WEBVTT 00:00:02.080 --> 00:00:06.480 Welcome to From the Spectrum podcast. This is 00:00:06.480 --> 00:00:11.640 a podcast about autism. It is my goal to explain 00:00:11.640 --> 00:00:17.839 what is autism. I plan to use a mixture of scientific 00:00:17.839 --> 00:00:21.640 literature, personal experience, and opinion. 00:00:22.399 --> 00:00:25.679 With opinion, I will explain why I feel the way 00:00:25.679 --> 00:00:30.500 I do and give examples. I will provide links 00:00:30.500 --> 00:00:34.880 to various references for each episode. For each 00:00:34.880 --> 00:00:38.880 episode, we will discuss various aspects of autism. 00:00:41.719 --> 00:00:45.700 For today's episode, we will cover mitochondria. 00:00:47.119 --> 00:00:51.280 The mitochondria, which is plural, mitochondrion, 00:00:51.479 --> 00:00:57.929 singular, are vast for living organisms. Often 00:00:57.929 --> 00:01:01.270 mitochondria are considered the powerhouse of 00:01:01.270 --> 00:01:07.989 the cell. We've covered light, water, and magnetism 00:01:07.989 --> 00:01:12.390 as the central foundation of life, including 00:01:12.390 --> 00:01:18.349 human life. Today we will have more understanding 00:01:18.349 --> 00:01:22.189 of these three critical components in our living 00:01:22.189 --> 00:01:28.390 organism. Today's episode is an introduction 00:01:28.390 --> 00:01:34.329 because mitochondria is very critical in this 00:01:34.329 --> 00:01:38.670 discussion and we cannot cover everything. We 00:01:38.670 --> 00:01:42.650 will prepare for a future episode featuring an 00:01:42.650 --> 00:01:48.090 expert, an MD, and a PhD in biophysics to explain 00:01:48.090 --> 00:01:53.730 the roles of autism and mitochondria. If you 00:01:53.730 --> 00:01:58.390 go to PubMed, and type in just a broad search 00:01:58.390 --> 00:02:02.409 of mitochondria into the PubMed's search engine. 00:02:03.109 --> 00:02:07.290 You will see recently, over the last one to two 00:02:07.290 --> 00:02:11.310 decades, the number of publishings on mitochondria 00:02:11.310 --> 00:02:16.469 have a vast and sharp increase. The understanding 00:02:16.469 --> 00:02:20.729 of mitochondria is becoming more apparent. The 00:02:20.729 --> 00:02:25.669 roles in human biology and health versus senescence 00:02:25.669 --> 00:02:31.009 and death is becoming more recognized. What we 00:02:31.009 --> 00:02:34.129 will talk about are not topics that help our 00:02:34.129 --> 00:02:40.569 life. They are topics in our biology that gives 00:02:40.569 --> 00:02:46.729 us life. Most cells have mitochondria. All cells 00:02:46.729 --> 00:02:50.169 except red blood cells and two types of cells 00:02:50.169 --> 00:02:53.330 from the autism and gastrointestinal episodes. 00:02:53.900 --> 00:03:00.020 bacteria, and archaea. Red blood cells use deuterium 00:03:00.020 --> 00:03:04.199 water, and you will find out mitochondria's role 00:03:04.199 --> 00:03:08.960 of producing water. Mitochondria needs a different 00:03:08.960 --> 00:03:14.180 type of water than blood or hemoglobin. Red blood 00:03:14.180 --> 00:03:18.500 cells use hemoglobin, which allows optimal oxygen 00:03:18.500 --> 00:03:22.800 transportation. You will soon find out oxygen 00:03:22.909 --> 00:03:28.189 and the mitochondria is delicate. Bacteria and 00:03:28.189 --> 00:03:31.650 archaea, their absence of mitochondria is because 00:03:31.650 --> 00:03:36.810 those are prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells 00:03:36.810 --> 00:03:41.889 are less complex, and then eukaryotic cells are 00:03:41.889 --> 00:03:46.810 more complex. All the organelles within a cell 00:03:46.810 --> 00:03:51.169 nucleus, including mitochondria, it's believed 00:03:51.169 --> 00:03:55.300 that everything in the cell nucleus was once 00:03:55.300 --> 00:03:59.439 independent or separate from each other. And 00:03:59.439 --> 00:04:02.699 the collection of these different organelles 00:04:02.699 --> 00:04:06.520 coming together in the cell nucleus gives rise 00:04:06.520 --> 00:04:10.840 to more complex living organisms, to more complex 00:04:10.840 --> 00:04:17.040 life. In the prokaryotic bacteria and archaea, 00:04:17.120 --> 00:04:22.709 it shares a cytochrome C oxidase. with eukaryotic 00:04:22.709 --> 00:04:27.290 mitochondria cells. In eukaryotic cells that 00:04:27.290 --> 00:04:32.310 more complex cell nucleus in mitochondria, cytochrome 00:04:32.310 --> 00:04:37.189 C oxidase is the fourth of five cytochromes. 00:04:38.110 --> 00:04:41.230 We've talked about humans use photosynthesis. 