WEBVTT 00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:02.879 After his most famous speech, Martin Luther King 00:00:02.879 --> 00:00:06.000 Jr. faced some of the most difficult months of 00:00:06.000 --> 00:00:10.199 his life. But he did not stop. He continued his 00:00:10.199 --> 00:00:13.160 activism, and it was during this time period 00:00:13.160 --> 00:00:16.579 that he accomplished some of his most important 00:00:16.579 --> 00:00:19.800 work. Welcome back to the Learn English Podcast, 00:00:20.160 --> 00:00:22.379 the podcast teaching English in context so you 00:00:22.379 --> 00:00:25.710 can learn naturally. On today's episode, I want 00:00:25.710 --> 00:00:28.949 to talk about Martin Luther King Jr. That is 00:00:28.949 --> 00:00:31.850 because today in the United States, it is Martin 00:00:31.850 --> 00:00:35.509 Luther King Jr. Day, a federal holiday that we 00:00:35.509 --> 00:00:39.429 have here to remember this important historical 00:00:39.429 --> 00:00:43.409 figure. We've done two previous episodes on Martin 00:00:43.409 --> 00:00:45.950 Luther King. The first one talked about his early 00:00:45.950 --> 00:00:49.149 years, and the second one talked about his march 00:00:49.149 --> 00:00:52.770 on Washington and his I Have a Dream speech. 00:00:53.579 --> 00:00:56.679 Today, we're going to continue his story and 00:00:56.679 --> 00:00:59.500 discuss what he was able to do in the months 00:00:59.500 --> 00:01:04.060 after his I Have a Dream speech. And as always, 00:01:04.200 --> 00:01:08.379 we are going to give you useful English vocabulary 00:01:08.379 --> 00:01:12.420 so you can understand the story better. If you're 00:01:12.420 --> 00:01:15.040 ready to learn more about Martin Luther King 00:01:15.040 --> 00:01:17.519 Jr. and practice your listening comprehension, 00:01:17.900 --> 00:01:20.439 then follow along because we're about to begin. 00:01:26.480 --> 00:01:29.420 Now let's talk about Martin Luther King. A quick 00:01:29.420 --> 00:01:31.920 reminder, he has a number of different names. 00:01:31.959 --> 00:01:36.000 If you hear me say MLK or Dr. King or Martin 00:01:36.000 --> 00:01:38.859 Luther King, that is referring to the same person, 00:01:38.900 --> 00:01:42.840 the civil rights activist who did a lot of work 00:01:42.840 --> 00:01:45.540 here in the United States in the 1950s and the 00:01:45.540 --> 00:01:49.260 1960s. When we ended the last episode, it was 00:01:49.260 --> 00:01:52.680 August of 1963 and Martin Luther King had just 00:01:52.680 --> 00:01:56.870 finished his speech in Washington, D .C. Millions 00:01:56.870 --> 00:01:59.769 of Americans had watched that speech and were 00:01:59.769 --> 00:02:03.469 really inspired by it. They were very excited 00:02:03.469 --> 00:02:07.950 and motivated for change. However, a lot of people 00:02:07.950 --> 00:02:11.110 weren't happy about it. Of course, there were 00:02:11.110 --> 00:02:13.610 people in the United States who were opposed 00:02:13.610 --> 00:02:18.389 to MLK's message. They did not want the change 00:02:18.389 --> 00:02:22.150 that he was trying to achieve in the United States. 00:02:22.430 --> 00:02:25.210 And then there was also the federal government. 00:02:25.960 --> 00:02:30.000 One of the agencies in the US government is called 00:02:30.000 --> 00:02:33.159 the Federal Bureau of Investigations. Usually 00:02:33.159 --> 00:02:37.120 you hear this abbreviated FBI. This is the intelligence 00:02:37.120 --> 00:02:41.300 part of the US government. They monitor for threats 00:02:41.300 --> 00:02:44.740 inside the United States. During this time period, 00:02:44.919 --> 00:02:48.780 the FBI was led by a man called J. Edgar Hoover. 