1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:09,960 Today we are discussing medical cannabis and I'm so excited to get into the nitty gritty. 2 00:00:09,960 --> 00:00:14,080 In the past there has been quite a lot of negative press about cannabis but it can be 3 00:00:14,080 --> 00:00:16,040 so beneficial. 4 00:00:16,040 --> 00:00:22,460 My guest today is Dr Brian Walker who specialises in medical cannabis and thyroid and has practiced 5 00:00:22,460 --> 00:00:23,760 medicine for many years. 6 00:00:23,760 --> 00:00:29,400 He is an advocate for truth, freedom and growth and is currently a member for parliament. 7 00:00:29,400 --> 00:00:34,400 He believes some of our laws are unfit for purpose and is a champion for change. 8 00:00:34,400 --> 00:00:37,160 Welcome Dr Walker, thank you so much for joining me. 9 00:00:37,160 --> 00:00:38,160 Hello. 10 00:00:38,160 --> 00:00:43,280 Really eager to jump straight into it as there is a lot to unpack. 11 00:00:43,280 --> 00:00:52,040 Perhaps I know there was a, this morning I heard some news that perhaps I can play you 12 00:00:52,040 --> 00:00:56,880 from channel 7 and it's a plan to legalise cannabis use in WA. 13 00:00:56,880 --> 00:01:01,160 So perhaps I can start by playing the interview and get your thoughts on it. 14 00:01:01,160 --> 00:01:02,160 Sure. 15 00:01:02,160 --> 00:01:06,480 A controversial new plan to give WA the most relaxed marijuana rules in the country has 16 00:01:06,480 --> 00:01:08,120 been revealed this morning. 17 00:01:08,120 --> 00:01:12,720 The West Australian reports West Aussies would be allowed to legally possess 50 grams of 18 00:01:12,720 --> 00:01:17,520 cannabis and households would be allowed to grow four plants. 19 00:01:17,520 --> 00:01:22,520 The two MPs from the legalised cannabis WA party hope the bill will be introduced into 20 00:01:22,520 --> 00:01:26,840 parliament next year and spark a public debate. 21 00:01:26,840 --> 00:01:30,080 So what are your thoughts or do you have any insider knowledge? 22 00:01:30,080 --> 00:01:32,080 Oh yes I do. 23 00:01:32,080 --> 00:01:34,440 I'm actually fascinated. 24 00:01:34,440 --> 00:01:37,440 You see, listening to that there's such a lot of misconceptions. 25 00:01:37,440 --> 00:01:41,480 Look, first of all they're using the term marijuana. 26 00:01:41,480 --> 00:01:44,600 That's actually a pejorative term. 27 00:01:44,600 --> 00:01:52,360 It was created to make cannabis sound foreign and that was the start of the FBI approach 28 00:01:52,360 --> 00:01:56,960 to persecuting blacks and Hispanics in the southern states of America. 29 00:01:56,960 --> 00:02:03,000 If you look at the original banning of cannabis it was purely because they wanted to have 30 00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:09,600 control of cotton, of oil and also of the minorities in the southern states. 31 00:02:09,600 --> 00:02:14,600 A very xenophobic racist rant by the FBI assistant director started all of this. 32 00:02:14,600 --> 00:02:18,400 They asked actually 28 doctors is cannabis bad for you and they all said no. 33 00:02:18,400 --> 00:02:20,360 The 29th said oh yes it's dangerous. 34 00:02:20,360 --> 00:02:22,760 Now they've got medical grounds for banning it. 35 00:02:22,760 --> 00:02:26,600 So the whole banning is actually based on falsehoods. 36 00:02:26,600 --> 00:02:33,160 Everything since then has been created, this propaganda has been created to describe cannabis 37 00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:35,080 as something bad. 38 00:02:35,080 --> 00:02:37,800 I used to believe this because I was trained this. 39 00:02:37,800 --> 00:02:42,520 As a medical student and as a doctor practising cannabis was always, it gave me into harder 40 00:02:42,520 --> 00:02:47,200 drugs, always dangerous and always caused a risk for psychosis, that kind of thing. 41 00:02:47,200 --> 00:02:51,200 So imagine my surprise when I do my research and find actually that's all wrong. 