00:04:42.189 --> 00:04:46.629 This is here. And crucial parts of hemoglobin 00:04:46.629 --> 00:04:51.670 and mitochondria. Hemoglobin and chlorophyll 00:04:51.670 --> 00:04:55.550 are nearly the same, except hemoglobin uses iron. 00:04:56.310 --> 00:05:01.430 Chlorophyll uses magnesium. Iron will be a critical 00:05:01.430 --> 00:05:06.970 part for today. Iron in both blood and the mitochondria 00:05:06.970 --> 00:05:12.329 have magnetic properties. This is a heme sometimes 00:05:12.329 --> 00:05:17.610 called hemoprotein. These are molecules containing 00:05:17.610 --> 00:05:22.420 iron. which binds to oxygen. Remember the magnetic 00:05:22.420 --> 00:05:28.120 part of the story. HEMES store and transport 00:05:28.120 --> 00:05:32.980 globins. Hence, hemoglobin conserves energy, 00:05:33.399 --> 00:05:39.279 our area for today. Photosynthesis and respiratory 00:05:39.279 --> 00:05:43.000 cytochromes, which will be most of our conversation, 00:05:44.040 --> 00:05:48.800 is also a catalyst, meaning starting or accelerating, 00:05:49.759 --> 00:05:55.560 and hemes since changes in redox states. So more 00:05:55.560 --> 00:06:00.279 involvement with oxygen. So a brief recap. The 00:06:00.279 --> 00:06:04.720 elements that we will discuss. It's energy, oxygen, 00:06:05.660 --> 00:06:12.160 water, proteins, ions, both negative ions, which 00:06:12.160 --> 00:06:16.959 are electrons, and positive ions, which are protons. 00:06:18.000 --> 00:06:22.939 and the electromagnetic fields. Light is a driving 00:06:22.939 --> 00:06:27.439 force. Light, or a lack of light depending on 00:06:27.439 --> 00:06:32.199 the cellular state and function. Meaning, if 00:06:32.199 --> 00:06:35.759 the cell is active and functioning and healthy, 00:06:36.180 --> 00:06:40.319 it's receiving optimal light, optimal electromagnetic 00:06:40.319 --> 00:06:46.420 fields. If the cell is lacking, lacking energy, 00:06:46.569 --> 00:06:50.990 or cell death even, it is neglected from these 00:06:50.990 --> 00:06:56.389 energy properties. The powerhouse of the cell, 00:06:56.930 --> 00:07:01.829 the mitochondria, and cellular respiration. There 00:07:01.829 --> 00:07:03.990 are three components that we will spend most 00:07:03.990 --> 00:07:08.670 of the time on. These are all energy producing 00:07:08.670 --> 00:07:16.699 paths. One is glycolysis. Two is citric acid 00:07:16.699 --> 00:07:22.439 cycle, or sometimes called TCA cycle, or even 00:07:22.439 --> 00:07:26.740 Krebs cycle. This is briefly mentioned in Cause 00:07:26.740 --> 00:07:31.959 of Autism episode. Hans Krebs, the Nobel winner, 00:07:32.500 --> 00:07:36.220 this was mentioned around minute 16 of the Cause 00:07:36.220 --> 00:07:40.360 of Autism episode. Also, Albert St. Georges, 00:07:40.600 --> 00:07:44.379 another Nobel winner, has critical roles here 00:07:44.379 --> 00:07:48.689 with that the protein discovering the semi -conduction. 00:07:49.290 --> 00:07:51.529 Essentially what we're talking about, with all 00:07:51.529 --> 00:07:54.110 of those ingredients mentioned earlier, those 00:07:54.110 --> 00:07:58.230 elements, we are creating semi -conductive properties. 00:07:59.870 --> 00:08:03.589 And the third component of the cellular respiration 00:08:03.589 --> 00:08:08.730 is oxidative phosphorylation. This will include 00:08:08.730 --> 00:08:12.730 the electron transport chain, also briefly mentioned 00:08:12.730 --> 00:08:18.879 in previous episodes. the ATPase and chemiosmosis 00:08:18.879 --> 00:08:23.560 or the movement of ions across membranes and 00:08:23.560 --> 00:08:29.019 across the gradient. First is glycolysis. This 00:08:29.019 --> 00:08:33.059 is glucose metabolism that creates two molecules 00:08:33.059 --> 00:08:38.480 of pyruvate. You probably know glucose is released 00:08:38.480 --> 00:08:44.019 for energy. This is where it takes action. This 00:08:44.019 --> 00:08:49.039 is the cell's cytoplasm. The goal is to break 00:08:49.039 --> 00:08:53.240 down glucose and use a transporter to enter the 00:08:53.240 --> 00:08:58.360 mitochondria. Glucose binds to insulin and there 00:08:58.360 --> 00:09:02.759 is a straw -like feature for a transporter which 00:09:02.759 --> 00:09:08.399 allows the glucose to enter. Pyruvate kinase 00:09:08.399 --> 00:09:16.710 isoform M2 or PKM2 is labeled metabolic budgeting 00:09:16.710 --> 00:09:21.690 system. This is a factor in autistic biology. 00:09:23.330 --> 00:09:32.309 Pyruvate has ATP and NADH outputs. ATP is adenosine 00:09:32.309 --> 00:09:36.269 triphosphate, which transfers energy. This is 00:09:36.269 --> 00:09:40.450 what we are trying to achieve in cellular respiration. 00:09:41.409 --> 00:09:48.450 The NADH carries electrons. With oxygen and pyruvate, 00:09:49.110 --> 00:09:53.809 acetyl coenzyme A, sometimes shown as acetyl 00:09:53.809 --> 00:09:59.929 COA, is created in the citric acid. The TCA cycle 00:09:59.929 --> 00:10:06.309 needs it. It needs it. The citric acid cycle. 00:10:06.610 --> 00:10:10.649 This occurs in the mitochondria matrix and is 00:10:10.649 --> 00:10:15.340 central. driver for cellular respiration. The 00:10:15.340 --> 00:10:19.419 cycle is used to release stored energy from oxidation 00:10:19.419 --> 00:10:25.360 of acetyl coenzyme A, which is derived from carbohydrates 00:10:25.360 --> 00:10:31.399 and fats or protein into carbon dioxide and chemical 00:10:31.399 --> 00:10:41.029 energy of ATP. It also produces NADH and FADH2. 