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I would like to take a moment and mention a pressing issue we are seeing in our modern

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world.

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And that is tech use and tech light.

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The data are impressive and concerning on isolated wavelengths of light, especially shorter

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wavelengths, which is blue light.

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For those that don't know, we have chromophores, which are special proteins that absorbs specific

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wavelengths of light.

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For blue light, the light that is LED light and tech light, that protein is called melanopsin.

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Melanopsin is responsible for our circadian biology, physiology and cell functioning.

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Hormone regulation and even a connection to an area huge for mood.

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A consideration we should include is this protein was not even discovered until 1998.

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It seems important for us to understand how our biology uses the different wavelengths

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of light for various aspects of our biology.

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This blue light chromophore is our master controller, our master clock.

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Remember circadian rhythm is a two part process, two independent parts, light and dark.

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Very quick reference, see the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine.

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But for now, I have something exciting.

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I want you to introduce a product unlike any other product available.

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A highlight is the product from Daylight Computer Company created their product based

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on these factors.

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The Daylight Computer is completely blue light free.

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It has no flicker, short wavelength flicker is extremely harmful for our eyes and downstream

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biology.

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Light flicker is constantly turning our central nervous system on and off.

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Essentially, it is like going to a light switch and repeatedly turning it on and off.

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The problem is blue light and LED light does this and it is so rapid you cannot even perceive

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this in real time.

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The Daylight Computer is the lowest stimulation and foremost for sensory sensitive users.

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It is no question that the alternative product especially when used at night do not adjourn

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or dress or consider this in their product.

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It is so toxic to human biology, big tech corporations have patents on how their short

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wavelength implicates the human nervous system.

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And a bonus, despite Daylight Computer not having backlight, it is very functional for

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outdoor use and of course, increased sunlight is always preferred.

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I am happy to offer a discount for the Daylight Computer.

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You can use the code AUTISM for a $25 off coupon.

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Again, use the code AUTISM and the discount code for $25 off.

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See the link in the show notes to Daylight Computer Company or just give it a quick search

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in your internet browser.

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Use the code AUTISM for $25 off.

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For today's episode, we will cover how the central nervous system is developed.

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We will cover parts of embryogenesis.

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So we will cover the developmental parts of the peripheral and enteric nervous system

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as well.

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All three, the central, peripheral and enteric nervous system are crucial for understanding

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the autistic phenotype.

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We will cover how the living organism is developed from the neural tube, the crest and neural

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lation, neural epithelial cells and so forth.

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The purpose is to cover these early phases of brain, spine and body development.

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We will cover this in two episodes because I want to get to more details on why the

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mesencephalon does not evolve into larger biology like the other cell types.

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Neuralation is a very fascinating stage that happens in early development.

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This starts with the formation of the neural plate, a flat sheet of ectodermal cells on

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the embryo's dorsal surface.

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This typically kicks off around about the third week of human embryonic development.

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And neural lation can be broken down into two main phases, primary and secondary.

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For the primary phase, there is a neural plate formation.

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And then it begins to take shape and it folds.

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It folds inward.

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And the fold eventually meets and fuses at the top.

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And this creates a hollow tube.

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This is the neural tube.

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This closure begins near the middle of the embryonic stage, typically within 22 to 28

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days of the development.

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Now once this is fused, the neural tube will detach from the surface and then close in

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order to form the skin.

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So this front end of the tube will eventually make the brain while the rest of the tube

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creates the spinal cord.

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So what's fascinating here, because we've covered this in many episodes, at this

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point, also the peripheral nervous system is being developed and the facial cartridge.

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And here's the part, pigment cells.

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Pigment cells are already on the scene.

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The secondary neural lation, and this happens at the lower part, the coddle part, the tail

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end of the spinal cord, and cells clump together, the mesoderm clump, and this will create the

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rest of the spinal cord.

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So why this matters is neural lation sets the stage for the entire central nervous

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system.

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Major defects here, if that tube doesn't close, is spinal bifida, not necessarily our topic,

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but our topic is also crucial here, because this closure will determine how the brain

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development occurs.

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At each stage, it's important for the process to complete.

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A region of interest here already is folic acid is very important, and you know, if you're

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paying attention to autism research, folic acid, vitamin B nomin, is heavily researched.