42 00:02:51,200 --> 00:02:52,680 That was shocking. 43 00:02:52,680 --> 00:02:55,400 Oh how interesting. 44 00:02:55,400 --> 00:03:01,560 And you raise some really important points I think in that there is so much propaganda 45 00:03:01,560 --> 00:03:07,760 it's good to really delve into the truth and find out what is going on. 46 00:03:07,760 --> 00:03:13,600 So now you said you've done a lot of research so perhaps you can tell us about what the 47 00:03:13,600 --> 00:03:18,360 active compounds are and how cannabis affects neurotransmitter release in the brain. 48 00:03:18,360 --> 00:03:19,360 Sure. 49 00:03:19,360 --> 00:03:22,520 Well first of all we have to get used to the idea that cannabis is a dangerous drug, it's 50 00:03:22,520 --> 00:03:23,520 a narcotic. 51 00:03:23,520 --> 00:03:25,000 It is not. 52 00:03:25,000 --> 00:03:28,920 In international law cannabis is described as a narcotic and therefore is banned as being 53 00:03:28,920 --> 00:03:29,920 dangerous to health. 54 00:03:29,920 --> 00:03:31,240 That is a complete lie. 55 00:03:31,240 --> 00:03:35,560 From the pharmacological point of view there's no way that cannabis is a narcotic. 56 00:03:35,560 --> 00:03:39,720 But the international legal description is of a narcotic. 57 00:03:39,720 --> 00:03:45,400 And that has to be, the problem with that is a narcotic will slow your respiratory response 58 00:03:45,400 --> 00:03:48,520 and can kill people by stopping their breathing. 59 00:03:48,520 --> 00:03:53,560 That cannabis absolutely cannot do that because the receptors are not being addressed with 60 00:03:53,560 --> 00:03:54,560 cannabis. 61 00:03:54,560 --> 00:03:56,560 So that's the first thing to say. 62 00:03:56,560 --> 00:04:03,320 Secondly, my team has scraped about 4,000 annual reports of reputable sources as to 63 00:04:03,320 --> 00:04:04,720 the research into cannabis. 64 00:04:04,720 --> 00:04:09,400 Now some of it is going to be negative because look there are, if you use cannabis wrongly 65 00:04:09,400 --> 00:04:13,400 there can be negative consequences but most of them are actually proving that the previous 66 00:04:13,400 --> 00:04:16,280 prejudices are actually completely false. 67 00:04:16,280 --> 00:04:18,480 And that needs to be put into the public domain. 68 00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:22,800 We don't need to be frightened of cannabis, we just need to use it properly. 69 00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:25,080 Now then you look at what's actually in the cannabis. 70 00:04:25,080 --> 00:04:32,740 Well there's a friend of mine, a very knowledgeable person who has described his experience by 71 00:04:32,740 --> 00:04:36,120 saying that the more I learn about cannabis the more I realize we don't do anything about 72 00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:37,120 it. 73 00:04:37,120 --> 00:04:38,120 It's such a lot to learn. 74 00:04:38,120 --> 00:04:40,120 Oh it really is. 75 00:04:40,120 --> 00:04:44,920 Well the 80 to 100 different cannabinoids we've got there and also the terpenes, those 76 00:04:44,920 --> 00:04:50,800 oil constituents which give their taste, they all have medicinal properties and the question 77 00:04:50,800 --> 00:04:52,960 is how much do they have of properties. 78 00:04:52,960 --> 00:04:57,880 There is really, they're doing fantastic research, they're identifying the individual cannabinoids, 79 00:04:57,880 --> 00:05:02,160 the individual terpenes and they're testing them against individual patients and individual 80 00:05:02,160 --> 00:05:05,200 diseases to see what actually works. 81 00:05:05,200 --> 00:05:09,680 This is science, this is research getting the facts of the matter and that's beautiful 82 00:05:09,680 --> 00:05:11,480 to see because this will transform. 83 00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:16,960 For example, just last week we had this, we know that cannabis has an anti-cancer effect. 