00:02:49.139 --> 00:02:53.569 J. Edgar Hoover is controversial because while 00:02:53.569 --> 00:02:57.370 he was in charge of the FBI, he used his power 00:02:57.370 --> 00:03:01.909 to illegally spy on American citizens. Spy on 00:03:01.909 --> 00:03:05.530 them means to watch them, to get information 00:03:05.530 --> 00:03:08.870 about them without them knowing it. J. Edgar 00:03:08.870 --> 00:03:12.370 Hoover would identify people who he thought were 00:03:12.370 --> 00:03:16.310 threats or who had different political ideologies 00:03:16.310 --> 00:03:20.120 than he did, and he would spy on them. And then 00:03:20.120 --> 00:03:23.439 he would save all of this information into files 00:03:23.439 --> 00:03:27.000 on the person. He would later use those files 00:03:27.000 --> 00:03:32.240 to publicly embarrass or shame or harass the 00:03:32.240 --> 00:03:35.979 people that he was spying on. J. Edgar Hoover 00:03:35.979 --> 00:03:38.919 thought that Martin Luther King was a threat. 00:03:39.120 --> 00:03:42.900 And he ordered the FBI to start listening to 00:03:42.900 --> 00:03:45.919 Martin Luther King's phone calls, his office, 00:03:46.219 --> 00:03:49.860 and his hotel rooms. The goal was to get information 00:03:49.860 --> 00:03:53.099 that could weaken Martin Luther King and also 00:03:53.099 --> 00:03:56.919 destroy his movement. And according to the FBI 00:03:56.919 --> 00:03:59.840 files from this time period, Dr. King actually 00:03:59.840 --> 00:04:03.400 had a lot of threats against him. Like I said, 00:04:03.419 --> 00:04:05.259 there were people in the U .S. who were very 00:04:05.259 --> 00:04:08.259 opposed to the work that he was doing. They did 00:04:08.259 --> 00:04:12.159 not want to have civil rights for all American 00:04:12.159 --> 00:04:15.539 citizens. And because they did not like what 00:04:15.539 --> 00:04:19.069 he was doing, They would call in threats to police 00:04:19.069 --> 00:04:22.430 departments or to newspapers. They would threaten 00:04:22.430 --> 00:04:26.610 to hurt Dr. King or his family or somehow interrupt 00:04:26.610 --> 00:04:30.870 his work and his activism. Many of these threats, 00:04:30.970 --> 00:04:34.730 though, were most likely not very serious. Most 00:04:34.730 --> 00:04:37.269 of them were just done by people who wanted to 00:04:37.269 --> 00:04:40.850 threaten Martin Luther King, who wanted to disrupt 00:04:40.850 --> 00:04:44.149 or stop his activism, but they didn't actually 00:04:44.149 --> 00:04:47.000 have a plan to harm him. However, this really 00:04:47.000 --> 00:04:51.100 does show how much of a threat he was viewed 00:04:51.100 --> 00:04:53.879 as by some people in the United States and how 00:04:53.879 --> 00:04:57.399 people were angry enough to want to threaten 00:04:57.399 --> 00:05:00.560 to hurt him. There is a movie called Selma that 00:05:00.560 --> 00:05:05.300 came out in 2014. In that movie, it does show 00:05:05.300 --> 00:05:10.100 the FBI and the illegal spying and the threats 00:05:10.100 --> 00:05:13.439 that he's receiving. even with the stress of 00:05:13.439 --> 00:05:17.500 being watched and having his life threatened 00:05:17.500 --> 00:05:21.259 dr king continued with his work one of the primary 00:05:21.259 --> 00:05:24.899 goals was to end segregation i've mentioned segregation 00:05:24.899 --> 00:05:28.120 in previous