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In fact, Richard Fry was on talking about Lycoborin and his research assistant, Nicole

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Renton, they've both talked about folic acid in quite detail.

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In addition to the folic acid, there's a region of interest here called sonic hedgehog.

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Not sonic the hedgehog.

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We will get into more of that later.

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But the vitamin B9, the folic acid, this is crucial during pregnancy.

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For many reasons.

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One reason is, it supports DNA synthesis and cell division, huge for the developing living

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organism.

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This is key for the rapid growth of the neural tube, and if the folic acid is off, it will

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impact how the brain is developed, too low or too high.

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The folic acid here can affect how the neural progenitor cells divide, migrate, or connect,

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huge for autism.

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If you followed along with the podcast or even autism research, autism research does

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a pretty good job here of the folate metabolism.

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There is a popular enzyme here, M-T-H-F-R.

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It's almost like motherfucker gene.

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It's methylene, tetrahydrofolate reductase.

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Remember enzymes end in ACE, ACE.

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Again, it's methylene, tetrahydrofolate reductase.

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This gene helps convert folate into a form that the body can use.

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And if it's not working, the folate metabolism is abnormal and this will implicate the neural

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relation and the brain development.

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And that's what the concern is.

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The DNA methylation, that's huge for folate.

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And remember a previous episode when we talked about methionine gives a donor called SAM,

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SA-M, to folate for this DNA methylation.

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It's role here, it's not just the neural tube and this neural relation, it's also involved

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in neurotransmitter synthesis.

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Seems like serotonin and dopamine, those neuromodulators I should say, and the epigenetic regulation.

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This turns off and on genes.

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This is huge in autism.

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So in addition, there's a neural crest and these cells, they pill off during the neural

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relation and begin to form the enteric nervous system, one of the most common comorbid problems

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for the autistic phenotype.

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This is huge and this area, this timeline that we're talking about is a huge region of interest.

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So with the neural relation, the formation will begin four different cell types.

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These four cell types are neuroepithelial cells, neural crest cells, surface ectoderm

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cells and mesodermal cells.

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First, the neuroepithelial cells will break into four additional cell types and this is

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going to be part of episode two of this little back to back series.

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However, for now, the neuroepithelial cells, and this is the process of the neural plate

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folding into the neural groove and then the neural tube.

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We've already talked about this.

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So once this tube closes and these cells form those progenitors of the neurons and glia cells,

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so this is huge here because we're talking about neurons and certain glia cells like

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astrocytes, remember the internal calculator with the neuroepinephrine from the locus serilius

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and the astrocytes.

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And we're also talking about oligo-dendrocytes here, huge for myelination.

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This is huge for the central nervous system and the neural crest cells.

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These cells emerge from the edges of the neural folds and this begins critical tissues here

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for the peripheral neurons like sensory and automatic ganglia, okay, which is huge for

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the body and movements.

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Also here are Schwann cells, which are a further insulated myelination type of cell.

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And the facial cartridge and bone, the adrenal, medulla cells, huge for our stress response

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and our get up and go and a huge part here, a huge highlight right now.

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Melanocytes, this is huge.

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This is how the brain and body are connected.

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Remember the melanocytes and the conversations about pom-C.

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Remember the links to Dr. Jack Cruz and his Patreons from previous show notes.

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A third type are the surface ectoderm cells and this is the skin layer.

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This is the surface of the nervous systems.

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The skin, hair, nails and even some sweat glands.

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The fourth type is the mesodermal cells, which is where we could talk about the sonic hedge

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hawk, but collectively the mesoderm signals to the ectoderm and it thickens into the neuroepithel

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cells that form the plate.

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This collection that I discovered, we are beginning to make the central nervous system

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and as you learned, some of the peripheral and enteric nervous system, this is where

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it's all connected or brain and body are connected.

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And now if you think about autism and all of those comorbid, XYZ comorbid problems

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like the GI problems and the muscle problems or any type of apraxia, the brain and body.

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Why is this not a region of interest for us?

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There are implications here.

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Something is telling me this is a region of interest here, this little timeline that we're

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talking about because remember the domino analogy, if the early processes, if the early

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dominoes are off, all of the dominoes downstream are going to be off.

