1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:06,440 Welcome to From the Spectrum Podcast. 2 00:00:06,440 --> 00:00:10,120 This is a podcast about autism. 3 00:00:10,120 --> 00:00:15,600 It is my goal to explain what is autism. 4 00:00:15,600 --> 00:00:24,680 I intend to use a mixture of scientific literature, personal experience, and opinion. 5 00:00:24,680 --> 00:00:32,160 With opinion, I will explain why I feel the way I do and give examples. 6 00:00:32,160 --> 00:00:38,160 I will provide links to various references for each episode. 7 00:00:38,160 --> 00:00:45,320 For each episode, we will discuss various aspects of autism. 8 00:00:45,320 --> 00:00:51,400 The From the Spectrum Podcast will mostly avoid causes of autism. 9 00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:57,080 And I will try avoiding the increase of diagnoses of late. 10 00:00:57,080 --> 00:01:02,920 This is like playing tug of war with barbed wire and I don't think I want to travel down 11 00:01:02,920 --> 00:01:06,240 that path. 12 00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:15,200 For today's episode, we will spend time preparing for a future episode on the balance, or imbalance, 13 00:01:15,200 --> 00:01:20,600 of excitation and inhibition. 14 00:01:20,600 --> 00:01:27,720 Inhibition is activating, turning cells on, and this can be locally, within a specific 15 00:01:27,720 --> 00:01:37,000 region of the brain, or brain areas, or this can be distal, or activating whole systems, 16 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:41,800 regions, or critical parts of the nervous system. 17 00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:45,200 That is excitation. 18 00:01:45,200 --> 00:01:53,200 Inhibition is the complete opposite, inhibition turns cells off, turns systems or regions 19 00:01:53,200 --> 00:01:58,880 off, and this can be locally or distal. 20 00:01:58,880 --> 00:02:04,680 Inhibition quiets or stops things. 21 00:02:04,680 --> 00:02:12,960 So for today's episode, we will discuss a few known genetic factors associated with 22 00:02:12,960 --> 00:02:15,080 autism. 23 00:02:15,080 --> 00:02:23,640 We will discuss the implications to our biology that leads us to the deficits in social communication 24 00:02:23,640 --> 00:02:32,400 and interaction, the sensory processing problems, and the restricted and repetitive behaviors 25 00:02:32,400 --> 00:02:37,400 briefly discussed in the last two episodes. 26 00:02:37,400 --> 00:02:42,080 We will cover what is going on upstream. 27 00:02:42,080 --> 00:02:51,280 Now, I will have a moment when I touch on a significant region of interest of our environment 28 00:02:51,280 --> 00:02:54,040 that is a cause. 29 00:02:54,040 --> 00:02:58,480 This is rare, and I will not make it a habit. 30 00:02:58,480 --> 00:03:03,160 However, for this episode, we have two objectives. 31 00:03:03,160 --> 00:03:12,720 One, learn about the biological aspects, and two, prepare for the Excitation Inhibition 32 00:03:12,720 --> 00:03:14,800 episode. 33 00:03:14,800 --> 00:03:22,720 The first item is P10, which is short for Phosphate and Tensin. 34 00:03:22,720 --> 00:03:28,240 P10, P-T-E-N. 35 00:03:28,240 --> 00:03:37,400 P10 is a loss of neurons or cells, cause overgrowth and increase excitatory synapses, 36 00:03:37,400 --> 00:03:41,160 formation, and function. 37 00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:47,360 Synapses are how cells communicate, connect to each other. 38 00:03:47,360 --> 00:03:55,040 A major theme today involves the synapses and the synaptic cleft. 39 00:03:55,040 --> 00:04:01,880 There's small space in between the cells and how they communicate and connect. 40 00:04:01,880 --> 00:04:04,920 More on that in a moment. 