WEBVTT 00:00:01.990 --> 00:00:05.410 Sustainable development is a concept that recognizes 00:00:05.410 --> 00:00:09.810 the need to balance economic, social, and environmental 00:00:09.810 --> 00:00:13.349 concerns to ensure a healthy and prosperous future. 00:00:14.089 --> 00:00:16.789 It is an approach to development that seeks to 00:00:16.789 --> 00:00:19.449 meet the needs of the present without compromising 00:00:19.449 --> 00:00:22.449 the ability of future generations to meet their 00:00:22.449 --> 00:00:26.589 own needs. The concept of sustainable development 00:00:26.589 --> 00:00:29.789 has become increasingly relevant as global climate 00:00:29.789 --> 00:00:33.179 change and other environmental concerns become 00:00:33.179 --> 00:00:37.100 more pressing. It is a complex concept with numerous 00:00:37.100 --> 00:00:40.740 aspects and it remains the subject of extensive 00:00:40.740 --> 00:00:45.859 debate around how to define and measure it. Welcome 00:00:45.859 --> 00:00:48.399 to the Diplomacy and Discourse channel. I'm your 00:00:48.399 --> 00:00:52.659 host AR. Before we begin, I want to express my 00:00:52.659 --> 00:00:55.439 sincere appreciation to each of you for joining 00:00:55.439 --> 00:00:58.920 us in this episode. Your time and attention are 00:00:58.920 --> 00:01:01.539 incredibly valuable, and I'm genuinely grateful 00:01:01.539 --> 00:01:04.000 that you've chosen to be a part of our conversation. 00:01:05.200 --> 00:01:07.659 If you found value in what you heard today, your 00:01:07.659 --> 00:01:10.659 generosity in leaving a comment and a like on 00:01:10.659 --> 00:01:13.700 YouTube would mean the world to us. These reviews 00:01:13.700 --> 00:01:17.200 serve as both motivation and assistance in broadening 00:01:17.200 --> 00:01:19.859 our reach to connect with a broader audience. 00:01:20.959 --> 00:01:23.939 Once more, I extend my heartfelt thanks for being 00:01:23.939 --> 00:01:26.709 part of our journey. Your presence and active 00:01:26.709 --> 00:01:29.769 engagement genuinely make a significant difference. 00:01:31.810 --> 00:01:34.590 So this debate stems from the fact that there 00:01:34.590 --> 00:01:38.409 is no universally accepted definition of sustainability. 00:01:39.090 --> 00:01:42.370 Even if this is the case, the theoretical description 00:01:42.370 --> 00:01:46.030 may change depending on the results of the practical 00:01:46.030 --> 00:01:49.280 application. Achieving sustainable development 00:01:49.280 --> 00:01:52.719 requires striking a balance between economic, 00:01:53.099 --> 00:01:57.140 social, and environmental goals. To achieve this, 00:01:57.540 --> 00:02:00.319 it is crucial to develop policies and solutions 00:02:00.319 --> 00:02:18.469 that are tailored to specific contexts. quantitatively, 00:02:18.930 --> 00:02:22.650 and qualitatively. A quantitative measure is 00:02:22.650 --> 00:02:25.969 a numerical method of gathering and analyzing 00:02:25.969 --> 00:02:29.689 data, while a qualitative measure involves a 00:02:29.689 --> 00:02:33.409 more subjective approach that focuses on individual 00:02:33.409 --> 00:02:37.930 perspectives and experiences. Both serve as an 00:02:37.930 --> 00:02:40.310 effective source to deepen our understanding 00:02:40.310 --> 00:02:45.449 of such a multi -dimensional concept. Additionally, 00:02:45.759 --> 00:02:48.879 Qualitative methods are used for storytelling, 00:02:49.479 --> 00:02:52.960 as well as piloting ideas, generating insights, 00:02:53.520 --> 00:02:56.539 and unlocking the underpinning motivations and 00:02:56.539 --> 00:03:01.479 perspectives. So on the one hand, quantitative 00:03:01.479 --> 00:03:04.960 measures is excellent for testing and refining 00:03:04.960 --> 00:03:08.979 hypotheses. On the other hand, qualitative measures 00:03:08.979 --> 00:03:13.919 are great for discovering the why behind behaviors, 00:03:14.580 --> 00:03:19.830 attitudes, and experiences. Both approaches provide 00:03:19.830 --> 00:03:23.169 valuable information that can be used to develop 00:03:23.169 --> 00:03:26.009 strategies for addressing complex challenges 00:03:26.009 --> 00:03:30.610 and opportunities. Such a research method is 00:03:30.610 --> 00:03:34.090 relevant to the concept of sustainability because 00:03:34.090 --> 00:03:37.389 content analysis and descriptive research, for 00:03:37.389 --> 00:03:40.629 example, are crucial to identifying the roots 00:03:40.629 --> 00:03:44.120 of highly contested issues. This is achieved 00:03:44.120 --> 00:03:47.460 by humanizing the subjects we study and bringing 00:03:47.460 --> 00:03:51.020 our quantitative analysis