1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:15,000 Welcome to From the Spectrum Podcast. This is a podcast about autism. It is my goal to explain what is autism. 2 00:00:15,000 --> 00:00:23,000 I plan to use a mixture of scientific literature, personal experience, and opinion. 3 00:00:23,000 --> 00:00:31,000 With opinion, I will explain why, I fill the way I do, and give examples. 4 00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:36,000 I will provide links to various references for each episode. 5 00:00:36,000 --> 00:00:42,000 For each episode, we will discuss various aspects of autism. 6 00:00:42,000 --> 00:00:50,000 For today's episode, we will explore autism and the gastrointestinal tract. 7 00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:59,000 Gastrointestinal will mostly be referred to as GI or GI tract. 8 00:00:59,000 --> 00:01:06,000 Immediately, the first and likely the most notable thing to mention. 9 00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:14,000 The only thing common about this research, autism and GI complications, is this. 10 00:01:14,000 --> 00:01:20,000 It exists, and it exists in a large population of autistics. 11 00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:23,000 More on that later. 12 00:01:23,000 --> 00:01:31,000 Because of the inconsistent data in the scientific literature about autism and GI complications, 13 00:01:31,000 --> 00:01:43,000 we will spend some time discussing biological development, the things that's associated with development of these complicated systems. 14 00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:51,000 In addition, we will spend time discussing what can re-establish order. 15 00:01:51,000 --> 00:02:02,000 Light in our human evolution, light gives us information, gives us electromagnetic energy and power. 16 00:02:02,000 --> 00:02:10,000 And that is how living organisms on earth evolve and live and sustain their species. 17 00:02:10,000 --> 00:02:17,000 We will discuss what can happen and how to fix these. 18 00:02:17,000 --> 00:02:24,000 We will explain biological components that take this information and provide order. 19 00:02:24,000 --> 00:02:29,000 It takes the chaos from the environment and applies order. 20 00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:35,000 Now in development, we have this order, so we have a normal development. 21 00:02:35,000 --> 00:02:42,000 But things in our environment, especially modern environment, can cause chaos. 22 00:02:42,000 --> 00:02:52,000 So insert the common health implications we see, such as autism or such as GI implications or such as autoimmune implications. 23 00:02:52,000 --> 00:03:00,000 In the aging, the degenerative problems. All of these are disorder or chaos. 24 00:03:00,000 --> 00:03:10,000 However, light meeting our biological components that are crucial for development re-establishes order. 25 00:03:10,000 --> 00:03:19,000 But first, the GI tract begins in the mouth, the oral microbiome, a side note. 26 00:03:19,000 --> 00:03:34,000 It's common for autistics to have something like Sjogren's, which is dry mouth, Sjogren's syndrome, or Polydipsia and Polyura, which is frequent thirst, frequent urination. 27 00:03:34,000 --> 00:03:40,000 And that is my opinion and my experience. This is coming from the oral problem. 28 00:03:40,000 --> 00:03:52,000 More specifically, dry mouth. Some cases of hyponatremia, such as low sodium, and an anti-diuretic hormone. 29 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:59,000 Remember the roles of oxytocin and vasopressin in the Autistic Phenotype episode. 30 00:03:59,000 --> 00:04:04,000 Vasopressin, a separate type of vasopressin. 31 00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:13,000 However, upstream of the biosynthesis of this hormone could be shared implications. 32 00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:24,000 Now, it's understood that the dry mouth occurs, but what is not really explained besides the dry mouth are the reasons why the dry mouth. 33 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:40,000 And I think it's some sort of signaling problem and bad communication between cells and systems, such as the hormone systems that regulate this, the sodium and the saliva. 34 00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:43,000 Let's continue down the track. 35 00:04:43,000 --> 00:04:53,000 The pharynx or throat, esophagus, the stomach, the small and large intestines, and all the way out. 36 00:04:53,000 --> 00:04:56,000 You get the picture. 