41 00:04:04,920 --> 00:04:16,480 Further, P10 loss is involved with neuronal, hypertrophy, hyper-excitability, seizures, 42 00:04:16,480 --> 00:04:23,120 remember the closeness to focal epilepsy, and other autistic-like symptoms. 43 00:04:23,120 --> 00:04:35,960 P10 implicates soma size, migration, spine density, and dendritic overgrowth. 44 00:04:35,960 --> 00:04:39,320 A lot of biology here. 45 00:04:39,320 --> 00:04:46,760 For the soma, the soma is the cell body, cells and glia cells. 46 00:04:46,760 --> 00:04:55,760 The soma is the area dendrites branch off and give the cells multiple paths to communicate 47 00:04:55,760 --> 00:04:59,000 and travel. 48 00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:03,560 Migration is how cells form and develop. 49 00:05:03,560 --> 00:05:12,440 They migrate to common areas for better communication and forms spatial relationships. 50 00:05:12,440 --> 00:05:17,400 Staying of it as moving closer to friends and family. 51 00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:24,960 Moving closer to what brings you together, the common factors. 52 00:05:24,960 --> 00:05:31,640 Spine density helps communication within the cells and the destinations. 53 00:05:31,640 --> 00:05:37,880 Certain cells have and need specific amounts of spine. 54 00:05:37,880 --> 00:05:43,160 Finally, dendritic overgrowth. 55 00:05:43,160 --> 00:05:51,080 One idea is synapses strengthen dendrites and causes them to grow. 56 00:05:51,080 --> 00:05:57,440 Think of it as a big tree with many thick branches and then compare it to other less 57 00:05:57,440 --> 00:05:59,680 dense trees. 58 00:05:59,680 --> 00:06:07,960 Regardless, the nervous system and how we live and operate as a living organism needs 59 00:06:07,960 --> 00:06:16,440 proper sizes of these biological components that help cells operate. 60 00:06:16,440 --> 00:06:24,640 Dendritic growth essentially is how we organize and connect ourselves inside with the outside 61 00:06:24,640 --> 00:06:27,720 and vice versa. 62 00:06:27,720 --> 00:06:32,960 So really, we are talking about how cells act. 63 00:06:32,960 --> 00:06:37,080 How they act and function when called upon. 64 00:06:37,080 --> 00:06:43,040 Are they doing what they are supposed to be doing or not? 65 00:06:43,040 --> 00:06:51,480 P-tendis function is linked to inhibition abilities and glia cells and burst firing and 66 00:06:51,480 --> 00:06:53,760 action potentials. 67 00:06:53,760 --> 00:06:59,640 Again, are the cells acting like they should? 68 00:06:59,640 --> 00:07:07,800 And is their vehicle functioning and are their roads they travel down appropriate? 69 00:07:07,800 --> 00:07:12,640 This brings us to some glia cells and myelination. 70 00:07:12,640 --> 00:07:20,120 When cells fire, they need to fire efficiently and in the correct direction. 71 00:07:20,120 --> 00:07:25,200 Synapses is like turning a gravel road into a highway. 72 00:07:25,200 --> 00:07:31,760 The highway acts like to cells path traveling to the synapses. 73 00:07:31,760 --> 00:07:33,640 Into the cleft. 74 00:07:33,640 --> 00:07:36,600 Into the connecting synapses. 75 00:07:36,600 --> 00:07:45,480 Normally, the cleft, the space in between is 10 nanometers. 76 00:07:45,480 --> 00:07:49,840 You cannot imagine how small this is. 77 00:07:49,840 --> 00:07:57,480 There are 1000 nanometers and 1 micrometer, also called a micron. 78 00:07:57,480 --> 00:08:03,080 1000 nanometers for 1 micron. 79 00:08:03,080 --> 00:08:09,920 The thickness of a sheet of paper is about 80 microns. 80 00:08:09,920 --> 00:08:15,240 I wonder if the cleft is implicated with autism. 81 00:08:15,240 --> 00:08:20,400 Maybe in some parts, like those hyperconnected areas. 82 00:08:20,400 --> 00:08:24,400 Maybe they are smaller and larger. 83 00:08:24,400 --> 00:08:27,520 I don't know, I'm just thinking. 