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No, not yet.

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Oh, yes, we are.

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Hello, and welcome to Invertecast.

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I am Leah from Dorech Leah and Invertecast.

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Of course, with me is Simon from the Mantis Garden.

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Hello, Simon.

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Shader's Promote.

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Yes, absolutely.

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I mean, we do it every episode.

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But today, we are going to be discussing bees and all about

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bees.

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So that includes bubble bees, honeybees, wasps,

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and yellowjackets, Africanized killer bees,

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where we're going to talk about them all.

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So we should, let's see, what do you want to get started with?

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Maybe.

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Types of bees?

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Yeah, let's do it.

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OK.

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Yeah, there are so many types of bees.

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I know that there are 20,000 different species of bees

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throughout the entire world.

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And specifically, there are approximately 4,000

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that live here in the US and Canada.

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And then, yeah, so there are a lot of species of bees.

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But most people probably only really

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think about like bubble bees or honey bees,

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maybe a little bit of wasps, things like that.

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But those are just like a tiny little glimpse

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into the world of bees.

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Yeah, there's 2,000 species of bees in Europe.

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So you've got to be like double in the Americas.

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Definitely.

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That's amazing.

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Although we do, I mean, that's probably

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due to the fact that we have a bit larger of a land mass.

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But Europe is pretty big, so I don't know.

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Yeah, I don't know what that's including.

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I don't know if that's including Scandinavia and, you know,

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extra Europe, Eastern Europe, and other aspects.

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And that makes us a big land mass.

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But I think you've got more of the climate for things,

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as you have all the books that we've done over here.

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And Europe.

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I think that's true.

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Hello, Shady.

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Shady says, good evening.

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Good evening, Shady.

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Good evening.

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All right, so I don't know like the specifics

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of each different kind of species of bees,

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but I do know that I would say that the most popular one

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or the most recognized one is definitely the honeybee.

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And there are so many species of those as well that, I mean,

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it's hard to be like, oh, just one honeybee.

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No, there are so many honeybees.

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It's not even funny.

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So you got, you know, sorry.

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You got, you know, your Japanese honeybees,

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American honeybees, there's European honeybees,

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African honeybees.

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So there's honeybees.

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They pretty much live all throughout the world, of course,

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except for like Antarctica, because nothing really lives

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there, except for penguin.

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That was pretty excited.

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Yeah, right.

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That's about it.

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OK, so yeah.

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Do you have anything else to add to what kind of bees

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there are in the world?

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Or?

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Well, obviously, honeybees.

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We can obviously see this, that you've done more

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squatting than I have about bees.

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Yes.

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I know about the standard bees, like, you know,

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you cap into bees and mason bees, et cetera,

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which are extremely interesting.

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The difference is the way they make the nests.

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Because when you think of a bee, most people

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think of a beehive, a tree branch,

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or even in your house somewhere, you know, under your gutter.

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Yeah.

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But there's lots of different ways.

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I mean, there's lots of bees.

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Some bees are actually just on their own,

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and they'll just dig a burrow into the ground

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and stay alive on their own sort of thing,

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and do it the self.

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And there are other bees that make nests underground,

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with like a fuller on the top, with clay,

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and they actually build it up like a termite would build it up,

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coming out of the ground.

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So you have little stalagmites, stalagmites type structures

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coming up with a hole down there.

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Yeah, a vinturite type.

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Yeah, they use the saliva and mud to make like clay

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that's even more interesting.

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It's actually waterproof.

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Bees' saliva is waterproof, which is awesome.

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So it rains, it just comes off like it does on a duck's back,

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which I think is interesting.

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That's incredible.

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I didn't know that.

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It is really cool.

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I mean, bees are pretty fascinating.

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So I know that here in the States we have paper wasps,

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which we call them paper wasps, but I'm

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going to guess that they're similar to the carpenter wasps,

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and they will build these big intricate honeycomb-looking

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hives, definitely in attics and kind of up high.

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Whereas like you were saying with the Tourette building guys

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or bees, we have bumblebees that they actually burrow

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underground, and they live in like in the shrubbery and stuff

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that accumulates around forest floor

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or around the ground of trees and whatnot.

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And so they'll just kind of burrow into that,

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and that's where they live.

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So that's definitely a fascinating thing about how

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they survive, essentially.

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So Carrie has asked if wasps actually

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have a good purpose outside of warning off children

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from parks.

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And that's true.

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The wasps are just horrible.

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Yeah, yeah.

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But it's like saying, do cats or tigers

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have a purpose about them just killing things?

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Wasps are pretty much a clean up group

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because they eat a lot of dead insects as well.

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They also catch a lot of things like flies and other annoying

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things like mosquitoes' residence.

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So in the era, particularly in our predator,

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but they're just annoying because they stingles

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and we don't like them.

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They're right.

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They're spooked in the ecosystem.

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But like mosquitoes, they're annoying.

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To us, so therefore, we don't see them as a useful creature

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because we don't find them particularly

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comfortable to live with.

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And that's just down to humans.

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It's not down to the ecosystem or the animal world.

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That's my opinion.

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Right.

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No, I think you're absolutely right.

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They do serve a purpose, even though we definitely

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see wasps as kind of a pest.

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They do tend to build their nest around our houses

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and can be very intimidating as far as that goes

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because you don't want to be stung by them.

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It is actually a pretty painful sting, more so than a regular bee.

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But I mean, it's not as bad as you might think.

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I mean, it's kind of a sting, for sure.

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It hurts.

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There's a lot of pain isolated at the sting site

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and they're swelling.

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I'm sorry, Simon.

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You don't need to.

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That's just wrong.

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We have, when we moved in this house,

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we had because it's bright to my mind that we have a nest

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in an outside shed that was here.

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A paper wasp, European paper wasp.

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And I got suited up with everything,

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mask on and all that from where I was getting everything.

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And I put a woolly hat on my head thinking it was on the tent.

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And unfortunately not.

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And I went out with a CO2 fire extinguisher

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and froze some to get rid of it.

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They stung all the top of my head.

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Oh, no.

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There were 50 stings on the top of my head.

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Oh, goodness.

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Seriously gave me a really, really bad headache.

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But apart from that, I mean, I said, they're not killer wasps.

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But you do have some more dangerous ones.

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When you go in that territory, painful and dangerous,

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you're sliding towards hornets rather than wasps, I think.

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Absolutely.

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If you get stung enough, it's definitely a dangerous thing

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because they can send you to a hospital

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and then you'd have to be treated probably

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with a lot of Benadryl and anti-inflammatories.

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But yeah, wasps actually do serve a pretty important purpose.

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They are incidental pollinators.

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So because they're carnivorous, so they

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hunt and attack like other flying insects.

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And that's basically what they eat.

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And they will also attack big cicadas.

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And they will bring it back to the hive

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and feed that to their larvae or the baby wasps.

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And the queen, of course.

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And so because of that, they are actually

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really great as far as keeping the pest populations down

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and keeping them in control.

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And a lot of farmers here in the States

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actually really like to use wasps as that kind of pesticide

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like a natural pesticide for their crops, which

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makes a lot of sense to me.

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It kind of hits back on that lady bugs,

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harvesting lady bugs and using them as pesticides.

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Again, it just makes a lot of sense to do that.

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So I think that's a good point.

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Even.

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Sorry.

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Yeah.

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Well, it's finished.

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Yeah, no, I'm pretty finished with the wasps.

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I think.

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I'll just tail you off there by putting in.

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I am sorry about that.

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Oh, you're totally fine.

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There's something you do that we don't seem to do as much,

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which is rent bees.

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Right.

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And then put them in your fields to pollinate.

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Yeah.

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Yeah, that is definitely something that is done here in the States.

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I know for sure that here we have, I've mentioned them before

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on the podcast quite a few times, but the butterfly pavilion here

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is a really huge, basically bee superpower.

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They will rent like little hives that you can take to,

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like if you have a greenhouse or a garden in your house or again,

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like a farm and basically just allow the bees to do what they do.

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And yeah, and everybody kind of benefits from that because the

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butterfly pavilion, you know, you're helping them and their

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program as far as conservation because they have a pretty good

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program for that.

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And then you're also helping your own garden in your crops that

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you're trying to protect from other pests and critters that can

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really damage those plants.

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So speaking of conservation, I thought that that would be,

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this is a good segue to talk about the conservation efforts

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that you read about recently.

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Well, it's actually not a recent one.

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This has been going on for quite a while, but in the UK or in

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Britain, at least not in the UK.

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There's something called a bee wine, which is where we have

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what they call a nature setting, a wildlife setting.

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It's quite different from the States.

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We have been to the cities in dots here and there across the

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landscape.

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And in between that, we've got lots and lots of countryside.

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So what they've done is connect the areas, you know, one nature

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area to another area, a nature area.

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We've got a transport system for bees, which is literally a

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strip of land that connects between the countryside areas and

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nature areas of flowers that bees love, basically.

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And it's an amazing network of flowers that go in line to

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connect the bees to other places they've got to go.

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It's a fantastic idea and I'd love to see every other country do it.

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I agree.

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I think that's really, really something because as we know,

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you know, bee populations across the whole world have been

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declining in recent years.

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Actually, for a couple of decades now.

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And so that program actually sounds really, really great for the

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bees because I'm sure that you're probably also starting to see

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like a boom in some of the populations of the bees there in

262
00:14:09,240 --> 00:14:10,240
the UK.

263
00:14:10,240 --> 00:14:13,240
I can imagine that that's just, I mean, that's some of the best

264
00:14:13,240 --> 00:14:15,240
things that we can do.