to life. This type 00:03:51.020 --> 00:03:54.319 of research enables us to gain a deeper understanding 00:03:54.319 --> 00:03:58.319 of the issues at hand, as well as develop solutions 00:03:58.319 --> 00:04:02.259 tailored to the specific context and effectively 00:04:02.259 --> 00:04:05.759 addressing the needs of those involved. Ultimately, 00:04:06.159 --> 00:04:09.479 this type of research is invaluable to the sustainability 00:04:09.479 --> 00:04:14.939 of our planet. Quantitative measures provide 00:04:14.939 --> 00:04:18.639 a systematic approach to measuring and analyzing 00:04:18.639 --> 00:04:22.620 data. This enables us to compare different scenarios 00:04:22.620 --> 00:04:26.060 and gain a deeper understanding of existing trends 00:04:26.060 --> 00:04:29.680 and relationships. Quantitative measures are 00:04:29.680 --> 00:04:33.839 objective and consistent, making it easier to 00:04:33.839 --> 00:04:36.199 compare data points across various contexts. 00:04:36.620 --> 00:04:39.600 They also provide us with a deeper understanding 00:04:39.600 --> 00:04:42.420 of the underlying patterns and relationships 00:04:42.420 --> 00:04:46.300 in the data, enabling us to make more accurate 00:04:46.300 --> 00:04:50.120 predictions and informed decisions. With quantitative 00:04:50.120 --> 00:04:54.620 research, we can identify and quantify the impacts 00:04:54.620 --> 00:04:57.620 of sustainable development initiatives, as well 00:04:57.620 --> 00:05:00.379 as measure the effectiveness of various strategies. 00:05:01.379 --> 00:05:04.540 Through quantitative analysis, we can gain a 00:05:04.540 --> 00:05:07.500 deeper understanding of the efficacy of sustainable 00:05:07.500 --> 00:05:10.759 development policies and the effectiveness of 00:05:10.759 --> 00:05:13.639 various approaches to long -term sustainability. 00:05:15.660 --> 00:05:18.660 The Brundtland Commission, formerly known as 00:05:18.660 --> 00:05:21.620 the World Commission on Environment and Development, 00:05:22.180 --> 00:05:25.699 was established in 1983 by the United Nations 00:05:25.699 --> 00:05:28.339 to address the issue of sustainable development. 00:05:29.660 --> 00:05:33.370 The Commission's report, titled Our Common Future, 00:05:34.050 --> 00:05:38.569 was published in 1987 and established the concept 00:05:38.569 --> 00:05:41.870 of sustainable development as a means of balancing 00:05:41.870 --> 00:05:44.990 economic growth with environmental protection. 00:05:46.350 --> 00:05:49.230 The Brundtland Commission defined sustainability 00:05:49.230 --> 00:05:53.250 as, quote, meeting our present needs without 00:05:53.250 --> 00:05:56.529 compromising the ability of future generations 00:05:56.529 --> 00:06:01.139 to meet their own, end quote. It explained that 00:06:01.139 --> 00:06:04.800 the three components of sustainability include 00:06:04.800 --> 00:06:08.279 environmental conservation, social responsibility, 00:06:08.779 --> 00:06:12.220 and economic development. To get on the same 00:06:12.220 --> 00:06:15.300 page in understanding the risks associated with 00:06:15.300 --> 00:06:18.740 not addressing these issues, a conversation about 00:06:18.740 --> 00:06:23.540 the non -quantifiable aspects is warranted. These 00:06:23.540 --> 00:06:26.600 include, but are not limited to how the lack 00:06:26.600 --> 00:06:30.750 of these three elements promotes or impedes the 00:06:30.750 --> 00:06:34.569 general welfare of our communities. This is done 00:06:34.569 --> 00:06:37.949 by speaking with the actors who quantify the 00:06:37.949 --> 00:06:41.290 numbers to determine the funding amounts as the 00:06:41.290 --> 00:06:45.189 end result. In this context, funding is used 00:06:45.189 --> 00:06:47.470 to support sustainable development initiatives. 00:06:48.170 --> 00:06:50.990 This can include investments in infrastructure, 00:06:51.629 --> 00:06:54.610 research, and development initiatives to promote 00:06:54.610 --> 00:06:58.120 sustainable practices. Additionally, the funding 00:06:58.120 --> 00:07:01.160 can be used to support communities in transitioning 00:07:01.160 --> 00:07:04.839 to more sustainable practices, such as investing 00:07:04.839 --> 00:07:08.720 in green energy and renewable resources. The 00:07:08.720 --> 00:07:12.160 funds can also be used to support research and 00:07:12.160 --> 00:07:15.279 development initiatives aimed at understanding 00:07:15.279 --> 00:07:18.740 and mitigating the effects of climate change. 