episodes but it was a practice where 00:05:28.120 --> 00:05:31.540 in some states the american citizens were separated 00:05:31.540 --> 00:05:34.439 based on race And although Martin Luther King 00:05:34.439 --> 00:05:37.000 had been speaking out about ending segregation, 00:05:37.439 --> 00:05:40.459 he knew that he needed more than speeches. He 00:05:40.459 --> 00:05:43.379 knew to end this practice, there would have to 00:05:43.379 --> 00:05:47.379 be legislation. Legislation means laws. And Dr. 00:05:47.540 --> 00:05:50.040 King knew that the laws of the United States 00:05:50.040 --> 00:05:53.680 had to change in order to end segregation. In 00:05:53.680 --> 00:05:57.519 October of 1963, Dr. King traveled to Birmingham, 00:05:57.720 --> 00:06:02.120 Alabama. I've mentioned Alabama before in previous 00:06:02.120 --> 00:06:04.980 MLK episodes and that was because Alabama had 00:06:04.980 --> 00:06:08.600 very strict segregation laws. Birmingham in particular 00:06:08.600 --> 00:06:12.620 was one of the most violent cities for African 00:06:12.620 --> 00:06:15.519 Americans. The reason that he went to Birmingham 00:06:15.519 --> 00:06:18.879 was because there was a church in Birmingham 00:06:18.879 --> 00:06:23.139 called the 16th Street Baptist Church. And this 00:06:23.139 --> 00:06:27.019 church was bombed by white supremacists, people 00:06:27.019 --> 00:06:30.300 who were members of the Ku Klux Klan. That is 00:06:30.300 --> 00:06:33.279 a terrorist white supremacist organization in 00:06:33.279 --> 00:06:37.180 the U .S. And when these people bombed that church, 00:06:37.339 --> 00:06:40.120 they did it on a Sunday when people were inside. 00:06:40.730 --> 00:06:44.529 As a result, four girls actually died because 00:06:44.529 --> 00:06:47.689 of the bombing. Newspapers showed photographs 00:06:47.689 --> 00:06:52.209 of the destroyed church. Americans saw the faces 00:06:52.209 --> 00:06:56.250 of these four girls. That became a turning point, 00:06:56.470 --> 00:07:00.709 a point where it was very hard to ignore what 00:07:00.709 --> 00:07:03.560 was happening. Like I said, these very strict 00:07:03.560 --> 00:07:06.379 segregation laws only existed in certain areas, 00:07:06.500 --> 00:07:08.839 particularly in the southern part of the United 00:07:08.839 --> 00:07:12.759 States. So some Americans just didn't realize 00:07:12.759 --> 00:07:16.639 how bad it was in certain areas, or maybe they 00:07:16.639 --> 00:07:19.740 chose to ignore how bad it was. But this bombing 00:07:19.740 --> 00:07:23.069 really brought national attention. Dr. King went 00:07:23.069 --> 00:07:26.529 to Birmingham to attend the funeral for these 00:07:26.529 --> 00:07:30.550 girls and he actually gave the eulogy. A eulogy 00:07:30.550 --> 00:07:34.569 is a speech that someone gives to remember and 00:07:34.569 --> 00:07:38.069 to honor the person who has died. In that speech, 00:07:38.149 --> 00:07:41.930 he said that they did not die in vain. That means 00:07:41.930 --> 00:07:45.149 that their death had purpose. He used this moment 00:07:45.149 --> 00:07:48.610 to remind the country that violence would continue 00:07:48.610 --> 00:07:52.220 unless the government took action. He really 00:07:52.220 --> 00:07:55.660 wanted justice for these four girls. And sadly, 00:07:55.779 --> 00:07:58.680 it actually took decades for that to happen. 