WEBVTT 00:00:02.719 --> 00:00:07.379 Welcome to From the Spectrum Podcast. This is 00:00:07.379 --> 00:00:12.560 a podcast about autism. It is my goal to explain 00:00:12.560 --> 00:00:19.079 what is autism. I plan to use a mixture of scientific 00:00:19.079 --> 00:00:23.160 literature, personal experience, and opinion. 00:00:24.280 --> 00:00:27.800 With opinion, I will explain why I feel the way 00:00:27.800 --> 00:00:32.710 I do and give examples. I will provide links 00:00:32.710 --> 00:00:37.109 to various references for each episode. For each 00:00:37.109 --> 00:00:40.950 episode, we will discuss various aspects of autism. 00:00:43.030 --> 00:00:47.649 For today's episode, we will explore autism and 00:00:47.649 --> 00:00:52.310 the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal 00:00:52.310 --> 00:00:58.170 will mostly be referred to as GI or GI tract. 00:00:59.909 --> 00:01:03.899 Immediately, the first and likely the most notable 00:01:03.899 --> 00:01:08.239 thing to mention. The only thing common about 00:01:08.239 --> 00:01:12.900 this research, autism and GI complications, is 00:01:12.900 --> 00:01:18.579 this. It exists, and it exists in a large population 00:01:18.579 --> 00:01:23.760 of autistics. More on that later. Because of 00:01:23.760 --> 00:01:27.760 the inconsistent data in the scientific literature 00:01:27.760 --> 00:01:32.590 about autism, and GI complications, we will spend 00:01:32.590 --> 00:01:36.670 some time discussing biological development, 00:01:37.629 --> 00:01:40.269 the things that's associated with development 00:01:40.269 --> 00:01:45.349 of these complicated systems. In addition, we 00:01:45.349 --> 00:01:50.129 will spend time discussing what can reestablish 00:01:50.129 --> 00:01:56.370 order. Light in our human evolution. Light gives 00:01:56.370 --> 00:02:01.030 us information, gives us electromagnetic energy 00:02:01.030 --> 00:02:04.930 and power. And that is how living organisms on 00:02:04.930 --> 00:02:10.129 earth evolve and live and sustain their species. 00:02:11.030 --> 00:02:16.129 We will discuss what can happen and how to fix 00:02:16.129 --> 00:02:19.750 these. We will explain biological components 00:02:19.750 --> 00:02:23.530 that take this information and provide order. 00:02:24.310 --> 00:02:28.090 It takes the chaos from the environment. and 00:02:28.090 --> 00:02:32.210 applies order. Now in development, we have this 00:02:32.210 --> 00:02:36.469 order, so we have a normal development, but things 00:02:36.469 --> 00:02:39.469 in our environment, especially modern environment, 00:02:39.770 --> 00:02:44.490 can cause chaos. So insert the common health 00:02:44.490 --> 00:02:47.889 implications we see, such as autism, or such 00:02:47.889 --> 00:02:52.349 as GI implications, or such as autoimmune implications, 00:02:52.889 --> 00:02:56.349 and the aging, the degenerative problems. All 00:02:56.349 --> 00:03:01.879 of these are disorder or chaos. However, light 00:03:01.879 --> 00:03:05.319 meeting our biological components that are crucial 00:03:05.319 --> 00:03:11.379 for development re -establishes order. But first, 00:03:12.099 --> 00:03:17.379 the GI tract begins in the mouth, the oral microbiome, 00:03:17.639 --> 00:03:21.639 a side note. It's common for autistics to have 00:03:21.639 --> 00:03:24.680 something like Sjogren's, which is dry mouth, 00:03:25.020 --> 00:03:29.680 Sjogren's syndrome, or polydipsia, and polyura, 00:03:30.379 --> 00:03:33.860 which is frequent thirst, frequent urination. 00:03:34.719 --> 00:03:37.840 And it is my opinion, and my experience, this 00:03:37.840 --> 00:03:41.639 is coming from the oral problem. More specifically, 00:03:42.159 --> 00:03:47.840 dry mouth. Some cases of hyponatremia, such as 00:03:47.840 --> 00:03:53.039 low sodium, and an anti -diuretic hormone. Remember 00:03:53.039 --> 00:03:56.860 the roles of oxytocin and vasopressin? in the 00:03:56.860 --> 00:04:01.780 Autistic Phenotype episode. Vasopressin, a separate 00:04:01.780 --> 00:04:07.120 type of vasopressin. However, upstream of the 00:04:07.120 --> 00:04:11.159 biosynthesis of this hormone could be shared 00:04:11.159 --> 00:04:15.580 implications. Now, it's understood that the dry 00:04:15.580 --> 00:04:19.279 mouth occurs, but what is not really explained 00:04:19.279 --> 00:04:22.920 besides the dry mouth are the reasons why the 00:04:22.920 --> 00:04:26.519 dry mouth. And I think It's some sort of signaling 00:04:26.519 --> 00:04:32.240 problem and bad communication between cells and 00:04:32.240 --> 00:04:35.959 systems, such as the hormone systems that regulate 00:04:35.959 --> 00:04:41.300 this, the sodium and the saliva. Let's continue 00:04:41.300 --> 00:04:47.540 down the track. The pharynx or throat, esophagus, 00:04:48.220 --> 00:04:51.519 the stomach, the small and large intestines, 00:04:52.060 --> 00:04:57.740 and all the way out. you get the picture. A buzzword 00:04:57.740 --> 00:05:03.600 is the gut -brain axis or the gut microbiome. 