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For today's episode, we will cover autism and sensory processing.

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We will cover how the sensing organs communicate up to the human brain which gives rise to

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perceptions.

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In the Autism in Eye Movements episode, we covered the superior colliculus in the mesencephalon.

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We will expand on the mesencephalon, also known as the midbrain.

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We will introduce the inferior colliculus.

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The superior and inferior colliculus of the midbrain are major regions of interest for

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extracting sensations from the environment to allow the living organism to learn and

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understand their environment.

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The mesencephalon, where the central nervous system is developed during embryogenesis

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from the neural tube.

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This is huge and in my opinion overlooked in the pathophysiology of autism.

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The mesencephalon is unlike other regions of embryogenesis and the development of the

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living organism.

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The mesencephalon does not further evolve or develop into more complex biology.

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In addition, we will cover some basics of sensory processing, autism or not.

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We will cover how melanin are involved in all sensory organs.

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Remember, melanin is semi-conductive properties that allows the transfer of signals, nerve

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impulses, action potentials, and so forth.

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Melanin is huge here whereby it generates more electricity, more efficiency, more power.

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So let's start here with melanin.

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It is important to get a foundation on how the sensing organs work.

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We will start with my favorite and last week's episode, The Eyes.

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We have covered melanopsin, something not discovered in the human biology until 1998

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by Iggy Provincio.

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Melanopsin is a chromophore.

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Everyone should know what chromophores are.

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The translation of chromophore is light carrier or carriers of light.

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These are proteins that absorb specific wavelengths of light.

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The future of medicine will.

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It will be centered around quantum physics, quantum biology.

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Hopefully, it is closer to hitting the masses 10 years from now instead of 100 years from

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now.

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It is already happening, just not well-accepted or established.

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In large part because of the evolved understanding of mitochondria.

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Mitochondria allows us to understand these electrons and protons in more detail and what

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powers the powerhouse of the cell.

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Remember the question and you need to answer.

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You need to ask yourself, what do you think light is?

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Melanopsin absorbs blue light wavelength and generates all of our biology attached to wakefulness.

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So it has indirect influences on what is anti-correlated with wakefulness.

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And that is the dark cycle or sleep.

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It is a two-part process in their independent light and arousal or wakefulness and dark or

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calming and sleep.

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It is a blue light chromophore for this process because blue is the most dominant color on

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earth.

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Of course, it is the sky.

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Now modern humans, since we have moved indoors, might miss that connection.

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But evolutionarily, and all other species besides house pets and zoo animals, blue sky

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is the dominant color.

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Hard stop.

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This is all you need to know about modern health.

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This is all you need to know about accelerated aging with the dementias and the obesity,

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losing energy to the environment and the rates of autism and various other neurodevelopmental

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delays and also cancer and CVD problems.

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This is all connected to the modern environments.

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Anyway, that is another topic.

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Look up the contrasting colors in our eyes with short, medium, and long wavelengths.

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There is a reason why you will see blue and yellow or paired.

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Okay, now melanopsin is non-visual biology.

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And for vision, we have another source of melanin in the eye, the retinal pigmentum epithelium

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or RPE.

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The RPE is connected to the coreroid, the area that provides the nutrients to the eye.

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Remember our discussion on DHA as well.

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DHA in the central retinal pathway is huge.

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Remember all the electrons that the DHA carries.

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Based on melanin's role, you can see why the pupil is black as well.

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We are taking information from the environment and sending it into our biology to learn the

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environment.

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Information and energy.

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That is what light is.

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From the Autism in Eye Movements episode, you know the superior colliculus is a region

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that quickly receives the signal to integrate the information and conduct downstream behaviors

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by recruiting necessary brain regions.

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Same for the thalamus and the subdivision of the thalamus, the lateral, geniculate,

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nucleus.

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This is where magnocellular and parvocellular are introduced.

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And remember the episode on oxytocin.

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Parvocellular sees large objects.

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Parvocellular sees fine details and color.

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Okay, Audition, our auditory biology.

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The easy one is the cochlear nucleus.

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An audition is where the inferior colliculus of the midbrain comes into play.

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Our sensory integration and also the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

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It sits right next to the lateral geniculate.

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So the medial geniculate receives auditory information.

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The lateral geniculate receives visual information.

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Melanin are in the stria vascularis and the spiral ligament regions.

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And in the cochlea.

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Unlike other areas and cells, the ear, more specifically the cochlea does not have axons

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for signaling.

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Instead, hair and the melanin are used.

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This is wild.

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Melanin sheets, which pretty much determines health and lifespan, are melanin sheets throughout

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our body.

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Melanin sheets in the ear are proximal to auditory nerves.

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You can easily connect why vision and hearing decreases with age.

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This is why.

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With Audition, misophonia is a condition.

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In autism, that is the overstimulated, overwhelming of noises.

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That sensitivity.

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Now with autism, there is both hyper and hypo sensitivity.

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And this is true.

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There is a lack of environmental influence and an overstimulation of sensory and environmental

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influence.

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When we parse out scientific literature later, covering autism and senses, we will go over

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this.