84 00:08:27,520 --> 00:08:34,080 I'm just thinking if this is something involved with autism. 85 00:08:34,080 --> 00:08:38,960 With P-tend, scientific literature offers hope. 86 00:08:38,960 --> 00:08:42,840 The hope is rapamycin. 87 00:08:42,840 --> 00:08:51,240 That's called mTOR, which means mammalian target of rapamycin. 88 00:08:51,240 --> 00:09:02,840 A side note, if you pull up research on aging or longevity, rapamycin is likely involved. 89 00:09:02,840 --> 00:09:13,360 Rapamycin and NAD are extremely popular regions of interest for aging and longevity. 90 00:09:13,360 --> 00:09:17,920 Okay, so what is it doing for autism? 91 00:09:17,920 --> 00:09:26,120 A complex of rapamycin, and don't worry about the specifics with each complex. 92 00:09:26,120 --> 00:09:28,320 Just a function of it. 93 00:09:28,320 --> 00:09:40,200 A complex of rapamycin, the data show prevention of increased soma-sies, proper migration and 94 00:09:40,200 --> 00:09:46,200 spine density, and dendritic growth. 95 00:09:46,200 --> 00:09:57,280 MTOR regulates cellular health whereby anabolic cell growth and catabolic cell death. 96 00:09:57,280 --> 00:10:06,080 This is why it is so crucial in the aging and longevity literature. 97 00:10:06,080 --> 00:10:09,120 Cinescence always wins. 98 00:10:09,120 --> 00:10:19,200 In other words, senescence, how we age and break down, is undefeated. 99 00:10:19,200 --> 00:10:24,240 Next is 16P11.2. 100 00:10:24,240 --> 00:10:29,360 Think of a deletion in our biology. 101 00:10:29,360 --> 00:10:38,280 Deletion and duplication are common with the genetic functioning. 102 00:10:38,280 --> 00:10:43,720 This is an implication to our serotonin. 103 00:10:43,720 --> 00:10:47,480 Serotonin comes from the RAFE. 104 00:10:47,480 --> 00:10:56,720 The RAFE is at the brain stem and responsible for the serotonergic release in the brain. 105 00:10:56,720 --> 00:11:02,280 The dorsal RAFE connects to the ventral striatum. 106 00:11:02,280 --> 00:11:04,360 They communicate. 107 00:11:04,360 --> 00:11:08,080 Remember the discussion on the striatum. 108 00:11:08,080 --> 00:11:11,600 A region of interest for us. 109 00:11:11,600 --> 00:11:17,520 Specifically in the ventral striatum is the nucleus accumbens. 110 00:11:17,520 --> 00:11:25,600 The nucleus accumbens is one of the most fascinating areas of the brain and body. 111 00:11:25,600 --> 00:11:29,200 For a brain region, it is large. 112 00:11:29,200 --> 00:11:31,440 And it has two parts. 113 00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:34,520 A shell and a core. 114 00:11:34,520 --> 00:11:38,960 There are serotonergic receptors in both. 115 00:11:38,960 --> 00:11:46,760 The nucleus accumbens is related to motivation, emotional processing, learning. 116 00:11:46,760 --> 00:11:56,160 It has a significant amount of NMDA receptors that are crucial for learning. 117 00:11:56,160 --> 00:12:08,640 It is also involved in reward prediction error, pleasure, addiction, and analgesia or endogenous 118 00:12:08,640 --> 00:12:10,440 pain response. 119 00:12:10,440 --> 00:12:18,760 Now, essentially everything named here can be drawn back to autism. 120 00:12:18,760 --> 00:12:23,240 A crucial part of the nucleus accumbens is socialness. 121 00:12:23,240 --> 00:12:31,640 A future episode will dive into the roles of oxytocin and vasopressin and socialness. 122 00:12:31,640 --> 00:12:43,840 Specifically, autism versus non-autism, extroverts to introverts, and interesting. 123 00:12:43,840 --> 00:12:51,800 Female autistics and male autistics and reviewing some work by the Gendar Consortium. 124 00:12:51,800 --> 00:12:59,040 However, for the sake of today's discussion, the serotonin system from RAFE to NUCULUS 125 00:12:59,040 --> 00:13:05,000 ACCUMBENS and the implications to socialness is an interest. 