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The process cannot continue properly.

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So why the neuroepithelial cells?

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Why this area?

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Why this timeline?

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Well with autism, it's not hard to find problems with cells dividing and migrating.

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So the neuroepithelial cells are huge for proliferation and they divide symmetrically

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to make more of themselves or asymmetrically to produce more neurons and glia cells.

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And whenever this balance is off, there's too many neurons maybe or too few neurons

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or too many glia, too few glia.

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And this is huge in autism research and it's already established.

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If you think about the episode when we covered the medial prefrontal cortex and this is huge,

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the medial prefrontal cortex is a huge area for providing the living organism with adaptive

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tools.

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How's the organism, the living organism, going to respond in the environment to that stimuli?

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The medial prefrontal cortex kind of leads the way.

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Remember that in the Autism and Adaptive Responses episode.

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And remember the episode on autism and the womb.

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When we covered this, UC San Diego actually does a pretty good job of this.

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There's too many cells in the areas of the medial prefrontal cortex.

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So in addition to the proliferation and creating more cells, the migration and connectivity

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problems.

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This is very much aligned and very researched.

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The data are very impressive here for autism.

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Immigration and connectivity, neuroepithia cells give rise to radial glia.

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And these are helping cells.

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They act as scaffolds for the newborn neurons when we're proliferating and differentiating.

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Remember cells should migrate to similar cells, friends flocked to one another.

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And they use these scaffolding radial glia to migrate to similar areas and for the long

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range.

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Downstream connections, huge in autism.

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So then let's talk about the signaling, these connections.

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And this is huge here.

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The sonic hedgehog, huge for the differentiation and the migration and two other areas, huge

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here, huge in autism research is P10.

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We've covered P10, probably episodes three, four and or five and shank three.

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Episodes three, four and or five, but P10 here is huge.

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P10 is phosphatase and Tinson.

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Why does it matter for autism?

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Well, P10 is a master regulator of cell growth, division and survival.

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It's huge for tumors and cancer and the enlargement, brain enlargement, heavily seen in autism.

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It balances these factors.

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It makes sure the process and our biology here is within normal ranges.

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If you think about P10's row with mTOR pathway as well, mTOR is huge.

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Here are the episodes on Dr. Richard Frye and another episode that I covered.

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MTOR complex one is a region of interest and a way to rescue the autistic phenotype.

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Simply put, mTOR regulates cell metabolism and it is a region of interest for aging and

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longevity science.

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So some key rows of P10 outside of that.

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Cell size and growth.

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So two little P10 will equal bigger cells and an abnormal protein synthesis.

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So if you think about the big brain, how autistics will typically have a bigger brain.

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Eventually, they come back down to size, to normal size, but the children and even through

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the womb, they have an enlarged brain.

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P10 is a huge region of interest for this.

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P10 also regulates synapsis formation and the plasticity, how neurons connect and adapt

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and change through experience, neuroplasticity.

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This is very huge, region of interest for autism.

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This is all happening early on in this neuralation part, this embryogenesis already.

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We know there are implications here.

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And if you think about autism and the problems with the synapsis and that plasticity, P10

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works hand in hand with AKT for signaling at the synapsis level and balancing, are you

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ready?

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Balancing excitation inhibition.

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A very common scene with the podcast for explaining implications.

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Remember the basal ganglia as well.

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Remember the substantia nigra and how it sends excitation dopamine, D1 like, DR1 and DR5

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for excitation and inhibitory dopamine, D2 like dopamine, DR2, 3 and 4.

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We are going to cover this in great detail again because the substantia nigra is in guess

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where?

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The mesencephalon.

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This is very critical.

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But for the P10 with the migration, it's a huge problem for the migration and cell metabolism,

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huge for autism.

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It's linking the cellular energy.

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It's a problem with the cell energy.

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Remember the two episodes on the mitochondria, the solo episode and the one with Dr. Richard

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Fry.

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And lastly, because this is more than on the P10 than I anticipated, P10 helps regulate

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the enteric neurons.

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So the P10 and shank 3 are huge for this neuroepithelial signaling sensitivity.

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And sometimes we've used postmortem studies.

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We're going to do that again right now.