265
00:14:15,240 --> 00:14:18,240
I mean, even here in the States, a lot of people like to plant

266
00:14:18,240 --> 00:14:22,240
that are attractive, more attractive to honey bees and bees in

267
00:14:22,240 --> 00:14:23,240
general.

268
00:14:23,240 --> 00:14:25,240
So like lavender is a good one.

269
00:14:25,240 --> 00:14:28,240
Mary Golds is another great one.

270
00:14:28,240 --> 00:14:32,240
I think sunflowers to an extent, I don't know if sunflowers are

271
00:14:32,240 --> 00:14:34,240
really that great.

272
00:14:34,240 --> 00:14:38,240
But I do know that like that is something that we can do here at

273
00:14:38,240 --> 00:14:42,240
home that will also help bee populations and help to keep them

274
00:14:42,240 --> 00:14:44,240
from starving.

275
00:14:44,240 --> 00:14:47,240
You know, because without those flowers, they starve.

276
00:14:47,240 --> 00:14:51,240
But without when they're when they have the gardens is like, if

277
00:14:51,240 --> 00:14:55,240
you've got big enough garden, you know, save a bit, save a little

278
00:14:55,240 --> 00:14:56,240
corner.

279
00:14:56,240 --> 00:15:01,240
Keep that little corner as wild as possible with wild flowers,

280
00:15:01,240 --> 00:15:05,240
everything, little corner, because it doesn't have a lot of

281
00:15:05,240 --> 00:15:06,240
insects.

282
00:15:06,240 --> 00:15:09,240
And if it helps insects, it helps other animals, etc, etc.

283
00:15:09,240 --> 00:15:11,240
It's a knock on effect, isn't it?

284
00:15:11,240 --> 00:15:13,240
That's what it is really.

285
00:15:13,240 --> 00:15:17,240
But yeah, if you've got a garden that's big enough, please keep a

286
00:15:17,240 --> 00:15:21,240
bit that's wild, just absolutely wild.

287
00:15:21,240 --> 00:15:22,240
Absolutely.

288
00:15:22,240 --> 00:15:26,240
No wild flowers there, let the weeds grow as well, because a lot of

289
00:15:26,240 --> 00:15:30,240
the weeds that we don't like and pull out of our garden.

290
00:15:30,240 --> 00:15:32,240
They're actually really beneficial.

291
00:15:32,240 --> 00:15:34,240
We're pulling them up.

292
00:15:34,240 --> 00:15:36,240
So right, right.

293
00:15:36,240 --> 00:15:40,240
I believe sunflowers here are also kind of considered a weed,

294
00:15:40,240 --> 00:15:43,240
but they are super beneficial.

295
00:15:43,240 --> 00:15:45,240
They can be very like invasive.

296
00:15:45,240 --> 00:15:48,240
So if you are planting sunflowers, be aware of that.

297
00:15:48,240 --> 00:15:50,240
They are an invasive plant.

298
00:15:50,240 --> 00:15:54,240
But they are pretty beneficial because again, they provide a bit

299
00:15:54,240 --> 00:15:56,240
of pollen for the bees.

300
00:15:56,240 --> 00:16:00,240
I think that's kind of, I'm playing on a stereotype here.

301
00:16:00,240 --> 00:16:03,240
You see those pretty pictures of little bees and stuff.

302
00:16:03,240 --> 00:16:05,240
It's usually on a sunflower.

303
00:16:05,240 --> 00:16:09,240
But I do know that Mary Golds lavender, anything purple, any

304
00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:11,240
kind of purple flowers.

305
00:16:11,240 --> 00:16:15,240
We have a flower here in Colorado that's native to Colorado called

306
00:16:15,240 --> 00:16:16,240
the Columbine.

307
00:16:16,240 --> 00:16:22,240
And it is an absolutely beautiful flower, but very high in like

308
00:16:22,240 --> 00:16:23,240
pollen.

309
00:16:23,240 --> 00:16:27,240
And so pollinators absolutely love Columbines.

310
00:16:27,240 --> 00:16:30,240
So if you get your hands on some Columbines, plant those, but I

311
00:16:30,240 --> 00:16:35,240
agree on keeping the garden wild or to those wild native species

312
00:16:35,240 --> 00:16:39,240
of plants and whatnot is actually the most, is the best thing

313
00:16:39,240 --> 00:16:41,240
you can possibly do for those bees.

314
00:16:41,240 --> 00:16:43,240
Very, very cool.

315
00:16:43,240 --> 00:16:48,240
The sunflowers, I've tried to grow sunflowers in my garden for

316
00:16:48,240 --> 00:16:50,240
10 years.

317
00:16:50,240 --> 00:16:52,240
They won't grow.

318
00:16:52,240 --> 00:16:54,240
We won't grow at all.

319
00:16:54,240 --> 00:16:59,240
So it's like, you know, you're considering weeds and I can't

320
00:16:59,240 --> 00:17:02,240
get them to grow, putting fertilizer on the look after.

321
00:17:02,240 --> 00:17:06,240
So it's, you know, it's a good thing that you've got your

322
00:17:06,240 --> 00:17:08,240
perspective over there.

323
00:17:08,240 --> 00:17:11,240
And is this, I mean, the rest of you would probably okay.

324
00:17:11,240 --> 00:17:13,240
I'll go up in that.

325
00:17:13,240 --> 00:17:15,240
It's probably awesome Scandinavia.

326
00:17:15,240 --> 00:17:17,240
I've got to say that.

327
00:17:17,240 --> 00:17:20,240
But yeah, to see the different perspectives where you're saying,

328
00:17:20,240 --> 00:17:23,240
you know, just plant this, just plant that, and thinking, yeah,

329
00:17:23,240 --> 00:17:24,240
you can.

330
00:17:24,240 --> 00:17:27,240
But for us, it's a little more difficult.

331
00:17:27,240 --> 00:17:29,240
Well, it's difficult.

332
00:17:29,240 --> 00:17:32,240
You guys don't get quite as much sunlight as we do.

333
00:17:32,240 --> 00:17:35,240
Is that pretty accurate? Yeah.

334
00:17:35,240 --> 00:17:36,240
I think so.

335
00:17:36,240 --> 00:17:38,240
I think the heat.

336
00:17:38,240 --> 00:17:40,240
Possibly.

337
00:17:40,240 --> 00:17:42,240
I mean, it's like summer.

338
00:17:42,240 --> 00:17:43,240
We get a winter.

339
00:17:43,240 --> 00:17:44,240
Sorry.

340
00:17:44,240 --> 00:17:47,240
We have more sunshine than we have in summer.

341
00:17:47,240 --> 00:17:49,240
But it's that cold.

342
00:17:49,240 --> 00:17:51,240
So, so nothing grows.

343
00:17:51,240 --> 00:17:53,240
Yeah.

344
00:17:53,240 --> 00:17:56,240
But we, you know, it's probably why we're so green really and

345
00:17:56,240 --> 00:18:00,240
rather than colorful, like Ireland, it's the same sort of thing.

346
00:18:00,240 --> 00:18:03,240
It's, it's, it's damp.

347
00:18:03,240 --> 00:18:05,240
Yeah.

348
00:18:05,240 --> 00:18:08,240
A lot of plants don't like that.

349
00:18:08,240 --> 00:18:14,240
So it's, that's why I'm saying about the corner with the wild stuff.

350
00:18:14,240 --> 00:18:16,240
And because I'm here anyway.

351
00:18:16,240 --> 00:18:19,240
So, you know, it's going to grow.

352
00:18:19,240 --> 00:18:22,240
Whereas if you, if you think of the planting, some flowers or

353
00:18:22,240 --> 00:18:25,240
anything else that these are going to love.

354
00:18:25,240 --> 00:18:27,240
Your chances are pretty slim.

355
00:18:27,240 --> 00:18:30,240
Unless you've, you know, got your green house and all the rest of

356
00:18:30,240 --> 00:18:32,240
stuff, your chances are slim.

357
00:18:32,240 --> 00:18:33,240
Sure.

358
00:18:33,240 --> 00:18:34,240
Sure.

359
00:18:34,240 --> 00:18:35,240
Yeah.

360
00:18:35,240 --> 00:18:36,240
Climate does.

361
00:18:36,240 --> 00:18:37,240
Wild flowers look fantastic.

362
00:18:37,240 --> 00:18:41,240
You ever seen wild flowers in a, in a, in a, in a, in a pot?

363
00:18:41,240 --> 00:18:46,240
I've got quite a big patch where I keep absolutely completely wild.

364
00:18:46,240 --> 00:18:49,240
And I've got logs stacked up and all sorts of books and, and

365
00:18:49,240 --> 00:18:51,240
baby birds and things.

366
00:18:51,240 --> 00:18:52,240
Awesome.

367
00:18:52,240 --> 00:18:56,240
And that actually normally looks better than the part that I've,

368
00:18:56,240 --> 00:18:59,240
I've got planted out.

369
00:18:59,240 --> 00:19:01,240
So we say properly.

370
00:19:01,240 --> 00:19:02,240
Yeah.

371
00:19:02,240 --> 00:19:07,240
Planted out properly, but the wild part when it, when it's at its

372
00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:10,240
height and everything, all the different things that you've got

373
00:19:10,240 --> 00:19:14,240
cornflowers growing at marigolds and all and poppies and all sorts of

374
00:19:14,240 --> 00:19:17,240
things that will grow here naturally.

375
00:19:17,240 --> 00:19:19,240
Naintively, sorry.

376
00:19:19,240 --> 00:19:20,240
Sure.

377
00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:22,240
They look absolutely fantastic.

378
00:19:22,240 --> 00:19:24,240
They look better than the rest.