37 00:04:56,000 --> 00:05:04,000 A buzzword is the gut-brain axis or the gut microbiome. 38 00:05:04,000 --> 00:05:08,000 The gut-brain axis is connected by nerves. 39 00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:16,000 Nerves for sending information in a feed-forward, feedback communication loop. 40 00:05:16,000 --> 00:05:21,000 This communication is between the central nervous system, the brain. 41 00:05:21,000 --> 00:05:27,000 The branch that we mostly discuss, and the enteric nervous system. 42 00:05:27,000 --> 00:05:34,000 Often, you will hear the enteric nervous system referred to as the gut-brain. 43 00:05:34,000 --> 00:05:43,000 The number of neurons in the enteric nervous system equals the number of neurons in the spinal cord. 44 00:05:43,000 --> 00:05:50,000 The enteric system, our hormones, of course, are regions of interest here, too. 45 00:05:50,000 --> 00:05:54,000 In large part, the hypothalamus. 46 00:05:54,000 --> 00:06:05,000 But first, the branches of the autonomic nervous system act to control or prioritize the GI tract. 47 00:06:05,000 --> 00:06:18,000 If you are stressed, your mouth might get dry, your heart rate might change, breathing both the rate and the depth might change, 48 00:06:18,000 --> 00:06:23,000 and uncomfortable feelings from the stomach. 49 00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:27,000 Remember the hypothalamus regulates the hormones, 50 00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:37,000 and an area of our biggest region of interest from the cause of autism episode, and autism and embryo episode, 51 00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:42,000 is POMC, pro-opio-melanochortin. 52 00:06:42,000 --> 00:06:47,000 This activates cortisol and insulin. 53 00:06:47,000 --> 00:06:53,000 And cortisol, well, and insulin, too, from the glucocorticoids. 54 00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:58,000 This begins in the POMC subdivision of the hypothalamus. 55 00:06:58,000 --> 00:07:08,000 There is another axis, HPA, hypothalamic pituitary adrenals. 56 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:13,000 Remember autism and anxiety episode, too. 57 00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:20,000 When the sympathetic branch is activated, our digestive tract will stop. 58 00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:26,000 The body determines other peripheral organs or more useful. 59 00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:30,000 And you can think of this in simple terms. 60 00:07:30,000 --> 00:07:35,000 If you are stressed, you're not likely to eat. 61 00:07:35,000 --> 00:07:45,000 With that, the sympathetic branch is not all about stress, or the so-called fight, flight, freeze, conundrum. 62 00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:48,000 I'm not a big fan of those descriptors. 63 00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:52,000 Those are just simple descriptions. 64 00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:57,000 Immune responses are regions of interest, too. 65 00:07:57,000 --> 00:08:07,000 But first back to POMC. POMC and gut microbiome have a biodirectional influence, as previously just introduced. 66 00:08:07,000 --> 00:08:15,000 What is missing in much of the research, the development and function, is light. 67 00:08:15,000 --> 00:08:19,000 Light is the regulator. 68 00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:26,000 Before we get more into symbiology, let's touch on autism. 69 00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:35,000 Common GI problems, and I should mention these are in no way only tied to autistics. 70 00:08:35,000 --> 00:08:53,000 IBS and IBD, and consistency with bowels, abdominal pain, allergies, food sensitivity, bloated, or anemia. 71 00:08:53,000 --> 00:09:01,000 Here is the complicated part about autism and GI, or the gut microbiota. 72 00:09:01,000 --> 00:09:08,000 Everything is inconsistent, except some sort of GI problems exist. 73 00:09:08,000 --> 00:09:14,000 50 to 80% of autistics have GI problems. 74 00:09:14,000 --> 00:09:24,000 Back to POMC. Remember melanin, a black pigment that absorbs all frequency of light. 75 00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:30,000 Melanin in the gut are enterochromathin cells. 76 00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:36,000 Enterochromathin cells will be our most critical region of interest. 77 00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:46,000 Melanin and enterochromathin cells works with the microbiome that's releasing light. 