00:10:42.049 --> 00:10:48.610 These are coenzymes. FADH2 is a cofactor. These 00:10:48.610 --> 00:10:57.789 are required for metabolism. FADH2 and NADH are 00:10:57.789 --> 00:11:01.649 catabolism, which breaks down complex molecules, 00:11:01.870 --> 00:11:05.649 which we've discussed into simpler forms. Simpler 00:11:05.649 --> 00:11:09.220 molecules. then mechanisms can use these simple 00:11:09.220 --> 00:11:15.379 forms for energy. This is life. This is upstream 00:11:15.379 --> 00:11:24.340 metabolism. NADH and FADH2, the electron carriers, 00:11:25.059 --> 00:11:30.139 are crucial. We will cover all five of the cytochromes 00:11:30.139 --> 00:11:35.139 in the electron transport chain and the ATPase 00:11:35.139 --> 00:11:40.429 momentarily. Both glycolysis and the citric acid 00:11:40.429 --> 00:11:49.470 cycle uses NAD +, breaking it down to NADH. Glycolysis 00:11:49.470 --> 00:11:53.169 and the citric acid cycle, which has many components, 00:11:53.490 --> 00:11:57.029 moving parts, they are like conveyor belts, feeding 00:11:57.029 --> 00:12:01.029 into the cytochromes in the electron transport 00:12:01.029 --> 00:12:08.049 chain. Now, oxidative phosphorylation. This is 00:12:08.049 --> 00:12:13.389 where the magic happens. But without glycolysis 00:12:13.389 --> 00:12:19.149 and without the citric acid, oxidative phosphorylation 00:12:19.149 --> 00:12:24.309 suffers. This is the final stage of cellular 00:12:24.309 --> 00:12:28.750 respiration. This includes the electron transport 00:12:28.750 --> 00:12:37.740 chain and ATP synthase and chemiosmosis, ATP 00:12:37.740 --> 00:12:42.059 generated in one of these two metabolic pathways, 00:12:42.740 --> 00:12:47.059 glycolysis and or oxidative phosphorylation. 00:12:48.779 --> 00:12:52.259 We've discussed, just briefly, the electron transport 00:12:52.259 --> 00:12:58.019 chain and the cytochromes involved. Cytochromes 00:12:58.019 --> 00:13:01.580 are chromophores. In other words, these are a 00:13:01.580 --> 00:13:06.799 unique type of protein. This translates into 00:13:06.799 --> 00:13:11.480 color and carriers of. Chromophores, I'll say 00:13:11.480 --> 00:13:16.879 again, translates into color and carriers of. 00:13:18.299 --> 00:13:22.639 It means they absorb specific wavelength of light. 00:13:23.620 --> 00:13:27.220 And you know the position on the cause of autism 00:13:27.220 --> 00:13:31.159 and all of the chronic diseases that are just 00:13:31.159 --> 00:13:35.139 downstream of essentially everything we're talking 00:13:35.139 --> 00:13:41.059 about today. Today's conversation will take us 00:13:41.059 --> 00:13:44.539 essentially as far upstream in human functioning, 00:13:44.860 --> 00:13:48.840 human metabolism, and biological sequencing as 00:13:48.840 --> 00:13:56.200 we can go. Cytochrome 1, or sometimes called 00:13:56.200 --> 00:14:03.200 abicuinon, the products of glycolysis are oxidized 00:14:03.200 --> 00:14:08.940 here. transferring two electrons from NADH to 00:14:08.940 --> 00:14:14.980 FMN or flavin. You might have heard of flavin 00:14:14.980 --> 00:14:19.200 products, such as green tea or supplemental form. 00:14:20.659 --> 00:14:26.039 The electrons are then used in CoQ10. You might 00:14:26.039 --> 00:14:28.519 have even heard about this or seen it on your 00:14:28.519 --> 00:14:32.179 supplement aisle in your supplement store or 00:14:32.179 --> 00:14:38.750 grocery store. CoQ10 is a coenzyme, and these 00:14:38.750 --> 00:14:44.549 are lipophilic. In its reduced form, ubiquinol, 00:14:44.710 --> 00:14:49.610 also in cytochrome 1, are eight iron sulfur clusters. 00:14:50.129 --> 00:14:54.470 So here we are with the iron. Remember the magnetic 00:14:54.470 --> 00:15:00.429 field and hydrogen. Hydrogen and electrons are 00:15:00.429 --> 00:15:02.970 produced. They are broken down from these separate 00:15:03.600 --> 00:15:09.059 processes and produced here. Then we move to 00:15:09.059 --> 00:15:14.639 cytochrome 2. This uses electrons from succunate 00:15:14.639 --> 00:15:19.159 in the citric acid cycle. And we are passing 00:15:19.159 --> 00:15:23.440 electrons down the path using iron sulfur clusters 00:15:23.440 --> 00:15:31.940 and CoQ10 to cytochrome 3. Succunate is a catalyst. 00:15:32.200 --> 00:15:36.720 of the oxidative process being fed to cytochrome 00:15:36.720 --> 00:15:40.980 3, which will turn these products into water. 00:15:41.740 --> 00:15:46.919 Essentially, we are making water and ATP. You 00:15:46.919 --> 00:15:51.779 might have heard of ROS, reactive oxidative stress. 00:15:52.879 --> 00:15:55.740 This is cytochrome 3. This process that we're 00:15:55.740 --> 00:16:00.240 working up to will take oxygen and create water. 