379
00:19:24,240 --> 00:19:26,240
Oh, I love that.

380
00:19:26,240 --> 00:19:27,240
That's amazing.

381
00:19:27,240 --> 00:19:30,240
I can only imagine how, how wonderful that must be.

382
00:19:30,240 --> 00:19:31,240
Fantastic.

383
00:19:31,240 --> 00:19:32,240
Yeah.

384
00:19:32,240 --> 00:19:37,240
I mean, I live, living in the city, I don't, it's hard to, to have a

385
00:19:37,240 --> 00:19:41,240
really nice garden because they do take a lot of time to, you know,

386
00:19:41,240 --> 00:19:44,240
procure and make sure that they're doing well.

387
00:19:44,240 --> 00:19:51,240
But I do definitely enjoy seeing more native and wild species of

388
00:19:51,240 --> 00:19:54,240
flowers and plants and stuff coming, coming into other people's

389
00:19:54,240 --> 00:19:55,240
yards.

390
00:19:55,240 --> 00:19:58,240
And I think that's actually right now in the States, that's

391
00:19:58,240 --> 00:20:04,240
actually becoming a more popularized method of, of grooming a

392
00:20:04,240 --> 00:20:08,240
yard is I'm starting to see a lot more people doing that exact

393
00:20:08,240 --> 00:20:12,240
thing where they're just allowing for the native and natural species

394
00:20:12,240 --> 00:20:17,240
of plants and stuff kind of overthrow their yard, essentially,

395
00:20:17,240 --> 00:20:20,240
which makes a lot of sense because then you have a lot less

396
00:20:20,240 --> 00:20:24,240
maintenance, you're not having to go out and mow your yard every,

397
00:20:24,240 --> 00:20:26,240
you know, week or so.

398
00:20:26,240 --> 00:20:29,240
You're not having to water quite as much because again, these

399
00:20:29,240 --> 00:20:33,240
native species, they're, they're going to thrive where they are

400
00:20:33,240 --> 00:20:34,240
from.

401
00:20:34,240 --> 00:20:38,240
So when it rains, that's the perfect thing.

402
00:20:38,240 --> 00:20:41,240
So yeah, I'm really hoping that I see a lot more of that, but I

403
00:20:41,240 --> 00:20:46,240
definitely have noticed that it's definitely a really good trend.

404
00:20:46,240 --> 00:20:47,240
Okay, so.

405
00:20:47,240 --> 00:20:48,240
Fantastic.

406
00:20:48,240 --> 00:20:52,240
I think my wife is from Africa.

407
00:20:52,240 --> 00:20:58,240
So living here, when she sees weeds that I would consider like

408
00:20:58,240 --> 00:21:01,240
horrible, pull it off and get rid of them.

409
00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:03,240
She's like, no, no, leave that.

410
00:21:03,240 --> 00:21:04,240
They're beautiful.

411
00:21:04,240 --> 00:21:05,240
I know.

412
00:21:05,240 --> 00:21:07,240
So it has a completely different perspective.

413
00:21:07,240 --> 00:21:13,240
It's the States, what you use, weeds, I might find really attractive

414
00:21:13,240 --> 00:21:17,240
and think that as a beautiful flower, you know, or whatever.

415
00:21:17,240 --> 00:21:20,240
It's a difference when you go to different countries, what one

416
00:21:20,240 --> 00:21:24,240
considers a weed and other one is cultivating to put in the gardens

417
00:21:24,240 --> 00:21:25,240
on purpose.

418
00:21:25,240 --> 00:21:30,240
That's what you seem to find around the world.

419
00:21:30,240 --> 00:21:31,240
Certainly.

420
00:21:31,240 --> 00:21:35,240
I mean, I think it's really fascinating the differences and

421
00:21:35,240 --> 00:21:39,240
what we consider something that is awesome and beautiful and that

422
00:21:39,240 --> 00:21:42,240
we want to cultivate a lot more of them and, you know, what some

423
00:21:42,240 --> 00:21:43,240
people consider weeds.

424
00:21:43,240 --> 00:21:48,240
I think that's a very interesting, like a signal of kind of what

425
00:21:48,240 --> 00:21:52,240
culturally, like the differences that we all have.

426
00:21:52,240 --> 00:21:56,240
I think that's a really, really good point for sure.

427
00:21:56,240 --> 00:22:04,240
So let's talk about why bees are such important pollinators in the

428
00:22:04,240 --> 00:22:09,240
world and why conservation efforts are so important in keeping these

429
00:22:09,240 --> 00:22:14,240
bees around and making sure that they don't ever go extinct,

430
00:22:14,240 --> 00:22:15,240
obviously.

431
00:22:15,240 --> 00:22:21,240
So you mentioned this actually backstage or earlier we were

432
00:22:21,240 --> 00:22:25,240
discussing why these were so important and we read a statistic,

433
00:22:25,240 --> 00:22:31,240
we know of a statistic that says that bees are and pollinators in

434
00:22:31,240 --> 00:22:37,240
general are responsible for one in three bites of food for like

435
00:22:37,240 --> 00:22:39,240
worldwide for people.

436
00:22:39,240 --> 00:22:43,240
And that's a pretty big statistic if you think about it.

437
00:22:43,240 --> 00:22:46,240
That's a third of all of the food that's ever produced throughout

438
00:22:46,240 --> 00:22:52,240
the world and that bees and pollinators are responsible for

439
00:22:52,240 --> 00:22:54,240
that third of food.

440
00:22:54,240 --> 00:22:59,240
So I think that's probably the biggest reason that they're so

441
00:22:59,240 --> 00:23:03,240
important is because of that food production and that pollination

442
00:23:03,240 --> 00:23:08,240
that creates that food production, obviously, because food is

443
00:23:08,240 --> 00:23:12,240
actually an essential for humans, like we can't survive without food.

444
00:23:12,240 --> 00:23:16,240
Clearly, same with water, we can't survive without water.

445
00:23:16,240 --> 00:23:20,240
So what are your thoughts on that, Simon?

446
00:23:20,240 --> 00:23:26,240
Like what do you think, why else do you think that these bees are

447
00:23:26,240 --> 00:23:29,240
so important for pollinators?

448
00:23:29,240 --> 00:23:44,240
Well, 90% of the world's food crops are pollinated by insects.

449
00:23:44,240 --> 00:23:46,240
That's a lot.

450
00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:48,240
90% is a lot.

451
00:23:48,240 --> 00:23:51,240
So if you think about it, if you say there's people in the world now

452
00:23:51,240 --> 00:23:55,240
starving to death, imagine taking another 90% of the world's food

453
00:23:55,240 --> 00:23:57,240
away.

454
00:23:57,240 --> 00:23:59,240
It would be devastating.

455
00:23:59,240 --> 00:24:04,240
That's what would happen if we start squashing all the bugs we see.

456
00:24:04,240 --> 00:24:10,240
This is why insects in general are so important, but the vast majority

457
00:24:10,240 --> 00:24:16,240
about 90% is bees that are actually doing all the pollinating.

458
00:24:16,240 --> 00:24:21,240
Like I said before, there's a massive, massive amount of bees.

459
00:24:21,240 --> 00:24:26,240
Some bees only go for red flowers, some only go for yellow flowers,

460
00:24:26,240 --> 00:24:28,240
some for purple flowers.

461
00:24:28,240 --> 00:24:34,240
I don't know about the eyesight of bees, unfortunately.

462
00:24:34,240 --> 00:24:40,240
I'm pretty lacking on that information, but if anybody else knows,

463
00:24:40,240 --> 00:24:42,240
please let us know why that is.

464
00:24:42,240 --> 00:24:48,240
I do know that their eyesight is very similar to almost like infrared,

465
00:24:48,240 --> 00:24:53,240
so the brighter purple and blue hues tend to be the ones that they're

466
00:24:53,240 --> 00:24:56,240
more attracted to, so that looks a lot brighter to them.

467
00:24:56,240 --> 00:25:03,240
And of course, I think yellow and some orange hues are also very vibrant

468
00:25:03,240 --> 00:25:09,240
for them, but yeah, their eyesight is kind of a mystery to me as well.

469
00:25:09,240 --> 00:25:16,240
Just picking certain colors, so for one species, being like, I only eat red flowers.

470
00:25:16,240 --> 00:25:22,240
That was the hard work flying around, looking for the red flowers only.

471
00:25:22,240 --> 00:25:26,240
Did you know, just talking about flowers, did you know there's actually a bee

472
00:25:26,240 --> 00:25:32,240
that makes a burrow in the ground and it wallpapers its entire burrow

473
00:25:32,240 --> 00:25:34,240
with petals and flowers?

474
00:25:34,240 --> 00:25:38,240
Oh wow, no, I had no idea, that's amazing.

475
00:25:38,240 --> 00:25:44,240
It cuts off little petals, little bits of petal, flies back up in the burrow

476
00:25:44,240 --> 00:25:49,240
and glues them to the inside of the burrow with saliva, and out again it goes

477
00:25:49,240 --> 00:25:50,240
and gets more.

478
00:25:50,240 --> 00:25:53,240
Wow, that's incredible, I had no idea.

479
00:25:53,240 --> 00:25:59,240
I was just like, right, yeah, I agree.

480
00:25:59,240 --> 00:26:05,240
I couldn't find a reason for them doing it, nobody seems to have studied that,

481
00:26:05,240 --> 00:26:08,240
but they don't know why they do it.

