> 00:06:35.250 to be in the best shape possible at that time 00:06:35.250 --> 00:06:37.949 point if you are not selected it is what it is 00:06:37.949 --> 00:06:41.129 but at least we've trained for you to be at your 00:06:41.129 --> 00:06:44.230 best physical ability during that period and 00:06:44.230 --> 00:06:46.250 that just comes down to you know general understanding 00:06:46.250 --> 00:06:49.350 the periodization right of making sure we set 00:06:49.350 --> 00:06:54.220 up on macro cycle. to the peak for the main event 00:06:54.220 --> 00:06:56.519 and often not you'll have main events within 00:06:56.519 --> 00:06:59.560 that time frame that you need to kind of hit 00:06:59.560 --> 00:07:03.939 as a benchmark maybe or a qualifier etc because 00:07:03.939 --> 00:07:06.139 we didn't have that we just set our own ones 00:07:06.139 --> 00:07:09.019 in between that time period of finding out there's 00:07:09.019 --> 00:07:11.459 a possibility through to actually being at the 00:07:11.459 --> 00:07:14.620 games and we should also mention that not only 00:07:14.620 --> 00:07:18.220 you didn't know but also the Olympics were moved 00:07:18.220 --> 00:07:22.040 a year in the play through too so Let's keep 00:07:22.040 --> 00:07:24.639 that in mind. How you decided to monitor, how 00:07:24.639 --> 00:07:27.319 you decided to plan? We looked at... specific 00:07:27.319 --> 00:07:30.980 neuromuscular measures so these related to jump 00:07:30.980 --> 00:07:33.300 metrics or counter movement jump metrics collected 00:07:33.300 --> 00:07:37.120 on force plate as well as isometric mid -bipole 00:07:37.120 --> 00:07:41.480 and these were collected in the within the first 00:07:41.480 --> 00:07:44.939 five days following a competition and you may 00:07:44.939 --> 00:07:47.339 think well why i've done it after not in the 00:07:47.339 --> 00:07:49.920 week of or the lead up but actually there's there's 00:07:49.920 --> 00:07:52.500 a psychological part to that in that we opted 00:07:52.500 --> 00:07:56.230 to do it after because one We didn't want testing 00:07:56.230 --> 00:08:00.029 to be a potential barrier of him having to be 00:08:00.029 --> 00:08:05.110 well rested and to not influence the test results, 00:08:05.290 --> 00:08:08.029 especially during a taper, right? Yes. Which 00:08:08.029 --> 00:08:10.670 is somewhat counterintuitive because most people 00:08:10.670 --> 00:08:14.029 would use those. tests during a taper right but 00:08:14.029 --> 00:08:16.870 also as the person who's doing the testing and 00:08:16.870 --> 00:08:19.610 as a person who's making the decisions of what 00:08:19.610 --> 00:08:21.930 goes on the bar and coaching the individual and 00:08:21.930 --> 00:08:26.029 also knowing the individual if for whatever reason 00:08:26.029 --> 00:08:28.790 the neuromuscular performance testing was done 00:08:28.790 --> 00:08:32.210 the week of prior to get into competition if 00:08:32.210 --> 00:08:35.000 that testing went down What psychological impact 00:08:35.000 --> 00:08:37.419 would that have on that individual going into 00:08:37.419 --> 00:08:39.799 competition? Would they then start to question, 00:08:39.899 --> 00:08:42.659 you know, am I feeling strong enough? And there's 00:08:42.659 --> 00:08:45.730 potential to put doubt in their head. And then 00:08:45.730 --> 00:08:48.210 as a coach, it makes me think, well, I thought 00:08:48.210 --> 00:08:50.450 the programming went really well. Why is it not 00:08:50.450 --> 00:08:52.629 being reflected here? And does that then sit 00:08:52.629 --> 00:08:54.210 in your back of your mind when you select the 00:08:54.210 --> 00:08:56.450 weights? Am I going to go up five kilos or am 00:08:56.450 --> 00:08:58.169 I now going to be more conservative? Because 00:08:58.169 --> 00:09:01.669 in the back of my mind, I know that his ballistic 00:09:01.669 --> 00:09:04.710 force is dropped by a significant amount and 00:09:04.710 --> 00:09:07.690 peak force in the pull is dropped down. Oh, maybe 00:09:07.690 --> 00:09:10.129 I should only jump up by two kilos, you know? 00:09:10.649 --> 00:09:12.889 And I wanted to avoid that. And I think putting 00:09:12.889 --> 00:09:16.090 it directly after competition, once he's had 00:09:16.090 --> 00:09:18.809 one or two days rest, he's not going to be detrained 00:09:18.809 --> 00:09:21.009 in that time period. So it still gives a really 00:09:21.009 --> 00:09:24.649 nice reflection of the physical state he was 00:09:24.649 --> 00:09:27.110 in going into that competition. But it also now 00:09:27.110 --> 00:09:29.789 allows me to use that information to come up 00:09:29.789 --> 00:09:32.269 with the next training block. So that was how 00:09:32.269 --> 00:09:35.509 we kind of did the testing, the neuromuscular 00:09:35.509 --> 00:09:38.610 testing. Unfortunately, we only did that for... 00:09:39.080 --> 00:09:42.269 three time points because following that the 00:09:42.269 --> 00:09:45.210 pandemic hit and we just lost all accessibility. 