00:16:01.129 --> 00:16:04.190 The whole purpose of breaking these molecules 00:16:04.190 --> 00:16:09.529 down into smaller molecules is this. Cytochrome 00:16:09.529 --> 00:16:15.490 3 is called cytochrome C reductase. Heme proteins 00:16:15.490 --> 00:16:19.909 and iron sulfur clusters are used. Heme groups 00:16:19.909 --> 00:16:25.029 alternate between ferrous and ferric. Proton 00:16:25.029 --> 00:16:28.950 gradients begin to add up. A two -step Q cycle 00:16:28.950 --> 00:16:34.009 is used. to move into cytochrome C oxidase. This 00:16:34.009 --> 00:16:36.590 is a transfer and breaking down of processes 00:16:36.590 --> 00:16:41.429 or elements, because cytochrome C can only accept 00:16:41.429 --> 00:16:46.190 a single electron at one time. So this occurs 00:16:46.190 --> 00:16:51.830 in two steps. The cytochrome 3 also releases 00:16:51.830 --> 00:16:55.769 the four protons. And just a special note about 00:16:55.769 --> 00:16:59.659 the hydrogen, too. Hydrogen is building up and 00:16:59.659 --> 00:17:04.019 is necessary. So we are processing different 00:17:04.019 --> 00:17:07.359 elements, different molecules I should say, into 00:17:07.359 --> 00:17:11.839 the matrix and the intermembrane. And this brings 00:17:11.839 --> 00:17:16.059 us to maybe the most underrated or not appreciated 00:17:16.059 --> 00:17:20.400 process in the whole mitochondria. And that's 00:17:20.400 --> 00:17:24.579 the creation of water. Now, I ran through the 00:17:24.579 --> 00:17:27.299 first processes to get to this point. fairly 00:17:27.299 --> 00:17:31.539 quickly, and I did not highlight the elements 00:17:31.539 --> 00:17:35.259 or the molecules that's being produced, the amount 00:17:35.259 --> 00:17:39.940 of them, and essentially I didn't mention the 00:17:39.940 --> 00:17:44.920 reasons. However, we are here for these reasons 00:17:44.920 --> 00:17:49.160 right now. One is to get to cytochrome C oxidase 00:17:49.160 --> 00:17:53.420 as fast as possible. And two, there are obviously 00:17:53.420 --> 00:17:56.079 lots of molecules and atomic processes going 00:17:56.079 --> 00:17:59.420 on here. I want to be mindful of the podcast. 00:17:59.720 --> 00:18:03.160 I want to be mindful of the information regarding 00:18:03.160 --> 00:18:07.039 autism. Because you might think, we haven't even 00:18:07.039 --> 00:18:12.880 talked about autism. However, I would hold off 00:18:12.880 --> 00:18:18.460 on that thought. So cytochrome C oxidase. Remember, 00:18:18.640 --> 00:18:21.420 this has four red light chromophores from the 00:18:21.420 --> 00:18:27.099 Cause of Autism episode, from 620 to 860 nanometer 00:18:27.099 --> 00:18:33.059 light. This process creates water. The electrons 00:18:33.059 --> 00:18:36.319 we've been transferring and creating, and the 00:18:36.319 --> 00:18:42.079 oxygen that's being created into water. Light. 00:18:42.440 --> 00:18:44.920 Remember the light story, the whole purpose of 00:18:44.920 --> 00:18:51.099 this topic. Light charge separates water. Water 00:18:51.099 --> 00:18:57.880 equals H plus the hydrogen and oxygen and two 00:18:57.880 --> 00:19:03.500 electrons. So how does light create more water? 00:19:04.539 --> 00:19:10.660 We've established light is electromagnetic. Understand 00:19:10.660 --> 00:19:15.500 it? We've established autism is a light story. 00:19:16.559 --> 00:19:21.980 Low electrons, low melanin is a modern human 00:19:21.980 --> 00:19:27.460 phenomena. Also, we've established isolated light, 00:19:27.960 --> 00:19:32.759 especially blue light, dehydrates cells. Well, 00:19:32.880 --> 00:19:37.059 this is it. This is where the damage is in the 00:19:37.059 --> 00:19:42.339 lipid rafts of the process of exchanging these 00:19:42.339 --> 00:19:46.769 molecules from smaller... molecules and transferring 00:19:46.769 --> 00:19:51.150 them down the process. And here is a big takeaway, 00:19:51.529 --> 00:19:54.650 because we've now explained the creation of water 00:19:54.650 --> 00:19:59.529 in the mitochondria. Not all water is equal. 00:20:00.789 --> 00:20:04.250 It changes its physics based on the environment 00:20:04.250 --> 00:20:09.849 it's in. Mitochondria is the reverse process 00:20:09.849 --> 00:20:14.750 of photosynthesis. Instead of producing oxygen 00:20:14.750 --> 00:20:19.089 and sugar like the photosynthesis of a plant, 00:20:19.609 --> 00:20:23.470 the mitochondria produces carbon dioxide and 00:20:23.470 --> 00:20:28.690 water. This water is an electromagnetic capacitor. 00:20:29.789 --> 00:20:34.069 It is a battery. An old car battery uses this 00:20:34.069 --> 00:20:40.349 process. A key note here is water is a dipole. 