00:05:04.620 --> 00:05:09.579 The gut -brain axis is connected by nerves. Nerves 00:05:09.579 --> 00:05:13.740 for sending information in a feed -forward feedback 00:05:13.740 --> 00:05:18.040 communication loop. This communication is between 00:05:18.040 --> 00:05:22.160 the central nervous system, the brain, the branch 00:05:22.160 --> 00:05:26.120 that we mostly discuss, and the enteric nervous 00:05:26.120 --> 00:05:30.100 system. Often, you will hear the enteric nervous 00:05:30.100 --> 00:05:34.660 system referred to as the gut brain. The number 00:05:34.660 --> 00:05:38.800 of neurons in the enteric nervous system equals 00:05:38.800 --> 00:05:43.399 the number of neurons in the spinal cord. The 00:05:43.399 --> 00:05:46.959 intercan system, our hormones, of course, are 00:05:46.959 --> 00:05:51.660 regions of interest here, too. In large part, 00:05:52.019 --> 00:05:56.259 the hypothalamus. But first, the branches of 00:05:56.259 --> 00:06:00.500 the autonomic nervous system act to control or 00:06:00.500 --> 00:06:06.339 prioritize the GI tract. If you are stressed, 00:06:06.980 --> 00:06:11.360 your mouth might get dry, your heart rate might 00:06:11.360 --> 00:06:16.199 change, breathing, both the rate and the depth 00:06:16.199 --> 00:06:21.120 might change, and Uncomfortable fillings from 00:06:21.120 --> 00:06:25.600 the stomach. Remember, the hypothalamus regulates 00:06:25.600 --> 00:06:29.720 the hormones. And an area of our biggest region 00:06:29.720 --> 00:06:32.980 of interest from the Cause of Autism episode 00:06:32.980 --> 00:06:39.339 and Autism and the Embryo episode is POMC, Pro 00:06:39.339 --> 00:06:44.079 -Opio -Melano -Cortin. This activates cortisol 00:06:44.079 --> 00:06:50.269 and insulin. Cortisol Well, and insulin, too, 00:06:50.370 --> 00:06:54.050 from the glucocorticoids. This begins in the 00:06:54.050 --> 00:06:58.769 POMC subdivision of the hypothalamus. There is 00:06:58.769 --> 00:07:06.870 another axis, HPA, hypothalamic pituitary adrenals. 00:07:07.990 --> 00:07:13.990 Remember autism and anxiety episode 2. When the 00:07:13.990 --> 00:07:17.759 sympathetic branch is activated, Our digestive 00:07:17.759 --> 00:07:23.019 tract will stop. The body determines other peripheral 00:07:23.019 --> 00:07:27.779 organs are more useful. And you can think of 00:07:27.779 --> 00:07:32.360 this in simple terms. If you are stressed, you're 00:07:32.360 --> 00:07:36.819 not likely to eat. With that, the sympathetic 00:07:36.819 --> 00:07:40.819 branch is not all about stress or the so -called 00:07:40.819 --> 00:07:45.959 fight -flight -freeze conundrum. I'm not a big 00:07:45.959 --> 00:07:49.680 fan. of those descriptors. Those are just simple 00:07:49.680 --> 00:07:54.800 descriptions. Immune responses are regions of 00:07:54.800 --> 00:08:00.899 interest too. But first back to POMC. POMC and 00:08:00.899 --> 00:08:04.500 gut microbiome have a bi -directional influence 00:08:04.500 --> 00:08:09.040 as previously just introduced. What is missing 00:08:09.040 --> 00:08:13.100 in much of the research, the development and 00:08:13.100 --> 00:08:20.069 function is light. Light is the regulator. Before 00:08:20.069 --> 00:08:24.269 we get more into some biology, let's touch on 00:08:24.269 --> 00:08:29.430 autism. Common GI problems, and I should mention 00:08:29.430 --> 00:08:35.889 these are in no way only tied to autistics. IBS 00:08:35.889 --> 00:08:42.789 and IBD, and consistency with bowels, abdominal 00:08:42.789 --> 00:08:50.200 pain, allergies. food sensitivity, bloated, or 00:08:50.200 --> 00:08:56.000 anemia. Here is the complicated part about autism 00:08:56.000 --> 00:09:03.840 and GI or the gut microbiota. Everything is inconsistent 00:09:03.840 --> 00:09:09.019 except some sort of GI problems exist. 50 to 00:09:09.019 --> 00:09:14.950 80 percent of autistics have GI problems. Back 00:09:14.950 --> 00:09:20.570 to POMC, remember melanin, a black pigment that 00:09:20.570 --> 00:09:25.809 absorbs all frequency of light. Melanin in the 00:09:25.809 --> 00:09:31.649 gut are enterochromaffin cells. Enterochromaffin 00:09:31.649 --> 00:09:35.730 cells will be our most critical region of interest. 