00:07:59.079 --> 00:08:02.160 Some of the people involved were arrested in 00:08:02.160 --> 00:08:07.540 1977, 14 years after this attack, but some other 00:08:07.540 --> 00:08:11.779 ones were not even arrested until 2002. Even 00:08:11.779 --> 00:08:14.480 though justice did not come immediately after 00:08:14.480 --> 00:08:17.899 this attack, Dr. King continued his work to push 00:08:17.899 --> 00:08:22.720 for legislation, and he found an ally in then 00:08:22.720 --> 00:08:26.800 -president John F. Kennedy. John F. Kennedy was 00:08:26.800 --> 00:08:29.040 one of the youngest presidents that we've had 00:08:29.040 --> 00:08:31.639 in U .S. history. And he was known for being 00:08:31.639 --> 00:08:35.460 a very liberal, very progressive president. He 00:08:35.460 --> 00:08:38.379 was also the first Catholic president who was 00:08:38.379 --> 00:08:42.700 ever elected. And he wanted to be the president 00:08:42.700 --> 00:08:46.899 who helped reform segregation, to end segregation. 00:08:47.159 --> 00:08:50.179 He began to support the Civil Rights Bill. This 00:08:50.179 --> 00:08:53.320 would be a major piece of legislation that would 00:08:53.320 --> 00:08:57.000 end discrimination in public places and in education. 00:08:57.500 --> 00:09:01.000 Sadly, another tragedy soon occurred. On November 00:09:01.000 --> 00:09:05.559 23rd, 1963, John F. Kennedy was assassinated 00:09:05.559 --> 00:09:08.419 in Dallas, Texas. The word assassination describes 00:09:08.419 --> 00:09:12.179 the killing of a political figure, and his death 00:09:12.179 --> 00:09:16.019 shocked the country. I did an episode a few years 00:09:16.019 --> 00:09:19.419 ago, I think, about my trip to Dallas, Texas. 00:09:19.500 --> 00:09:22.419 You can go to Dallas, Texas and actually see 00:09:22.419 --> 00:09:25.850 where this assassination took place. Sadly, JFK's 00:09:25.850 --> 00:09:28.769 assassination was another reminder of the level 00:09:28.769 --> 00:09:30.750 of violence that was occurring in the country. 00:09:30.950 --> 00:09:33.929 If the president of the United States could be 00:09:33.929 --> 00:09:36.629 assassinated, that showed that really anybody 00:09:36.629 --> 00:09:40.289 could be. And it showed how dangerous this work 00:09:40.289 --> 00:09:43.220 was to work in civil rights. After Kennedy's 00:09:43.220 --> 00:09:45.860 death, members of the civil rights movement were 00:09:45.860 --> 00:09:48.899 afraid that the civil rights bill was not going 00:09:48.899 --> 00:09:52.100 to happen. Because JFK had been the president 00:09:52.100 --> 00:09:56.000 who had wanted to pass this bill, people were 00:09:56.000 --> 00:09:59.279 worried that because he was no longer alive, 00:09:59.580 --> 00:10:03.419 this bill would die as well. His vice president 00:10:03.419 --> 00:10:06.480 though was the person who took over. His name 00:10:06.480 --> 00:10:08.799 was Lyndon B. Johnson, and he was from Texas. 00:10:09.080 --> 00:10:13.000 He ended up shocking people because he actually 00:10:13.000 --> 00:10:16.940 continued JFK's work on the civil rights bill. 00:10:17.080 --> 00:10:19.899 Instead of stepping back, he actually made civil 00:10:19.899 --> 00:10:22.980 rights a priority and put pressure on Congress 00:10:22.980 --> 00:10:25.899 to pass this legislation. Again, in the movie 00:10:25.899 --> 00:10:29.120 Selma, this is depicted. You see the conversations 00:10:29.120 --> 00:10:32.120 between Lyndon B. Johnson and Dr. King and the 00:10:32.120 --> 00:10:35.129 work to try to pass this bill. In spite of all 00:10:35.129 --> 00:10:38.110 of the instability, the fear, and the violence 00:10:38.110 --> 00:10:41.230 that was occurring, Dr. King continued his work. 00:10:41.409 --> 00:10:44.409 He knew that he had to keep the momentum, the 00:10:44.409 --> 00:10:47.870 energy of this movement, and he had to keep it 00:10:47.870 --> 00:10:51.909 in the news if he wanted to put pressure on lawmakers 00:10:51.909 --> 00:10:54.820 to pass the Civil Rights Bill. In December of 00:10:54.820 --> 00:10:59.000 1963, Martin Luther King focused on voter registration. 