00:20:40.490 --> 00:20:45.349 meaning the electrons as negative charges and 00:20:45.349 --> 00:20:50.089 protons as positive charges. You know that we 00:20:50.089 --> 00:20:54.490 are creating electrons and protons which are 00:20:54.490 --> 00:20:59.410 crucial ingredients to this process. Now you 00:20:59.410 --> 00:21:03.349 can understand that the iron and some oxygen 00:21:03.349 --> 00:21:08.470 and water, the magnetic properties of these elements 00:21:08.470 --> 00:21:14.980 are crucial. In addition, water is paradoxity, 00:21:15.140 --> 00:21:18.160 meaning it is very responsible for the clock 00:21:18.160 --> 00:21:22.859 timing mechanisms occurring within this mitochondrial 00:21:22.859 --> 00:21:27.680 matrix. Our clock -timed mechanisms are crucial, 00:21:27.880 --> 00:21:31.119 and that begins in the SCN. We've discussed the 00:21:31.119 --> 00:21:35.859 SCN. How and when are all of these elements and 00:21:35.859 --> 00:21:40.559 these biological ingredients functioning? are 00:21:40.559 --> 00:21:44.259 pretty cool. And another note about the water 00:21:44.259 --> 00:21:48.099 here in the mitochondria and just water in general. 00:21:48.839 --> 00:21:53.339 Water is very heat tolerant and we want our mitochondria 00:21:53.339 --> 00:21:56.980 to be this heat and dissipative structure. We 00:21:56.980 --> 00:22:00.619 want massive amounts of energy and production 00:22:00.619 --> 00:22:06.160 here. Mother Nature chose water. It uses water 00:22:06.160 --> 00:22:12.970 accurately here. It's by design. Water, with 00:22:12.970 --> 00:22:16.970 heat tolerant, it can endure so much and be very 00:22:16.970 --> 00:22:20.630 reliable. And also remember melanin from the 00:22:20.630 --> 00:22:24.990 Cause of Autism episode, how melanin is also 00:22:24.990 --> 00:22:29.349 very enduring and can absorb all frequency as 00:22:29.349 --> 00:22:33.890 a light. The light, which is, you know, a vast 00:22:33.890 --> 00:22:37.509 component of this story, and also with the melanin. 00:22:37.500 --> 00:22:41.119 being that neuroprotective. We've discussed that 00:22:41.119 --> 00:22:45.220 neuroprotective role here. It keeps this process 00:22:45.220 --> 00:22:50.819 functioning. Different light has different effects 00:22:50.819 --> 00:22:55.579 on water, has different effects on our electron 00:22:55.579 --> 00:22:58.980 transport chain. Light has different effects 00:22:58.980 --> 00:23:03.400 on the glucose getting to the cytoplasm released 00:23:03.400 --> 00:23:08.869 from the organs. Light Remember the POMC story. 00:23:10.069 --> 00:23:13.029 Remember now that we've discussed glycolysis, 00:23:13.269 --> 00:23:15.369 and remember the previous conversations about 00:23:15.369 --> 00:23:22.670 POMC, PRO, opioid, melanocortin, and how cortisol 00:23:22.670 --> 00:23:26.630 and alpha -melanocyte stimulating hormones, the 00:23:26.630 --> 00:23:31.009 melanin, found throughout the body, on the surface 00:23:31.009 --> 00:23:34.269 and deep inside of us, in tissues and organs, 00:23:34.910 --> 00:23:40.400 are implicated from the light source. Melanin 00:23:40.400 --> 00:23:44.039 here is a different story. Melanin and light 00:23:44.039 --> 00:23:49.779 takes the water and is the semi -conductive properties. 00:23:50.359 --> 00:23:55.220 It uses this in a dissipative structure. In other 00:23:55.220 --> 00:24:00.119 words, it is a method of creating more energy. 00:24:01.220 --> 00:24:05.740 And remember the palm sea and how insulin It's 00:24:05.740 --> 00:24:12.220 generated from here, from CLIP, C -L -I -P. If 00:24:12.220 --> 00:24:16.799 glucose is affected and insulin sensitivity is 00:24:16.799 --> 00:24:21.960 infected, the process getting to the mitochondria 00:24:21.960 --> 00:24:28.019 for glycolysis are implicated. Remember the blue 00:24:28.019 --> 00:24:31.980 light, our modern light now, about 440 to 480 00:24:31.980 --> 00:24:36.980 nanometer light. That's modern LED, and tech 00:24:36.980 --> 00:24:41.420 light. Most, nearly all, of the light exposure 00:24:41.420 --> 00:24:45.940 humans get now falls within this range. And this 00:24:45.940 --> 00:24:50.119 dehydrates cells. Now maybe you can understand 00:24:50.119 --> 00:24:55.200 why. We've talked about cytochrome c -oxidase. 00:24:56.160 --> 00:24:59.980 These dehydrated cells, the implications to water 00:24:59.980 --> 00:25:05.000 production from cytochrome c -oxidase. will cause 00:25:05.000 --> 00:25:09.400 heteroplasma, which is a decrease of water. And 00:25:09.400 --> 00:25:13.079 this is where disease manifests in the body. 00:25:14.259 --> 00:25:19.599 This is lower dissipative ability, meaning as 00:25:19.599 --> 00:25:27.059 we age, water production drops. Okay, so there's 00:25:27.059 --> 00:25:31.319 an understanding that humans are roughly 70 % 00:25:31.319 --> 00:25:35.769 water or so. I don't know what the paradigm suggests, 00:25:35.829 --> 00:25:41.930 but at birth, we are about 80 % water. And that 00:25:41.930 --> 00:25:46.230 is shown to be we decrease water about 10 % every 00:25:46.230 --> 00:25:49.329 decade. Now, Doug Wallace is a good source of 00:25:49.329 --> 00:25:54.529 this, and so is Jack Cruz. As we age and reduce 00:25:54.529 --> 00:25:58.329 our water production, we need to increase the 00:25:58.329 --> 00:26:01.910 electrons getting to the mitochondria level. 