00:09:37.169 --> 00:09:42.009 Melanin and enterochromaffin cells works with 00:09:42.009 --> 00:09:47.080 the microbiome. That's releasing light. Light, 00:09:47.639 --> 00:09:51.639 like the cause of autism and autism in the embryo, 00:09:51.659 --> 00:09:58.539 is it. Enterochromathin stores serotonin, phenylalanine, 00:09:58.740 --> 00:10:04.679 and tyrosine in the gut. We will explore vitamin 00:10:04.679 --> 00:10:10.500 D receptors, or VDR, the biosynthesis of vitamin 00:10:10.500 --> 00:10:18.519 D, TPH1 and serotonin, which is from tryptophan. 00:10:18.720 --> 00:10:25.740 Remember, TPH1 is tryptophan, hydroxylase 1 for 00:10:25.740 --> 00:10:29.960 the peripheral, tyrosine and phenylalanine, so 00:10:29.960 --> 00:10:34.039 those three aromatic amino acids. And briefly 00:10:34.039 --> 00:10:40.220 about chemo sensors, cryptochromes, and cholesterol. 00:10:41.480 --> 00:10:44.759 Everything just mentioned are crucial for the 00:10:44.759 --> 00:10:49.299 GI and gut microbiome. And all of those have 00:10:49.299 --> 00:10:55.299 unique light absorption spectra. First, remember, 00:10:55.639 --> 00:11:01.360 95 % of the body serotonin is in the gut. And 00:11:01.360 --> 00:11:05.620 remember, serotonin is the first biological component 00:11:05.620 --> 00:11:10.649 researched, to my knowledge, with autism. in 00:11:10.649 --> 00:11:16.970 1961. Gut serotonin, or enterochromathin cells, 00:11:17.710 --> 00:11:23.070 and tryptophan hydroxylase 1, TPH1, synthesize 00:11:23.070 --> 00:11:28.990 this. It is common to read research target this 00:11:28.990 --> 00:11:34.309 as a possible therapeutic option. Great. More 00:11:34.309 --> 00:11:39.320 drug treatment doesn't fix the problem. and it 00:11:39.320 --> 00:11:45.399 doesn't fix the root cause. In addition, serotonin 00:11:45.399 --> 00:11:50.840 here is vital and plays a role in immune inflammatory 00:11:50.840 --> 00:12:00.139 axis. Hard stop here. What autism is, is likely 00:12:00.139 --> 00:12:05.500 an autoimmune condition. Immune and inflammation. 00:12:06.620 --> 00:12:10.909 Inflammation. at its core is an imbalance of 00:12:10.909 --> 00:12:16.470 electrons and protons, which we kind of discussed 00:12:16.470 --> 00:12:19.950 without saying much of it in the Cause of Autism 00:12:19.950 --> 00:12:26.809 episode. Serotonin is vital for GI physiology 00:12:26.809 --> 00:12:33.409 and a huge part of autism, cell proliferation, 00:12:34.250 --> 00:12:39.909 migration, and differentiation. This is autism. 00:12:40.309 --> 00:12:44.009 This is what autism is and how it's developed. 00:12:45.389 --> 00:12:50.210 However, it cannot be explained. The whys and 00:12:50.210 --> 00:12:57.730 hows cannot be explained. Let's dive into enterochromathin 00:12:57.730 --> 00:13:03.230 cells. Enterochromathin cells have receptors 00:13:03.230 --> 00:13:08.100 for sensing chemicals. Chemical changes in the 00:13:08.100 --> 00:13:13.840 gut. Different nutrients and metabolites and 00:13:13.840 --> 00:13:18.639 this signals serotonin. Serotonin rolls here 00:13:18.639 --> 00:13:23.399 and this is likely isn't exhaustive. Pain perception, 00:13:24.139 --> 00:13:27.259 remember this is similar to brain serotonin from 00:13:27.259 --> 00:13:32.159 the Raphae. It's about having, being comfortable 00:13:32.159 --> 00:13:36.919 with the self and the time. that spatial -temporal 00:13:36.919 --> 00:13:43.740 relationship, and also mood and behavior. This 00:13:43.740 --> 00:13:48.940 is chemosensory cells. Research used fluorescent 00:13:48.940 --> 00:13:53.480 chemosensory with specific wavelengths of light. 00:13:55.779 --> 00:14:00.139 Sensory paths. Enterochromathin sends sensory 00:14:00.139 --> 00:14:03.879 signals to the central nervous system. In large 00:14:03.879 --> 00:14:10.740 part, for physiology and behavioral shifts. Okay, 00:14:11.360 --> 00:14:17.940 melanin. Melanin and omentum, which translates 00:14:17.940 --> 00:14:21.000 to apron, is at the lower part of the stomach, 00:14:21.440 --> 00:14:24.799 right below the curvature. The curvature, the 00:14:24.799 --> 00:14:29.500 greater curvature, begins with the transverse 00:14:29.500 --> 00:14:33.710 colon. It kind of separates the stomach in this 00:14:33.710 --> 00:14:38.289 transverse colon. The omentum is paramount for 00:14:38.289 --> 00:14:41.730 the gut and helps with the clocked timing of 00:14:41.730 --> 00:14:47.429 the cells. Omentum is a large flat adipose tissue 00:14:47.429 --> 00:14:52.590 nestles on our organs. It plays a function in 00:14:52.590 --> 00:14:58.690 immune regulation in tissues and regeneration. 00:14:59.730 --> 00:15:04.840 All cells, organs, and tissues are clocked timed. 00:15:05.720 --> 00:15:10.480 See the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology Medicine. 