78 00:09:46,000 --> 00:09:54,000 Light, like the cause of autism, and autism and the embryo, is it. 79 00:09:54,000 --> 00:10:02,000 Enterochromathin stores serotonin, phenylalanine, and tyrosine in the gut. 80 00:10:02,000 --> 00:10:18,000 We will explore vitamin D receptors, or VDR, the biosynthesis of vitamin D, TPH1 and serotonin, which is from tryptophan. 81 00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:29,000 Remember, TPH1 is tryptophan hydroxylase 1 for the peripheral, tyrosine and phenylalanine, 82 00:10:29,000 --> 00:10:41,000 so those three aromatic amino acids, and briefly about chemo sensors, cryptochromes, and cholesterol. 83 00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:53,000 Everything just mentioned are crucial for the GI and gut microbiome, and all of those have unique light absorption spectra. 84 00:10:53,000 --> 00:11:01,000 First, remember, 95% of the body serotonin is in the gut. 85 00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:10,000 And remember, serotonin is the first biological component researched, to my knowledge, with autism. 86 00:11:10,000 --> 00:11:17,000 In 1961, gut serotonin are enterochromathin cells. 87 00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:25,000 And tryptophan hydroxylase 1, TPH1, synthesize this. 88 00:11:25,000 --> 00:11:32,000 It is common to read research target, this as a possible therapeutic option. 89 00:11:32,000 --> 00:11:36,000 Great, more drug treatment. 90 00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:43,000 Doesn't fix the problem, and doesn't fix the root cause. 91 00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:53,000 In addition, serotonin here is vital, and plays a role in immune inflammatory axis. 92 00:11:53,000 --> 00:11:55,000 Hard stop here. 93 00:11:55,000 --> 00:12:03,000 What autism is, is likely an autoimmune condition. 94 00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:14,000 Immune and inflammation, inflammation at its core is an imbalance of electrons and protons. 95 00:12:14,000 --> 00:12:22,000 Which we kind of discussed without saying much of it, in the cause of autism episode. 96 00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:33,000 Serotonin is vital for GI physiology, and a huge part of autism. 97 00:12:33,000 --> 00:12:38,000 Cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. 98 00:12:38,000 --> 00:12:45,000 This is autism, this is what autism is, and how it's developed. 99 00:12:45,000 --> 00:12:55,000 However, it cannot be explained, the why's and how's cannot be explained. 100 00:12:55,000 --> 00:13:00,000 Let's dive into enterochromathin cells. 101 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:06,000 Enterochromathin cells have receptors for sensing chemicals. 102 00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:13,000 Chemical changes in the gut, different nutrients, and metabolites. 103 00:13:13,000 --> 00:13:16,000 And this signals serotonin. 104 00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:22,000 Serotonin rolls here, and this is likely isn't exhaustive. 105 00:13:22,000 --> 00:13:29,000 Pain perception, remember this is similar to brain serotonin from the RAFE. 106 00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:39,000 It's about having, being comfortable with the self, and the time, that spatial temporal relationship. 107 00:13:39,000 --> 00:13:43,000 And also mood and behavior. 108 00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:47,000 This is chemo-sensory cells. 109 00:13:47,000 --> 00:13:55,000 Research use fluorescent chemo-sensory with specific wavelengths of light. 110 00:13:55,000 --> 00:14:03,000 Sensory paths, enterochromathin sends sensory signals to the central nervous system. 111 00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:10,000 And large part for physiology and behavioral shifts. 112 00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:12,000 Okay, melanin. 113 00:14:12,000 --> 00:14:21,000 Melanin in omentum, which is translates to apron, is at the lower part of the stomach. 114 00:14:21,000 --> 00:14:23,000 Right below the curvature. 115 00:14:23,000 --> 00:14:31,000 The curvature, the greater curvature, begins with the transverse colon. 116 00:14:31,000 --> 00:14:35,000 It kind of separates the stomach and this transverse colon. 117 00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:43,000 The omentum is paramount for the gut, and helps with the clocked timing of the cells. 