482
00:26:08,240 --> 00:26:14,240
I'm wondering if they do it because possibly there might be a chemical or something

483
00:26:14,240 --> 00:26:20,240
within the flower petal itself that provides some kind of sustenance for them,

484
00:26:20,240 --> 00:26:28,240
possibly, or I'm wondering if it also might have to do with keeping predators away,

485
00:26:28,240 --> 00:26:34,240
because you know that there are some plants that are actually really, really good,

486
00:26:34,240 --> 00:26:38,240
like insecticide essentially, like pine here for instance.

487
00:26:38,240 --> 00:26:40,240
Yeah, pine, yeah.

488
00:26:40,240 --> 00:26:49,240
You know, pine is something that we know that spiders and bees are just, they're put off of.

489
00:26:49,240 --> 00:26:53,240
They don't like it, it's very off-putting to them, so they avoid it.

490
00:26:53,240 --> 00:26:56,240
You know, same with peppermint and these are known to be plants.

491
00:26:56,240 --> 00:27:03,240
So I'm wondering if that specific bee or that specific flower has some kind of, you know,

492
00:27:03,240 --> 00:27:12,240
that kind of attribute that helps them to stay away from other carnivorous insects.

493
00:27:12,240 --> 00:27:17,240
It could be, but I prefer to think they just like the color.

494
00:27:17,240 --> 00:27:19,240
Maybe so.

495
00:27:19,240 --> 00:27:21,240
It's nice on the wall.

496
00:27:21,240 --> 00:27:24,240
You never know.

497
00:27:24,240 --> 00:27:30,240
I'll keep that in mind until somebody actually writes the paper on it and says,

498
00:27:30,240 --> 00:27:35,240
why, but I'm going to keep that in my mind because I think that's a much more romantic view of it.

499
00:27:35,240 --> 00:27:36,240
I agree.

500
00:27:36,240 --> 00:27:41,240
We'll go with that, that it's much more aesthetically pleasing to them than...

501
00:27:41,240 --> 00:27:43,240
That's the word I was looking for.

502
00:27:43,240 --> 00:27:46,240
I couldn't think of the word.

503
00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:47,240
All right.

504
00:27:47,240 --> 00:27:49,240
I love that though.

505
00:27:49,240 --> 00:27:53,240
That's some pretty interesting information about certain species.

506
00:27:53,240 --> 00:28:01,240
They each have their own, like qualities that are just like so much cooler,

507
00:28:01,240 --> 00:28:05,240
more interesting than the next, I would say.

508
00:28:05,240 --> 00:28:12,240
And I think that's another reason that, you know, they're just such a cool, interesting little invert, you know.

509
00:28:12,240 --> 00:28:18,240
So we are also going to talk about bees that kill other bees.

510
00:28:18,240 --> 00:28:25,240
And I think a great example of that would be the...

511
00:28:25,240 --> 00:28:33,240
In Japan, the Japanese honeybees, there's a type of wasp that actually will attack the Japanese honeybee hives.

512
00:28:33,240 --> 00:28:45,240
And so, you know, and I know that there are some yellow jackets and wasps and whatnot that will attack other bee hives and things like that.

513
00:28:45,240 --> 00:28:59,240
We also have tarantula hawks that will attack and kill a tarantula and then lay their eggs in the tarantula's body so that when the larvae hatch, they have something to munch on.

514
00:28:59,240 --> 00:29:07,240
So yeah, let's, you know, kind of delve into bees that eat and kill or kill and eat other bees.

515
00:29:07,240 --> 00:29:09,240
What do you think the purpose of that is?

516
00:29:09,240 --> 00:29:11,240
Like what?

517
00:29:11,240 --> 00:29:12,240
Lunch.

518
00:29:12,240 --> 00:29:13,240
Lunch?

519
00:29:13,240 --> 00:29:14,240
Right?

520
00:29:14,240 --> 00:29:17,240
What's the purpose of anything?

521
00:29:17,240 --> 00:29:23,240
I don't think there's any real purpose. I mean, it's just the way they've evolved.

522
00:29:23,240 --> 00:29:26,240
It's just gone, this is an easy meal, you know.

523
00:29:26,240 --> 00:29:27,240
Yeah.

524
00:29:27,240 --> 00:29:28,240
It's an easy meal.

525
00:29:28,240 --> 00:29:29,240
We've got this sauce.

526
00:29:29,240 --> 00:29:31,240
The laddies will, you know, will snack on this.

527
00:29:31,240 --> 00:29:32,240
It's...

528
00:29:32,240 --> 00:29:33,240
Sure.

529
00:29:33,240 --> 00:29:37,240
Probably just how they, you know, evolved in general.

530
00:29:37,240 --> 00:29:39,240
Right, right, right.

531
00:29:39,240 --> 00:29:45,240
Lunches, you think, why do they eat that? It's just because it's easy, I suppose.

532
00:29:45,240 --> 00:29:51,240
Like pandas giving up on chasing things and they can just sit there and chew on bamboo.

533
00:29:51,240 --> 00:29:55,240
This is easy. I'm going to do this instead.

534
00:29:55,240 --> 00:29:59,240
That's how bees have evolved.

535
00:29:59,240 --> 00:30:05,240
And the hornets you talked about in Japan, I cannot remember the name for life for me.

536
00:30:05,240 --> 00:30:09,240
I did know the Latin name for them as well.

537
00:30:09,240 --> 00:30:16,240
But those are absolutely fascinating the way they go and the amount of bees they can kill.

538
00:30:16,240 --> 00:30:20,240
I think it's something like, is it 20 minutes? Something like that?

539
00:30:20,240 --> 00:30:21,240
Oh, wow.

540
00:30:21,240 --> 00:30:22,240
No, I don't know.

541
00:30:22,240 --> 00:30:24,240
Yeah, just like crunching them.

542
00:30:24,240 --> 00:30:33,240
And then the only defense the bees have when we get into the hive is by swarming them into the bottom.

543
00:30:33,240 --> 00:30:39,240
Flapping their wings really hard and rising the temperature within the bowl.

544
00:30:39,240 --> 00:30:43,240
And it kills the wasp because the bees can handle the temperature.

545
00:30:43,240 --> 00:30:50,240
It gets over 40 degrees centigrade in there, which is, I think that's nearly 100 degrees far and right.

546
00:30:50,240 --> 00:30:51,240
I believe it.

547
00:30:51,240 --> 00:30:57,240
And it gets so hot, it kills the wasp and the bees are like, they're all right now.

548
00:30:57,240 --> 00:31:02,240
The bees can handle it, the wasps can't, but that's how they see them off to the best of the ability.

549
00:31:02,240 --> 00:31:05,240
They have to get swarmed by the wasps, as you said, by the...

550
00:31:05,240 --> 00:31:07,240
Yeah, they're doomed.

551
00:31:07,240 --> 00:31:09,240
They're doomed for.

552
00:31:09,240 --> 00:31:11,240
They're done for, yeah, for sure.

553
00:31:11,240 --> 00:31:20,240
I think it's pretty interesting and very impressive how they interact with one another and are able to work as a team like that.

554
00:31:20,240 --> 00:31:22,240
It's almost, you know, that hive mind.

555
00:31:22,240 --> 00:31:26,240
I think we've talked about this before when we were talking about ants.

556
00:31:26,240 --> 00:31:32,240
They all just kind of have that one mission, they know what it is, they, you know, they go for it.

557
00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:36,240
And Japanese honeybees are no exception to that.

558
00:31:36,240 --> 00:31:43,240
So I think they do actually, they raise the temperatures to like close to 120 degrees.

559
00:31:43,240 --> 00:31:44,240
Is it?

560
00:31:44,240 --> 00:31:45,240
Which, yeah, I believe so.

561
00:31:45,240 --> 00:31:49,240
I think it's like 115, 120 somewhere in that range.

562
00:31:49,240 --> 00:31:54,240
And which is, you know, obviously detrimental to the wasp.

563
00:31:54,240 --> 00:32:03,240
But like you said, those honeybees are able to withstand that kind of a temperature, which also raises the CO2 levels in the hive.

564
00:32:03,240 --> 00:32:12,240
So they basically boil and suffocate the wasp to death, which is pretty fascinating.

565
00:32:12,240 --> 00:32:21,240
And then I can imagine that they probably just use the dead wasp as some kind of sustenance or, you know, maybe a part of the hive eventually.

566
00:32:21,240 --> 00:32:27,240
I mean, it all breaks down, of course, but that's, it's pretty fascinating stuff.

567
00:32:27,240 --> 00:32:37,240
So yeah, most, most like honeybees and like bumblebees and those kinds of bees are actually stingless.

568
00:32:37,240 --> 00:32:41,240
So they don't have stingers meaning that, you know, they, they can't sting you.

569
00:32:41,240 --> 00:32:43,240
So they're not quite as defensive.

570
00:32:43,240 --> 00:32:49,240
They're also not quite as aggressive as some wasps and yellow jackets can be.

571
00:32:49,240 --> 00:33:00,240
So speaking of aggressive bees, Carrie asks, do killer bees make honey?

572
00:33:00,240 --> 00:33:05,240
So this is a really great question and a really great segue into killer bees.

573
00:33:05,240 --> 00:33:07,240
What are they?

574
00:33:07,240 --> 00:33:10,240
Are they really that bad?

575
00:33:10,240 --> 00:33:18,240
And I actually did a whole bunch of research on killer bees and come to find out that killer bees are also known as Africanized honeybees.

576
00:33:18,240 --> 00:33:26,240
So they, yes, do produce honey, but the reason they exist is because of us.

577
00:33:26,240 --> 00:33:44,240
So back in the 1950s, some scientists or people, you know, brought these African honeybees into Brazil and hybridized them with the Brazilian honeybees in an effort to create more honey production.

578
00:33:44,240 --> 00:33:47,240
So they wanted to produce a lot more honey.