00:15:12.340 --> 00:15:16.840 Humans evolved in light and dark, a two -part 00:15:16.840 --> 00:15:22.679 process. But light has changed drastically. The 00:15:22.679 --> 00:15:29.259 type of light and the timing of light. Melanin 00:15:29.259 --> 00:15:34.750 links palm seed gene and the skin. The skin on 00:15:34.750 --> 00:15:38.769 the gut is similar to the RPE, the retinal pigment 00:15:38.769 --> 00:15:44.590 epithelium in your eyes which absorbs the light. 00:15:45.649 --> 00:15:49.149 Melanin is the powerhouse for the eyes and therefore 00:15:49.149 --> 00:15:53.570 the brain. Remember only the past six years or 00:15:53.570 --> 00:15:58.070 so research published melanopsin receptors are 00:15:58.070 --> 00:16:04.539 all over the brain. For the gut The skin full 00:16:04.539 --> 00:16:08.580 of these melanocytes is the powerhouse, which 00:16:08.580 --> 00:16:13.159 targets those enterochromathin cells. Remember 00:16:13.159 --> 00:16:17.120 how light develops the neuroectoderm and the 00:16:17.120 --> 00:16:21.639 peripheral side, the tissues and organs and so 00:16:21.639 --> 00:16:25.379 forth. Light is doing this with inside the gut 00:16:25.379 --> 00:16:30.600 as well. And vitamin D are crucial here too. 00:16:31.840 --> 00:16:35.820 A side note, If you have acute stomach problems, 00:16:36.240 --> 00:16:41.120 gas, burping, pains, any acute problem, go outside 00:16:41.120 --> 00:16:44.799 and get sunlight directly on the skin of your 00:16:44.799 --> 00:16:49.620 gut. Evaluate it in just a few minutes or so. 00:16:50.779 --> 00:16:55.120 That's my experience and it is reliable. Just 00:16:55.120 --> 00:16:59.580 give it a few minutes. Now based on reward prediction 00:16:59.580 --> 00:17:02.669 error, Remember the discussions on the nucleus 00:17:02.669 --> 00:17:06.630 accumbens in that ventral striatum area of the 00:17:06.630 --> 00:17:10.450 brain. Reward prediction error will cause you 00:17:10.450 --> 00:17:14.809 to have unreasonable expectations. So when doing 00:17:14.809 --> 00:17:19.029 this, when doing this outside with the sun on 00:17:19.029 --> 00:17:22.509 your skin, on your gut skin, have reasonable 00:17:22.509 --> 00:17:27.589 expectations and evaluate it then. Reward prediction 00:17:27.589 --> 00:17:32.140 error is dopamine. which is wanting. You're wanting 00:17:32.140 --> 00:17:35.460 something. You're wanting a result. And you might, 00:17:35.740 --> 00:17:39.259 it might interfere with your ability to evaluate 00:17:39.259 --> 00:17:42.559 and understand. Because you might be expecting 00:17:42.559 --> 00:17:46.400 some magical elixir, some magical happenings 00:17:46.400 --> 00:17:50.859 here. But just be mindful during the evaluation 00:17:50.859 --> 00:17:55.920 of this tool. Today, people can just eat things 00:17:55.920 --> 00:18:02.640 like antacids or indigestion medications or prebiotics 00:18:02.640 --> 00:18:07.440 and probiotics and they can just rely on these 00:18:07.440 --> 00:18:11.079 over -the -counter medications or even a prescription 00:18:11.079 --> 00:18:15.920 medication and it's just influencing their ability 00:18:15.920 --> 00:18:21.720 to understand natural and nature's biology and 00:18:21.720 --> 00:18:25.660 how we've evolved. One last note until vitamin 00:18:25.660 --> 00:18:30.079 D. We've discussed some neuromodulators, such 00:18:30.079 --> 00:18:34.259 as serotonin and dopamine. And these are much 00:18:34.259 --> 00:18:37.400 more than what people think in the human body. 00:18:38.200 --> 00:18:45.480 Melanin is too. Melanin is much more. Bacteria 00:18:45.480 --> 00:18:48.920 in the gut, which we will discuss more in a moment, 00:18:49.619 --> 00:18:54.279 bacteria emits light and make dopamine from the 00:18:54.279 --> 00:18:58.220 aromatic amino acids inside the gut. This is 00:18:58.220 --> 00:19:01.740 a biosynthesis of dopamine from the peripheral, 00:19:02.240 --> 00:19:09.220 from the gut. Okay, VDR. VDR is highly expressed 00:19:09.220 --> 00:19:13.720 in the intestines. Remember, vitamin D for the 00:19:13.720 --> 00:19:17.880 body and organs, and vitamin A for the eyes and 00:19:17.880 --> 00:19:22.940 brain. These are powerhouses for the development 00:19:22.940 --> 00:19:29.339 in these specific areas. Vitamin D and its biosynthesis 00:19:29.339 --> 00:19:35.500 components range from 220 to 315 nanometer light. 