118 00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:50,000 Omentum is a large, flat, adipose tissue, nestles on our organs. 119 00:14:50,000 --> 00:14:59,000 It plays a function in immune regulation, and tissues, and regeneration. 120 00:14:59,000 --> 00:15:05,000 All cells, organs, and tissues are clocked timed. 121 00:15:05,000 --> 00:15:11,000 See the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology Medicine. 122 00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:15,000 Humans evolved in light and dark. 123 00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:18,000 A two-part process. 124 00:15:18,000 --> 00:15:22,000 But light has changed drastically. 125 00:15:22,000 --> 00:15:28,000 The type of light, and the timing of light. 126 00:15:28,000 --> 00:15:33,000 Melanin links Pomsigine and the skin. 127 00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:42,000 The skin on the gut is similar to the RPE, the retinal-pigmental epithelium, in your eyes. 128 00:15:42,000 --> 00:15:45,000 Which absorbs the light. 129 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:51,000 Melanin is the powerhouse for the eyes, and therefore the brain. 130 00:15:51,000 --> 00:16:01,000 Remember only the past six years or so, research published, melanopsin receptors, are all over the brain. 131 00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:12,000 For the gut, the skin full of these melanocytes is the powerhouse, which targets those interocomathin cells. 132 00:16:12,000 --> 00:16:19,000 Remember how light develops, the neuroectoderm, and the peripheral side. 133 00:16:19,000 --> 00:16:23,000 The tissues, and organs, and so forth. 134 00:16:23,000 --> 00:16:27,000 Light is doing this with inside the gut as well. 135 00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:31,000 And vitamin D are crucial here too. 136 00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:40,000 A side note, if you have acute stomach problems, gas, burping, pains, any acute problem, 137 00:16:40,000 --> 00:16:46,000 go outside and get sunlight directly on the skin of your gut. 138 00:16:46,000 --> 00:16:50,000 Evaluate it in just a few minutes or so. 139 00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:54,000 That's my experience, and it is reliable. 140 00:16:54,000 --> 00:16:57,000 Just give it a few minutes. 141 00:16:57,000 --> 00:17:07,000 Now, based on reward prediction error, remember the discussions on the nucleus accumbens in that ventral striatum area of the brain. 142 00:17:07,000 --> 00:17:13,000 Reward prediction error will cause you to have unreasonable expectations. 143 00:17:13,000 --> 00:17:21,000 So, when doing this, when doing this outside, with the sun on your skin, on your gut skin, 144 00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:26,000 have reasonable expectations and evaluate it then. 145 00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:31,000 Reward prediction error is dopamine, which is wanting. 146 00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:34,000 You're wanting something. You're wanting a result. 147 00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:41,000 And you might, it might interfere with your ability to evaluate and understand. 148 00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:47,000 Because you might be expecting some magical elixir, some magical happenings here. 149 00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:53,000 But just be mindful during the evaluation of this tool. 150 00:17:53,000 --> 00:18:04,000 Today, people can just eat things like antacids or indigestion medications, no prebiotics and probiotics. 151 00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:12,000 And they can just rely on these over-the-counter medications or even a prescription medication. 152 00:18:12,000 --> 00:18:23,000 And it's just influencing their ability to understand natural and nature's biology and how we've evolved. 153 00:18:23,000 --> 00:18:33,000 One last note until vitamin D. We've discussed some neuromodulators, such as serotonin and dopamine. 154 00:18:33,000 --> 00:18:38,000 And these are much more than what people think in the human body. 155 00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:44,000 Melanin is too. Melanin is much more. 156 00:18:44,000 --> 00:18:49,000 Bacteria in the gut, which we will discuss more in a moment. 157 00:18:49,000 --> 00:18:57,000 Bacteria emits light and make dopamine from the aromatic amino acids inside the gut. 158 00:18:57,000 --> 00:19:04,000 This is a biosynthesis of dopamine from the peripheral, from the gut. 159 00:19:04,000 --> 00:19:11,000 OK, VDR. VDR is highly expressed in the intestines. 