126 00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:13,160 Likely, in the near future, cell-specific targets of serotonin and the NUCULUS ACCUMBENS 127 00:13:13,160 --> 00:13:17,080 could rescue social deficits. 128 00:13:17,080 --> 00:13:24,240 If decided by those with social implications caused by autism or any other social disorder 129 00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:34,760 or problem, if and when this becomes an option, you have to make that decision. 130 00:13:34,760 --> 00:13:39,720 See the links below from Stanford. 131 00:13:39,720 --> 00:13:47,720 I want to do a hard stop here, a very hard stop, because it needs to be conveyed. 132 00:13:47,720 --> 00:13:50,080 It needs to be known. 133 00:13:50,080 --> 00:14:00,800 I will not make a habit of this, but serotonin is synthesized from tryptophan. 134 00:14:00,800 --> 00:14:10,640 Tryptophan is an aromatic amino acid, which is a type of protein, a very special type 135 00:14:10,640 --> 00:14:12,560 of protein. 136 00:14:12,560 --> 00:14:18,720 This is critical and not well known information. 137 00:14:18,720 --> 00:14:23,640 Tryptophan makes serotonin and melatonin. 138 00:14:23,640 --> 00:14:27,080 Okay, so what's the big deal? 139 00:14:27,080 --> 00:14:34,320 The big deal is, as you know, autism came around starting in the late 1930s. 140 00:14:34,320 --> 00:14:45,760 Tryptophan, being an aromatic amino acid, activates for UVB light wavelength, specifically 141 00:14:45,760 --> 00:14:49,640 around 200 nanometer light. 142 00:14:49,640 --> 00:14:54,480 That's within the UVB spectra. 143 00:14:54,480 --> 00:15:04,200 Over the past 130 years or so, humans are responding to the shift in the light sources. 144 00:15:04,200 --> 00:15:10,000 This is true, and we are poorly responding to it. 145 00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:12,640 This is true too. 146 00:15:12,640 --> 00:15:23,200 Proteins and gene expression and various aspects of our biology responds differently and requires 147 00:15:23,200 --> 00:15:26,200 different types of light. 148 00:15:26,200 --> 00:15:27,800 This is true. 149 00:15:27,800 --> 00:15:37,800 For instance, do you know anything about melanopsin? 150 00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:46,040 Autism is a downstream cause of the shift from sunlight source to the artificial light 151 00:15:46,040 --> 00:15:51,080 environment that suffocates us today. 152 00:15:51,080 --> 00:15:56,360 And the circadian rhythm mismatch. 153 00:15:56,360 --> 00:16:05,400 We have the ability now to extend the day to see light after dark. 154 00:16:05,400 --> 00:16:13,960 Human biology has not evolved for that type of environment. 155 00:16:13,960 --> 00:16:23,960 You can look up any health trend and notice that we are trending in bad directions. 156 00:16:23,960 --> 00:16:35,360 Few, if any, of our health measurements are doing good. 157 00:16:35,360 --> 00:16:50,200 Many things are on the rise like chronic diseases, Alzheimer's, diabetes, autism, and so forth. 158 00:16:50,200 --> 00:16:55,480 All of these are new in the medical literature. 159 00:16:55,480 --> 00:16:57,880 Know this. 160 00:16:57,880 --> 00:17:07,520 Know this about light sources and our biology and the various functions of the photoreceptors 161 00:17:07,520 --> 00:17:10,080 across our body. 162 00:17:10,080 --> 00:17:21,200 The brain and skin are connected, extremely upstream, much farther upstream than the genetic 163 00:17:21,200 --> 00:17:24,560 implications that we are discussing here. 164 00:17:24,560 --> 00:17:31,320 The brain and skin are neuroectoderm. 165 00:17:31,320 --> 00:17:33,760 You won't hear that. 166 00:17:33,760 --> 00:17:43,840 You won't hear that any place else, essentially. 