00:10:59.379 --> 00:11:01.820 Voter registration is the process where you sign 00:11:01.820 --> 00:11:05.480 up so you are able to vote in elections. Even 00:11:05.480 --> 00:11:08.120 though African Americans technically were allowed 00:11:08.120 --> 00:11:10.879 to vote because they were US citizens, a lot 00:11:10.879 --> 00:11:13.570 of them couldn't actually do it. i know i keep 00:11:13.570 --> 00:11:16.269 mentioning this film selma but again it's just 00:11:16.269 --> 00:11:18.889 a really good representation of what was happening 00:11:18.889 --> 00:11:21.990 at that time and it is shown in the movie selma 00:11:21.990 --> 00:11:25.450 how african americans were prevented from voting 00:11:25.450 --> 00:11:28.389 local government officials would make it very 00:11:28.389 --> 00:11:31.210 difficult for african americans to vote they 00:11:31.210 --> 00:11:33.789 would put fees on voting which were called poll 00:11:33.789 --> 00:11:36.909 taxes they would make really difficult tests 00:11:36.909 --> 00:11:39.409 and if you could not pass them you could not 00:11:39.409 --> 00:11:42.639 vote And they would also just use intimidation. 00:11:42.679 --> 00:11:45.480 They would threaten people who they did not want 00:11:45.480 --> 00:11:48.159 to vote. King believed that voting was power. 00:11:48.320 --> 00:11:51.600 If Black Americans could exercise their right 00:11:51.600 --> 00:11:53.980 to vote, they would be able to elect leaders 00:11:53.980 --> 00:11:57.379 who would advocate for them and would also bring 00:11:57.379 --> 00:12:00.529 about change to the segregation laws. during 00:12:00.529 --> 00:12:03.409 this time king also helped develop new leadership 00:12:03.409 --> 00:12:07.309 in the civil rights movement he trained new leaders 00:12:07.309 --> 00:12:10.690 to stay non -violent and how to remain calm in 00:12:10.690 --> 00:12:14.250 dangerous situations but not back down from intimidation 00:12:14.250 --> 00:12:17.750 he really believed in non -violence and using 00:12:17.750 --> 00:12:21.590 peaceful protest as a method for change in january 00:12:21.590 --> 00:12:25.529 of 1964 he was awarded the nobel peace prize 00:12:25.529 --> 00:12:28.710 becoming the youngest member to ever win it When 00:12:28.710 --> 00:12:31.850 he accepted the prize, he said that it did not 00:12:31.850 --> 00:12:34.730 belong to him, but belonged to everyone who was 00:12:34.730 --> 00:12:37.970 a part of the civil rights movement. The people 00:12:37.970 --> 00:12:40.990 who marched, who participated in nonviolent protests, 00:12:41.250 --> 00:12:43.870 who registered voters, and who risked their lives 00:12:43.870 --> 00:12:46.139 for freedom. From his speeches in Europe, he 00:12:46.139 --> 00:12:49.320 continued his message of nonviolence and he got 00:12:49.320 --> 00:12:51.799 a lot of publicity. He actually got more news 00:12:51.799 --> 00:12:54.740 coverage in Europe than in the United States 00:12:54.740 --> 00:12:57.120 because, like I said, there were a lot of people 00:12:57.120 --> 00:13:00.600 here who did not like his message. That international 00:13:00.600 --> 00:13:03.779 media attention really brought more focus on 00:13:03.779 --> 00:13:06.559 to what was occurring and what he was advocating 00:13:06.559 --> 00:13:10.980 for. But at the same time, the FBI also increased 00:13:10.980 --> 00:13:14.600 their determination to discredit him. Discredit 00:13:14.600 --> 00:13:18.120 means to make someone less trustworthy, to get 00:13:18.120 --> 00:13:20.879 people to not believe what someone is saying. 