00:07:20.220 --> 00:07:23.839 By investing in infrastructure, research and 00:07:23.839 --> 00:07:26.910 development initiatives, The government can enhance 00:07:26.910 --> 00:07:30.370 access to sustainable technologies, create jobs, 00:07:30.610 --> 00:07:33.689 and support businesses and communities in transitioning 00:07:33.689 --> 00:07:38.370 to a more sustainable future. Additionally, research 00:07:38.370 --> 00:07:41.069 initiatives can help us better understand the 00:07:41.069 --> 00:07:43.949 causes and effects of climate change and develop 00:07:43.949 --> 00:07:47.870 solutions to mitigate its aspects. Ultimately, 00:07:48.129 --> 00:07:50.750 the funds can create initiatives for businesses 00:07:50.750 --> 00:07:54.259 to adopt sustainable practices. such as offering 00:07:54.259 --> 00:07:57.319 tax breaks or subsidies to those that reduce 00:07:57.319 --> 00:08:02.120 their carbon footprint. To uncover case studies 00:08:02.120 --> 00:08:06.399 and stories, we employ qualitative methods to 00:08:06.399 --> 00:08:09.980 guide us toward our end goal. Qualitative methods 00:08:09.980 --> 00:08:13.600 such as interviews and focus groups enable us 00:08:13.600 --> 00:08:17.100 to understand the lived experiences of individuals, 00:08:17.519 --> 00:08:20.339 communities, and organizations concerning climate 00:08:20.339 --> 00:08:23.730 change. This type of information is invaluable 00:08:23.730 --> 00:08:26.649 in creating effective strategies and solutions 00:08:26.649 --> 00:08:30.250 to address climate change. Additionally qualitative 00:08:30.250 --> 00:08:33.009 methods can be employed to incorporate theories 00:08:33.009 --> 00:08:35.950 from other disciplines. This provides social 00:08:35.950 --> 00:08:39.149 scientists with more tools to analyze the concept 00:08:39.149 --> 00:08:42.629 of sustainability. The combination of theories 00:08:42.629 --> 00:08:46.409 can serve as building blocks to generate a comprehensive 00:08:46.409 --> 00:08:50.000 definition of sustainability. A further voice 00:08:50.000 --> 00:08:53.639 and a method of analysis are once again considered 00:08:53.639 --> 00:08:57.639 and utilized in this analysis. More importantly, 00:08:58.159 --> 00:09:00.679 qualitative methods can be used to convene the 00:09:00.679 --> 00:09:03.960 voices of national, local, and individual actors, 00:09:04.559 --> 00:09:08.120 as it is crucial for all parties impacted to 00:09:08.120 --> 00:09:11.379 have a seat at the table. Qualitative methods 00:09:11.379 --> 00:09:14.279 can be applied today to trace the areas where 00:09:14.279 --> 00:09:17.379 scholars have diverged in their approaches to 00:09:17.379 --> 00:09:19.679 enriching our understanding of sustainability. 00:09:21.500 --> 00:09:25.120 Finally, qualitative methods can push contentious 00:09:25.120 --> 00:09:28.740 issues onto the policy agenda through compelling 00:09:28.740 --> 00:09:31.559 stories that signal the urgency of sustainable 00:09:31.559 --> 00:09:36.899 developments. Quantitative methods are renowned 00:09:36.899 --> 00:09:40.639 for their accuracy and objectivity. in the fields 00:09:40.639 --> 00:09:44.279 of science and social sciences. It allows us 00:09:44.279 --> 00:09:47.360 to understand the extent to which various elements 00:09:47.360 --> 00:09:50.399 of sustainability are present in given contexts. 00:09:51.419 --> 00:09:54.039 This helps us determine the effectiveness of 00:09:54.039 --> 00:09:57.059 initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable practices. 00:09:58.379 --> 00:10:01.500 In contrast to qualitative methods, quantitative 00:10:01.500 --> 00:10:05.080 methods provide quantifiable and verifiable data. 00:10:05.320 --> 00:10:08.299 This data can be used to measure the progress 00:10:08.299 --> 00:10:11.980 of sustainability initiatives as well as to identify 00:10:11.980 --> 00:10:17.279 areas of improvement. Quantitative data can also 00:10:17.279 --> 00:10:20.600 be used to identify correlations between various 00:10:20.600 --> 00:10:24.179 elements of sustainability, such as the impact 00:10:24.179 --> 00:10:27.840 of infrastructure investments on the environment 00:10:27.840 --> 00:10:32.139 or the effect of renewable energy sources on 00:10:32.139 --> 00:10:35.480 climate change. This information can then be 00:10:35.480 --> 00:10:38.440 used to inform decision making in the development 00:10:38.440 --> 00:10:43.559 of sustainability initiatives. As previously 00:10:43.559 --> 00:10:47.100 mentioned, there are many definitions of sustainability 00:10:47.100 --> 00:10:51.059 and a plethora of strategies used to move the 00:10:51.059 --> 00:10:54.279 theoretical concept into practical application. 