167 00:17:43,840 --> 00:17:56,120 Like amino acids, activate all three of them for UVB and fluorescent for UVA, roughly 353 168 00:17:56,120 --> 00:18:00,560 nanometers. 169 00:18:00,560 --> 00:18:08,720 You won't hear this on any other podcast about autism or any university or research 170 00:18:08,720 --> 00:18:11,280 center. 171 00:18:11,280 --> 00:18:15,920 Being involved with the centralized paradigm. 172 00:18:15,920 --> 00:18:23,680 But if you do, please reach out to me and give me their information. 173 00:18:23,680 --> 00:18:33,160 Discussions like this, we need those discussions so we can understand what is going on recently 174 00:18:33,160 --> 00:18:37,160 with our health. 175 00:18:37,160 --> 00:18:41,320 I will provide a link and a warning. 176 00:18:41,320 --> 00:18:44,280 This will offend your beliefs. 177 00:18:44,280 --> 00:18:47,560 So already we got you. 178 00:18:47,560 --> 00:18:51,600 Already that says something. 179 00:18:51,600 --> 00:18:59,800 Will you take a step towards that path of critical thinking and explore these subjects 180 00:18:59,800 --> 00:19:06,000 and topics that I just communicated to you? 181 00:19:06,000 --> 00:19:13,600 These things are somewhat obvious if you know the biological processes. 182 00:19:13,600 --> 00:19:25,680 Or will you simply take the easy path, the centralized path, and shut it down? 183 00:19:25,680 --> 00:19:31,800 Now back to the genetic discussion. 184 00:19:31,800 --> 00:19:41,720 With 16p112, there are implications with excitation and inhibition. 185 00:19:41,720 --> 00:19:47,800 That is an imbalance between the two types of cellular functions. 186 00:19:47,800 --> 00:19:50,560 Two cell types. 187 00:19:50,560 --> 00:19:59,840 All of this information today is a step up to properly cover the EI imbalance. 188 00:19:59,840 --> 00:20:07,560 16p11.2 implicates cortical development. 189 00:20:07,560 --> 00:20:13,680 Same as the artificial light mentioned previously. 190 00:20:13,680 --> 00:20:19,400 That has severe implications to our cortical development. 191 00:20:19,400 --> 00:20:22,560 Just like the light sources I mentioned earlier. 192 00:20:22,560 --> 00:20:33,560 And the myelination, brains in our biology aren't developing properly. 193 00:20:33,560 --> 00:20:44,720 16p11.2 implicates that cortical development. 194 00:20:44,720 --> 00:20:49,680 But what is not known is unknown. 195 00:20:49,680 --> 00:20:58,400 That is causing the complications with these things that we're discussing today. 196 00:20:58,400 --> 00:21:02,400 Remember the artificial light exposure. 197 00:21:02,400 --> 00:21:05,640 Remember that tech light exposure. 198 00:21:05,640 --> 00:21:09,880 Remember the protein that I mentioned with melanopsin. 199 00:21:09,880 --> 00:21:12,920 And remember the circadian mismatch. 200 00:21:12,920 --> 00:21:24,760 Humans, modern humans, are essentially the only species with a circadian mismatch. 201 00:21:24,760 --> 00:21:27,600 It's wild. 202 00:21:27,600 --> 00:21:34,040 And remember the lack of aromatic protein activation. 203 00:21:34,040 --> 00:21:38,640 Remember these modern world problems. 204 00:21:38,640 --> 00:21:43,960 Remember the development of electricity and that power grid. 205 00:21:43,960 --> 00:21:59,800 And remember autism came about as early as the late 1930s with Leo Kanner and Hans Asperger. 206 00:21:59,800 --> 00:22:03,440 Next is calling 3. 207 00:22:03,440 --> 00:22:05,960 Or call 3. 208 00:22:05,960 --> 00:22:10,040 C-U-L 3. 209 00:22:10,040 --> 00:22:15,920 Call 3 is a gene that makes a protein called callin 3. 210 00:22:15,920 --> 00:22:24,000 Call 3 is highly associated with autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. 211 00:22:24,000 --> 00:22:28,600 Now you know how I feel about the word disorders. 