00:13:21.200 --> 00:13:25.139 So the FBI really started to put pressure and 00:13:25.139 --> 00:13:28.679 tried to stop his work and the civil rights movement. 00:13:29.039 --> 00:13:32.720 And it was around this time that King had one 00:13:32.720 --> 00:13:36.080 of his most disturbing incidents with the FBI. 00:13:36.320 --> 00:13:40.690 The FBI sent him an anonymous letter. Anonymous 00:13:40.690 --> 00:13:43.730 means that there is no name attached to something. 00:13:43.970 --> 00:13:46.909 So he received a letter, but no one signed the 00:13:46.909 --> 00:13:49.389 letter and he didn't know who it was from. Now 00:13:49.389 --> 00:13:52.629 we know that it was written by the FBI, but at 00:13:52.629 --> 00:13:55.509 the time he did not know that. The intention 00:13:55.509 --> 00:13:59.110 of the letter was to get Dr. King to step down 00:13:59.110 --> 00:14:02.870 from leadership, to stop his activism and to 00:14:02.870 --> 00:14:06.220 harm himself, to hurt himself. In the letter, 00:14:06.360 --> 00:14:10.879 it said that he should no longer be alive. I 00:14:10.879 --> 00:14:13.299 can't actually say what it really says because 00:14:13.299 --> 00:14:16.240 YouTube does not like certain words being said. 00:14:16.419 --> 00:14:19.840 That is a very disturbing thing to do. That is 00:14:19.840 --> 00:14:24.519 a very evil thing to do, to tell someone to hurt 00:14:24.519 --> 00:14:27.700 themselves like that. But it really shows that 00:14:27.700 --> 00:14:30.940 the FBI viewed what he was doing as a threat 00:14:30.940 --> 00:14:35.039 and wanted him to stop his work. The letter came 00:14:35.039 --> 00:14:38.720 with recordings of Dr. King's phone calls of 00:14:38.720 --> 00:14:42.379 his hotel room, of the recordings that they made 00:14:42.379 --> 00:14:45.399 when they were spying on him, and the letter 00:14:45.399 --> 00:14:48.440 threatened him. But King continued to speak out, 00:14:48.460 --> 00:14:51.320 and one of his most famous lines is, Our lives 00:14:51.320 --> 00:14:55.460 begin to end the day we become silent about things 00:14:55.460 --> 00:14:58.500 that matter. That showed that Dr. King was not 00:14:58.500 --> 00:15:01.440 going to be silent about something he thought 00:15:01.440 --> 00:15:04.399 was very important. At the same time, Congress 00:15:04.399 --> 00:15:08.500 was debating the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This 00:15:08.500 --> 00:15:11.799 was a long battle. A lot of Southern senators 00:15:11.799 --> 00:15:16.259 used the filibuster to try to prevent it. A filibuster 00:15:16.259 --> 00:15:19.879 is when you talk for a very long time and you 00:15:19.879 --> 00:15:23.220 just keep talking and you prevent the legislation 00:15:23.220 --> 00:15:26.500 from being voted on. So a lot of Southern senators 00:15:26.500 --> 00:15:29.559 filibustered the Civil Rights Bill, but it actually 00:15:29.559 --> 00:15:32.860 did end up passing. When it passed in July of 00:15:32.860 --> 00:15:36.580 1964, it made segregation illegal and guaranteed 00:15:36.580 --> 00:15:40.419 equality under the law. This became one of the 00:15:40.419 --> 00:15:42.779 greatest victories of the civil rights movement. 