579
00:33:47,240 --> 00:34:06,240
Unfortunately, some of those bees escaped the laboratories where they were being cultivated, essentially, and have pretty much scattered and spread throughout the entire world, including like the southern most parts of the United States.

580
00:34:06,240 --> 00:34:12,240
But they, you can find them pretty much in Africa, South America, Central America.

581
00:34:12,240 --> 00:34:19,240
Any place that's pretty warm, you're probably going to find some Africanized honeybees.

582
00:34:19,240 --> 00:34:32,240
The funniest thing about them, though, I think is that, you know, we've been, people have been trying to control them for decades and decades, but unfortunately it's just they're very, very tricky to control.

583
00:34:32,240 --> 00:34:44,240
And the reason that they have been given the name of killer bees is because they are much more aggressive and much quicker than any other bees.

584
00:34:44,240 --> 00:34:57,240
So if you disturb a hive, one of their hives or something like that, they're going to be much more quick to attack you and there's going to be a lot more of them and they are incredibly aggressive.

585
00:34:57,240 --> 00:35:09,240
So because of that, they have been known to kill people, which is a shame, but Africanized honeybees, so they do produce honey. Good question.

586
00:35:09,240 --> 00:35:14,240
Very good, very good question. They're also very good for movies.

587
00:35:14,240 --> 00:35:23,240
Oh, absolutely. They make really great inspiration for movie antagonists, scary monsters, right?

588
00:35:23,240 --> 00:35:33,240
I think a lot of the movies put things into people's heads and make things worse than they are now.

589
00:35:33,240 --> 00:35:39,240
Spiders are a good example of that, where people are afraid of spiders.

590
00:35:39,240 --> 00:35:48,240
Young people are afraid of spiders in general, so they make them bigger, they make them area, they make them more aggressive, put them on the screen.

591
00:35:48,240 --> 00:35:56,240
And if you don't really know much about something and you're being shown this, that's what you believe.

592
00:35:56,240 --> 00:35:59,240
And that's what you're going to have.

593
00:35:59,240 --> 00:36:12,240
They're not as aggressive, obviously, they're much more aggressive than the other bees, but they're not going to chase you down like in the cities and then go on to the next person and murder you.

594
00:36:12,240 --> 00:36:18,240
This is the sort of mentality that Hollywood has produced rather than scientists.

595
00:36:18,240 --> 00:36:27,240
But again, humans bring in this problem around. It's always humans every time you look at something.

596
00:36:27,240 --> 00:36:29,240
It's always people, always.

597
00:36:29,240 --> 00:36:31,240
We did that.

598
00:36:31,240 --> 00:36:36,240
No, I absolutely agree. It's so true.

599
00:36:36,240 --> 00:36:44,240
And the Africanized honeybees are, they're honestly, yeah, they're more aggressive than regular bees.

600
00:36:44,240 --> 00:36:49,240
But if you're not going out of your way to like mess with them, you're kind of be fine.

601
00:36:49,240 --> 00:36:51,240
They're probably not going to come after you.

602
00:36:51,240 --> 00:37:01,240
So I appreciate that you mentioned that Hollywood and sometimes the media really likes to make things a lot scarier and more outlandish than they actually are.

603
00:37:01,240 --> 00:37:09,240
I think, unfortunately, like bees, spiders and snakes really get the worst of it, to be honest.

604
00:37:09,240 --> 00:37:12,240
I think spiders get the worst.

605
00:37:12,240 --> 00:37:17,240
And then you got bees that, well, I don't know for you because it might be snakes for you.

606
00:37:17,240 --> 00:37:18,240
For us, we don't add in.

607
00:37:18,240 --> 00:37:23,240
So it's like, wow, I didn't know that.

608
00:37:23,240 --> 00:37:31,240
So I just think here, there's particular dangerous, we have no tarantulas, nothing like that.

609
00:37:31,240 --> 00:37:34,240
The spiders about, I'm going to have to do this about an inch and a half, maybe an inch and a half.

610
00:37:34,240 --> 00:37:35,240
Sure.

611
00:37:35,240 --> 00:37:48,240
Every year, in September conveniently, the newspapers will come out with, oh, it's spider time and there are going to be massive giant spiders running across your floor.

612
00:37:48,240 --> 00:37:53,240
It's just the usual media rubbish where they're trying to terrify people.

613
00:37:53,240 --> 00:37:54,240
Right.

614
00:37:54,240 --> 00:37:55,240
Whatever.

615
00:37:55,240 --> 00:38:06,240
And it's the same with every country, whatever they've got the most of, that's what the media comes up and says, this is terrifying.

616
00:38:06,240 --> 00:38:07,240
Absolutely.

617
00:38:07,240 --> 00:38:10,240
It's just publicity stunt, isn't it, really?

618
00:38:10,240 --> 00:38:11,240
Yeah, definitely.

619
00:38:11,240 --> 00:38:20,240
I mean, I think it's really kind of an unfortunate side of kind of humanity and just how we kind of function, if you will.

620
00:38:20,240 --> 00:38:25,240
Because we, I mean, we know that fear is a really great motivator.

621
00:38:25,240 --> 00:38:36,240
So there's a lot of things in the media and sometimes here in the States, like we know this firsthand is, you know, you dredge up a bit of fear about one thing.

622
00:38:36,240 --> 00:38:48,240
Then that means that people are going to go out and, you know, be buying things to help prevent that one thing or they're going to be buying things to help, like, prepare for that one thing.

623
00:38:48,240 --> 00:38:59,240
You know, I think that that's just a part of the world and just kind of how we work together, if you will.

624
00:38:59,240 --> 00:39:01,240
But it's very unfortunate.

625
00:39:01,240 --> 00:39:02,240
I do agree.

626
00:39:02,240 --> 00:39:16,240
I feel like if people were maybe a little more educated on, you know, what the purpose of bees are wasps or even the Africanized honey bees, you know, then they probably wouldn't be quite as fearful.

627
00:39:16,240 --> 00:39:24,240
And we probably have a lot better environment happening, you know, a better ecosystem because then things would be a lot more copacetic.

628
00:39:24,240 --> 00:39:32,240
Hopefully people would be a lot more relaxed and not quite as fearful because, let's be honest, who wants to live in fear?

629
00:39:32,240 --> 00:39:34,240
It's not a fun time.

630
00:39:34,240 --> 00:39:35,240
Oh, really?

631
00:39:35,240 --> 00:39:36,240
I mean, it's not like that.

632
00:39:36,240 --> 00:39:39,240
Because of the fear factor, because it's only a bug.

633
00:39:39,240 --> 00:39:40,240
Yeah.

634
00:39:40,240 --> 00:39:46,240
You kill them and it's like, you know, you just killed somebody's lunch there.

635
00:39:46,240 --> 00:39:48,240
Right, exactly.

636
00:39:48,240 --> 00:39:54,240
But if you look at it like that, you said that every time you kill a bee, you're just killing somebody's lunch.

637
00:39:54,240 --> 00:39:56,240
Somebody's going on great because you kill a lot of bees.

638
00:39:56,240 --> 00:39:57,240
Right.

639
00:39:57,240 --> 00:40:04,240
Rather than, you know, catching it, releasing it outside of your house or wherever you found it, like, you know, that that was a wasp's lunch.

640
00:40:04,240 --> 00:40:09,240
Like they were going to take care of it for you rather than you doing it on your own.

641
00:40:09,240 --> 00:40:11,240
It just kind of sucks.

642
00:40:11,240 --> 00:40:13,240
So I definitely hear you.

643
00:40:13,240 --> 00:40:18,240
It's not like that. It falls down and something's going to eat them.

644
00:40:18,240 --> 00:40:21,240
So it's all not kind of that.

645
00:40:21,240 --> 00:40:24,240
Rather than you just flatten it on your window.

646
00:40:24,240 --> 00:40:25,240
Yeah, yeah.

647
00:40:25,240 --> 00:40:27,240
Just make sure it's on your window.

648
00:40:27,240 --> 00:40:29,240
Shoot it out.

649
00:40:29,240 --> 00:40:33,240
You know, it's part of the chain, essentially.

650
00:40:33,240 --> 00:40:36,240
Everything is eaten by something else.

651
00:40:36,240 --> 00:40:42,240
So there's, you know, there's big fish eat the little fish, but then there's a much bigger fish that's going to eat that other big fish.

652
00:40:42,240 --> 00:40:47,240
You know, so it's just kind of.

653
00:40:47,240 --> 00:40:50,240
I feel like it's just kind of weird and redundant.

654
00:40:50,240 --> 00:40:56,240
It's just a weird part of society that we play on our own fears and that way.

655
00:40:56,240 --> 00:41:10,240
And it's detrimental to a lot of bee species and, you know, other input species, especially like spiders, you know, of elder beetles boxed or the box elders, you know, it's.

656
00:41:10,240 --> 00:41:20,240
They have a purpose and even if that purpose is just being food for another invert, like it's important.

657
00:41:20,240 --> 00:41:26,240
Okay, so the last topic that I have is parasites and pets.

658
00:41:26,240 --> 00:41:34,240
So what kind of parasites and pest do bees also have to navigate?

659
00:41:34,240 --> 00:41:35,240
What is the word I'm looking for?

660
00:41:35,240 --> 00:41:36,240
Mitigate?

661
00:41:36,240 --> 00:41:37,240
No.

662
00:41:37,240 --> 00:41:40,240
Navigate would do is like, you know, navigate away from.

663
00:41:40,240 --> 00:41:42,240
Yeah.

664
00:41:42,240 --> 00:41:46,240
I know because I read wax worms.