00:19:36.220 --> 00:19:44.460 So it requires VUVC, UVB, and UVA, strong light 00:19:44.460 --> 00:19:50.119 wavelengths. Scan controls the gut microbiome, 00:19:50.119 --> 00:19:54.900 and these are all clock timed. The clock hit. 00:19:55.099 --> 00:19:59.720 enterocytes and control metabolism. So in other 00:19:59.720 --> 00:20:04.680 words, sun or the light hits the skin and they 00:20:04.680 --> 00:20:07.519 become clock -timed based off of that information. 00:20:09.019 --> 00:20:13.680 The clocks from the gut target the enterocytes 00:20:13.680 --> 00:20:18.920 and control metabolism of our microbiome, which 00:20:18.920 --> 00:20:24.170 is VDR in large part. The clock -timed mechanisms 00:20:24.170 --> 00:20:28.769 are essential. They are everything. Everything 00:20:28.769 --> 00:20:34.670 in the human body is clock -timed. Cortisol starts 00:20:34.670 --> 00:20:39.549 the brain when you awake. And vasoactive intestinal 00:20:39.549 --> 00:20:45.509 peptide. If your light is right, ghrelin. You 00:20:45.509 --> 00:20:48.690 might have heard of ghrelin with hunger. Ghrelin 00:20:48.690 --> 00:20:51.890 sends information to the pituitary. Remember 00:20:51.890 --> 00:20:57.910 the P from the HPA axis. Grelin is also controlled 00:20:57.910 --> 00:21:02.069 by the information and energy from the skin. 00:21:03.210 --> 00:21:07.269 A buzzword recently with the obesity problem 00:21:07.269 --> 00:21:12.309 is grelin and leptin. One, these are clock -timed. 00:21:12.470 --> 00:21:17.069 And two, they are clock -timed based off of light 00:21:17.069 --> 00:21:23.200 information. Blue light, which is our main source 00:21:23.200 --> 00:21:27.380 of artificial light now, LED, indoor lighting, 00:21:27.900 --> 00:21:30.920 tech light, all of these are blue light. This 00:21:30.920 --> 00:21:36.299 sparks up and creates cortisol and glucose without 00:21:36.299 --> 00:21:42.400 eating. Okay, melatonin is a regulator of this, 00:21:42.680 --> 00:21:46.759 the ghrelin. The ghrelin spikes or activates 00:21:48.460 --> 00:21:53.119 Now, generationally, it is common for these mechanisms 00:21:53.119 --> 00:21:57.140 to be abnormal because of the different light. 00:21:58.160 --> 00:22:02.819 Sunlight is optimal. Artificial light is harmful. 00:22:04.539 --> 00:22:08.579 Remember Palm Sea. Remember research on autism 00:22:08.579 --> 00:22:15.259 and hormones have more traction lately. You can 00:22:15.259 --> 00:22:20.309 think obesity and autism are quite similar. I 00:22:20.309 --> 00:22:23.609 did not say one causes the other, or I did not 00:22:23.609 --> 00:22:28.049 say they are often comorbid. What I am saying 00:22:28.049 --> 00:22:32.529 is there is a lot of uncoupling and alterations 00:22:32.529 --> 00:22:37.569 in the biology of both. And the cause is the 00:22:37.569 --> 00:22:42.049 same. Remember, implications upstream can look 00:22:42.049 --> 00:22:47.809 very different downstream. In other words, Abnormal 00:22:47.809 --> 00:22:53.690 biology can cause various conditions. OK, so 00:22:53.690 --> 00:22:57.069 I'm biosynthesis of vitamin D, just briefly. 00:22:58.049 --> 00:23:02.549 The synthesis includes pre -vitamin D at 260 00:23:02.549 --> 00:23:06.769 nanometer light. This is similar to absorption 00:23:06.769 --> 00:23:13.769 for DNA and RNA and protects DNA and RNA. So 00:23:13.769 --> 00:23:18.119 in other words, Pre -Vitamin D protects the DNA 00:23:18.119 --> 00:23:22.319 and RNA, and it requires the same wavelength 00:23:22.319 --> 00:23:28.539 of light to sequence. Pre -Vitamin D converts 00:23:28.539 --> 00:23:34.579 to tachysterol 2, and this peaks at 282 nanometer 00:23:34.579 --> 00:23:40.000 light. The tachysterol absorption is the same 00:23:40.000 --> 00:23:44.700 as the two aromatic amino acids, tyrosine. and 00:23:44.700 --> 00:23:48.799 tryptophan. Our commonly discussed proteins. 00:23:50.539 --> 00:23:54.440 Also, they have connections to cryptochromes, 00:23:55.099 --> 00:23:58.619 a critical component of circadian rhythms. Remember 00:23:58.619 --> 00:24:02.880 the clock timing, which is a large role in the 00:24:02.880 --> 00:24:07.839 gut microbiome. Cryptochromes are photoreceptors. 00:24:08.099 --> 00:24:13.809 Two. I say two as in also. Because we have many 00:24:13.809 --> 00:24:17.329 photoreceptors. A lot of our biology that we 00:24:17.329 --> 00:24:23.670 discuss are photoreceptors. Tachysterol creates 00:24:23.670 --> 00:24:32.069 pro -vitamin D3, which requires 290 to 315 nanometer 00:24:32.069 --> 00:24:38.910 light. A side note, cholesterol and vitamin D3 00:24:38.910 --> 00:24:44.500 interact here. And this explains the problems 00:24:44.500 --> 00:24:49.819 across society with cholesterol and CBD. And 00:24:49.819 --> 00:24:54.700 why the majority of the population above 40 or 00:24:54.700 --> 00:25:01.240 so are on statins. And cancers, the rates of 00:25:01.240 --> 00:25:05.380 cancer is directly linked to vitamin D. And you 00:25:05.380 --> 00:25:09.880 can see this. You know people avoid the UV light. 