00:09:45.629 --> 00:09:47.669 If these competitions would be very important 00:09:47.669 --> 00:09:50.789 and let's say these would be the bronze, silver 00:09:50.789 --> 00:09:54.409 or gold events for, would you be tempted then 00:09:54.409 --> 00:09:57.570 to do the testing before the competition or you 00:09:57.570 --> 00:10:00.149 would still not implement it? Well, actually, 00:10:00.230 --> 00:10:02.970 this is something we've begun to implement with 00:10:02.970 --> 00:10:06.429 our world -class program at British Weightlifting 00:10:06.429 --> 00:10:09.690 is we may not do the isometric mid -thigh pull, 00:10:09.769 --> 00:10:13.919 but we would use the jump. as a proxy of neuromuscular 00:10:13.919 --> 00:10:16.120 readiness because we know propulsive impulse 00:10:16.120 --> 00:10:18.639 is highly related to weightlifting performance. 00:10:19.019 --> 00:10:21.700 We also know that it's incredibly sensitive to 00:10:21.700 --> 00:10:24.899 change as well. Doing a jump is far easier. It's 00:10:24.899 --> 00:10:27.340 less taxing for the athlete. So it doesn't feel 00:10:27.340 --> 00:10:30.600 like they're having to do extra tests. So we 00:10:30.600 --> 00:10:34.000 actually have a really nice case of an athlete 00:10:34.000 --> 00:10:37.580 preparing for a, I'm going to say, I think it 00:10:37.580 --> 00:10:40.720 was a World Juniors. And, you know, we had that. 00:10:40.779 --> 00:10:44.100 individual's jumps during the general prep phase 00:10:44.100 --> 00:10:48.080 we see it then during specific phase we then 00:10:48.080 --> 00:10:50.799 see it during the taper it drops off and then 00:10:50.799 --> 00:10:53.700 actually we're very fortunate force plates were 00:10:53.700 --> 00:10:57.120 available i think two days prior to this individual 00:10:57.120 --> 00:11:00.649 lifting so like well just just go jump on the 00:11:00.649 --> 00:11:03.610 same plates as well that we have so they did 00:11:03.610 --> 00:11:06.049 their jump sent it across we had a look at it 00:11:06.049 --> 00:11:08.049 and there was this really nice super compensation 00:11:08.049 --> 00:11:10.409 and then there was a medal followed by that so 00:11:10.409 --> 00:11:12.690 for us it was like the perfect picture which 00:11:12.690 --> 00:11:16.879 often isn't always the case right so based on 00:11:16.879 --> 00:11:19.139 your question would i do anything different yes 00:11:19.139 --> 00:11:20.600 we are doing something different we're actually 00:11:20.600 --> 00:11:22.759 simplifying but that also brings me on to the 00:11:22.759 --> 00:11:25.559 other stuff that we measured it is pivoting and 00:11:25.559 --> 00:11:29.879 using the node sensor which we can measure barbell 00:11:29.879 --> 00:11:33.320 velocity vertical velocity so later on in the 00:11:33.320 --> 00:11:36.039 paper where especially we had to travel you know 00:11:36.039 --> 00:11:38.960 for holding camps etc taking force pace might 00:11:38.960 --> 00:11:41.840 not always be that easy but taking a little sensor 00:11:41.840 --> 00:11:44.620 you can put in your pocket is is far easier so 00:11:44.620 --> 00:11:48.019 for this case study we utilize that during our 00:11:48.019 --> 00:11:52.480 holding camp and in the taper going into competition. 00:11:52.679 --> 00:11:55.500 And we can see from one of the figures, figure 00:11:55.500 --> 00:11:59.460 number six, the blocks leading up to the last 00:11:59.460 --> 00:12:02.240 block, you can see there's a natural fluctuation 00:12:02.240 --> 00:12:07.120 in barbell vertical velocity. Then it drops off 00:12:07.120 --> 00:12:10.299 quite significantly. And then it starts to bounce 00:12:10.299 --> 00:12:12.519 back up. By the end of the last block, you know, 00:12:12.519 --> 00:12:15.700 we've got this super compensation. The same weight 00:12:15.700 --> 00:12:18.779 was used for this measurement of vertical velocity. 00:12:18.980 --> 00:12:22.039 And the assumption is if, and the literature 00:12:22.039 --> 00:12:24.820 supports this, that same weight is moving faster, 00:12:24.940 --> 00:12:26.840 there's been some positive physical adaptation 00:12:26.840 --> 00:12:30.159 that's occurred. And that's noted in that figure, 00:12:30.279 --> 00:12:33.179 figure six. So just to wrap up, for the first 00:12:33.179 --> 00:12:38.259 part, so the pre -COVID era of training, you... 00:12:38.379 --> 00:12:41.340 You used counter -movement jump and isometric 00:12:41.340 --> 00:12:44.200 mid -type pull. Did you use sensor too then for 00:12:44.200 --> 00:12:47.480 the velocity? You didn't. So you used force plates. 