665
00:41:46,240 --> 00:41:55,240
And when I got into this long time ago and researching because I was like, okay, wax worms.

666
00:41:55,240 --> 00:42:00,240
I know you're getting at the pet shop, but I didn't, you know, where did they come from in reality?

667
00:42:00,240 --> 00:42:02,240
Where did they live in nature?

668
00:42:02,240 --> 00:42:07,240
And that was very surprised that they actually live in bee hives.

669
00:42:07,240 --> 00:42:11,240
And the reason they call wax worms is because he eats bees wax.

670
00:42:11,240 --> 00:42:12,240
So that's amazing.

671
00:42:12,240 --> 00:42:14,240
Which is actually nightmare.

672
00:42:14,240 --> 00:42:20,240
It can actually collapse a complete hive, killing off the entire colony.

673
00:42:20,240 --> 00:42:21,240
Oh, wow.

674
00:42:21,240 --> 00:42:24,240
Tiny little moth larva can do that.

675
00:42:24,240 --> 00:42:26,240
I find that completely amazing.

676
00:42:26,240 --> 00:42:28,240
Sorry, I've got cramp in my head.

677
00:42:28,240 --> 00:42:30,240
Oh, no.

678
00:42:30,240 --> 00:42:33,240
It's turning the back of my thigh.

679
00:42:33,240 --> 00:42:34,240
Oh, no.

680
00:42:34,240 --> 00:42:36,240
I can imagine.

681
00:42:36,240 --> 00:42:37,240
Yeah.

682
00:42:37,240 --> 00:42:43,240
But yeah, it's, I think that's, well, I think it's a bit of a big back worm.

683
00:42:43,240 --> 00:42:49,240
Because everybody that buys wax worms, but very few people, I think meal worms are another one.

684
00:42:49,240 --> 00:42:56,240
And he's like, he really sits down when he buys these food for their animals and goes, I wonder where this comes from in nature.

685
00:42:56,240 --> 00:42:59,240
I wonder where it turns into.

686
00:42:59,240 --> 00:43:00,240
But there you go.

687
00:43:00,240 --> 00:43:04,240
Wax worms are a nightmare for beekeepers.

688
00:43:04,240 --> 00:43:09,240
So, and be like, wow, I have a friend who was a beekeeper.

689
00:43:09,240 --> 00:43:11,240
He said, goes for a writing club with her.

690
00:43:11,240 --> 00:43:16,240
And she, she wrote the book on bees surprise, surprise.

691
00:43:16,240 --> 00:43:21,240
And she keeps bees in the nearest city's cathedral.

692
00:43:21,240 --> 00:43:26,240
She keeps them in, in on the top on the roof of the old bell tower.

693
00:43:26,240 --> 00:43:27,240
Oh, wow.

694
00:43:27,240 --> 00:43:29,240
It's just, and it's right in the middle of the city.

695
00:43:29,240 --> 00:43:38,240
And it is like, the I've some on the top of this, on top of the bell tower, which I think is a fascinating weird thing anyway.

696
00:43:38,240 --> 00:43:41,240
But yeah, she's telling me about wax worms.

697
00:43:41,240 --> 00:43:53,240
I can, can, can completely ruin a colony just, just for a month getting in there and laying its eggs can be a disease.

698
00:43:53,240 --> 00:43:54,240
Wow.

699
00:43:54,240 --> 00:44:04,240
And then you've got the other parasites, which we've well know, because we've seen them on ants, we've seen them on wasps, which is the zombies.

700
00:44:04,240 --> 00:44:11,240
When you get the zombie fungi, it's a real act of the bee.

701
00:44:11,240 --> 00:44:15,240
If it gets coming in, so it's, it's, that's another one, that's another parasite.

702
00:44:15,240 --> 00:44:18,240
It's not parasite, I think it was it.

703
00:44:18,240 --> 00:44:19,240
Well, yeah.

704
00:44:19,240 --> 00:44:32,240
Yeah, because it's a zombie fungus, it uses the a bee body, basically to, to procreate and to create more of that zombie zombie fungus.

705
00:44:32,240 --> 00:44:34,240
So I definitely think it would be a parasite.

706
00:44:34,240 --> 00:44:35,240
Absolutely.

707
00:44:35,240 --> 00:44:36,240
Yeah, I know.

708
00:44:36,240 --> 00:44:40,240
But the science is any sciences or entomologists watching and say, no, that's not a parasite.

709
00:44:40,240 --> 00:44:45,240
That's a, you know, it's a fungus site.

710
00:44:45,240 --> 00:44:46,240
I don't know.

711
00:44:46,240 --> 00:44:52,240
It should be named for, it always got me weird name for everything out in the late hours.

712
00:44:52,240 --> 00:44:57,240
I'm pretty sure, I'm pretty sure it classifies as a parasite.

713
00:44:57,240 --> 00:44:58,240
Absolutely.

714
00:44:58,240 --> 00:45:02,240
Because it's, it's using another life form for its own life.

715
00:45:02,240 --> 00:45:03,240
Right.

716
00:45:03,240 --> 00:45:07,240
I mean, that's essentially the, the, what a parasite is.

717
00:45:07,240 --> 00:45:09,240
So it makes sense.

718
00:45:09,240 --> 00:45:14,240
I mean, they can also be affected by nematodes.

719
00:45:14,240 --> 00:45:17,240
And, you know, other things like that.

720
00:45:17,240 --> 00:45:25,240
So it describes you things to, to mother bees, you know, dreaded nematodes man.

721
00:45:25,240 --> 00:45:26,240
Yeah.

722
00:45:26,240 --> 00:45:32,240
No, they're all things, but sort of a beneficial.

723
00:45:32,240 --> 00:45:34,240
So there you go.

724
00:45:34,240 --> 00:45:41,240
But bees are not in the structural and you know, the, you see a bee and you think, oh, look at that.

725
00:45:41,240 --> 00:45:48,240
People, big, it might contain a hair worm, for instance, with another nasty thing that

726
00:45:48,240 --> 00:45:53,240
infects animals, makes them go into the water and drown themselves.

727
00:45:53,240 --> 00:46:00,240
Which is, you know, again, nobody knows how they're assuming there's some kind of neural

728
00:46:00,240 --> 00:46:06,240
interface that the parasite has with the bug's brain.

729
00:46:06,240 --> 00:46:13,240
Lattice get it also hair worms where you'll get to a certain size when you need to come

730
00:46:13,240 --> 00:46:18,240
out to get into the water and they'll send the bug into the water to drown itself and

731
00:46:18,240 --> 00:46:20,240
then we'll just come out when you take the water.

732
00:46:20,240 --> 00:46:21,240
So, wow.

733
00:46:21,240 --> 00:46:25,240
That's a yet another one that can affect bees.

734
00:46:25,240 --> 00:46:26,240
Absolutely.

735
00:46:26,240 --> 00:46:33,240
As a, as a, as a, as a, as a, as a, as a, as a, as a, as a parasite, the oil beavel.

736
00:46:33,240 --> 00:46:34,240
Oh, yep.

737
00:46:34,240 --> 00:46:36,240
People, absolutely.

738
00:46:36,240 --> 00:46:38,240
Oil beavel.

739
00:46:38,240 --> 00:46:39,240
Oil beavel.

740
00:46:39,240 --> 00:46:41,240
Oh, the oil beetle.

741
00:46:41,240 --> 00:46:42,240
Okay.

742
00:46:42,240 --> 00:46:48,240
That actually can climb up to the top of the plant and sit on the flowers to allow the

743
00:46:48,240 --> 00:46:55,240
loads of them to sit on the flowers, wait for a bee to arrive like taxi, crawl on the bee

744
00:46:55,240 --> 00:46:57,240
and then fly off to another flower.

745
00:46:57,240 --> 00:47:02,240
And that's basically how they get around, which is, which is quite, you know, if you think

746
00:47:02,240 --> 00:47:10,240
about how that could have evolved, this is crazy ideas that this beetle lab has gone.

747
00:47:10,240 --> 00:47:14,240
Anyway, we'll go up to the top of the plant, wait on the flowers, jump on the next green

748
00:47:14,240 --> 00:47:16,240
and then we'll move on to the next place.

749
00:47:16,240 --> 00:47:18,240
We'll get a lift off the bee basically.

750
00:47:18,240 --> 00:47:21,240
I think that's, that's quite, quite amusing.

751
00:47:21,240 --> 00:47:23,240
But she said that's fascinating.

752
00:47:23,240 --> 00:47:24,240
Fascinating.

753
00:47:24,240 --> 00:47:25,240
Fascinating.

754
00:47:25,240 --> 00:47:29,240
I'm from Greece all of a sudden, right?

755
00:47:29,240 --> 00:47:34,240
But yeah, one of the most fascinating ones is, is one you mentioned, and you'll know more

756
00:47:34,240 --> 00:47:37,240
about it than I do because you have them and we don't.

757
00:47:37,240 --> 00:47:40,240
It's just a, a tarantula wasp.

758
00:47:40,240 --> 00:47:42,240
Oh, right.

759
00:47:42,240 --> 00:47:46,240
The opposite of par, it's a parasite basically, isn't it really?

760
00:47:46,240 --> 00:47:51,240
It's, it's, well, yeah, again, there's a word for that.

761
00:47:51,240 --> 00:47:56,240
But parasite, I think we'll do because it's, it's praying on another creature, but in a

762
00:47:56,240 --> 00:47:57,240
weird way.

763
00:47:57,240 --> 00:48:04,240
I mean, great, it just stings it, paralyzing keeps the spider alive for months.

764
00:48:04,240 --> 00:48:05,240
Yep.