00:10:55.620 --> 00:10:59.720 Authors Becky J. Brown, Mark E. Hansen, Diana 00:10:59.720 --> 00:11:03.960 M. Liverman and Robert W. Meredith in their 1987 00:11:03.960 --> 00:11:08.600 work titled Global Sustainability Toward Definition, 00:11:08.960 --> 00:11:12.100 attempted to compare and contrast different meanings 00:11:12.100 --> 00:11:14.879 and intellectual roots of the general concept 00:11:14.879 --> 00:11:17.620 of sustainability for the purpose of working 00:11:17.620 --> 00:11:22.580 toward a common understanding. The authors define 00:11:22.580 --> 00:11:25.940 sustainability as the ability of a system to 00:11:25.940 --> 00:11:29.929 maintain its current state despite disturbances 00:11:29.929 --> 00:11:34.889 and stresses. They argue that natural resource 00:11:34.889 --> 00:11:38.250 management systems should be based on a sustainable 00:11:38.250 --> 00:11:41.169 approach in order to preserve the environment 00:11:41.169 --> 00:11:44.909 for future generations. They likewise call for 00:11:44.909 --> 00:11:48.049 a holistic perspective when considering the sustainability 00:11:48.049 --> 00:11:51.470 of a system. This holistic perspective should 00:11:51.470 --> 00:11:55.269 include economic, social, and environmental aspects 00:11:55.269 --> 00:11:59.409 of a system. It should consider the interrelationships 00:11:59.409 --> 00:12:02.990 between these different components. Such an approach 00:12:02.990 --> 00:12:06.710 would enable us to identify and address the underlying 00:12:06.710 --> 00:12:10.250 causes of environmental degradation. It would 00:12:10.250 --> 00:12:13.330 also enable us to promote practices that ensure 00:12:13.330 --> 00:12:16.629 system sustainability. This includes adopting 00:12:16.629 --> 00:12:19.570 responsible consumption and production practices, 00:12:20.309 --> 00:12:23.629 which involve reducing waste, encouraging product 00:12:23.629 --> 00:12:27.090 reuse and recycling, and promoting the use of 00:12:27.090 --> 00:12:30.649 renewable resources. It also involves investing 00:12:30.649 --> 00:12:33.970 in green infrastructure such as renewable energy 00:12:33.970 --> 00:12:37.429 sources, green transportation, and green buildings. 00:12:38.269 --> 00:12:41.389 Finally, it requires the implementation of effective 00:12:41.389 --> 00:12:44.470 policies and regulation that will ensure the 00:12:44.470 --> 00:12:49.289 long -term sustainability of the system. There 00:12:49.289 --> 00:12:53.809 is no universally accepted definition of sustainability 00:12:53.809 --> 00:12:58.129 due to its inherent complexity. The concept of 00:12:58.129 --> 00:13:01.009 sustainability is multi -dimensional and has 00:13:01.009 --> 00:13:04.610 different meanings in different contexts. In 00:13:04.610 --> 00:13:07.850 addition, the meaning of sustainability has evolved 00:13:07.850 --> 00:13:11.090 over time as new elements and considerations 00:13:11.090 --> 00:13:14.789 have been added. This makes it difficult to come 00:13:14.789 --> 00:13:17.450 up with a single definition that is universally 00:13:17.450 --> 00:13:20.600 accepted. Furthermore, different stakeholders 00:13:20.600 --> 00:13:23.100 have different perspectives on sustainability, 00:13:23.720 --> 00:13:26.740 which further complicates the process of developing 00:13:26.740 --> 00:13:31.399 a common definition of sustainability. Due to 00:13:31.399 --> 00:13:34.360 the lack of a universally accepted definition, 00:13:34.919 --> 00:13:37.779 the concept is difficult to grasp completely. 00:13:38.820 --> 00:13:41.559 However, the most challenging element to learn 00:13:41.559 --> 00:13:44.559 about sustainability Once there is a baseline 00:13:44.559 --> 00:13:48.120 understanding and an agreed upon definition is 00:13:48.120 --> 00:13:51.720 determining how the pinpointed priorities that 00:13:51.720 --> 00:13:55.480 need to be sustained are weighted in terms of 00:13:55.480 --> 00:13:59.019 importance. Which is important for understanding 00:13:59.019 --> 00:14:03.100 the logic behind and justifications for resource 00:14:03.100 --> 00:14:07.059 distribution, especially in the case of managing 00:14:07.059 --> 00:14:12.559 conflicting priorities. So, for example, the 00:14:12.559 --> 00:14:16.320 aforementioned authors focused on, quote, sustainable 00:14:16.320 --> 00:14:20.200 biological resource use, sustainable agriculture, 00:14:20.879 --> 00:14:24.659 carrying capacity, and sustainable energy, sustainable 00:14:24.659 --> 00:14:27.940 society and sustainable economy, and sustainable 00:14:27.940 --> 00:14:33.240 development, end quote. These six meanings converge 00:14:33.240 --> 00:14:37.360 around two major aspects, those that emphasize 