00:12:47.700 --> 00:12:51.840 And then COVID hit. Correct. I'm trying to think 00:12:51.840 --> 00:12:54.879 where the camp you were speaking of took place. 00:12:55.179 --> 00:12:58.460 Yep. So we traveled. There's actually quite a 00:12:58.460 --> 00:13:01.460 bit of stuff that influenced some of the decisions 00:13:01.460 --> 00:13:04.419 that I couldn't put in the case study for two 00:13:04.419 --> 00:13:06.120 reasons. One, it probably wouldn't have been 00:13:06.120 --> 00:13:09.100 relevant for a scientific journal. And two, there 00:13:09.100 --> 00:13:11.480 just wouldn't simply be enough word count. But 00:13:11.480 --> 00:13:14.019 actually, so we had a holding camp maybe a couple 00:13:14.019 --> 00:13:16.340 of weeks, a couple of weeks, I think a week or 00:13:16.340 --> 00:13:19.399 so before games started. Two weeks before the 00:13:19.399 --> 00:13:21.659 game started. Apologies. A few days were meant 00:13:21.659 --> 00:13:26.340 to be spent in Qatar where the team met because 00:13:26.340 --> 00:13:28.019 it had been the first time you got all these 00:13:28.019 --> 00:13:30.159 refugee athletes. You know, it's quite a big 00:13:30.159 --> 00:13:33.700 thing for the IOC as well. So that'd been the 00:13:33.700 --> 00:13:36.240 first time the team met. And then people were 00:13:36.240 --> 00:13:39.200 going to be sent off to different locations within 00:13:39.200 --> 00:13:42.740 Japan that suited their sport and their training. 00:13:43.080 --> 00:13:46.240 So, I mean, we were going to be sent to, I think 00:13:46.240 --> 00:13:48.460 it was Wasada University, where there has been 00:13:48.460 --> 00:13:50.200 some weightlifting research published in the 00:13:50.200 --> 00:13:52.559 past. And we were really excited. I particularly 00:13:52.559 --> 00:13:54.460 was very excited to go there. They were hosting 00:13:54.460 --> 00:13:58.120 us. However, because of... COVID complications. 00:13:58.460 --> 00:14:01.700 We had an extended stay out in Qatar and we didn't 00:14:01.700 --> 00:14:05.080 get that opportunity. Also, during that period 00:14:05.080 --> 00:14:07.580 we were in Qatar, we didn't have access to a 00:14:07.580 --> 00:14:12.500 Benz bar. Oh. Yep. Which is often unknown considering 00:14:12.500 --> 00:14:14.899 we're in probably the world's, one of the world's 00:14:14.899 --> 00:14:16.759 greatest facilities for streaming conditioning. 00:14:17.000 --> 00:14:19.679 So I'm not sure if there's any videos of it anywhere. 00:14:19.919 --> 00:14:22.750 Maybe the athletes posted it itself, but. De 00:14:22.750 --> 00:14:25.049 -intensification week, where we wanted to push 00:14:25.049 --> 00:14:27.649 the intensity prior to getting into the table. 00:14:28.450 --> 00:14:30.549 Snatches and clean and jerks were having to be 00:14:30.549 --> 00:14:32.289 done in a learning spa, which you can imagine 00:14:32.289 --> 00:14:36.590 for a mid -heavyweight athlete was less than 00:14:36.590 --> 00:14:38.769 optimal, particularly with the barbell whip. 00:14:38.970 --> 00:14:43.389 So the timing was often a factor. In addition 00:14:43.389 --> 00:14:46.830 to that, we didn't really get access to a gym, 00:14:46.850 --> 00:14:50.480 I think. maybe quite a few days after we found 00:14:50.480 --> 00:14:52.899 out we had to stay there in Qatar for a certain 00:14:52.899 --> 00:14:56.440 duration. So there were a lot of spanners in 00:14:56.440 --> 00:14:59.220 the work. And I think at that point as a coach, 00:14:59.259 --> 00:15:03.019 my priority wasn't of how am I going to implement 00:15:03.019 --> 00:15:05.980 X training and that training. The first thing 00:15:05.980 --> 00:15:08.879 was make the athlete feel at ease. Like, you 00:15:08.879 --> 00:15:11.960 know, don't worry. use this opportunity to just 00:15:11.960 --> 00:15:15.539 just rest and leave it to me to figure out where 00:15:15.539 --> 00:15:18.000 we can train how we can train and i'll adapt 00:15:18.000 --> 00:15:20.419 the training in a way that allows you to get 00:15:20.419 --> 00:15:23.220 the best out of it even under suboptimal conditions 00:15:23.220 --> 00:15:25.980 so that was a big yeah that was a really big 00:15:25.980 --> 00:15:28.159 spanner in the works that i don't think many 00:15:28.159 --> 00:15:30.889 people would have would have known about but 00:15:30.889 --> 00:15:34.230 adapted as he does as all elite athletes do incredibly 00:15:34.230 --> 00:15:37.889 well so this is the calling it when the how did 00:15:37.889 --> 00:15:40.809 you call