765
00:48:05,240 --> 00:48:09,240
While the larva eats the inside of the spider.

766
00:48:09,240 --> 00:48:10,240
Absolutely.

767
00:48:10,240 --> 00:48:11,240
Yeah.

768
00:48:11,240 --> 00:48:13,240
It's, it's disgusting.

769
00:48:13,240 --> 00:48:14,240
It's gross.

770
00:48:14,240 --> 00:48:15,240
Absolutely.

771
00:48:15,240 --> 00:48:23,240
The fact that it's stoned it and paralyzed it, the lady said to it, but to keep it alive

772
00:48:23,240 --> 00:48:25,240
so it's fresh.

773
00:48:25,240 --> 00:48:28,240
Well, it's, yeah, that's next level.

774
00:48:28,240 --> 00:48:30,240
That's the next level.

775
00:48:30,240 --> 00:48:33,240
I don't think it's, it's, it's, it's out, but it eats it alive.

776
00:48:33,240 --> 00:48:34,240
Yeah.

777
00:48:34,240 --> 00:48:36,240
But it takes them about five minutes.

778
00:48:36,240 --> 00:48:37,240
Right.

779
00:48:37,240 --> 00:48:39,240
Not like a few months.

780
00:48:39,240 --> 00:48:45,240
Plus the life from inside out, but it's tiny, tiny little worms, which is basically

781
00:48:45,240 --> 00:48:47,240
our worms that are larvae.

782
00:48:47,240 --> 00:48:48,240
Yeah.

783
00:48:48,240 --> 00:48:49,240
Yeah.

784
00:48:49,240 --> 00:48:51,240
It's slowly, but it's alive and it must be.

785
00:48:51,240 --> 00:48:55,240
And the inside out too, like that's, that's gotta be excruciating.

786
00:48:55,240 --> 00:48:56,240
Right.

787
00:48:56,240 --> 00:48:57,240
I mean,

788
00:48:57,240 --> 00:48:58,240
horrible.

789
00:48:58,240 --> 00:49:11,240
The thing about books with the pain because I read conflicting papers on pain in inverts

790
00:49:11,240 --> 00:49:12,240
groups.

791
00:49:12,240 --> 00:49:20,240
I believe they both come up with a decent amount of proof on both sides that there is pain.

792
00:49:20,240 --> 00:49:29,240
And what they're saying is some, some books actually, all books don't register pain.

793
00:49:29,240 --> 00:49:31,240
They register damage.

794
00:49:31,240 --> 00:49:36,240
Oh, that's the reason why things like crickets and whatnot, when you pick up what your tweezers

795
00:49:36,240 --> 00:49:39,240
do, just say, just lose a leg and run off.

796
00:49:39,240 --> 00:49:40,240
They don't care.

797
00:49:40,240 --> 00:49:42,240
Don't bleed to death.

798
00:49:42,240 --> 00:49:46,240
They, they prepare to accept that damage.

799
00:49:46,240 --> 00:49:51,240
I wear some vanses, the vanses most badly, let's say a leg.

800
00:49:51,240 --> 00:49:52,240
Quite aptly.

801
00:49:52,240 --> 00:49:54,240
It'll chew its own leg off if it's in the way.

802
00:49:54,240 --> 00:49:58,240
You know, if it's dragging this on me, it'll chew its own leg off and carry on.

803
00:49:58,240 --> 00:49:59,240
That's amazing.

804
00:49:59,240 --> 00:50:08,240
Pain versus damage registration.

805
00:50:08,240 --> 00:50:11,240
So instead of, so instead of pain, it's the damage.

806
00:50:11,240 --> 00:50:12,240
Yeah.

807
00:50:12,240 --> 00:50:15,240
So it's brains going, okay.

808
00:50:15,240 --> 00:50:18,240
That, that, that legs got something wrong with it.

809
00:50:18,240 --> 00:50:26,240
I don't need that leg or body is, I don't know how that affects like, if you have a,

810
00:50:26,240 --> 00:50:31,240
if you ever seen, well, you've seen it, when you look up, the spider and the spider bites

811
00:50:31,240 --> 00:50:37,240
it, yeah, doesn't act like it's in terrible pain.

812
00:50:37,240 --> 00:50:41,240
It just looks like it wants to get away because it's been grabbed over like as if you picked

813
00:50:41,240 --> 00:50:45,240
up, it doesn't seem to be an excuse to pain.

814
00:50:45,240 --> 00:50:47,240
It's not flailing or anything.

815
00:50:47,240 --> 00:50:50,240
No, I can imagine like that.

816
00:50:50,240 --> 00:50:57,240
That's why we, I think that's why we associate those kind of reactions from, from say, you

817
00:50:57,240 --> 00:51:00,240
know, the trench light bite with the cockroach.

818
00:51:00,240 --> 00:51:05,240
That's probably why we associate that with a pain response is because you're absolutely

819
00:51:05,240 --> 00:51:06,240
right.

820
00:51:06,240 --> 00:51:10,240
They kind of look like they're just trying to get away, moving their legs around.

821
00:51:10,240 --> 00:51:14,240
You know, in an, in an effort to run away.

822
00:51:14,240 --> 00:51:19,240
So that makes a lot more sense that they are just registering, oh, I'm damaged.

823
00:51:19,240 --> 00:51:20,240
Whatever damaged me.

824
00:51:20,240 --> 00:51:23,240
I've got to get away from the damage, right?

825
00:51:23,240 --> 00:51:24,240
That's fascinating.

826
00:51:24,240 --> 00:51:31,240
That's sort of, if that's the case, then the tarantula wasp when it's eggs in there.

827
00:51:31,240 --> 00:51:34,240
Now it becomes a different sort of scenario.

828
00:51:34,240 --> 00:51:40,240
It's that as bad as what we can imagine if somebody laid eggs in, or they was eating

829
00:51:40,240 --> 00:51:43,240
us from the inside bit by bit, you know, right?

830
00:51:43,240 --> 00:51:45,240
Is it as bad?

831
00:51:45,240 --> 00:51:50,240
I wonder if it's the same kind of neuro receptors, you know what I mean?

832
00:51:50,240 --> 00:51:56,240
Like, because when we are in pain, then that's essentially what it is is also damaged for

833
00:51:56,240 --> 00:51:57,240
sure.

834
00:51:57,240 --> 00:52:01,240
Because then our body will go and heal whatever it is that's causing us pain.

835
00:52:01,240 --> 00:52:08,240
But at the same time, the nerves and the neurons are sending that message to our brain saying,

836
00:52:08,240 --> 00:52:11,240
okay, this is pain, this is pain, there's something wrong.

837
00:52:11,240 --> 00:52:16,240
I'm wondering if it's almost, if they're similar in that, in that way.

838
00:52:16,240 --> 00:52:17,240
That's really fascinating.

839
00:52:17,240 --> 00:52:18,240
I don't know.

840
00:52:18,240 --> 00:52:26,240
The one of the papers said to get the message that something's wrong in an area and didn't

841
00:52:26,240 --> 00:52:34,240
know what the area is, whereas we need pain in that area for us to know where it is.

842
00:52:34,240 --> 00:52:36,240
Does that make sense?

843
00:52:36,240 --> 00:52:37,240
No, it does.

844
00:52:37,240 --> 00:52:38,240
Total sense.

845
00:52:38,240 --> 00:52:39,240
Like a broken finger.

846
00:52:39,240 --> 00:52:47,240
Their brain, a lot of them don't even have, a lot of things don't actually have brains

847
00:52:47,240 --> 00:52:50,240
as really calm brains.

848
00:52:50,240 --> 00:52:52,240
The other neuroganglia.

849
00:52:52,240 --> 00:52:59,240
Like when sales have a neural ganglia, they don't actually have a brain, what we would

850
00:52:59,240 --> 00:53:00,740
see as a brain.

851
00:53:00,740 --> 00:53:07,240
So it makes sense that less information would get there and need to be processed, whereas

852
00:53:07,240 --> 00:53:12,240
ours is very complicated with that nervous system.

853
00:53:12,240 --> 00:53:13,240
Total system.

854
00:53:13,240 --> 00:53:18,240
You know, we have different kinds of pain as well.

855
00:53:18,240 --> 00:53:19,240
Yeah.

856
00:53:19,240 --> 00:53:26,240
We know when we've been burnt, we know we've been pricked, we know we're trapped or bang.

857
00:53:26,240 --> 00:53:34,240
We know the difference between the pains, whereas the insects, are they noticing the

858
00:53:34,240 --> 00:53:39,240
difference, or are they just noticing that leg has got damage?

859
00:53:39,240 --> 00:53:40,240
Right.

860
00:53:40,240 --> 00:53:46,240
So it comes out of life feed and all sorts of things.

861
00:53:46,240 --> 00:53:49,240
Is it both or is it both, it's been life fed?

862
00:53:49,240 --> 00:53:52,240
Does it just keep going?

863
00:53:52,240 --> 00:53:54,240
Oh, that leg's got damage.

864
00:53:54,240 --> 00:53:56,240
Oh, the other leg's got damage.

865
00:53:56,240 --> 00:53:59,240
That's very fascinating.

866
00:53:59,240 --> 00:54:03,240
Or is it really screaming in agony silently?

867
00:54:03,240 --> 00:54:04,240
Right.

868
00:54:04,240 --> 00:54:05,240
Right.

869
00:54:05,240 --> 00:54:10,240
I don't know how we would ever be able to discern that.

870
00:54:10,240 --> 00:54:15,240
I would assume there needs to be a lot of research into it if it's something that was

871
00:54:15,240 --> 00:54:16,240
interesting.