00:14:37.360 --> 00:14:43.899 ecology and those that emphasize Economics. According 00:14:43.899 --> 00:14:47.120 to the authors, sustainable biological resource 00:14:47.120 --> 00:14:51.379 use refers to the use of resources in a way that 00:14:51.379 --> 00:14:53.980 does not cause them to be depleted or degraded 00:14:53.980 --> 00:14:58.059 over time. Sustainable agriculture focuses on 00:14:58.059 --> 00:15:01.279 the use of agricultural practices that are sustainable 00:15:01.279 --> 00:15:04.659 and beneficial for long -term productivity and 00:15:04.659 --> 00:15:09.440 environmental health. Carrying capacity refers 00:15:09.440 --> 00:15:12.860 to the maximum number of organisms that an environment 00:15:12.860 --> 00:15:16.720 can support over a given period of time. Sustainable 00:15:16.720 --> 00:15:20.000 energy refers to the use of energy sources that 00:15:20.000 --> 00:15:23.159 are renewable and sustainable, such as solar, 00:15:23.559 --> 00:15:27.480 wind, and geothermal energy. Sustainable society 00:15:27.480 --> 00:15:30.429 and sustainable economy refers to the creation 00:15:30.429 --> 00:15:33.950 of a society and economy that is not only self 00:15:33.950 --> 00:15:37.970 -sustaining, but also promotes social and economic 00:15:37.970 --> 00:15:42.330 equity. And finally, sustainable development 00:15:42.330 --> 00:15:45.350 refers to the use of resources and practices 00:15:45.350 --> 00:15:48.590 that are sustainable and encourage economic growth. 00:15:49.629 --> 00:15:53.110 These six meanings revolve around two significant 00:15:53.110 --> 00:15:56.990 aspects of sustainability, ecology and economics. 00:15:57.879 --> 00:16:01.419 Ecology focuses on using resources in a way that 00:16:01.419 --> 00:16:04.019 does not cause them to be depleted or degraded 00:16:04.019 --> 00:16:08.220 over time, while economics focuses on using sustainable 00:16:08.220 --> 00:16:11.799 resources and practices that promote economic 00:16:11.799 --> 00:16:17.659 growth. Determining how to prioritize ecological 00:16:17.659 --> 00:16:21.139 sustainability and economic sustainability may 00:16:21.139 --> 00:16:25.100 prove difficult. This is especially true considering 00:16:25.100 --> 00:16:28.830 that the needs of one may not come at the expense 00:16:28.830 --> 00:16:32.750 of the other. The most desirable economic result 00:16:32.750 --> 00:16:35.970 may not directly support ecological preservation. 00:16:36.889 --> 00:16:39.950 It could and would be helpful to have a deeper 00:16:39.950 --> 00:16:42.549 understanding of the significant sustainability 00:16:42.549 --> 00:16:46.110 focus areas, as well as their measures and their 00:16:46.110 --> 00:16:49.129 decisions and justifications around their priority 00:16:49.129 --> 00:16:53.980 ranking. The strategy that may be most helpful 00:16:53.980 --> 00:16:57.559 in gaining this understanding is a cost -benefit 00:16:57.559 --> 00:17:00.700 analysis with justifications from the policy 00:17:00.700 --> 00:17:04.839 design and implementation fields. A cost -benefit 00:17:04.839 --> 00:17:08.539 analysis is a type of economic evaluation used 00:17:08.539 --> 00:17:11.980 to measure the costs and benefits of a particular 00:17:11.980 --> 00:17:15.480 project or policy. It involves comparing the 00:17:15.480 --> 00:17:18.799 costs of a project or policy to its benefits. 00:17:19.000 --> 00:17:22.779 considering both the tangible and intangible 00:17:22.779 --> 00:17:27.859 costs and benefits. So this analysis helps to 00:17:27.859 --> 00:17:31.440 identify which projects or policies are most 00:17:31.440 --> 00:17:35.180 cost effective and therefore should be prioritized. 00:17:35.839 --> 00:17:38.380 Ultimately, the goal of a cost -benefit analysis 00:17:38.380 --> 00:17:41.160 is to determine whether the potential benefits 00:17:41.160 --> 00:17:45.220 of a project or policy outweigh the costs associated 00:17:45.220 --> 00:17:50.000 with it. Therefore, a cost benefit analysis can 00:17:50.000 --> 00:17:53.099 serve as a practical guide for analyzing the 00:17:53.099 --> 00:17:56.619 pros and cons around how to weigh specific focus 00:17:56.619 --> 00:18:01.339 areas prior to execution. Contextually speaking, 00:18:01.779 --> 00:18:04.960 determining whether to focus on ecological sustainability 00:18:04.960 --> 00:18:08.819 versus economic sustainability will depend on 00:18:08.819 --> 00:18:13.079 various situational factors in a particular environment. 