it suboptimal oh that was a generous 00:15:40.809 --> 00:15:46.629 name yeah it's uh yeah but it was okay once we 00:15:46.629 --> 00:15:50.269 got once we got to the the village training was 00:15:50.269 --> 00:15:53.289 back to normal and that was uh that was good 00:15:53.289 --> 00:15:56.899 so So when did you get to the village? It was 00:15:56.899 --> 00:15:58.559 right at the start. So we would have been there 00:15:58.559 --> 00:16:00.960 a few days before the opening ceremony. So we 00:16:00.960 --> 00:16:03.840 were there the whole time, essentially. So we 00:16:03.840 --> 00:16:06.480 had a good, I think, a good couple of weeks, 00:16:06.519 --> 00:16:08.820 maybe just under a couple of weeks of training, 00:16:08.860 --> 00:16:11.740 about 10 days of training. And obviously within 00:16:11.740 --> 00:16:14.299 that time frame, the idea wasn't to train as 00:16:14.299 --> 00:16:17.460 much as possible. Good intensity, good lifting, 00:16:17.679 --> 00:16:21.000 and focus on recovery as a taper would, right? 00:16:21.100 --> 00:16:23.879 Yeah. So we talked about the pre -COVID, where 00:16:23.879 --> 00:16:26.519 the domestic competitions were, and we talked 00:16:26.519 --> 00:16:29.679 a little bit about the post -COVID. So when the 00:16:29.679 --> 00:16:32.559 athlete was selected for Tokyo and you know that 00:16:32.559 --> 00:16:35.500 you are going, you had Qatar come and then landed 00:16:35.500 --> 00:16:39.750 in Japan. Between these two, is this another 00:16:39.750 --> 00:16:45.690 huge suboptimal and unplanned time where you've 00:16:45.690 --> 00:16:48.070 been training, but it was a different training 00:16:48.070 --> 00:16:50.769 because it was COVID time and lockdowns and so 00:16:50.769 --> 00:16:54.549 on. So let's talk a little bit about that. Sure. 00:16:54.610 --> 00:17:00.059 Yeah. So another interesting. complexity to this 00:17:00.059 --> 00:17:02.100 case study is that the athlete was actually a 00:17:02.100 --> 00:17:04.900 key worker over covid so not only was he an elite 00:17:04.900 --> 00:17:07.259 athlete not only did he have the barrier of being 00:17:07.259 --> 00:17:09.799 a refugee and the representation being an issue 00:17:09.799 --> 00:17:13.000 into other international competitions but he's 00:17:13.000 --> 00:17:16.359 also a mental health nurse so and it just i believe 00:17:16.359 --> 00:17:19.240 he just finished university but he was still 00:17:19.240 --> 00:17:22.900 studying as part of being a nurse so he was a 00:17:22.900 --> 00:17:26.569 key worker and for anyone you know that was the 00:17:26.569 --> 00:17:28.869 that was a key worker with no it seemed incredibly 00:17:28.869 --> 00:17:32.910 difficult there's a lot of commitment so at that 00:17:32.910 --> 00:17:35.589 stage he was a dual career athlete i suppose 00:17:35.589 --> 00:17:37.869 would be the best way to describe it so what 00:17:37.869 --> 00:17:41.869 we did we're very fortunate that The university, 00:17:42.130 --> 00:17:45.289 so Middlesex University, were incredibly supportive 00:17:45.289 --> 00:17:50.170 and they provided some equipment. The athlete 00:17:50.170 --> 00:17:52.809 was also to source equipment from elsewhere as 00:17:52.809 --> 00:17:55.990 well. I had some equipment I also gave him that 00:17:55.990 --> 00:17:59.890 he could just keep at his house. Now, space is 00:17:59.890 --> 00:18:03.519 a commodity in London. So he had to train in 00:18:03.519 --> 00:18:06.380 his garden. So that would then be dictated by 00:18:06.380 --> 00:18:09.559 the weather we have as well. So during the summer 00:18:09.559 --> 00:18:11.819 periods, you know, you could get some good training 00:18:11.819 --> 00:18:14.279 and during winter became a little bit more difficult. 00:18:14.420 --> 00:18:18.319 So during this COVID period, the idea, and you 00:18:18.319 --> 00:18:22.160 can see from the paper, there was quite a significant 00:18:22.160 --> 00:18:25.619 increase in the tonnage that was done. So the 00:18:25.619 --> 00:18:29.680 volume load, so sets, reps, multiplied by the 00:18:29.680 --> 00:18:33.230 load. And the reason being. is because it had 00:18:33.230 --> 00:18:36.190 been too risky to push the intensity. So if you're 00:18:36.190 --> 00:18:39.769 lifting on an MDF board on a patio, which might 00:18:39.769 --> 00:18:42.950 not be even, or on grass or ground that might 00:18:42.950 --> 00:18:45.650 not be even, you run the risk of injury. During 00:18:45.650 --> 00:18:49.829 this time, he also had a couple of injuries that 00:18:49.829 --> 00:18:52.269 he was nursing and didn't stop him from training, 00:18:52.349 --> 00:18:55.289 but we had to be quite cognizant of that. And 00:18:55.289 --> 00:18:57.930 then his schedule around work was also incredibly 00:18:57.930 --> 00:19:02.160 dynamic. The goal was then, okay, let's focus 00:19:02.160 --> 00:19:04.400 on things like squats and pulls and accessories 00:19:04.400 --> 00:19:08.059 to build some general robustness. So if we were 00:19:08.059 --> 00:19:10.960 to go to the Olympics, you're in better physical 00:19:10.960 --> 00:19:14.099 shape to handle heavier loads when we can start 00:19:14.099 --> 00:19:16.880 pushing the intensity again. So that was essentially 00:19:16.880 --> 00:19:21.019 why you see this increase in tonnage during the 00:19:21.019 --> 00:19:24.380 COVID period. And then of course, as we... go 00:19:24.380 --> 00:19:27.920 into the post -covid tonnage drops but intensity 00:19:27.920 --> 00:19:30.299 starts creeping up and the volume drops down 00:19:30.299 --> 00:19:33.460 as we push to lift heavier weights and start 00:19:33.460 --> 00:19:37.259 realizing those adaptations that had occurred 00:19:37.759 --> 00:19:40.460 pre -COVID into post -COVID. Okay. And now I 00:19:40.460 --> 00:19:42.980 wanted us to talk a little bit about testing 00:19:42.980 --> 00:19:45.980 you did and how you used the data throughout 00:19:45.980 --> 00:19:48.440 the whole timeline. So I think it's important 00:19:48.440 --> 00:19:51.680 to really underscore the fact that because this 00:19:51.680 --> 00:19:54.480 is a case study and an N of 1, the associations 00:19:54.480 --> 00:19:57.799 made between it's some proxy measure, such as 00:19:57.799 --> 00:20:01.789 force. in a jump or force in a an isometric mid 00:20:01.789 --> 00:20:04.509 -thigh pull can't directly be associated to a 00:20:04.509 --> 00:20:07.509 change in weight lifting performance right so 00:20:07.509 --> 00:20:10.609 i i can't say with great confidence that you've 00:20:10.609 --> 00:20:14.210 improved two kilos because your net peak force 00:20:14.210 --> 00:20:17.500 went up by 200 newtons right that would be irresponsible 00:20:17.500 --> 00:20:20.299 of me as a as a sports scientist but i suppose 00:20:20.299 --> 00:20:23.220 that's some of the constraints we have when doing 00:20:23.220 --> 00:20:25.819 case studies but it can be a little bit more 00:20:25.819 --> 00:20:28.779 observational than than anything so if we were 00:20:28.779 --> 00:20:30.740 to do this on a group it's a little bit different 00:20:30.740 --> 00:20:33.819 because you're making inferences are based on 00:20:33.819 --> 00:20:36.400 statistical assumptions and it becomes a little 00:20:36.400 --> 00:20:39.539 bit easier to say okay during this in this point 00:20:39.539 --> 00:20:42.039 there's a change and we can associate it back 00:20:42.039 --> 00:20:46.569 to a change in volume load or strength in a specific 00:20:46.569 --> 00:20:50.589 metric so throughout the paper i make a couple 00:20:50.589 --> 00:20:54.589 of references to observational references to 00:20:54.589 --> 00:20:57.990 why i think certain improvements in performance 00:20:57.990 --> 00:21:02.089 had occurred based on the changes in neuromuscular 00:21:02.089 --> 00:21:05.630 performance so for example one of the things 00:21:05.630 --> 00:21:09.589 i notice is when propulsive impulse of a jump 00:21:09.589 --> 00:21:12.890 increased there tended to be a change in the 00:21:12.890 --> 00:21:15.789 kilo lifted on the platform often or not net 00:21:15.789 --> 00:21:19.390 peak force also showed a similar pattern for 00:21:19.390 --> 00:21:21.890 that with the exception of a couple of cases 00:21:21.890 --> 00:21:25.549 the things that didn't align for me so much were 00:21:25.549 --> 00:21:30.940 decreases in force at 150 milliseconds and 200 00:21:30.940 --> 00:21:33.819 milliseconds. Although reflecting back now, they're 00:21:33.819 --> 00:21:35.640 probably telling you the same thing. So maybe 00:21:35.640 --> 00:21:38.019 I should have done 150. Maybe I should have done 00:21:38.019 --> 00:21:39.880 an earlier time point, but then we start going 00:21:39.880 --> 00:21:42.259 into variability of metrics, et cetera, which 00:21:42.259 --> 00:21:44.539 I think is probably beyond this discussion. So 00:21:44.539 --> 00:21:47.779 it was more a case of, okay, that last block 00:21:47.779 --> 00:21:52.069 of training we did leading into your taper. What 00:21:52.069 --> 00:21:55.750 effect has that had on these proxy measures? 00:21:55.970 --> 00:21:58.609 It's positive. Okay. What effect has that had 00:21:58.609 --> 00:22:01.309 on how you feel when you're lifting the weight? 