160 00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:19,000 Remember vitamin D for the body and organs and vitamin A for the eyes and brain. 161 00:19:19,000 --> 00:19:26,000 These are powerhouses for the development in these specific areas. 162 00:19:26,000 --> 00:19:36,000 Vitamin D in its biosynthesis components range from 220 to 315 nanometer light. 163 00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:47,000 So it requires VUVC, UVB and UVA. Strong light wavelengths. 164 00:19:47,000 --> 00:19:59,000 Skin controls the gut microbiome and these are all clock timed. The clock hit enterocytes and control metabolism. 165 00:19:59,000 --> 00:20:09,000 So in other words, sun or the light hits the skin and they become clock timed based off of that information. 166 00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:22,000 The clocks from the gut target the enterocytes and control metabolism of our microbiome, which is VDR in large part. 167 00:20:22,000 --> 00:20:32,000 The clock timed mechanisms are essential. They are everything. Everything in the human body is clocked timed. 168 00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:41,000 Cortisol starts the brain when you awake and they sell active intestinal peptide. 169 00:20:41,000 --> 00:20:48,000 If your light is right, ghrelin. You might have heard of ghrelin with hunger. 170 00:20:48,000 --> 00:20:55,000 Ghrelin sends information to the pituitary. Remember the P from the HPA axis. 171 00:20:55,000 --> 00:21:02,000 Ghrelin is also controlled by the information and energy from the skin. 172 00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:10,000 A buzzword recently with the obesity problem is ghrelin and leptin. 173 00:21:10,000 --> 00:21:19,000 One, these are clock timed and two, they are clock timed based off of light information. 174 00:21:19,000 --> 00:21:30,000 Blue light, which is our main source of artificial light now. LED, indoor lighting, tech light, all of these are blue light. 175 00:21:30,000 --> 00:21:38,000 This sparks up and creates cortisol and glucose without eating. 176 00:21:38,000 --> 00:21:48,000 Okay, melatonin is a regulator of this, the ghrelin. The ghrelin spikes or activates 177 00:21:48,000 --> 00:21:57,000 Now generationally, it is common for these mechanisms to be abnormal because of the different light. 178 00:21:57,000 --> 00:22:04,000 Sunlight is optimal. Artificial light is harmful. 179 00:22:04,000 --> 00:22:14,000 Remember POMC. Remember research on autism and hormones have more traction lately. 180 00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:20,000 You can think obesity and autism are quite similar. 181 00:22:20,000 --> 00:22:27,000 I did not say one causes the other or I did not say they are often comorbid. 182 00:22:27,000 --> 00:22:36,000 What I am saying is there is a lot of uncoupling and alterations in the biology of both. 183 00:22:36,000 --> 00:22:45,000 And the cause is the same. Remember implications upstream can look very different downstream. 184 00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:52,000 In other words, abnormal biology can cause various conditions. 185 00:22:52,000 --> 00:23:05,000 Okay, some biosynthesis of vitamin D, just briefly. The synthesis includes pre-vitamin D at 260 nanometer light. 186 00:23:05,000 --> 00:23:13,000 This is similar to absorption for DNA and RNA and protects DNA and RNA. 187 00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:26,000 So in other words, pre-vitamin D protects the DNA and RNA and it requires the same wavelength of light to sequence. 188 00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:36,000 Pre-vitamin D converts to tachysteryl 2 and this peaks at 282 nanometer light. 189 00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:46,000 The tachysteryl absorption is the same as the two aromatic amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan. 190 00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:50,000 Our commonly discussed proteins. 191 00:23:50,000 --> 00:23:58,000 Also, they have connections to cryptochromes, a critical component of circadian rhythms. 192 00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:04,000 Remember the clock timing, which is a large role in the gut microbiome. 193 00:24:04,000 --> 00:24:09,000 Cryptochromes are photoreceptors too. 194 00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:15,000 I say too as in also because we have many photoreceptors. 