00:26:02.170 --> 00:26:05.769 to produce more water. We have to supplement 00:26:05.769 --> 00:26:10.549 our aging and the decrease of electrons with 00:26:10.549 --> 00:26:15.269 proper, that's key here, proper electromagnetic 00:26:15.269 --> 00:26:20.349 fields. The melanin story, which is frequently 00:26:20.349 --> 00:26:24.250 discussed or mentioned at least throughout the 00:26:24.250 --> 00:26:27.150 several episodes of the podcast, this is underrated 00:26:27.150 --> 00:26:32.109 here too. Melanin charge separates water like 00:26:32.109 --> 00:26:35.930 No other element or molecule in the human body. 00:26:36.549 --> 00:26:39.589 And lastly, on the cytochrome c -oxidase for 00:26:39.589 --> 00:26:44.289 now. I mentioned there are four red light chromophores 00:26:44.289 --> 00:26:49.890 in this one protein. Why are there four red light 00:26:49.890 --> 00:26:55.650 chromophores in cytochrome c -oxidase? Why and 00:26:55.650 --> 00:27:02.059 how are humans using this? Especially especially 00:27:02.059 --> 00:27:07.339 with our modern light. Based on some information 00:27:07.339 --> 00:27:11.480 from a decentralized neurosurgeon, he has over 00:27:11.480 --> 00:27:16.299 10 ,000 surgeries in his career. He suggests 00:27:16.299 --> 00:27:20.200 that the red light chromophores and cytochrome 00:27:20.200 --> 00:27:25.059 C oxidase, where water is produced, links the 00:27:25.059 --> 00:27:29.490 entire mitochondrial matrix. including the protein 00:27:29.490 --> 00:27:35.650 metabolism, the TCA cycle glycolysis, and the 00:27:35.650 --> 00:27:40.190 red light chromophore. Red light is what spins 00:27:40.190 --> 00:27:45.950 the FO head and ATP synthase, which is the fifth 00:27:45.950 --> 00:27:50.710 and final cytochrome. Now you can understand, 00:27:51.089 --> 00:27:55.910 maybe you can kind of attach the rates of autism 00:27:56.220 --> 00:28:01.160 follows almost identically with the sources of 00:28:01.160 --> 00:28:04.700 light. One, the timing of artificial light that 00:28:04.700 --> 00:28:07.819 we are under, beginning back in the 1930s with 00:28:07.819 --> 00:28:11.180 the incandescent type, all the way up through 00:28:11.180 --> 00:28:15.920 the LED production and the shift to LED and now 00:28:15.920 --> 00:28:20.720 technology. Technology follows essentially every 00:28:20.720 --> 00:28:24.319 single human being, especially around the ages 00:28:24.319 --> 00:28:28.559 of six to eight. I guess maybe closer to 8 to 00:28:28.559 --> 00:28:32.920 10. People are getting cell phones now. And autism 00:28:32.920 --> 00:28:38.220 is a generational issue. With this light exposure, 00:28:39.079 --> 00:28:42.960 people's water production are decreasing. And 00:28:42.960 --> 00:28:47.880 our melanin inside of us is decreasing. This 00:28:47.880 --> 00:28:53.559 is why light and melanin are the key candidates 00:28:53.559 --> 00:29:01.059 for the cause of autism the light exposure follows 00:29:01.059 --> 00:29:07.019 identically the rates of autism and second thing 00:29:07.019 --> 00:29:11.140 we need to consider is that power source the 00:29:11.140 --> 00:29:16.680 sun spectra at 280 to 3100 nanometers our biology 00:29:16.680 --> 00:29:23.180 is missing those components okay so we make water 00:29:23.289 --> 00:29:26.670 And now let's get to the cytochrome 5, which 00:29:26.670 --> 00:29:33.750 is ATP synthase, ATPase. The hydrogen charge 00:29:33.750 --> 00:29:37.569 separated in cytochrome C oxidase to produce 00:29:37.569 --> 00:29:43.009 water. That charge separation are protons. The 00:29:43.009 --> 00:29:48.089 protons are H plus ions, positive charged ions. 00:29:48.089 --> 00:29:53.950 This is hydrogen. On the ATPase is an FO head. 00:29:55.109 --> 00:30:01.470 FO is a proton channel. In ATPase, the head spins 00:30:01.470 --> 00:30:06.690 9 ,000 to 12 ,000 times per second. And every 00:30:06.690 --> 00:30:12.309 three or four spins creates one ATP. OK, so here's 00:30:12.309 --> 00:30:15.569 some more magnetic properties here. The FO head. 00:30:15.630 --> 00:30:19.069 With that spinning, that rapid spinning creates 00:30:19.069 --> 00:30:24.250 a magnetic field. This is a quantum nano rotary 00:30:24.250 --> 00:30:30.170 engine that works on red light. Where are modern 00:30:30.170 --> 00:30:34.869 humans getting red light? Remember the rant just 00:30:34.869 --> 00:30:38.809 a couple of minutes ago? The sun is 43 to 47 00:30:38.809 --> 00:30:43.769 percent red, but it requires humans to spend 00:30:43.769 --> 00:30:48.880 time under it. And remember our photosynthesis. 00:30:50.099 --> 00:30:54.039 Okay, so why the red light? You remember from 00:30:54.039 --> 00:30:57.140 the Cause of Autism episode, and probably some 00:30:57.140 --> 00:31:00.619 other episodes, that red light penetrates the 00:31:00.619 --> 00:31:04.859 body deeper than any other specter of light, 00:31:05.880 --> 00:31:09.160 including bones. Red light penetrates bones. 