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Pneumetaminesis studies of autistic brains show signs of early neuro over proliferation,

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so more neurons in the cortex.

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And this might start to understand why.

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The neuroepithelial cells here are a region of interest.

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There's a huge timing component here with the neuroepithelial and the folate metabolism

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and the P10 and shank 3 and sonic hedgehog.

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All of these things rely on critical timing.

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All of these factors must be in sync.

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We're always talking about timing and cell growth with autism, losing energy or having

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a lack of energy.

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And this is why this is the area.

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This is the time.

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This can cause the brain that structurally sound, that has no problems, become wired

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differently.

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So we're talking about those hypo and hyperconnectivities of the brain, even if the overall size is

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not macroencephalic.

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We can still have problems here because of these connections that are abnormal.

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This sounds like autism.

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And these factors are also huge for the peripheral nervous system.

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So what does this mean?

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How does the environment influence this of the embryogenesis and these neural relations

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and neuroepithelial cells and so forth that we are discussing?

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The environment provides context and will indicate how the mother and this womb and

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the embryogenesis respond.

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Neuroepithelial cells and environmental sensitivity is a very sensitive process here.

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If you think about how the environment has changed, I've said this so many times, how

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the environment of the mother has changed since autism was developed.

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Remember the mothers of the canner kids?

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I cannot overstate that.

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I cannot overstate what the mothers of the canner kids looked like.

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And think about the environment of the mothers now.

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The mothers will just work up until almost birth indoors.

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Maybe they are office jobs or school teachers or they work in factories.

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Doesn't matter.

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They are all indoors.

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This is huge for the developing central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system and

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the enteric nervous systems.

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I cannot overstate this.

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So what about these new environments?

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Let's talk about the artificial light story and circadian disruption.

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Humans before the artificial light and electricity, humans didn't have a problem here and there

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was no autism.

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But the impact on pregnancy, the pregnant mother circadian rhythm influences her hormones.

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Things like melatonin and cortisol remember the early development of the adrenal medulla

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cells.

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This area comes on fast for the living organism.

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And remember how fast the melanocytes are on scene.

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This is connecting the brain and body.

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These little developing living organisms in this time frame with the neural apotheosal

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and the loss of energy here that are usually maintained for the developing organism.

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Think about that disrupted circadian rhythm and how a lack of sun, the sunlight and that

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power, the full spectrum and the lux, the amount of energy from the photons, the electromagnetic

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strip.

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Remember me asking repeatedly over the last six weeks, what do you think light is?

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And is there a difference between the full sunlight spectrum and isolated artificial

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light wavelengths?

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And who is going to ask the question?

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What does this look like?

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What is happening here when sunlight hits skin and through the eyes of the pregnant mother

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versus the artificial light?

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And what is the environment of the mother now from 1930s from the mothers of the canner

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kids all the way to 2025?

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And what does the rates of autism looks like after we have switched our environment?

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Why do people overlook this?

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Why do they make it so complicated?

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When nothing I've said we've covered today is complicated.

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Cells proliferate and they differentiate and they migrate and cells are developed and the

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mitochondria are environmental signals.

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They need two things, oxygen and electrons.

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How does that look like now in an indoor modern world?

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What does that look like for the living organism?

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And especially in a time where it's so sensitive and the central nervous system, the peripheral

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nervous system and the enteric nervous system are being developed.

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And show me one autistic example where the autistic does not have additional comorbid

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problems with the peripheral nervous system or the enteric nervous system.

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I will beg to offer, I suggest that every autistic person has an implication to the central

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nervous system which is the easy one.

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It's autism at its core is a problem at the central nervous system but show me one autistic

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that doesn't have a problem with the central nervous system, the enteric nervous system

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and the peripheral nervous system all three in one.

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So let's look at the neuroepithelial studies.

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This timeline here for the circadian biology there are animal studies that back this, this

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prenatal light shifts alter brain development in animal studies.

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In human data it's not so direct.

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We won't go here but we know from studies from UC San Diego and the studies with the

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machine learning from Dr. Ben Ari that came on, autism is in the womb.

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It's not difficult here to predict autism in the womb anymore.

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Downstream of this with the development of the autistic, maybe the child or young adult

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even.

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There are so many problems with migration.