00:25:10.569 --> 00:25:13.990 People are told that it's harmful and they cover 00:25:13.990 --> 00:25:18.670 up. But yet, our health implications are spiraling 00:25:18.670 --> 00:25:23.630 out of control. Yet, our critical biology components 00:25:23.630 --> 00:25:28.329 require this light. Remember our built -in sunscreen 00:25:28.329 --> 00:25:31.769 with the red light and the near infrared light 00:25:31.769 --> 00:25:37.700 and the infrared light. Working with UVA. These 00:25:37.700 --> 00:25:42.059 two things, UVA and the red light spectrum, are 00:25:42.059 --> 00:25:46.559 internal and endogenous sunscreens Mother Nature 00:25:46.559 --> 00:25:51.799 has given us over evolution. Okay, some side 00:25:51.799 --> 00:25:56.740 notes. However, relatable to our conversation, 00:25:57.779 --> 00:26:02.039 these are shared implications upstream. It happens. 00:26:02.599 --> 00:26:06.700 The implications and depletions Interact with 00:26:06.700 --> 00:26:12.279 development. Our more specific topic. These implications 00:26:12.279 --> 00:26:14.980 that we discussed with the vitamin D and all 00:26:14.980 --> 00:26:20.220 of those proteins implicate development. Okay, 00:26:20.519 --> 00:26:23.319 what does the scientific literature say about 00:26:23.319 --> 00:26:28.759 autism and GI problems? One, as I mentioned in 00:26:28.759 --> 00:26:32.579 the beginning of the episode, it occurs 50 to 00:26:32.579 --> 00:26:38.140 80 percent or so. But two, everything is inconsistent. 00:26:39.500 --> 00:26:42.099 The one thing that is consistent is it's common 00:26:42.099 --> 00:26:45.380 in research literature that you hear the word 00:26:45.380 --> 00:26:49.579 confounding. Results and data are confounding. 00:26:50.240 --> 00:26:53.759 There is so much going on with this track, with 00:26:53.759 --> 00:26:58.740 this gut microbiome, the whole gut brain axis 00:26:58.740 --> 00:27:01.220 communication point. And remember the number 00:27:01.220 --> 00:27:04.970 of neurons mentioned in the enteric nervous system. 00:27:05.390 --> 00:27:12.069 So there are a lot happening here. So one, one 00:27:12.069 --> 00:27:16.089 study by Sue et al. asked a question. Whether 00:27:16.089 --> 00:27:25.750 gut, archaea, bacteria, fungi, viruses, microbiogenes 00:27:25.750 --> 00:27:30.630 have a function in the altered autism implication. 00:27:32.430 --> 00:27:38.569 The study took fecal samples of 1 ,027 samples 00:27:38.569 --> 00:27:44.970 ages 1 to 13, and 24 .4 % of these are female. 00:27:45.710 --> 00:27:49.049 So a good ratio that represents the population. 00:27:51.410 --> 00:27:56.829 With autism, there are 14 identified archaea 00:27:56.829 --> 00:28:04.240 problems, 51 bacteria problems, 7 fungi, 18 viruses, 00:28:05.279 --> 00:28:10.380 27 microbiome genes, and 12 metabolic pathways 00:28:10.380 --> 00:28:15.779 were altered with the autism spectrum subjects. 00:28:17.119 --> 00:28:22.839 Now, common in the GI tract, common regions of 00:28:22.839 --> 00:28:28.920 interest are archaea, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. 00:28:30.259 --> 00:28:35.069 Archaea? are single -celled organisms. Most common 00:28:35.069 --> 00:28:40.029 are methanogens, and these produce methane and 00:28:40.029 --> 00:28:44.710 are a byproduct of fermentation. Now, you will 00:28:44.710 --> 00:28:48.210 often hear fiber foods are good for the gut, 00:28:49.089 --> 00:28:53.309 and maybe that's true, but I am going to subordinate 00:28:53.309 --> 00:28:56.650 here. I'm going to put these in a hierarchy. 00:28:57.170 --> 00:29:01.140 Fermented foods are optimal for the gut. over 00:29:01.140 --> 00:29:07.920 fiber. Okay, bacteria. Bacteria are single -celled 00:29:07.920 --> 00:29:13.700 prokaryotes. Their roles include digestion, metabolism, 00:29:14.279 --> 00:29:19.539 and immune system. Bacteria synthesize vitamins. 00:29:20.599 --> 00:29:25.099 It is understood that archaea and bacteria are 00:29:25.099 --> 00:29:32.279 two primary domains of life. Life on Earth. Fungi 00:29:32.279 --> 00:29:37.960 are eukaryotic organisms such as yeast, mold, 00:29:39.299 --> 00:29:43.559 and mushrooms, and balances the microbiome and 00:29:43.559 --> 00:29:48.880 influences the immune system. Regulates permeability 00:29:48.880 --> 00:29:55.680 and inflammation. Viruses. Regulates and influences 00:29:55.680 --> 00:30:00.180 bacteria. and the overall composition and diversity 00:30:00.180 --> 00:30:05.039 of the gut microbiome. This study highlighted 00:30:05.039 --> 00:30:10.299 obiquinol 7, which is in the family member of 00:30:10.299 --> 00:30:16.640 CoQ10, coenzyme Q10, and thiamine diphosphate. 