212 00:22:28,600 --> 00:22:31,400 I don't really like it. 213 00:22:31,400 --> 00:22:39,040 In the critical stage of development when we're young, call 3 is a part of a pathway 214 00:22:39,040 --> 00:22:48,680 connecting 16p11.2 proteins to determine brain development. 215 00:22:48,680 --> 00:22:59,160 A call 3 deficiency in prefrontal area implicates social interaction and sensory gating. 216 00:22:59,160 --> 00:23:04,840 Or a way of determining sensations to perceptions. 217 00:23:04,840 --> 00:23:11,360 How we respond to physical phenomena in the environment. 218 00:23:11,360 --> 00:23:18,520 Remember with autism it is typically referred to as an abnormal response to our outside 219 00:23:18,520 --> 00:23:21,000 environment. 220 00:23:21,000 --> 00:23:27,120 Call 3 is associated with this. 221 00:23:27,120 --> 00:23:39,600 Also, call 3 deficiency causes low functioning in NMDA, that learning receptor I mentioned 222 00:23:39,600 --> 00:23:43,600 a little bit earlier. 223 00:23:43,600 --> 00:23:51,680 Call 3 deficiency also implicates stereotypic behaviors in the striatum. 224 00:23:51,680 --> 00:24:00,160 And lastly, neuronal excitability, that crucial EI relationship. 225 00:24:00,160 --> 00:24:09,600 The whole reason we are exploring this upstream components of our biology. 226 00:24:09,600 --> 00:24:14,080 Next is shank 3. 227 00:24:14,080 --> 00:24:18,240 Shank 3 is well studied in autism. 228 00:24:18,240 --> 00:24:23,760 Shank 3 is involved in tissues and brain. 229 00:24:23,760 --> 00:24:31,080 It involves synaptic connections or how cells connect and speak to each other. 230 00:24:31,080 --> 00:24:36,720 Shank 3 also involves the dendritic and spine formation. 231 00:24:36,720 --> 00:24:45,920 So more of that, specifically shank 3 encodes proteins for the excitatory synapses. 232 00:24:45,920 --> 00:24:52,280 Again, synapses are how cells connect and communicate. 233 00:24:52,280 --> 00:24:57,680 They move across the body or they move across the brain. 234 00:24:57,680 --> 00:25:04,160 Shank 3 will be involved in the sensory processing challenges of autism. 235 00:25:04,160 --> 00:25:11,120 In scientific literature, shank 3 knockout is shown to implicate neurotransmission in 236 00:25:11,120 --> 00:25:17,920 the striatum, whereby synaptic density were implicated. 237 00:25:17,920 --> 00:25:27,920 And behavior functioning shows repetitive behaviors, anxiety and deficits in social interaction 238 00:25:27,920 --> 00:25:31,640 and poor motor coordination. 239 00:25:31,640 --> 00:25:35,680 Does all of that sound familiar with autism? 240 00:25:35,680 --> 00:25:42,400 Something I have not mentioned yet is dyspraxia, which is seen in autism. 241 00:25:42,400 --> 00:25:51,160 It's basically poor motor coordination, especially at younger ages. 242 00:25:51,160 --> 00:26:00,080 In short, think about how cells talk to each other and areas of the brain connect. 243 00:26:00,080 --> 00:26:07,480 Synaptic is neurorexine and neurolegans or neuroligans. 244 00:26:07,480 --> 00:26:12,440 This is more synaptic development and functioning. 245 00:26:12,440 --> 00:26:15,720 Neurorexines are presynaptic. 246 00:26:15,720 --> 00:26:19,920 Neurolegans or ligands are post-synaptic. 247 00:26:19,920 --> 00:26:25,640 The synaptic cleft is remember 10 nanometers. 248 00:26:25,640 --> 00:26:33,360 That is the space in between each synaptic area. 249 00:26:33,360 --> 00:26:37,000 Neurolegans work alongside glia cells. 250 00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:40,920 Remember the Myelination part. 251 00:26:40,920 --> 00:26:46,400 A type of glia cell called astrocytes builds the myelin. 252 00:26:46,400 --> 00:26:48,400 It helps build the myelin. 253 00:26:48,400 --> 00:26:52,920 Myelination creates that highway of connection. 254 00:26:52,920 --> 00:26:58,040 It turns gravel roads into nicely paved highways. 