00:18:13.900 --> 00:18:16.839 To decide on this, understanding the problem 00:18:16.880 --> 00:18:20.220 and the policy outlined to remedy the situation 00:18:20.220 --> 00:18:24.440 would guide the process. In other words, our 00:18:24.440 --> 00:18:28.680 cost benefit analysis should be context -slash 00:18:28.680 --> 00:18:31.799 -issue specific with policy design techniques 00:18:31.799 --> 00:18:36.680 as justifications for the weights applied. In 00:18:36.680 --> 00:18:39.440 order to advance discussions around sustainability 00:18:39.440 --> 00:18:43.359 focus area methods moving forward, combining 00:18:43.359 --> 00:18:48.240 a cost benefit analysis, policy design, An implementation 00:18:48.240 --> 00:18:54.240 approach is advantageous. Outlining a process 00:18:54.240 --> 00:18:58.519 can help ensure due diligence in creating a streamlined, 00:18:58.740 --> 00:19:02.599 step -by -step trail. This can then be used as 00:19:02.599 --> 00:19:06.160 a justifiable template to operate on and learn 00:19:06.160 --> 00:19:10.039 from future decision -makings around sustainability. 00:19:12.799 --> 00:19:15.980 Throughout the many years of serious discussion, 00:19:16.140 --> 00:19:20.240 Regarding sustainability, independent and discrete 00:19:20.240 --> 00:19:23.579 capabilities and adeptness for sustainability 00:19:23.579 --> 00:19:26.660 have been presented with large quantities of 00:19:26.660 --> 00:19:31.619 awareness and consciousness. Among these are 00:19:31.619 --> 00:19:35.299 compositions and humanities relating to education, 00:19:35.940 --> 00:19:39.480 politics, law, durability, and business management. 00:19:40.319 --> 00:19:43.220 The aforementioned authors traverse and explore 00:19:43.220 --> 00:19:46.529 the explanation highlighting contemporary and 00:19:46.529 --> 00:19:50.369 peculiar morale deficiencies in the field of 00:19:50.369 --> 00:19:53.549 communal sustainability. And in my opinion, there 00:19:53.549 --> 00:19:56.730 are two wicked problems associated with sustainability 00:19:56.730 --> 00:19:59.930 because of a lack of normative competence and 00:19:59.930 --> 00:20:03.430 action competence in both theoretical and practical 00:20:03.430 --> 00:20:08.750 aspects. So for example, there is a lack of normative 00:20:08.750 --> 00:20:12.430 competence in the theoretical element of sustainability 00:20:12.430 --> 00:20:16.269 regarding international cooperation, as nations 00:20:16.269 --> 00:20:19.430 do not always comply with international agreements, 00:20:19.809 --> 00:20:22.769 such as the Paris Climate Agreement. The Paris 00:20:22.769 --> 00:20:25.369 Climate Agreement is an international agreement 00:20:25.369 --> 00:20:28.430 to keep the global temperature increase below 00:20:28.430 --> 00:20:32.589 2 degrees Celsius above pre -industrial levels 00:20:32.589 --> 00:20:36.490 and to pursue efforts to keep it to 1 .5 degrees 00:20:36.490 --> 00:20:40.809 Celsius. The deal was reached in 2015 and entered 00:20:40.809 --> 00:20:45.630 into effect in November 2016. The agreement commits 00:20:45.630 --> 00:20:48.309 countries to reduce emissions and to provide 00:20:48.309 --> 00:20:51.210 financial support to developing countries to 00:20:51.210 --> 00:20:53.950 help them transition to cleaner energy sources. 00:20:55.089 --> 00:20:57.849 In terms of practical aspects, there is a lack 00:20:57.849 --> 00:21:01.190 of action competence, as organizations and governments 00:21:01.190 --> 00:21:04.329 do not always take the necessary steps to implement 00:21:04.329 --> 00:21:07.730 the agreed upon policies. Additionally, there 00:21:07.730 --> 00:21:10.950 is a lack of public awareness regarding the importance 00:21:10.950 --> 00:21:13.950 of sustainability, which further reduces the 00:21:13.950 --> 00:21:16.789 ability of governments and organizations to take 00:21:16.789 --> 00:21:22.190 action. Considering sustainability as a convoluted 00:21:22.190 --> 00:21:25.869 or wicked problem, there are yet to be definitive 00:21:25.869 --> 00:21:29.839 definitions of what Normativity means in terms 00:21:29.839 --> 00:21:33.900 of normative expertise and what responsible action 00:21:33.900 --> 00:21:37.700 means in terms of action resources. A wicked 00:21:37.700 --> 00:21:40.980 problem is a complex issue that is challenging 00:21:40.980 --> 00:21:44.759 to resolve due to its interconnected nature with 00:21:44.759 --> 00:21:49.700 no single solution or answer. In the transdisciplinary 00:21:49.700 --> 00:21:53.680 case of sustainability, wicked problems are characterized 00:21:53.680 --> 00:21:58.220 by their complexity, lack of consensus, and difficulty 00:21:58.220 --> 00:22:02.759 in arriving at a definitive solution. Moreover, 00:22:03.180 --> 00:22:06.099 wicked problems related