00:30:17.259 --> 00:30:20.400 Both of these are involved in the TCA cycle. 00:30:20.559 --> 00:30:26.000 Remember, Hans Krebs. For CoQ10, it is a fat 00:30:26.000 --> 00:30:30.720 soluble. in every cell membrane. Its role is 00:30:30.720 --> 00:30:34.880 a familiar one for the podcast. Transferring 00:30:34.880 --> 00:30:38.880 electrons in mitochondrial oxidative respiration 00:30:38.880 --> 00:30:46.880 chain while producing ATP. Obicunon is an antioxidant 00:30:46.880 --> 00:30:50.299 that helps prevent cell damage caused by free 00:30:50.299 --> 00:30:54.559 radicals. Remember, we discussed free radicals. 00:30:54.599 --> 00:30:59.720 in the Cause of Autism episode. Obicunol 7, as 00:30:59.720 --> 00:31:03.420 the study highlighted, is a special isoform from 00:31:03.420 --> 00:31:07.500 the CoQ10 family. They have unique absorption 00:31:07.500 --> 00:31:13.359 rates and bioavailability. Two main roles appear 00:31:13.359 --> 00:31:17.500 to be cell energy production, remember the roles 00:31:17.500 --> 00:31:22.539 in mitochondria and ATP, and as an antioxidant. 00:31:23.049 --> 00:31:28.849 Thiamine diphosphate are derivatives of B1, which 00:31:28.849 --> 00:31:35.809 is thiamine. Both abicunol and thiamine metabolites 00:31:35.809 --> 00:31:40.809 play crucial roles in neural signaling transduction. 00:31:43.630 --> 00:31:47.369 Now, this particular study, the benefits of this 00:31:47.369 --> 00:31:52.359 study is there were 31 marker panels. that were 00:31:52.359 --> 00:31:56.160 consistent with the autistic person, the autistic 00:31:56.160 --> 00:32:02.559 subjects. 31 marker panels from those four outlined 00:32:02.559 --> 00:32:08.099 sources, archaea, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. 00:32:09.180 --> 00:32:12.960 For the microbiome, there are inconsistent data. 00:32:14.180 --> 00:32:19.299 However, I think this is telling. One, the spectrum 00:32:19.519 --> 00:32:23.359 and not limited to classifying autistic phenotypes. 00:32:23.960 --> 00:32:27.839 But, two, what we've been discussing here, with 00:32:27.839 --> 00:32:32.079 the implications upstream, the atomic and light 00:32:32.079 --> 00:32:36.319 and melanin and so forth, the implications look 00:32:36.319 --> 00:32:42.359 differently downstream. Now, a part of the research 00:32:42.359 --> 00:32:47.940 on autism and GI, or a lot of GI, research will 00:32:47.940 --> 00:32:51.849 suggest The inconsistency will be based on dietary. 00:32:52.849 --> 00:32:57.069 Dietary is a very distal secondary component. 00:32:58.369 --> 00:33:02.509 Very distal. It is the light and the atomic features 00:33:02.509 --> 00:33:07.170 in development that is the spectrum. That is 00:33:07.170 --> 00:33:13.789 the variability, not food. They need to normalize 00:33:13.789 --> 00:33:18.279 and control for light with each individual. This 00:33:18.279 --> 00:33:22.380 is the primary cause. Light is the region of 00:33:22.380 --> 00:33:26.079 interest because we've discussed the clock timing 00:33:26.079 --> 00:33:29.740 and the development and how they interact based 00:33:29.740 --> 00:33:33.240 off of the light source and things like melanin 00:33:33.240 --> 00:33:37.380 and different vitamins and proteins. This is 00:33:37.380 --> 00:33:40.880 what's happening. This is how it's created and 00:33:40.880 --> 00:33:45.079 is processing in real time. I looked through 00:33:45.079 --> 00:33:48.960 several data sets. several different scientific 00:33:48.960 --> 00:33:53.279 literature papers, meta -analysis and multi -level 00:33:53.279 --> 00:33:59.039 meta -analysis. And these studies are normalizing 00:33:59.039 --> 00:34:07.619 for age and sex and autism and dietary restrictions 00:34:07.619 --> 00:34:11.820 or dietary, typical dietary and bowel functioning. 00:34:12.219 --> 00:34:15.659 There's a lot of controls that are being normalized 00:34:15.659 --> 00:34:19.989 and grouped. However, a lot is still missing, 00:34:19.989 --> 00:34:23.050 it seems. There are a lot of inconsistency. Now, 00:34:23.090 --> 00:34:27.190 that could be the amount of data that can be 00:34:27.190 --> 00:34:31.110 collected within this gastrointestinal tract. 00:34:32.389 --> 00:34:36.369 But it also could be this control of the light 00:34:36.369 --> 00:34:40.869 and how it controls the body. When our light 00:34:40.869 --> 00:34:44.889 is right, the proper biology are very specific. 