Welcome to From the Spectrum Podcast. This is
a podcast about autism. It is my goal to explain
what is autism. I plan to use a mixture of scientific
literature, personal experience, and opinion.
With opinion, I will explain why I feel the way
I do and give examples. I will provide links
to various references for each episode. For each
episode, we will discuss various aspects of autism.
For today's episode, we will explore autism and
the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal
will mostly be referred to as GI or GI tract.
Immediately, the first and likely the most notable
thing to mention. The only thing common about
this research, autism and GI complications, is
this. It exists, and it exists in a large population
of autistics. More on that later. Because of
the inconsistent data in the scientific literature
about autism, and GI complications, we will spend
some time discussing biological development,
the things that's associated with development
of these complicated systems. In addition, we
will spend time discussing what can reestablish
order. Light in our human evolution. Light gives
us information, gives us electromagnetic energy
and power. And that is how living organisms on
earth evolve and live and sustain their species.
We will discuss what can happen and how to fix
these. We will explain biological components
that take this information and provide order.
It takes the chaos from the environment. and
applies order. Now in development, we have this
order, so we have a normal development, but things
in our environment, especially modern environment,
can cause chaos. So insert the common health
implications we see, such as autism, or such
as GI implications, or such as autoimmune implications,
and the aging, the degenerative problems. All
of these are disorder or chaos. However, light
meeting our biological components that are crucial
for development re -establishes order. But first,
the GI tract begins in the mouth, the oral microbiome,
a side note. It's common for autistics to have
something like Sjogren's, which is dry mouth,
Sjogren's syndrome, or polydipsia, and polyura,
which is frequent thirst, frequent urination.
And it is my opinion, and my experience, this
is coming from the oral problem. More specifically,
dry mouth. Some cases of hyponatremia, such as
low sodium, and an anti -diuretic hormone. Remember
the roles of oxytocin and vasopressin? in the
Autistic Phenotype episode. Vasopressin, a separate
type of vasopressin. However, upstream of the
biosynthesis of this hormone could be shared
implications. Now, it's understood that the dry
mouth occurs, but what is not really explained
besides the dry mouth are the reasons why the
dry mouth. And I think It's some sort of signaling
problem and bad communication between cells and
systems, such as the hormone systems that regulate
this, the sodium and the saliva. Let's continue
down the track. The pharynx or throat, esophagus,
the stomach, the small and large intestines,
and all the way out. you get the picture. A buzzword
is the gut -brain axis or the gut microbiome.
The gut -brain axis is connected by nerves. Nerves
for sending information in a feed -forward feedback
communication loop. This communication is between
the central nervous system, the brain, the branch
that we mostly discuss, and the enteric nervous
system. Often, you will hear the enteric nervous
system referred to as the gut brain. The number
of neurons in the enteric nervous system equals
the number of neurons in the spinal cord. The
intercan system, our hormones, of course, are
regions of interest here, too. In large part,
the hypothalamus. But first, the branches of
the autonomic nervous system act to control or
prioritize the GI tract. If you are stressed,
your mouth might get dry, your heart rate might
change, breathing, both the rate and the depth
might change, and Uncomfortable fillings from
the stomach. Remember, the hypothalamus regulates
the hormones. And an area of our biggest region
of interest from the Cause of Autism episode
and Autism and the Embryo episode is POMC, Pro
-Opio -Melano -Cortin. This activates cortisol
and insulin. Cortisol Well, and insulin, too,
from the glucocorticoids. This begins in the
POMC subdivision of the hypothalamus. There is
another axis, HPA, hypothalamic pituitary adrenals.
Remember autism and anxiety episode 2. When the
sympathetic branch is activated, Our digestive
tract will stop. The body determines other peripheral
organs are more useful. And you can think of
this in simple terms. If you are stressed, you're
not likely to eat. With that, the sympathetic
branch is not all about stress or the so -called
fight -flight -freeze conundrum. I'm not a big
fan. of those descriptors. Those are just simple
descriptions. Immune responses are regions of
interest too. But first back to POMC. POMC and
gut microbiome have a bi -directional influence
as previously just introduced. What is missing
in much of the research, the development and
function is light. Light is the regulator. Before
we get more into some biology, let's touch on
autism. Common GI problems, and I should mention
these are in no way only tied to autistics. IBS
and IBD, and consistency with bowels, abdominal
pain, allergies. food sensitivity, bloated, or
anemia. Here is the complicated part about autism
and GI or the gut microbiota. Everything is inconsistent
except some sort of GI problems exist. 50 to
80 percent of autistics have GI problems. Back
to POMC, remember melanin, a black pigment that
absorbs all frequency of light. Melanin in the
gut are enterochromaffin cells. Enterochromaffin
cells will be our most critical region of interest.