to sustainability are 00:22:06.099 --> 00:22:09.500 often characterized by a lack of both normative 00:22:09.500 --> 00:22:13.960 and action competence. Normative competence refers 00:22:13.960 --> 00:22:17.019 to the ability to make a sound moral decision 00:22:17.019 --> 00:22:20.400 while action competence refers to the ability 00:22:20.400 --> 00:22:23.759 to take responsible action. That said, There 00:22:23.759 --> 00:22:26.720 needs to be a greater focus on how these principled 00:22:26.720 --> 00:22:29.640 and virtuous competencies are interconnected 00:22:29.640 --> 00:22:34.220 in articles and open air discussions. Rationalizing 00:22:34.220 --> 00:22:37.960 the integrity of the ethical frame of mind, encompassing 00:22:37.960 --> 00:22:40.839 both positive and negative skills is imperative. 00:22:41.559 --> 00:22:44.220 This is because perspectives like these can take 00:22:44.220 --> 00:22:46.700 the wickedness of sustainability into account. 00:22:46.990 --> 00:22:50.029 To address the issue of sustainability, it is 00:22:50.029 --> 00:22:52.549 important to understand the need for both moral 00:22:52.549 --> 00:22:55.930 decision making and responsible action. This 00:22:55.930 --> 00:22:58.609 means that when individuals consider the ethical 00:22:58.609 --> 00:23:01.650 implications of sustainability, they can develop 00:23:01.650 --> 00:23:03.990 policy -level solutions that are both effective 00:23:03.990 --> 00:23:07.309 and morally sound. This requires understanding 00:23:07.309 --> 00:23:10.410 the ethical implications of sustainability and 00:23:10.410 --> 00:23:13.009 applying the knowledge to develop policy solutions. 00:23:13.390 --> 00:23:17.029 This allows sustainability to be seen as a positive 00:23:17.029 --> 00:23:20.009 goal and something that can be achieved through 00:23:20.009 --> 00:23:23.089 the practices of individuals and organizations. 00:23:24.170 --> 00:23:27.349 This is the key to making sustainability a lasting 00:23:27.349 --> 00:23:30.970 change for the benefit of all. By emphasizing 00:23:30.970 --> 00:23:34.650 the ethical implications of sustainability, individuals 00:23:34.650 --> 00:23:38.230 and organizations can make more informed decisions 00:23:38.230 --> 00:23:43.119 that promote a better future for all. Let's look 00:23:43.119 --> 00:23:46.819 at a case study in South America. In Ecuador, 00:23:47.359 --> 00:23:50.880 voters stopped an oil project in a region of 00:23:50.880 --> 00:23:55.519 the Amazon. Over 60 % of voters supported a referendum 00:23:55.519 --> 00:23:58.500 that banned the development of new oil wells 00:23:58.500 --> 00:24:02.500 within a national park. This means that the country's 00:24:02.500 --> 00:24:06.079 state oil firm, Petro Ecuador, will have to stop 00:24:06.079 --> 00:24:08.900 all of its activities in the region within a 00:24:08.900 --> 00:24:13.220 year. Petro Ecuador had planned to build new 00:24:13.220 --> 00:24:16.400 oil wells in the region, but the referendum had 00:24:16.400 --> 00:24:19.720 put an end to those plans. This is a victory 00:24:19.720 --> 00:24:23.160 for environmental activists, who have been campaigning 00:24:23.160 --> 00:24:27.420 against the oil project for years. The region, 00:24:27.740 --> 00:24:31.220 known as Yasuni, is located on Ecuador's border 00:24:31.220 --> 00:24:35.339 with Peru. It features several indigenous groups, 00:24:35.599 --> 00:24:40.380 such as the Tagiri and the Taromenen. In 1989, 00:24:40.700 --> 00:24:44.000 it was named a UNESCO site due to its unique 00:24:44.000 --> 00:24:47.660 biodiversity. It holds one of the biggest crude 00:24:47.660 --> 00:24:50.960 oil reserves in the country, accounting for 12 00:24:50.960 --> 00:24:54.759 % of the country's total production. Being a 00:24:54.759 --> 00:24:58.119 UNESCO site means that the area is recognized 00:24:58.119 --> 00:25:02.180 as having special cultural, historical, or scientific 00:25:02.180 --> 00:25:06.319 significance and is thus protected from development 00:25:06.319 --> 00:25:10.819 or exploitation. UNESCO sites receive additional 00:25:10.819 --> 00:25:13.740 protection to preserve their unique features 00:25:13.740 --> 00:25:18.200 and characteristics. According to Petro Ecuador, 00:25:18.619 --> 00:25:21.519 the referendum would result in the country losing 00:25:21.519 --> 00:25:25.700 around $13 .8 billion in income over the next 00:25:25.700 --> 00:25:30.039 few decades. Over 70 % of voters in Ecuador voted 00:25:30.039 --> 00:25:33.140 to ban gold mining in the Chocoandino forest, 00:25:33.519 --> 00:25:36.319 which is located northwest of the country's