195 00:24:15,000 --> 00:24:21,000 A lot of our biology that we discuss are photoreceptors. 196 00:24:21,000 --> 00:24:34,000 Tachysteryl creates Pro-vitamin D3, which requires 290 to 315 nanometer light. 197 00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:42,000 A side note, cholesterol and vitamin D3 interact here. 198 00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:49,000 And this explains the problems across society with cholesterol and CBD. 199 00:24:49,000 --> 00:24:59,000 And why? The majority of the population above 40 or so are on statins. 200 00:24:59,000 --> 00:25:05,000 And cancers, the rates of cancer is directly linked to vitamin D. 201 00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:11,000 And you can see this. You know people avoid the UV light. 202 00:25:11,000 --> 00:25:15,000 People are told that it's harmful and they cover up. 203 00:25:15,000 --> 00:25:20,000 But yet our health implications are spiraling out of control. 204 00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:26,000 Yet our critical biology components require this light. 205 00:25:26,000 --> 00:25:34,000 Remember our built-in sunscreen with the red light and the near infrared light and the infrared light. 206 00:25:34,000 --> 00:25:45,000 Working with UVA, these two things, UVA and the red light spectrum, are internal and endogenous sunscreens. 207 00:25:45,000 --> 00:25:50,000 Mother Nature has given us over evolution. 208 00:25:50,000 --> 00:25:53,000 Okay, some side notes. 209 00:25:53,000 --> 00:26:01,000 However, relatable to our conversation, these are shared implications upstream. 210 00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:08,000 It happens, the implications and depletions interact with development. 211 00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:11,000 Our more specific topic. 212 00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:19,000 These implications that we discussed with the vitamin D and all of those proteins implicate development. 213 00:26:19,000 --> 00:26:26,000 Okay, what does the scientific literature say about autism and GI problems? 214 00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:34,000 One, as I mentioned in the beginning of the episode, it occurs 50 to 80% or so. 215 00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:39,000 But two, everything is inconsistent. 216 00:26:39,000 --> 00:26:46,000 The one thing that is consistent is, it's common in research literature that you hear the word confounding. 217 00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:50,000 Results in data are confounding. 218 00:26:50,000 --> 00:26:56,000 There is so much going on with this track, with this gut microbiome. 219 00:26:56,000 --> 00:27:00,000 The whole gut brain axis communication point. 220 00:27:00,000 --> 00:27:05,000 And remember the number of neurons mentioned in the enteric nervous system. 221 00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:09,000 So there are a lot happening here. 222 00:27:09,000 --> 00:27:32,000 So one, one study by Sue Etall asked a question whether gut, archaea, bacteria, fungi, viruses, microbiogenes have a function in the altered autism implication. 223 00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:41,000 The study took fecal samples of 1,027 samples ages 1 to 13. 224 00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:45,000 And 24.4% of these are female. 225 00:27:45,000 --> 00:27:51,000 So a good ratio that represents the population. 226 00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:57,000 With autism, there are 14 identified archaea problems. 227 00:27:57,000 --> 00:28:16,000 51 bacteria problems, 7 fungi, 18 viruses, 27 microbiogenes, and 12 metabolic pathways were altered with autism spectrum subjects. 228 00:28:16,000 --> 00:28:29,000 Now common in the GI track, common regions of interest are archaea, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. 229 00:28:29,000 --> 00:28:33,000 Archea are single celled organisms. 230 00:28:33,000 --> 00:28:37,000 Most common are methanogens. 231 00:28:37,000 --> 00:28:43,000 And these produce methane and are a byproduct of fermentation. 232 00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:49,000 Now you will often hear fiber foods are good for the gut. 233 00:28:49,000 --> 00:28:54,000 And maybe that's true, but I am going to subordinate here. 234 00:28:54,000 --> 00:28:57,000 I'm going to put these in a hierarchy. 