00:22:01.369 --> 00:22:04.109 And is that weight heavier now? If yes, let's 00:22:04.109 --> 00:22:06.250 not deviate from that structure of programming 00:22:06.250 --> 00:22:08.789 then. Let's just tweak little bits to see if 00:22:08.789 --> 00:22:11.109 we can elicit the same outcome because we're 00:22:11.109 --> 00:22:13.069 starting to see that. When this goes up, you 00:22:13.069 --> 00:22:15.349 feel and you have lifted a little bit more weight. 00:22:15.349 --> 00:22:17.930 So it's observational and it is a little bit 00:22:17.930 --> 00:22:20.549 of guesswork. But also when you look at the previous 00:22:20.549 --> 00:22:23.829 literature, the association between these metrics 00:22:23.829 --> 00:22:26.970 and weightlifting performance itself is moderate 00:22:26.970 --> 00:22:29.789 to high, I would say, on the most part. So we 00:22:29.789 --> 00:22:32.609 know that improving these physical capacities 00:22:32.609 --> 00:22:36.549 will probably have a positive effect on the athlete's 00:22:36.549 --> 00:22:39.549 physical preparedness to lift more weight. And 00:22:39.549 --> 00:22:42.430 that's excluding anything. think around the psychology 00:22:42.430 --> 00:22:44.390 of lifting more weight, the technique of lifting 00:22:44.390 --> 00:22:46.910 more weight and other factors that would influence 00:22:46.910 --> 00:22:48.829 someone's snatching or king jerking more weight. 00:22:48.930 --> 00:22:51.450 I just wanted to mention one thing here. So having 00:22:51.450 --> 00:22:54.990 a group of athletes doing the study is great 00:22:54.990 --> 00:22:57.309 because you can apply statistics and you can 00:22:57.309 --> 00:23:01.349 do group means and you get robustness that way. 00:23:01.450 --> 00:23:05.190 Working with elite athlete, you have an advantage 00:23:05.190 --> 00:23:08.410 of having this athlete for months or years. So 00:23:08.410 --> 00:23:11.240 you can actually do something once. and then 00:23:11.240 --> 00:23:14.480 you can repeat it and see whether it elicits 00:23:14.480 --> 00:23:18.440 similar outcomes. So although in defense, I guess, 00:23:18.579 --> 00:23:21.700 of a case study design, you don't have a group, 00:23:21.720 --> 00:23:26.200 but you have a repeated opportunity to use the 00:23:26.200 --> 00:23:30.259 good bits again and again and see how it pans 00:23:30.259 --> 00:23:33.380 out over the years. Of course, of course. And 00:23:33.380 --> 00:23:36.599 I think the counter to that would be in reality, 00:23:36.799 --> 00:23:38.960 particularly with a weightlifting athlete, would 00:23:38.960 --> 00:23:40.859 you then run the... same program or would you 00:23:40.859 --> 00:23:43.559 have to make slight tweaks based on observations 00:23:43.559 --> 00:23:46.279 on their technique so maybe now instead of doing 00:23:46.279 --> 00:23:48.700 a hang snatch from above the knee you now go 00:23:48.700 --> 00:23:50.900 below the knee so that might just be a slight 00:23:50.900 --> 00:23:52.680 tweak and that's based on what you're seeing 00:23:52.680 --> 00:23:55.240 from a technical perspective so now the program 00:23:55.240 --> 00:23:57.279 isn't the same it's slightly different because 00:23:57.279 --> 00:23:59.660 you don't have a control for it and i suppose 00:23:59.660 --> 00:24:02.309 that's just The dynamic nature of working with 00:24:02.309 --> 00:24:05.930 an elite athlete on an individual basis. But 00:24:05.930 --> 00:24:09.470 I'm also not chasing someone's propulsive impulse 00:24:09.470 --> 00:24:11.789 to be increased. I'm not chasing someone's net 00:24:11.789 --> 00:24:14.089 peak force to be increased. I'm chasing bigger 00:24:14.089 --> 00:24:16.829 snatch, bigger clean and jerk. And once the athlete 00:24:16.829 --> 00:24:19.630 realizes, okay, you're on the same wavelength 00:24:19.630 --> 00:24:21.529 as me. I want to snatch more. I want to clean 00:24:21.529 --> 00:24:23.289 and jerk more. Of course, that's what I want 00:24:23.289 --> 00:24:25.980 you to do. Now let's reverse engineer back. What 00:24:25.980 --> 00:24:27.940 are the physical qualities that underpin that? 00:24:28.039 --> 00:24:31.000 And now how can we measure that to see if your 00:24:31.000 --> 00:24:35.180 physical preparedness is higher so you can snatch 00:24:35.180 --> 00:24:36.980 or you have the ability to snatch, clean and 00:24:36.980 --> 00:24:39.519 jerk more? Because, and we know that this always 00:24:39.519 --> 00:24:41.700 happens, you can have an athlete who trains incredibly 00:24:41.700 --> 00:24:44.859 well, comes to competition feeling great, but 00:24:44.859 --> 00:24:47.279 they, to their standard, they underperform. You 00:24:47.279 --> 00:24:49.660 know, the week prior they hit their PB in the 00:24:49.660 --> 00:24:51.619 gym and they're like, I'm definitely going to 00:24:51.619 --> 00:24:54.000 PB at the competition. They feel