capital, 00:25:36.559 --> 00:25:41.299 Quito. It was also named a biosphere by UNESCO 00:25:41.299 --> 00:25:45.700 in 2018. UNESCO requires that a place must have 00:25:45.700 --> 00:25:48.779 unique biodiversity and cultural, historical, 00:25:49.000 --> 00:25:52.039 or scientific significance in order to be named 00:25:52.039 --> 00:25:56.119 a biosphere. Additionally, the site must demonstrate 00:25:56.119 --> 00:25:59.220 a balance between conservation and sustainable 00:25:59.220 --> 00:26:02.819 development. It must also be able to protect 00:26:02.819 --> 00:26:05.839 the environment while promoting the well -being 00:26:05.839 --> 00:26:10.799 of local communities. The recent vote in Ecuador 00:26:10.799 --> 00:26:13.799 to ban oil development in an oil -rich slice 00:26:13.799 --> 00:26:17.539 of Yasuni National Park is a key example of how 00:26:17.539 --> 00:26:20.339 moral principles and values can be considered 00:26:20.339 --> 00:26:23.720 in making sound decisions on sustainability issues. 00:26:24.400 --> 00:26:27.160 The decision to halt the oil drilling project 00:26:27.160 --> 00:26:30.119 was based on the ethical implications of such 00:26:30.119 --> 00:26:33.319 an undertaking, such as the destruction of the 00:26:33.319 --> 00:26:36.140 local environment and the potential consequences 00:26:36.140 --> 00:26:39.880 for the indigenous population. By taking a moral 00:26:39.880 --> 00:26:43.079 stance on the issue, the Ecuadorian people were 00:26:43.079 --> 00:26:46.099 able to come to a consensus on a policy -level 00:26:46.099 --> 00:26:48.640 solution that was both effective and morally 00:26:48.640 --> 00:26:52.329 sound. This demonstrates the importance of considering 00:26:52.329 --> 00:26:55.190 the ethical implications of sustainability when 00:26:55.190 --> 00:26:58.349 making decisions as it can lead to more informed 00:26:58.349 --> 00:27:01.910 and responsible policy level solutions that promote 00:27:01.910 --> 00:27:06.329 a better future for all. Sustainable practices 00:27:06.329 --> 00:27:09.450 can also be encouraged by utilizing the power 00:27:09.450 --> 00:27:13.289 of education. By educating individuals, communities, 00:27:13.690 --> 00:27:16.710 and organizations on the importance of sustainability, 00:27:17.119 --> 00:27:20.099 people can become more aware of the impact of 00:27:20.099 --> 00:27:22.900 their actions and how their decisions can shape 00:27:22.900 --> 00:27:26.400 the future. Through education, people can learn 00:27:26.400 --> 00:27:29.279 to make sustainable decisions that will benefit 00:27:29.279 --> 00:27:33.160 the environment and promote social justice. Furthermore, 00:27:33.759 --> 00:27:36.519 education can also help individuals in developing 00:27:36.519 --> 00:27:39.940 countries understand the value and importance 00:27:39.940 --> 00:27:43.619 of sustainable practices and take action to protect 00:27:43.619 --> 00:27:48.180 their environment. Education can also help raise 00:27:48.180 --> 00:27:51.180 awareness of the need for sustainable practices, 00:27:51.700 --> 00:27:54.779 such as proper waste management, water conservation, 00:27:55.220 --> 00:27:58.539 and energy efficiency, to reduce the environmental 00:27:58.539 --> 00:28:02.720 footprint of individuals and organizations. Ultimately, 00:28:03.339 --> 00:28:05.880 education can also foster a deeper understanding 00:28:05.880 --> 00:28:09.460 between individuals and organizations, enabling 00:28:09.460 --> 00:28:13.440 collaboration and constructive dialogue on sustainability. 00:28:15.369 --> 00:28:19.210 So to wrap it up, a cost -benefit analysis with 00:28:19.210 --> 00:28:22.789 justifications from the policy design and implementation 00:28:22.789 --> 00:28:26.950 fields helps understand and weigh the various 00:28:26.950 --> 00:28:30.490 sustainability focus areas. The results of this 00:28:30.490 --> 00:28:32.990 analysis can then be used to determine which 00:28:32.990 --> 00:28:37.450 projects or policies should be prioritized. This 00:28:37.450 --> 00:28:40.430 approach can help ensure that decisions are made 00:28:40.430 --> 00:28:43.470 in an informed and justifiable manner and can 00:28:43.470 --> 00:28:46.380 be used as a template for future decision making 00:28:46.380 --> 00:28:50.220 around sustainability. Ultimately, by emphasizing 00:28:50.220 --> 00:28:52.880 the importance of the ethical implications of 00:28:52.880 --> 00:28:55.859 sustainability, individuals and organizations 00:28:55.859 --> 00:28:59.259 can make more informed decisions that will contribute 00:28:59.259 --> 00:29:01.000 to a better future for all.