872
00:54:16,240 --> 00:54:17,240
Tiny little droves.

873
00:54:17,240 --> 00:54:18,240
Yeah, right?

874
00:54:18,240 --> 00:54:19,240
Tiny little droves.

875
00:54:19,240 --> 00:54:20,240
Tiny little droves.

876
00:54:20,240 --> 00:54:29,240
I think it's kind of digressed there for bees.

877
00:54:29,240 --> 00:54:31,240
A little bit, but that's okay.

878
00:54:31,240 --> 00:54:36,240
That's okay because bees can inflict a lot of damage and pain.

879
00:54:36,240 --> 00:54:37,240
So it works.

880
00:54:37,240 --> 00:54:39,240
It's a good point actually.

881
00:54:39,240 --> 00:54:47,240
I wonder when a bee stings, let's say a wasp for instance is attacking it, it stings it.

882
00:54:47,240 --> 00:54:52,240
A wasp feels anything.

883
00:54:52,240 --> 00:54:58,240
Well, you know, that's a really great question because they do, like when they sting, they

884
00:54:58,240 --> 00:55:01,240
do have a venom that comes with their stinger.

885
00:55:01,240 --> 00:55:03,240
So I'm, yeah, I agree.

886
00:55:03,240 --> 00:55:09,240
I wonder if, you know, a wasp that's been stung by, you know, a yellow jacket or something,

887
00:55:09,240 --> 00:55:15,240
if it's a painful, it could be a painful experience, maybe something similar to what we experience.

888
00:55:15,240 --> 00:55:22,240
I don't think so, but I wonder if it's more like neurotoxin to where maybe it kind of paralyzes

889
00:55:22,240 --> 00:55:27,800
them or just kind of shuts down their, you know, their central nervous system or something

890
00:55:27,800 --> 00:55:28,800
like that.

891
00:55:28,800 --> 00:55:32,240
So that's, that's a really good question, Simon.

892
00:55:32,240 --> 00:55:39,240
With the pain thing, I could probably go on our day and come up with examples to get off

893
00:55:39,240 --> 00:55:45,240
that project quickly because I've got loads of them in my head now whizzing round, which

894
00:55:45,240 --> 00:55:48,240
are just, you know, not, you're completely off topic.

895
00:55:48,240 --> 00:55:50,240
So yeah, stick to bees.

896
00:55:50,240 --> 00:55:53,240
No, you're doing, you're awesome.

897
00:55:53,240 --> 00:55:55,240
I appreciate everything today.

898
00:55:55,240 --> 00:56:01,240
You've done a fantastic job with information about bees and pain receptors.

899
00:56:01,240 --> 00:56:02,240
It's, it's awesome.

900
00:56:02,240 --> 00:56:03,240
Very, very cool.

901
00:56:03,240 --> 00:56:07,240
We're actually rounding out to the end of our podcast.

902
00:56:07,240 --> 00:56:11,240
So Simon, do you have anything that you would like to plug for this week?

903
00:56:11,240 --> 00:56:13,240
What you got going on?

904
00:56:13,240 --> 00:56:15,240
The shameless plug.

905
00:56:15,240 --> 00:56:18,240
Nothing the same as usual.

906
00:56:18,240 --> 00:56:21,240
Go to my channel, give us a subscribe, give you videos.

907
00:56:21,240 --> 00:56:23,240
Yeah, like it if you want.

908
00:56:23,240 --> 00:56:27,240
I'm not really, yeah, just do that.

909
00:56:27,240 --> 00:56:28,240
All right.

910
00:56:28,240 --> 00:56:34,240
Yeah, you said you've been breeding a lot of mantises this week, right?

911
00:56:34,240 --> 00:56:36,240
Because the heat wave that you guys had.

912
00:56:36,240 --> 00:56:39,240
So a lot of them are ready for that.

913
00:56:39,240 --> 00:56:43,240
Yeah, I got a lot of them knocking around, but waiting to be bred.

914
00:56:43,240 --> 00:56:44,240
Yeah.

915
00:56:44,240 --> 00:56:49,240
It goes to be doing a stream one day this week, hopefully with Shady again.

916
00:56:49,240 --> 00:56:50,240
Yeah.

917
00:56:50,240 --> 00:56:53,240
We did go last week, but hopefully we'll do one again this week.

918
00:56:53,240 --> 00:56:55,240
Oh, I hope so too.

919
00:56:55,240 --> 00:57:01,240
I'm going to attempt to pair a mantis because she just bought some mantis.

920
00:57:01,240 --> 00:57:03,240
Oh, awesome.

921
00:57:03,240 --> 00:57:06,240
And I have the same mantis that are ready to pair.

922
00:57:06,240 --> 00:57:12,240
So I was hoping we could pair it on the stream and she could watch me pair them.

923
00:57:12,240 --> 00:57:18,240
And when she comes to do hers, it'll be to have something there.

924
00:57:18,240 --> 00:57:19,240
Yeah.

925
00:57:19,240 --> 00:57:21,240
But we tried last week and was unsuccessful.

926
00:57:21,240 --> 00:57:24,240
So we'll have to wait until this week to see if we'll try again.

927
00:57:24,240 --> 00:57:32,240
Did you happen to find the spiny flower mantis female?

928
00:57:32,240 --> 00:57:33,240
I did.

929
00:57:33,240 --> 00:57:36,240
I found several of them.

930
00:57:36,240 --> 00:57:37,240
Yes.

931
00:57:37,240 --> 00:57:38,240
Yes.

932
00:57:38,240 --> 00:57:43,240
So I know three females there and one male who's very traumatized.

933
00:57:43,240 --> 00:57:47,240
It's got PTSD on the thread at the moment.

934
00:57:47,240 --> 00:57:48,240
Oh, no.

935
00:57:48,240 --> 00:57:54,240
We've got to give him a few days and try him again because they're very, very aggressive.

936
00:57:54,240 --> 00:57:56,240
Oh, I can imagine.

937
00:57:56,240 --> 00:57:57,240
Yes.

938
00:57:57,240 --> 00:58:00,240
It's one of the most aggressive mantis.

939
00:58:00,240 --> 00:58:01,240
Wow.

940
00:58:01,240 --> 00:58:02,240
Yeah.

941
00:58:02,240 --> 00:58:08,240
As soon as the male gets home, nine times out of 10, she's trying to kill him.

942
00:58:08,240 --> 00:58:13,240
So yeah, stick your finger in there and intervene.

943
00:58:13,240 --> 00:58:15,240
Otherwise he'd be lunched.

944
00:58:15,240 --> 00:58:18,240
So yeah, he's got trouble at the moment.

945
00:58:18,240 --> 00:58:20,240
He's at three of them and he's eating.

946
00:58:20,240 --> 00:58:22,240
So we're going to break.

947
00:58:22,240 --> 00:58:24,240
Now we'll try him again.

948
00:58:24,240 --> 00:58:26,240
Oh, poor guy.

949
00:58:26,240 --> 00:58:28,240
I'm sure he'll be fine.

950
00:58:28,240 --> 00:58:30,240
Let's see.

951
00:58:30,240 --> 00:58:32,240
What I've got going on.

952
00:58:32,240 --> 00:58:39,240
I've got baby Phytopis audex that I'm trying to find people who want them here, obviously.

953
00:58:39,240 --> 00:58:43,240
In Denver, I can't really ship because I'm just, I'm low level.

954
00:58:43,240 --> 00:58:45,240
I'm not even a breeder really.

955
00:58:45,240 --> 00:58:51,240
But yeah, I've got a whole bunch of little baby spools that are absolutely ready for new homes.

956
00:58:51,240 --> 00:59:00,240
And this week I will, I just released my Hall of Outstanding Longa Peas, Rehouse and Species Spotlight video yesterday.

957
00:59:00,240 --> 00:59:10,240
And then this upcoming week, I had a couple of little slings that are now, well, they're still pretty slingish, if you will.

958
00:59:10,240 --> 00:59:16,240
But a couple of Old World Cool Little Baboon Tarantula Species that I've rehoused.

959
00:59:16,240 --> 00:59:21,240
So be looking forward to that video and it'll be a lot of fun.

960
00:59:21,240 --> 00:59:24,240
And Tiny Plastic Babies.

961
00:59:24,240 --> 00:59:27,240
That's like a thing for me now.

962
00:59:27,240 --> 00:59:30,240
I've put these in every little enclosure that I've got.

963
00:59:30,240 --> 00:59:33,240
So look out for the Tiny Plastic Babies.

964
00:59:33,240 --> 00:59:36,240
And yeah, that's it.

965
00:59:36,240 --> 00:59:38,240
Yeah, so it was good.

966
00:59:38,240 --> 00:59:40,240
It's been a good week.

967
00:59:40,240 --> 00:59:46,240
Simon, as always, it's a pleasure to talk with you and doing our, our invert chat.

968
00:59:46,240 --> 00:59:51,240
And I really enjoyed talking about these and thank you so much for being here.

969
00:59:51,240 --> 00:59:53,240
And yeah.

970
00:59:53,240 --> 00:59:54,240
Anytime.

971
00:59:54,240 --> 00:59:55,240
All right.

972
00:59:55,240 --> 00:59:57,240
Thank you guys so much for watching.

973
00:59:57,240 --> 00:59:59,240
We are going to sign off.

974
00:59:59,240 --> 01:00:06,240
As always, you can find us on YouTube and obviously Facebook and other cool places.

975
01:00:06,240 --> 01:00:09,240
So yeah, bye guys.

976
01:00:09,240 --> 01:00:38,240
See you later.

977
01:00:39,240 --> 01:00:41,240
Bye.