235 00:28:57,000 --> 00:29:03,000 Fermented foods are optimal for the gut over fiber. 236 00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:06,000 Okay, bacteria. 237 00:29:06,000 --> 00:29:10,000 Bacteria are single celled prokaryotes. 238 00:29:10,000 --> 00:29:16,000 The roles include digestion, metabolism, and immune system. 239 00:29:16,000 --> 00:29:20,000 Bacteria synthesize vitamins. 240 00:29:20,000 --> 00:29:29,000 It is understood that archaea and bacteria are two primary domains of life. 241 00:29:29,000 --> 00:29:47,000 Life on earth, fungi, are eukaryotic organisms such as yeast, mold, and mushrooms, and balances the microbiome and influences the immune system. 242 00:29:47,000 --> 00:29:52,000 Regulates permeability and inflammation. 243 00:29:52,000 --> 00:29:54,000 Viruses. 244 00:29:54,000 --> 00:30:04,000 Regulates and influences bacteria and the overall composition and diversity of the gut microbiome. 245 00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:17,000 This study highlighted Obyquanol-7, which is a in the family member of CoQ10, coenzyme Q10, and thiamine diphosphate. 246 00:30:17,000 --> 00:30:21,000 Both of these are involved in the TCA cycle. 247 00:30:21,000 --> 00:30:23,000 Remember, Hans Krebs. 248 00:30:23,000 --> 00:30:29,000 For CoQ10, it is a fat soluble in every cell membrane. 249 00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:34,000 Its role is a familiar one for the podcast. 250 00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:43,000 Transferring electrons in mitochondrial oxidative respiration chain while producing ATP. 251 00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:51,000 Obycunon is an antioxidant that helps prevent cell damage caused by free radicals. 252 00:30:51,000 --> 00:30:57,000 Remember, we discussed free radicals in the cause of Autism episode. 253 00:30:57,000 --> 00:31:05,000 Obycunol-7, as the study highlighted, is a special isoform from the CoQ10 family. 254 00:31:05,000 --> 00:31:11,000 They have unique absorption rates and bioavailability. 255 00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:16,000 Two main roles appear to be cell energy production. 256 00:31:16,000 --> 00:31:23,000 Remember the roles in mitochondria and ATP and as an antioxidant. 257 00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:31,000 Thiamine diphosphate are derivatives of B1, which is thiamine. 258 00:31:31,000 --> 00:31:43,000 Both Obycunon and thiamine metabolites play crucial roles in neural signaling transduction. 259 00:31:43,000 --> 00:31:57,000 Now, this particular study, the benefits of this study is, there were 31 marker panels that were consistent with the autistic person, the autistic subjects. 260 00:31:57,000 --> 00:32:09,000 31 marker panels from those four outlined sources, archaea, bacteria, fungi, and viruses. 261 00:32:09,000 --> 00:32:14,000 For the microbiome, there are inconsistent data. 262 00:32:14,000 --> 00:32:24,000 However, I think this is telling, 1. The spectrum and not limited to classifying autistic phenotypes. 263 00:32:24,000 --> 00:32:30,000 But 2. What we've been discussing here with the implications upstream. 264 00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:39,000 The atomic and light and melanin and so forth. Implications look differently downstream. 265 00:32:39,000 --> 00:32:52,000 Now, a part of the research on autism and GI, or a lot of GI, research will suggest the inconsistency will be based on dietary. 266 00:32:52,000 --> 00:33:06,000 Dietary is a very distal secondary component. Very distal. It is the light and the atomic features and development that is the spectrum. 267 00:33:06,000 --> 00:33:11,000 That is the variability, not food. 268 00:33:11,000 --> 00:33:18,000 They need to normalize and control for light with each individual. 269 00:33:18,000 --> 00:33:37,000 This is the primary cause. Light is the region of interest because we've discussed the clock timing and the development and how they interact based off of the light source and things like melanin and different vitamins and proteins. 270 00:33:37,000 --> 00:33:44,000 This is what's happening. This is how it's created and is processing in real time. 271 00:33:44,000 --> 00:33:55,000 I look through several data sets, several different scientific literature papers, meta-analysis and multi-level meta-analysis. 272 00:33:55,000 --> 00:34:12,000 And these studies are normalizing for age and sex and autism and dietary restrictions or dietary, typical dietary and bowel functionings. 