great. You do 00:24:54.000 --> 00:24:56.400 their measurements. Everything's up, but actually 00:24:56.400 --> 00:24:59.539 they don't PB. They hit what they normally hit. 00:24:59.660 --> 00:25:02.079 Let's say they hit 98 % of their best. Like, 00:25:02.099 --> 00:25:04.400 does that mean, well, not does that mean, but 00:25:04.400 --> 00:25:07.380 more so is it a case of, I suppose it allows 00:25:07.380 --> 00:25:09.819 us to then go, actually, look, training did go 00:25:09.819 --> 00:25:12.180 really well. Here's the physical measures that 00:25:12.180 --> 00:25:15.099 underpin those qualities that you needed to snatch 00:25:15.099 --> 00:25:16.920 and clean and jerk more weight. We have the evidence 00:25:16.920 --> 00:25:19.119 for that. There's years and years worth of evidence 00:25:19.119 --> 00:25:22.240 for that. So the training has gone well. So now 00:25:22.240 --> 00:25:24.750 let's continue doing something. similar type 00:25:24.750 --> 00:25:27.170 of training and push those values again. But 00:25:27.170 --> 00:25:29.789 also let's think about what other factors stopped 00:25:29.789 --> 00:25:31.710 you from lifting more weight. Is it technical? 00:25:31.910 --> 00:25:33.910 Did something feel off? You know, you can have 00:25:33.910 --> 00:25:36.890 these in post performance reviews. Was it the 00:25:36.890 --> 00:25:39.049 psychology? Was it the Walmart? So maybe it's 00:25:39.049 --> 00:25:41.690 another factor you can lean on and work towards 00:25:41.690 --> 00:25:44.869 and focus on to help optimize their performance 00:25:44.869 --> 00:25:47.069 because we've got the evidence supporting the 00:25:47.069 --> 00:25:49.589 training. And I think having that evidence really 00:25:49.589 --> 00:25:52.690 helps the athlete find confidence within themselves. 00:25:53.549 --> 00:25:56.150 also within the system that's being used to support 00:25:56.150 --> 00:25:58.710 them to snatch and clean each other away. I hope 00:25:58.710 --> 00:26:01.329 that answers the question. Yeah. So it gives 00:26:01.329 --> 00:26:04.250 you. as a coach, additional data to present to 00:26:04.250 --> 00:26:06.690 athletes, but also for you as a coach to know 00:26:06.690 --> 00:26:10.730 whether what you are aiming at is possible. I 00:26:10.730 --> 00:26:12.970 guess that's whether it was achieved or not, 00:26:12.990 --> 00:26:15.769 it's a separate thing to analyze and work through. 00:26:15.890 --> 00:26:19.609 But from the capability perspective, it was possible 00:26:19.609 --> 00:26:21.650 according to the data you collected. Yeah, from 00:26:21.650 --> 00:26:23.650 a physical perspective, absolutely. Okay, so 00:26:23.650 --> 00:26:26.210 let's bring it together. What coaches and athletes, 00:26:26.329 --> 00:26:29.519 weightlifters should take? from this paper. So 00:26:29.519 --> 00:26:33.220 what are your lessons? I hope that the barriers 00:26:33.220 --> 00:26:37.180 that we faced are a lot less now. I hope coaches 00:26:37.180 --> 00:26:39.579 and athletes don't face these same barriers that 00:26:39.579 --> 00:26:41.339 I've discussed earlier. I definitely think there's 00:26:41.339 --> 00:26:44.420 more opportunity now, which is good for the sport 00:26:44.420 --> 00:26:46.279 more than anything, especially with some of these 00:26:46.279 --> 00:26:48.940 refugee athletes lifting some incredible weights. 00:26:49.140 --> 00:26:51.480 And we're very fortunate to have one train with 00:26:51.480 --> 00:26:54.079 us in our British weightlifting squads. I think 00:26:54.079 --> 00:26:57.079 the actual statistical analysis of understanding 00:26:57.079 --> 00:27:00.099 meaning. change occurring in your athlete, I 00:27:00.099 --> 00:27:02.880 think is a really big takeaway point here because 00:27:02.880 --> 00:27:05.559 you're working with one person. So if you want 00:27:05.559 --> 00:27:07.640 to know whether there has been a significant 00:27:07.640 --> 00:27:09.920 improvement or not, you know, utilize things 00:27:09.920 --> 00:27:12.460 like the mean, the standard deviation, you know, 00:27:12.480 --> 00:27:14.539 account for that variability and uncertainty 00:27:14.539 --> 00:27:17.440 within any sort of testing measures you might 00:27:17.440 --> 00:27:19.859 do that are associated to weightlifting. And 00:27:19.859 --> 00:27:22.559 we go through that in the method section. And 00:27:22.559 --> 00:27:26.119 I also believe you had Professor Anthony Turner 00:27:26.119 --> 00:27:28.910 on that that spoke. about, I've touched on these 00:27:28.910 --> 00:27:31.890 points about analysing athletes and N equals 00:27:31.890 --> 00:27:33.849 one. There's some really great resources out 00:27:33.849 --> 00:27:37.450 there by Sands, by Turner, and I think there's 00:27:37.450 --> 00:27:39.509 been some by John Harry and Chris Bishop as well 00:27:39.509 --> 00:27:42.170 on analysing individual athletes. Because what 00:27:42.170 --> 00:27:44.529 that does, it just allows us to have greater 00:27:44.529 --> 00:27:46.609 certainty on whether your athlete is actually 00:27:46.609 --> 00:27:48.930 getting better or worse. The other takeaway point, 00:27:49.109 --> 00:27:51.369 which I almost think should go without saying, 00:27:51.470 --> 00:27:54.569 is be adaptable. Put athlete first, whether you're 00:27:54.569 --> 00:27:56.230 a sports scientist, streaming conditioning coach. 