00:15:43.100 --> 00:15:45.820 That same month, Dr. King published his book, 00:15:45.960 --> 00:15:49.179 Why We Can't Wait. In the book, King explains 00:15:49.179 --> 00:15:53.019 why waiting politely for social justice and equal 00:15:53.019 --> 00:15:56.509 rights was not possible. It had taken too long, 00:15:56.610 --> 00:15:59.970 people had suffered too much, and it had cost 00:15:59.970 --> 00:16:03.350 too many lives. Instead, he argued that people 00:16:03.350 --> 00:16:06.149 needed to act urgently, which means immediately 00:16:06.149 --> 00:16:10.009 or quickly. The book also included his Letter 00:16:10.009 --> 00:16:12.990 from a Birmingham Jail, which is a letter that 00:16:12.990 --> 00:16:15.470 I mentioned in the last episode we did about 00:16:15.470 --> 00:16:18.389 Dr. King. I would recommend reading Why We Can't 00:16:18.389 --> 00:16:21.350 Wait if you want to learn more about Dr. King's 00:16:21.350 --> 00:16:24.529 ideas and his philosophy. He was a very powerful 00:16:24.529 --> 00:16:27.230 writer, so the level of English is very high, 00:16:27.370 --> 00:16:30.450 but I do think that it is an interesting book 00:16:30.450 --> 00:16:33.389 to read. And I want to end this episode with 00:16:33.389 --> 00:16:36.070 one of my favorite quotes from Why We Can't Wait. 00:16:36.269 --> 00:16:40.269 The quote is, A social movement that only moves 00:16:40.269 --> 00:16:44.409 people is merely a revolt. A movement that changes 00:16:44.409 --> 00:16:47.809 both people and institutions is a revolution. 00:16:48.620 --> 00:16:51.039 I hope you enjoyed this episode and I hope you 00:16:51.039 --> 00:16:52.980 learned a little bit more about Martin Luther 00:16:52.980 --> 00:16:55.580 King and why he was so important here in the 00:16:55.580 --> 00:16:58.700 United States. He inspired millions, he helped 00:16:58.700 --> 00:17:02.039 push legislation, and he really changed the direction 00:17:02.039 --> 00:17:05.079 of the country. We're going to continue his story 00:17:05.079 --> 00:17:08.480 in future episodes because there is just so much 00:17:08.480 --> 00:17:11.119 to what he did. But for right now, we're going 00:17:11.119 --> 00:17:14.480 to pause here. And if you did like this episode, 00:17:14.599 --> 00:17:17.079 if you enjoyed it, please leave a comment. Tell 00:17:17.079 --> 00:17:18.960 me if you would like more episodes like this 00:17:18.960 --> 00:17:21.259 in the future, or if there are certain people 00:17:21.259 --> 00:17:24.500 you would like me to do episodes on. I also want 00:17:24.500 --> 00:17:26.559 to remind you to look at the description of this 00:17:26.559 --> 00:17:29.079 podcast episode. There you will find helpful 00:17:29.079 --> 00:17:32.779 links and today's vocabulary list. If you enjoyed 00:17:32.779 --> 00:17:35.460 the episode, share it with someone who is also 00:17:35.460 --> 00:17:38.490 learning English. Or you can leave us a rating 00:17:38.490 --> 00:17:41.250 on whatever app you're using to listen to this 00:17:41.250 --> 00:17:44.329 podcast on. You can follow us on social media 00:17:44.329 --> 00:17:48.930 or go to our website, learnenglishpod .com. And 00:17:48.930 --> 00:17:51.650 remember to follow the show so you don't miss 00:17:51.650 --> 00:17:54.049 our next episode when it comes out next week. 00:17:54.390 --> 00:17:56.609 Until then, keep learning English.