Melanin and enterochromaffin cells works with
the microbiome. That's releasing light. Light,
like the cause of autism and autism in the embryo,
is it. Enterochromathin stores serotonin, phenylalanine,
and tyrosine in the gut. We will explore vitamin
D receptors, or VDR, the biosynthesis of vitamin
D, TPH1 and serotonin, which is from tryptophan.
Remember, TPH1 is tryptophan, hydroxylase 1 for
the peripheral, tyrosine and phenylalanine, so
those three aromatic amino acids. And briefly
about chemo sensors, cryptochromes, and cholesterol.
Everything just mentioned are crucial for the
GI and gut microbiome. And all of those have
unique light absorption spectra. First, remember,
95 % of the body serotonin is in the gut. And
remember, serotonin is the first biological component
researched, to my knowledge, with autism. in
1961. Gut serotonin, or enterochromathin cells,
and tryptophan hydroxylase 1, TPH1, synthesize
this. It is common to read research target this
as a possible therapeutic option. Great. More
drug treatment doesn't fix the problem. and it
doesn't fix the root cause. In addition, serotonin
here is vital and plays a role in immune inflammatory
axis. Hard stop here. What autism is, is likely
an autoimmune condition. Immune and inflammation.
Inflammation. at its core is an imbalance of
electrons and protons, which we kind of discussed
without saying much of it in the Cause of Autism
episode. Serotonin is vital for GI physiology
and a huge part of autism, cell proliferation,
migration, and differentiation. This is autism.
This is what autism is and how it's developed.
However, it cannot be explained. The whys and
hows cannot be explained. Let's dive into enterochromathin
cells. Enterochromathin cells have receptors
for sensing chemicals. Chemical changes in the
gut. Different nutrients and metabolites and
this signals serotonin. Serotonin rolls here
and this is likely isn't exhaustive. Pain perception,
remember this is similar to brain serotonin from
the Raphae. It's about having, being comfortable
with the self and the time. that spatial -temporal
relationship, and also mood and behavior. This
is chemosensory cells. Research used fluorescent
chemosensory with specific wavelengths of light.
Sensory paths. Enterochromathin sends sensory
signals to the central nervous system. In large
part, for physiology and behavioral shifts. Okay,
melanin. Melanin and omentum, which translates
to apron, is at the lower part of the stomach,
right below the curvature. The curvature, the
greater curvature, begins with the transverse
colon. It kind of separates the stomach in this
transverse colon. The omentum is paramount for
the gut and helps with the clocked timing of
the cells. Omentum is a large flat adipose tissue
nestles on our organs. It plays a function in
immune regulation in tissues and regeneration.
All cells, organs, and tissues are clocked timed.
See the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology Medicine.
Humans evolved in light and dark, a two -part
process. But light has changed drastically. The
type of light and the timing of light. Melanin
links palm seed gene and the skin. The skin on
the gut is similar to the RPE, the retinal pigment
epithelium in your eyes which absorbs the light.
Melanin is the powerhouse for the eyes and therefore
the brain. Remember only the past six years or
so research published melanopsin receptors are
all over the brain. For the gut The skin full
of these melanocytes is the powerhouse, which
targets those enterochromathin cells. Remember
how light develops the neuroectoderm and the
peripheral side, the tissues and organs and so
forth. Light is doing this with inside the gut
as well. And vitamin D are crucial here too.
A side note, If you have acute stomach problems,
gas, burping, pains, any acute problem, go outside
and get sunlight directly on the skin of your
gut. Evaluate it in just a few minutes or so.
That's my experience and it is reliable. Just
give it a few minutes. Now based on reward prediction
error, Remember the discussions on the nucleus
accumbens in that ventral striatum area of the
brain. Reward prediction error will cause you
to have unreasonable expectations. So when doing
this, when doing this outside with the sun on
your skin, on your gut skin, have reasonable
expectations and evaluate it then. Reward prediction
error is dopamine. which is wanting. You're wanting
something. You're wanting a result. And you might,
it might interfere with your ability to evaluate
and understand. Because you might be expecting
some magical elixir, some magical happenings
here. But just be mindful during the evaluation
of this tool. Today, people can just eat things
like antacids or indigestion medications or prebiotics
and probiotics and they can just rely on these
over -the -counter medications or even a prescription
medication and it's just influencing their ability
to understand natural and nature's biology and
how we've evolved. One last note until vitamin
D. We've discussed some neuromodulators, such
as serotonin and dopamine. And these are much
more than what people think in the human body.
Melanin is too. Melanin is much more. Bacteria
in the gut, which we will discuss more in a moment,
bacteria emits light and make dopamine from the
aromatic amino acids inside the gut. This is
a biosynthesis of dopamine from the peripheral,
from the gut. Okay, VDR. VDR is highly expressed
in the intestines. Remember, vitamin D for the
body and organs, and vitamin A for the eyes and
brain. These are powerhouses for the development
in these specific areas. Vitamin D and its biosynthesis
components range from 220 to 315 nanometer light.