00:27:56.430 --> 00:27:59.329 or the actual weightlifting coach which has probably 00:27:59.329 --> 00:28:01.829 a broader role or if you play all of those roles 00:28:01.829 --> 00:28:05.390 put the athlete first and prioritize them and 00:28:05.390 --> 00:28:08.390 your relationship with them while i could have 00:28:08.390 --> 00:28:11.750 easily gotten tied up with the data being you 00:28:11.750 --> 00:28:13.930 know quite analytical and objective individual 00:28:13.930 --> 00:28:18.710 my role in this was to be a coach first and to 00:28:18.710 --> 00:28:20.690 make sure the athlete is comfortable and they 00:28:20.690 --> 00:28:22.690 are part of this decision making process of the 00:28:22.690 --> 00:28:25.349 programming so maybe come up with negotiables 00:28:25.349 --> 00:28:27.619 and negotiables for that athlete's training what 00:28:27.619 --> 00:28:30.599 worked what didn't work what does the data say 00:28:30.599 --> 00:28:33.180 how does it support some of this and if you can 00:28:33.180 --> 00:28:35.920 use that to help tell the story and write future 00:28:35.920 --> 00:28:38.240 chapters then i think you're gonna have great 00:28:38.569 --> 00:28:40.950 great success with with your athletes because 00:28:40.950 --> 00:28:44.349 data is just there to to kind of support what 00:28:44.349 --> 00:28:47.930 we do and maybe challenge or well challenge or 00:28:47.930 --> 00:28:51.250 support some of our practices and we should evolve 00:28:51.250 --> 00:28:53.970 around that thank you do i have time for for 00:28:53.970 --> 00:28:56.750 the two questions i finish with uh i suppose 00:28:56.750 --> 00:28:59.869 yeah so first question is if you could change 00:28:59.869 --> 00:29:02.569 one thing in olympic weightlifting what would 00:29:02.569 --> 00:29:04.609 it be if i could change one thing in olympic 00:29:04.609 --> 00:29:06.910 weightlifting i don't think it would be a change 00:29:06.910 --> 00:29:10.549 i think it would be a nice addition it would 00:29:10.549 --> 00:29:14.970 be to make weightlifting more technologically 00:29:14.970 --> 00:29:18.710 savvy and viewer friendly so a lot of sports 00:29:18.710 --> 00:29:22.490 utilize really nice displays of you know speed 00:29:22.490 --> 00:29:26.250 of the boat distance, accuracy in shooting, for 00:29:26.250 --> 00:29:28.670 example, and these really lovely visuals. And 00:29:28.670 --> 00:29:31.430 I feel like our sport lends itself to that. So 00:29:31.430 --> 00:29:34.210 hopefully in the future, we see after a lift, 00:29:34.349 --> 00:29:37.809 something like a barbell trajectory or the power 00:29:37.809 --> 00:29:40.529 of that individual's lift. And I just think it 00:29:40.529 --> 00:29:43.009 engages the viewership more so. I mean, it really 00:29:43.009 --> 00:29:46.509 gives an appreciation to how strong and powerful 00:29:46.509 --> 00:29:48.890 these athletes actually are. So I think that'll 00:29:48.890 --> 00:29:51.930 be one thing I'd like to see. Not so much change, 00:29:52.069 --> 00:29:55.319 but added. to weightlifting yes i'm for it okay 00:29:55.319 --> 00:29:58.180 last last question where people can find you 00:29:58.180 --> 00:30:00.759 if they want to follow your work or ask a question 00:30:00.759 --> 00:30:05.619 so i'm available via email so s .chavda at mdx 00:30:05.619 --> 00:30:10.200 .ac .uk i'm also on x which is at shy underscore 00:30:10.200 --> 00:30:13.569 to tweet i'm also available on instagram coach 00:30:13.569 --> 00:30:17.650 underscore chavda and you can find most of our 00:30:17.650 --> 00:30:21.230 latest research on our research gate so if you 00:30:21.230 --> 00:30:22.829 just search my name on research gate that'll 00:30:22.829 --> 00:30:25.690 come up thank you so much it was a pleasure yes 00:30:25.690 --> 00:30:28.670 and thank you very much for allowing me to do 00:30:28.670 --> 00:30:31.349 the quadruple so i very much appreciate it and 00:30:31.349 --> 00:30:33.549 hopefully people are on board of my voice thank 00:30:33.549 --> 00:30:33.829 you