00:31:09.539 --> 00:31:13.759 And we remember the antioxidant effect here with 00:31:13.759 --> 00:31:18.329 the with the cancer treatment. Red light is very 00:31:18.329 --> 00:31:23.849 powerful against carcinoma and tumors. And that 00:31:23.849 --> 00:31:29.890 is shown in many, many articles in PubMed. In 00:31:29.890 --> 00:31:32.990 addition, what people might fail to understand 00:31:32.990 --> 00:31:38.390 is, our mitochondria is where 95 % of our melatonin 00:31:38.390 --> 00:31:45.039 is generated. Melatonin is a light hormone. that 00:31:45.039 --> 00:31:50.759 works at night, the absence of light. And this 00:31:50.759 --> 00:31:54.920 is our number one antioxidant. So this is all 00:31:54.920 --> 00:31:58.960 from longer wavelength of light on one side of 00:31:58.960 --> 00:32:03.160 the sun's spectra. But also, you can kind of 00:32:03.160 --> 00:32:06.359 come together here and understand that this is 00:32:06.359 --> 00:32:10.200 more and more of the light story. Light, water, 00:32:10.799 --> 00:32:14.539 magnetism, with the light story. It doesn't just 00:32:14.539 --> 00:32:18.720 include those longer wavelengths of light. Vitamin 00:32:18.720 --> 00:32:23.500 D receptors are involved. OK, so more sun. This 00:32:23.500 --> 00:32:28.039 is UVB. Remember the biosynthesis discussed in 00:32:28.039 --> 00:32:31.900 autism and gastrointestinal problems. It goes 00:32:31.900 --> 00:32:37.059 the biosynthesis. It goes pre -vitamin D2 and 00:32:37.059 --> 00:32:44.309 D3 is 260 nanometer light. Tachysterol. The next 00:32:44.309 --> 00:32:48.990 process is 280 nanometer light. And then provitamin 00:32:48.990 --> 00:32:53.990 D3 is 293 nanometer light. And then we get to 00:32:53.990 --> 00:32:57.450 vitamin D. The full synthesis of vitamin D is 00:32:57.450 --> 00:33:02.950 312 nanometer light. The VDR blocks electron 00:33:02.950 --> 00:33:06.869 transport chain. But that's OK here. That just 00:33:06.869 --> 00:33:09.990 means we don't need to eat as much when we are 00:33:09.990 --> 00:33:13.339 outside. If you've ever noticed that maybe you 00:33:13.339 --> 00:33:15.319 don't eat as much whenever you're outside in 00:33:15.319 --> 00:33:20.940 the sun, that's because that glucose used during 00:33:20.940 --> 00:33:24.480 glycolysis is kind of supplemented here with 00:33:24.480 --> 00:33:31.019 the VDR receptors. Our photobiomodulation and 00:33:31.019 --> 00:33:34.960 the mitochondria as dissipative structures in 00:33:34.960 --> 00:33:39.359 the sense of nonlinear optics used in human biology. 00:33:40.680 --> 00:33:44.299 Healthy human biology is built -in mechanism 00:33:44.299 --> 00:33:49.299 to create energy, and we do this. We've discussed 00:33:49.299 --> 00:33:54.180 palm seed and that release of cortisol, and that 00:33:54.180 --> 00:33:58.900 coincides with glucose. This is what it's all 00:33:58.900 --> 00:34:03.599 about. We evolved under the sun in its natural 00:34:03.599 --> 00:34:10.429 electromagnetic fields. We've taken the electrons 00:34:10.429 --> 00:34:15.650 from the sun and used it for energy production 00:34:15.650 --> 00:34:20.869 inside of us, inside the so -called powerhouse 00:34:20.869 --> 00:34:25.869 of the cell. Modern humans and all of our chronic 00:34:25.869 --> 00:34:33.909 diseases are electron deficient. Most ATP from 00:34:33.909 --> 00:34:38.349 the cell happens from sun on cytochrome C oxidase. 00:34:38.619 --> 00:34:45.179 and ATPase from infrared and UV on VDR receptors. 00:34:46.699 --> 00:34:51.460 Now, you can begin to understand the obesity 00:34:51.460 --> 00:34:56.800 epidemic. Now, you can understand type 2 diabetes. 00:34:57.800 --> 00:35:01.579 Remember, we've mentioned the insulin sensitivity 00:35:01.579 --> 00:35:06.719 and the release of glucose. and metabolizing 00:35:06.719 --> 00:35:11.920 all of this energy production. Obesity is a cause 00:35:11.920 --> 00:35:17.320 of people losing energy to the environment. It's 00:35:17.320 --> 00:35:20.960 not all cases of calories in versus calories 00:35:20.960 --> 00:35:24.760 out, food intake, and the lack of movement and 00:35:24.760 --> 00:35:28.840 exercise. Now, the lack of movement and exercise 00:35:28.840 --> 00:35:32.440 could be explained here too because people don't 00:35:32.440 --> 00:35:35.699 have energy because they're not They're not producing 00:35:35.699 --> 00:35:40.480 water. For the autism story, now you can even 00:35:40.480 --> 00:35:44.119 understand the roles of autism and metabolism, 00:35:45.139 --> 00:35:52.820 and autism and inflammation. Cells and our biology 00:35:52.820 --> 00:35:57.519 are not adapted to our new environments. Are 00:35:57.519 --> 00:36:00.719 you understanding this? We are adapting, but 00:36:00.719 --> 00:36:06.090 these are not healthy adaptations. Autism is 00:36:06.090 --> 00:36:11.010 neuroplasticity to our light and energy change. 