So it requires VUVC, UVB, and UVA, strong light
wavelengths. Scan controls the gut microbiome,
and these are all clock timed. The clock hit.
enterocytes and control metabolism. So in other
words, sun or the light hits the skin and they
become clock -timed based off of that information.
The clocks from the gut target the enterocytes
and control metabolism of our microbiome, which
is VDR in large part. The clock -timed mechanisms
are essential. They are everything. Everything
in the human body is clock -timed. Cortisol starts
the brain when you awake. And vasoactive intestinal
peptide. If your light is right, ghrelin. You
might have heard of ghrelin with hunger. Ghrelin
sends information to the pituitary. Remember
the P from the HPA axis. Grelin is also controlled
by the information and energy from the skin.
A buzzword recently with the obesity problem
is grelin and leptin. One, these are clock -timed.
And two, they are clock -timed based off of light
information. Blue light, which is our main source
of artificial light now, LED, indoor lighting,
tech light, all of these are blue light. This
sparks up and creates cortisol and glucose without
eating. Okay, melatonin is a regulator of this,
the ghrelin. The ghrelin spikes or activates
Now, generationally, it is common for these mechanisms
to be abnormal because of the different light.
Sunlight is optimal. Artificial light is harmful.
Remember Palm Sea. Remember research on autism
and hormones have more traction lately. You can
think obesity and autism are quite similar. I
did not say one causes the other, or I did not
say they are often comorbid. What I am saying
is there is a lot of uncoupling and alterations
in the biology of both. And the cause is the
same. Remember, implications upstream can look
very different downstream. In other words, Abnormal
biology can cause various conditions. OK, so
I'm biosynthesis of vitamin D, just briefly.
The synthesis includes pre -vitamin D at 260
nanometer light. This is similar to absorption
for DNA and RNA and protects DNA and RNA. So
in other words, Pre -Vitamin D protects the DNA
and RNA, and it requires the same wavelength
of light to sequence. Pre -Vitamin D converts
to tachysterol 2, and this peaks at 282 nanometer
light. The tachysterol absorption is the same
as the two aromatic amino acids, tyrosine. and
tryptophan. Our commonly discussed proteins.
Also, they have connections to cryptochromes,
a critical component of circadian rhythms. Remember
the clock timing, which is a large role in the
gut microbiome. Cryptochromes are photoreceptors.
Two. I say two as in also. Because we have many
photoreceptors. A lot of our biology that we
discuss are photoreceptors. Tachysterol creates
pro -vitamin D3, which requires 290 to 315 nanometer
light. A side note, cholesterol and vitamin D3
interact here. And this explains the problems
across society with cholesterol and CBD. And
why the majority of the population above 40 or
so are on statins. And cancers, the rates of
cancer is directly linked to vitamin D. And you
can see this. You know people avoid the UV light.
People are told that it's harmful and they cover
up. But yet, our health implications are spiraling
out of control. Yet, our critical biology components
require this light. Remember our built -in sunscreen
with the red light and the near infrared light
and the infrared light. Working with UVA. These
two things, UVA and the red light spectrum, are
internal and endogenous sunscreens Mother Nature
has given us over evolution. Okay, some side
notes. However, relatable to our conversation,
these are shared implications upstream. It happens.
The implications and depletions Interact with
development. Our more specific topic. These implications
that we discussed with the vitamin D and all
of those proteins implicate development. Okay,
what does the scientific literature say about
autism and GI problems? One, as I mentioned in
the beginning of the episode, it occurs 50 to
80 percent or so. But two, everything is inconsistent.
The one thing that is consistent is it's common
in research literature that you hear the word
confounding. Results and data are confounding.
There is so much going on with this track, with
this gut microbiome, the whole gut brain axis
communication point. And remember the number
of neurons mentioned in the enteric nervous system.
So there are a lot happening here. So one, one
study by Sue et al. asked a question. Whether
gut, archaea, bacteria, fungi, viruses, microbiogenes
have a function in the altered autism implication.
The study took fecal samples of 1 ,027 samples
ages 1 to 13, and 24 .4 % of these are female.
So a good ratio that represents the population.
With autism, there are 14 identified archaea
problems, 51 bacteria problems, 7 fungi, 18 viruses,
27 microbiome genes, and 12 metabolic pathways
were altered with the autism spectrum subjects.
Now, common in the GI tract, common regions of
interest are archaea, bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Archaea? are single -celled organisms. Most common
are methanogens, and these produce methane and
are a byproduct of fermentation. Now, you will
often hear fiber foods are good for the gut,
and maybe that's true, but I am going to subordinate
here. I'm going to put these in a hierarchy.