255 00:26:58,040 --> 00:27:00,600 That's Myelination. 256 00:27:00,600 --> 00:27:03,600 Remember the explanation about B-movie. 257 00:27:03,600 --> 00:27:06,640 Remember how things just come fast. 258 00:27:06,640 --> 00:27:18,840 Remember how efficiency is a key characteristic of autism if you understand your superpowers. 259 00:27:18,840 --> 00:27:26,360 If you align with your ability, that becomes a superpower. 260 00:27:26,360 --> 00:27:34,400 It is my goal that more people with autism and others around them, especially others 261 00:27:34,400 --> 00:27:46,480 around them, understand autism is a collection of superpowers and super deficits. 262 00:27:46,480 --> 00:27:49,920 Let's worry about the super deficits. 263 00:27:49,920 --> 00:27:58,000 More focus on those awesome superpowers. 264 00:27:58,000 --> 00:28:04,320 Neurologan 3 mutations enhance repetitive behaviors. 265 00:28:04,320 --> 00:28:14,960 Neurologan 3 deletion impairs synaptic inhibition, some more EI imbalance, and those medium spiny 266 00:28:14,960 --> 00:28:19,000 neurons in this triadome. 267 00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:22,520 Remember the purpose of the spines. 268 00:28:22,520 --> 00:28:33,000 CNT-NAP2, our old friend, is a Neurorexin family member used in excitatory synapses 269 00:28:33,000 --> 00:28:35,000 formation. 270 00:28:35,000 --> 00:28:44,800 CNT-NAP2 impacts, highly impacts, metabolism in the medial prefrontal cortex. 271 00:28:44,800 --> 00:28:52,800 The medial prefrontal cortex has the highest resting metabolic rate. 272 00:28:52,800 --> 00:28:59,880 The medial prefrontal cortex is involved in decision making, memory integration, social 273 00:28:59,880 --> 00:29:12,120 cognition, understanding of the self, cognitive flexibility, excitatory and inhibition with 274 00:29:12,120 --> 00:29:25,160 medial prefrontal cortex transmission includes social behaviors and helps determine mood. 275 00:29:25,160 --> 00:29:31,760 As we wrap up today, I hope you understood a little bit about the genetic complications 276 00:29:31,760 --> 00:29:34,200 associated with autism. 277 00:29:34,200 --> 00:29:40,960 Further, what's more impressive is what these genetic mutations are causing. 278 00:29:40,960 --> 00:29:49,600 A lot with the synapses and cells, a lot with implications to our sensory processing and 279 00:29:49,600 --> 00:29:51,800 that balance. 280 00:29:51,800 --> 00:29:59,280 This balance is going to be crucial of excitation and inhibition. 281 00:29:59,280 --> 00:30:04,080 You want, you need that healthy balance. 282 00:30:04,080 --> 00:30:13,240 However, because there is an imbalance or potential imbalance, we will get into the 283 00:30:13,240 --> 00:30:18,920 superpowers and super deficits, the things that we can do and we can do well and the 284 00:30:18,920 --> 00:30:25,000 things we can't do or we struggle to do. 285 00:30:25,000 --> 00:30:31,760 So beyond the lookout for an episode about excitation and inhibition. 286 00:30:31,760 --> 00:30:44,080 Lastly, know and understand those implications with the light, light environment and our 287 00:30:44,080 --> 00:30:46,200 biology. 288 00:30:46,200 --> 00:30:54,440 If anything, you can improve your life by at least understanding this, at least making 289 00:30:54,440 --> 00:31:02,720 minor adjustments so your life can be better and healthier. 290 00:31:02,720 --> 00:31:06,560 If you would like to contact me, please do. 291 00:31:06,560 --> 00:31:14,000 Any types of questions, any types of comments, complaints, criticism, whatever the case, 292 00:31:14,000 --> 00:31:19,220 I will love to hear and have a conversation with you. 293 00:31:19,220 --> 00:31:30,760 You can email me at info.fromthespectrum at gmail.com. 294 00:31:30,760 --> 00:31:50,420 Lastly, thank you for listening to From the Spectrum podcast.