00:36:12.710 --> 00:36:16.050 Research and people's beliefs are in the wrong 00:36:16.050 --> 00:36:20.630 place. There are all of these autism and XYZ. 00:36:21.170 --> 00:36:27.349 I am tired of autism and XYZ. I am tired, quite 00:36:27.349 --> 00:36:32.309 frankly, of autism and allergies or autism and 00:36:32.309 --> 00:36:35.989 eczema. or autism and gastrointestinal problems, 00:36:36.510 --> 00:36:40.369 autism and dyspraxia. Autism has a higher rate 00:36:40.369 --> 00:36:45.389 of higher chance of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. 00:36:45.690 --> 00:36:49.489 On that note, you ought to be able to understand 00:36:49.489 --> 00:36:53.429 a little bit better now the role of light and 00:36:53.429 --> 00:36:56.369 these rapid cognitive declines that we are now 00:36:56.369 --> 00:37:01.769 seeing. And I've said, Alzheimer's is a reverse 00:37:01.769 --> 00:37:07.239 process. of autism. Hopefully, you can kind of 00:37:07.239 --> 00:37:12.460 make sense of this. Now, as we discussed, the 00:37:12.460 --> 00:37:16.300 cell metabolism, the way that the cell is functioning, 00:37:16.920 --> 00:37:21.539 the powerhouse. With autism, you know the problems 00:37:21.539 --> 00:37:25.880 exist on the cellular level and the synaptic 00:37:25.880 --> 00:37:30.300 level. The cellular level here is explained. 00:37:30.519 --> 00:37:36.099 This is why cells aren't developing. Also to 00:37:36.099 --> 00:37:41.599 note that remember, our genes respond to the 00:37:41.599 --> 00:37:45.639 environment. In other words, our environmental 00:37:45.639 --> 00:37:51.599 signals informs the genes how to respond. The 00:37:51.599 --> 00:37:56.860 environmental signals are the cues for DNA sequencing. 00:37:57.699 --> 00:38:02.960 And guess what? In the cell nucleus, the organelle 00:38:02.960 --> 00:38:07.059 of DNA sequencing and mitochondria are closely 00:38:07.059 --> 00:38:12.780 related. Genetic studies receives much attention. 00:38:13.039 --> 00:38:17.340 There's a lot of money thrown at. GWAS studies 00:38:17.340 --> 00:38:22.780 this genome sequencing and genome -wide understanding. 00:38:23.340 --> 00:38:26.699 And with autism, there are over 100 so -called 00:38:26.699 --> 00:38:31.349 risk genes. Now, what this is saying is there 00:38:31.349 --> 00:38:34.630 are many complicated factors here. There are 00:38:34.630 --> 00:38:39.070 many genes involved that might cause autism or 00:38:39.070 --> 00:38:43.309 might not cause autism. Just because you have 00:38:43.309 --> 00:38:46.869 duplications or deletions, copy number variants 00:38:46.869 --> 00:38:50.829 and so forth of this gene, well, it might mean 00:38:50.829 --> 00:38:55.329 autism. In my opinion, autism research, because 00:38:55.329 --> 00:38:58.179 of the amount of funding and attention thrown 00:38:58.179 --> 00:39:03.440 at it but the genes has reached a dead end and 00:39:03.440 --> 00:39:06.980 at the dead end it takes bulldozers and just 00:39:06.980 --> 00:39:10.219 kind of barrels through trying to find some sort 00:39:10.219 --> 00:39:15.460 of hidden treasure and this is all wrong the 00:39:15.460 --> 00:39:21.659 genes of humans the DNA is vastly different than 00:39:21.659 --> 00:39:27.510 the mitochondria genes mitochondria has its own 00:39:27.510 --> 00:39:32.489 DNA and there are only 37 total for mitochondria 00:39:32.489 --> 00:39:36.170 now this is a huge difference and with everything 00:39:36.170 --> 00:39:39.030 we've just discussed you ought to understand 00:39:39.030 --> 00:39:43.090 that huh mitochondria is very important to the 00:39:43.090 --> 00:39:48.789 cell health to our life not only is it just 37 00:39:48.789 --> 00:39:55.119 genes but the cytochromes the powerhouses this 00:39:55.119 --> 00:39:58.619 source of energy processing these electrons and 00:39:58.619 --> 00:40:02.659 protons and creating water and creating ATP. 00:40:03.579 --> 00:40:09.760 There are only 13 DNA responsible of the mitochondria 00:40:09.760 --> 00:40:15.619 for this function. This meaning 13 genes that 00:40:15.619 --> 00:40:19.900 we can study to really find out some more information 00:40:19.900 --> 00:40:25.429 about. What is autism? If you're listening to 00:40:25.429 --> 00:40:28.750 the podcast or listening to the episode, please 00:40:28.750 --> 00:40:33.090 feel free to leave a review or rating. In podcasting, 00:40:33.309 --> 00:40:35.969 reviews, ratings, and downloads are crucial, 00:40:36.510 --> 00:40:39.750 and I very much appreciate your feedback. You 00:40:39.750 --> 00:40:47.050 can contact me on X at RPS 47586. We can have 00:40:47.050 --> 00:40:50.730 discussions about autism, and especially the 00:40:50.730 --> 00:40:54.710 cause of autism. these atomic molecular levels, 00:40:56.210 --> 00:41:01.710 you can email me info .fromthespectrumatgmail 00:41:01.710 --> 00:41:06.630 .com. And thank you for listening to From the 00:41:06.630 --> 00:41:07.809 Spectrum Podcast.