Fermented foods are optimal for the gut. over
fiber. Okay, bacteria. Bacteria are single -celled
prokaryotes. Their roles include digestion, metabolism,
and immune system. Bacteria synthesize vitamins.
It is understood that archaea and bacteria are
two primary domains of life. Life on Earth. Fungi
are eukaryotic organisms such as yeast, mold,
and mushrooms, and balances the microbiome and
influences the immune system. Regulates permeability
and inflammation. Viruses. Regulates and influences
bacteria. and the overall composition and diversity
of the gut microbiome. This study highlighted
obiquinol 7, which is in the family member of
CoQ10, coenzyme Q10, and thiamine diphosphate.
Both of these are involved in the TCA cycle.
Remember, Hans Krebs. For CoQ10, it is a fat
soluble. in every cell membrane. Its role is
a familiar one for the podcast. Transferring
electrons in mitochondrial oxidative respiration
chain while producing ATP. Obicunon is an antioxidant
that helps prevent cell damage caused by free
radicals. Remember, we discussed free radicals.
in the Cause of Autism episode. Obicunol 7, as
the study highlighted, is a special isoform from
the CoQ10 family. They have unique absorption
rates and bioavailability. Two main roles appear
to be cell energy production, remember the roles
in mitochondria and ATP, and as an antioxidant.
Thiamine diphosphate are derivatives of B1, which
is thiamine. Both abicunol and thiamine metabolites
play crucial roles in neural signaling transduction.
Now, this particular study, the benefits of this
study is there were 31 marker panels. that were
consistent with the autistic person, the autistic
subjects. 31 marker panels from those four outlined
sources, archaea, bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
For the microbiome, there are inconsistent data.
However, I think this is telling. One, the spectrum
and not limited to classifying autistic phenotypes.
But, two, what we've been discussing here, with
the implications upstream, the atomic and light
and melanin and so forth, the implications look
differently downstream. Now, a part of the research
on autism and GI, or a lot of GI, research will
suggest The inconsistency will be based on dietary.
Dietary is a very distal secondary component.
Very distal. It is the light and the atomic features
in development that is the spectrum. That is
the variability, not food. They need to normalize
and control for light with each individual. This
is the primary cause. Light is the region of
interest because we've discussed the clock timing
and the development and how they interact based
off of the light source and things like melanin
and different vitamins and proteins. This is
what's happening. This is how it's created and
is processing in real time. I looked through
several data sets. several different scientific
literature papers, meta -analysis and multi -level
meta -analysis. And these studies are normalizing
for age and sex and autism and dietary restrictions
or dietary, typical dietary and bowel functioning.
There's a lot of controls that are being normalized
and grouped. However, a lot is still missing,
it seems. There are a lot of inconsistency. Now,
that could be the amount of data that can be
collected within this gastrointestinal tract.
But it also could be this control of the light
and how it controls the body. When our light
is right, the proper biology are very specific.
with the hormone release you might you might
know that cortisol spikes in the morning and
through the day and melatonin is suppressed and
then at night cortisol is suppressed and melatonin
spikes and these are kind of anti -correlated
and this is proper for the human biology everything
though with the ghrelin and leptin these are
specific spikes and suppressions. Everything
like this must be in sync based off of how we've
evolved. But recently, within the last 100 years
or so, the clock timing have spiraled out of
control. And remember, all cells, organs, and
tissues are clocked timed based off of the master
clock. In the hypothalamus, the super -cosmetic
nucleus, or SCN, And this is controlled by light.
And we're seeing a lot of different health conditions
because of this. The clock timing and the release
of all of these biological components, the activation
and inactivation and everything being off, is
causing harm. Now we've covered, we've established
how light is crucial for human development and
through the lifespan over the last few episodes.
We've established this, how things like POMC,
and the melanin, and vitamins, such as vitamin
A, B, D, and so forth, along with various proteins,
remember the amino acids, and how important those
are for sequencing other proteins, and DNA and
RNA. Now we've established today that the research
is kind of conflicted. There's a, it's confounding.
was a popular word used while researching the
GI problems. Despite the what is seemingly good
controls with sex and diagnoses and age and dietary
preference restrictions, bowel functioning, bowel
frequency, various elements to a research project
are considered. However, the light environment
and the light exposure are excluded because it's
not well understood or it's not well accepted
in better words. However, research does agree
on things like the cell proliferation, migration,
differentiation, and the problems with the immune
and inflammation and all of these different varieties
of health implications. They are common across
autism. And we've kind of tied a missing link,
the missing element that is absolutely crucial
for all living organisms. Despite autism or not
autism, this is all living organisms on earth.
This is where I would like research to spend
some time on and at least consider. I don't know
if many researchers or science or the public
have accepted this. I know a few have, mainly
my main sources. However, the path of autism
research is kind of questionable. What is being
done and what is the outcome? If you are listening,
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Spectrum Podcast.