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The differences.

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This is why sensory processing is an important topic.

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Most, or more likely all.

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All autistics have the sensory processing phenomena.

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And this is why.

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I think the mesencephalon is important.

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The area of the brainstem, the midbrain that integrates sensations and helps recruit brain

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and spine connectivity.

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It is no surprise, it is undisputed that autistics have problems with integrating sensory signals

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and processing it downstream with connectivity, functional connectivity to perceive the environment.

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In previous episodes, I described hearing can get like a later Beatles track in the late

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60s Beatles, 1967, 1968, 69.

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Those Beatles tracks, towards the end of the songs, they started to experiment with various

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sources of sound.

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Some instruments, and some not instruments, just anything they could find around the recording

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studio.

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I think I remember one time hearing about they used a broom and swept it across the

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rug.

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And I know Neil Young and his country band used to do this as well.

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But the Beatles songs, they would just find anything to create noise out of.

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You can hear Sergeant Pepper's album or the White album.

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Albums like that in the late 60s, towards the ends of the tracks, they would implement

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this.

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It's all about blending sounds.

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And sometimes in social settings, my hearing can start to do this.

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When people are loud and talking over each other, there's multiple sources of auditory

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information coming in.

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That's whenever I say, see ya.

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I don't need to be there in that gathering.

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The gathering will gather without me.

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I am not interested in that environment.

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Okay, the skin.

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Mechanal receptors.

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Touch.

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Of course, melanin is on the skin.

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Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormones.

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A. M.S.H.

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This melanocyte and the other two, the beta and gamma melanocytes, are all from an area

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of the hypothalamus that we have covered.

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It's POMC, Proopio Melanocortin.

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This is tied to cortisol and tied to leptin.

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If the brain is our metabolic bank accountant that allocates and conserves energy based

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off of the sensory and perception, leptin is our energy accountant.

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These are slightly different.

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Leptin is like the scorekeeper.

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How is the energy level of the living organism and it sends that information up to the brain?

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Mainly, the leptin-melanocortin pathway.

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Modern people think about leptin and they might think food as the first thing.

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I'm low on energy so I need food.

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This is untrue.

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This is poor critical thinking.

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There are reasons why vitamin D receptors and the red light chromophores are on the

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inner membrane of the mitochondria.

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We don't need food for energy.

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We create endogenous glucose and the electromagnetic fields of light properties can stimulate our

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biology for energy.

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Remember autism and gastrointestinal episode.

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Marlano sites and Carantino sites of the epidermis.

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Now connect the neuroepithel cells and the embryonic process.

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One Marlano site supplies melanin to 36 Carantino sites.

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And remember in that episode on the epidermis with the Carantino sites, remember TPH1, tryptophan,

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hydroxylase, 1.

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This is huge in the gut process.

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So let's go to the enteric nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract.

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Melanin are involved in all of those enterochromathin cells.

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The gut makes a lot of light in this biological conduction.

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Pocaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

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Prokaryotic cells have the cytochrome c-oxidase.

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And eukaryotic cells on the inner mitochondria membrane.

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This is the fourth cytochrome, the fourth complex, the last process before ATPase.

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Cytochrome c-oxidase is the last part of the oxidative phosphorylation.

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This is where energy is really happening.

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And bacteria in these enterochromathin cells and prokaryotic cells, bacteria emits, probably

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or it is, bacteria emits the most light in all of our biology, these bio photons.

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Remember we absorb light and our mitochondria make light.

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We create light.

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This is the transduction, this is the semiconductor properties.

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Again, this is taking information from the environment so the living organism can learn

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and can perceive the environment.

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If you think about autism and the lack of environmental influences to learn the environment,

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to build these connections downstream across the central nervous system and even across

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these other nervous systems, the peripheral and the enteric, all of these are communicating.

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All of these are connected via neuroectoderm, also called neuroepithelial cells.

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This is neuralation.

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We will cover this more in detail.

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This is embryogenesis.

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This is where, in my opinion, autism research must go.

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We must go this far upstream and then work in this direction.

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This will allow us to reveal when autism is occurring and the true pathophysiology of

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autism.

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Instead of the way we approach it now, which is too far downstream, there are way too many

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variables.

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How are we continuing from this direction?

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If everything that is known about autism and GI problems, these items are huge.

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These items are connected.

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Likely, the two most common comorbid conditions in all of these autism and XYZ comorbid conditions.

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The most common are GI, sensory processing, and another one from a recent episode, autism

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and speech and language.

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Migration and the embryogenesis are regions of interest for all of these.

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If you are listening to the episode, listening to the podcast, please feel free to leave

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a review or rating.

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In podcasting, reviews, ratings, and downloads are huge.

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And I very much appreciate your feedback.

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You can contact me on X at RPS 47586.

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And we can have discussions about autism.

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And you can check out the YouTube channel for all of the full episodes.

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And clips and shorts.

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And check out the Hop link for links across different platforms.

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And contact information.

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You can email me at info.fromthespectrum.com.

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And thank you for listening to From the Spectrum Podcast.