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The data are so impressive here.

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Maybe there's a hyper connection and maybe some areas are hypo connected.

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When do you think this occurs?

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In neuralation and remember the domino example, neuroepithelial cells, this is the foundation.

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This is where differentiation and migration is off.

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Everything, the whole blueprint of the developing living organism with the central nervous system

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and the enteric and peripheral nervous systems are going to be off.

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With autism there are many mismatches.

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There are many areas of the brain or the peripheral problems with motor control and the GI problems

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in the enteric nervous system.

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There are so many problems here.

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With autism the hyper and hypo connections.

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Let's talk about this with the over differentiation, the problems with differentiation here during

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this timeline.

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The neuroepithelial cells in the neural tube, the dorsal region of the neural tube, this

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is the future cortex for the living organism.

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This is very deep but this differentiation and these neurons are implicated here around

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week six.

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The cortical plate has extra neurons and spots.

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For the temporal lobe this is vast for autism.

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The over differentiation will have overpopulated local circuits forming dense, hyper connected

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networks and childhood.

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What this looks like for the autistic phenotype is this.

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Hypersensitivity to sounds is what this means.

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Remember the episodes on sensory processing.

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Right here is when this is developed.

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So hypo connections from the migration, failure.

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So when the neural tube closes at around day 26, there is stress from the neuroepithelial

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cells and they produce too few radio glia and it's misaligned.

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Hypersmith for the frontal cortex gets stuck in deeper layers and migrate to wrong spots.

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By month three, the prefrontal cortex lacks proper connections.

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In addition, the parietal cortex where sensory integration occurs and the cortex here in

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the parietal kind of orchestrate downstream behaviors based off of this.

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And autistic children, autistic phenotypes of all ages, they lack the social ability.

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They miss the social cues.

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So what happens with the neuroepithelial cells in the ventral tube?

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And this is where I want to stop because the ventral tube will eventually make the brain

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stem, the mesencephalon.

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And this problem here with the autistic phenotype and the developing embryogenesis because

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folate is here.

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I don't want to talk about folate too much next time, but for now since we've mentioned

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folate, this shortage of neuron output will occur and these dorsal cells, this over-proliferation

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implication, this brain stem area, this automatic area that the living organism uses to bias

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our attention.

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Remember the very first thing that Donald Triplett's father, the first child in the

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Canner paper.

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Donald Triplett, his father wrote over 30 pages documenting Donald's abnormal kind of

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social withdrawn behavior.

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And the first thing that Donald Triplett said, and I'm reading this directly from the Canter

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paper right now, he seems to be self-satisfied.

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He has no apparent affection when petted.

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He does not.

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Observe the fact that anyone comes or goes and never seems glad to see father or mother

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or any playmate.

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He seems almost to draw into his shell and live within himself.

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Remember one of my biggest takeaways here with the whole podcast to explain the autistic

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phenotype.

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The biology that gives us autism allows us to be comfortable within ourselves.

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It is no question.

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It is undisputed.

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It's not even a debate.

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You can't even debate it that the autistic phenotype enjoys being within themselves.

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These dreamlike states, the outside world is uninteresting.

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Why I say that is, the biology creates us to be more alone, withdrawn from society.

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Withdraw from the environment.

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And I'm telling you, this is occurring from this early embryogenesis period.

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Something is causing us to be abnormal.

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And a large part is the migration problems.

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What is causing the migration problems during embryogenesis and all the way through the

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womb as the central nervous system is being developed.

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If you are listening to the podcast, listening to the episode, please feel free to leave

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a review or rating.

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In podcasting, reviews, ratings and downloads are huge.

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In Apple Podcasts, we have five stars.

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Nothing but five stars, so I very much appreciate that.

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Please feel free to leave more.

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I would love your feedback.

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You can contact me on x at rps47586.

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We can have conversations about autism.

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I'm always open and willing to have conversations about autism.

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I am telling you, autism is the love of my life.

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But remember what we just covered and how that should be easier to understand for you.

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You can check out the YouTube page for all the full length videos and shorts and clips.

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You can check out the Hoplink for links to all of the podcasts across different platforms.

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You can email me info.fromthespectrum.com.

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And thank you for listening to From the Spectrum Podcast.