00:34:45.099 --> 00:34:48.300 with the hormone release you might you might 00:34:48.300 --> 00:34:53.340 know that cortisol spikes in the morning and 00:34:53.340 --> 00:34:58.099 through the day and melatonin is suppressed and 00:34:58.099 --> 00:35:02.599 then at night cortisol is suppressed and melatonin 00:35:02.599 --> 00:35:05.699 spikes and these are kind of anti -correlated 00:35:05.699 --> 00:35:10.139 and this is proper for the human biology everything 00:35:10.139 --> 00:35:14.059 though with the ghrelin and leptin these are 00:35:14.059 --> 00:35:18.110 specific spikes and suppressions. Everything 00:35:18.110 --> 00:35:22.969 like this must be in sync based off of how we've 00:35:22.969 --> 00:35:27.170 evolved. But recently, within the last 100 years 00:35:27.170 --> 00:35:30.869 or so, the clock timing have spiraled out of 00:35:30.869 --> 00:35:34.630 control. And remember, all cells, organs, and 00:35:34.630 --> 00:35:38.570 tissues are clocked timed based off of the master 00:35:38.570 --> 00:35:42.570 clock. In the hypothalamus, the super -cosmetic 00:35:42.570 --> 00:35:47.030 nucleus, or SCN, And this is controlled by light. 00:35:47.929 --> 00:35:50.469 And we're seeing a lot of different health conditions 00:35:50.469 --> 00:35:54.250 because of this. The clock timing and the release 00:35:54.250 --> 00:35:57.349 of all of these biological components, the activation 00:35:57.349 --> 00:36:02.090 and inactivation and everything being off, is 00:36:02.090 --> 00:36:06.670 causing harm. Now we've covered, we've established 00:36:06.670 --> 00:36:11.030 how light is crucial for human development and 00:36:11.030 --> 00:36:14.329 through the lifespan over the last few episodes. 00:36:14.639 --> 00:36:17.860 We've established this, how things like POMC, 00:36:18.659 --> 00:36:21.739 and the melanin, and vitamins, such as vitamin 00:36:21.739 --> 00:36:28.039 A, B, D, and so forth, along with various proteins, 00:36:28.300 --> 00:36:31.739 remember the amino acids, and how important those 00:36:31.739 --> 00:36:35.119 are for sequencing other proteins, and DNA and 00:36:35.119 --> 00:36:39.880 RNA. Now we've established today that the research 00:36:39.880 --> 00:36:44.039 is kind of conflicted. There's a, it's confounding. 00:36:44.159 --> 00:36:47.400 was a popular word used while researching the 00:36:47.400 --> 00:36:52.059 GI problems. Despite the what is seemingly good 00:36:52.059 --> 00:36:57.980 controls with sex and diagnoses and age and dietary 00:36:57.980 --> 00:37:01.500 preference restrictions, bowel functioning, bowel 00:37:01.500 --> 00:37:07.000 frequency, various elements to a research project 00:37:07.000 --> 00:37:10.400 are considered. However, the light environment 00:37:10.400 --> 00:37:15.519 and the light exposure are excluded because it's 00:37:15.519 --> 00:37:18.820 not well understood or it's not well accepted 00:37:18.820 --> 00:37:24.099 in better words. However, research does agree 00:37:24.099 --> 00:37:27.579 on things like the cell proliferation, migration, 00:37:27.880 --> 00:37:31.159 differentiation, and the problems with the immune 00:37:31.159 --> 00:37:36.940 and inflammation and all of these different varieties 00:37:36.940 --> 00:37:41.219 of health implications. They are common across 00:37:41.219 --> 00:37:46.059 autism. And we've kind of tied a missing link, 00:37:46.619 --> 00:37:49.880 the missing element that is absolutely crucial 00:37:49.880 --> 00:37:54.239 for all living organisms. Despite autism or not 00:37:54.239 --> 00:37:58.599 autism, this is all living organisms on earth. 00:38:00.260 --> 00:38:03.099 This is where I would like research to spend 00:38:03.099 --> 00:38:06.820 some time on and at least consider. I don't know 00:38:06.820 --> 00:38:10.840 if many researchers or science or the public 00:38:11.150 --> 00:38:15.769 have accepted this. I know a few have, mainly 00:38:15.769 --> 00:38:20.329 my main sources. However, the path of autism 00:38:20.329 --> 00:38:24.010 research is kind of questionable. What is being 00:38:24.010 --> 00:38:29.769 done and what is the outcome? If you are listening, 00:38:29.929 --> 00:38:32.550 please feel free to leave a review or rating. 00:38:33.289 --> 00:38:37.030 In podcasting, reviews, ratings, and downloads 00:38:37.030 --> 00:38:41.449 are huge. and I very much appreciate your feedback. 00:38:42.650 --> 00:38:52.389 You can contact me on x at rps 47586 or on Facebook 00:38:52.389 --> 00:39:01.210 or email info .fromthespectrum .com and you can 00:39:01.210 --> 00:39:05.030 catch the podcast on all or most major platform 00:39:05.030 --> 00:39:10.739 networks. Thank you for listening to From the 00:39:10.739 --> 00:39:12.000 Spectrum Podcast.