273 00:34:12,000 --> 00:34:22,000 There's a lot of controls that are being normalized and grouped. However, a lot is still missing, it seems. There are a lot of inconsistency. 274 00:34:22,000 --> 00:34:32,000 Now, that could be the amount of data that can be collected within this gastrointestinal tract. 275 00:34:32,000 --> 00:34:39,000 But it also could be this control of the light and how it controls the body. 276 00:34:39,000 --> 00:34:47,000 When our light is right, the proper biology are very specific with the hormone release. 277 00:34:47,000 --> 00:34:57,000 You might know that cortisol spikes in the morning and through the day and melatonin is suppressed. 278 00:34:57,000 --> 00:35:09,000 And then at night, cortisol is suppressed and melatonin spikes and these are kind of anti-correlated. And this is proper for the human biology. 279 00:35:09,000 --> 00:35:17,000 Everything though, with the ghrelin and leptin, these are specific spikes and suppressions. 280 00:35:17,000 --> 00:35:31,000 Everything like this must be in sync based off of how we've evolved. But recently, within the last 100 years or so, the clock timing have spiraled out of control. 281 00:35:31,000 --> 00:35:39,000 And remember, all cells, organs and tissues are clocked timed based off of the master clock. 282 00:35:39,000 --> 00:35:47,000 In the hypothalamus, the super-cosmatic nucleus, or SCN, and this is controlled by light. 283 00:35:47,000 --> 00:35:51,000 And we're seeing a lot of different health conditions because of this. 284 00:35:51,000 --> 00:36:03,000 The clock timing and the release of all of these biological components, the activation and inactivation and everything being off. It's causing harm. 285 00:36:03,000 --> 00:36:14,000 Now, we've covered, we've established how light is crucial for human development and through the lifespan over the last few episodes. 286 00:36:14,000 --> 00:36:28,000 We've established this, how things like POMC and demelanin and vitamins such as vitamin A, B, D, and so forth, along with various proteins. 287 00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:36,000 Remember the amino acids and how important those are for sequencing other proteins and DNA and RNA. 288 00:36:36,000 --> 00:36:42,000 Now, we've established today that the research is kind of conflicted. 289 00:36:42,000 --> 00:36:49,000 It's confounding was a popular word used while researching the GI problems. 290 00:36:49,000 --> 00:37:02,000 Despite the, what is seemingly, good controls with sex and diagnoses and age and dietary preference restrictions, bowel functioning, bowel frequency, 291 00:37:02,000 --> 00:37:08,000 various elements to a research project are considered. 292 00:37:08,000 --> 00:37:20,000 However, the light environment and the light exposure are excluded because it's not well understood or it's not well accepted in better words. 293 00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:33,000 However, research does agree on things like the cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the problems with the immune and inflammation, 294 00:37:33,000 --> 00:37:39,000 and all of these different varieties of health implications. 295 00:37:39,000 --> 00:37:42,000 They are common across autism. 296 00:37:42,000 --> 00:37:52,000 And we've kind of tied a missing link, the missing element that is absolutely crucial for all living organisms. 297 00:37:52,000 --> 00:37:59,000 Despite autism or not autism, this is all living organisms on earth. 298 00:37:59,000 --> 00:38:06,000 This is where I would like research to spend some time on and at least consider. 299 00:38:06,000 --> 00:38:13,000 I don't know if many researchers or science or the public have accepted this. 300 00:38:13,000 --> 00:38:17,000 I know a few have, mainly my main sources. 301 00:38:17,000 --> 00:38:23,000 However, the path of autism research is kind of questionable. 302 00:38:23,000 --> 00:38:28,000 What is being done and what is the outcome? 303 00:38:28,000 --> 00:38:33,000 If you are listening, please feel free to leave a review or rating. 304 00:38:33,000 --> 00:38:38,000 In podcasting, reviews, ratings, and downloads are huge. 305 00:38:38,000 --> 00:38:42,000 And I very much appreciate your feedback. 306 00:38:42,000 --> 00:38:57,000 You can contact me on x at rps47586 or on Facebook or email info. 307 00:38:57,000 --> 00:39:08,000 FromTheSpectrum.com and you can catch the podcast on all or most major platform networks. 308 00:39:08,000 --> 00:39:10,000 Thank you for listening too. 309 00:39:10,000 --> 00:39:28,000 From The Spectrum Podcast.