84 00:05:16,960 --> 00:05:20,640 One of the properties of one part of cannabis is it kills melanoma cells. 85 00:05:20,640 --> 00:05:24,520 Now 80% of our skin cancer deaths are due to melanoma. 86 00:05:24,520 --> 00:05:29,960 And if they're destroyed by a constituent of cannabis, why are we depriving our citizens 87 00:05:29,960 --> 00:05:32,960 of the right to have protection from melanoma? 88 00:05:32,960 --> 00:05:34,720 I agree, yes. 89 00:05:34,720 --> 00:05:37,960 That's wonderful and there's so many other uses for it as well. 90 00:05:37,960 --> 00:05:41,600 Now individually, but most people know nothing about cannabis or if they know anything at 91 00:05:41,600 --> 00:05:44,760 all, they say our THC is bad for your brain. 92 00:05:44,760 --> 00:05:45,760 Nonsense. 93 00:05:45,760 --> 00:05:51,200 I'm using THC in small doses for treating ADHD and autism with good effects. 94 00:05:51,200 --> 00:05:56,600 Can CBD on its own and pre-pubertal people with ADHD, wonderful effect on autism and 95 00:05:56,600 --> 00:05:59,000 ADHD but not for everyone. 96 00:05:59,000 --> 00:06:01,040 It's not a universal panacea. 97 00:06:01,040 --> 00:06:05,800 To us, the cutting edge and it needs to find its resonance in the public. 98 00:06:05,800 --> 00:06:10,720 There's a good medicine here with a very low side effect profile which can be of great 99 00:06:10,720 --> 00:06:14,080 importance in helping to manage wellness. 100 00:06:14,080 --> 00:06:15,920 You mentioned a few different things in there. 101 00:06:15,920 --> 00:06:20,760 So it sounds like different strains and different forms affect the brain differently. 102 00:06:20,760 --> 00:06:22,320 Yes. 103 00:06:22,320 --> 00:06:28,320 And I guess how does it affect the brain differently and sort of does it, not only the different 104 00:06:28,320 --> 00:06:34,600 strains but does it affect us, well I assume it does, affect us differently depending on 105 00:06:34,600 --> 00:06:41,480 whether it's edibles or it's smoked or whether we drink it as a juice, have it oil. 106 00:06:41,480 --> 00:06:42,480 Huge variation. 107 00:06:42,480 --> 00:06:46,960 On the one hand, we've got to recognize that there are a lot of constituents and there's 108 00:06:46,960 --> 00:06:49,080 two basic properties of cannabis. 109 00:06:49,080 --> 00:06:51,400 One is it can elevate or it can sedate. 110 00:06:51,400 --> 00:06:55,880 It can elevate your brain or sedate it or it can elevate your body by sedating. 111 00:06:55,880 --> 00:07:01,760 So therefore, if you've got four areas of potential effect, elevating, sedating or a 112 00:07:01,760 --> 00:07:03,760 combination of that. 113 00:07:03,760 --> 00:07:08,880 And so certain strains of cannabis are useful for helping you during the day and others 114 00:07:08,880 --> 00:07:10,680 are helpful for the night. 115 00:07:10,680 --> 00:07:13,940 The second thing, pharmacologically, there's three ways of using cannabis. 116 00:07:13,940 --> 00:07:16,840 So you can apply it to the skin as a cream or a lotion. 117 00:07:16,840 --> 00:07:19,040 You can ingest it or you can inhale it. 118 00:07:19,040 --> 00:07:23,120 I have to say that the worst way of taking cannabis is smoking it. 119 00:07:23,120 --> 00:07:26,000 I absolutely do not recommend that you smoke cannabis. 120 00:07:26,000 --> 00:07:28,840 I'm a rabid anti-smoker, passionate anti-smoker. 121 00:07:28,840 --> 00:07:31,240 There are other ways of inhaling cannabis. 122 00:07:31,240 --> 00:07:35,320 For example, they can get an asthma-like spray or they can vape it. 123 00:07:35,320 --> 00:07:36,880 People now say, oh, vaping is bad for you. 124 00:07:36,880 --> 00:07:39,480 And I'm telling you nonsense. 125 00:07:39,480 --> 00:07:43,440 What the government is putting out about vaping is completely scientifically incorrect. 126 00:07:43,440 --> 00:07:45,960 But that's another topic altogether. 127 00:07:45,960 --> 00:07:51,400 When you put your herbs into the pan to heat up to make a curry, when you get that aroma 128 00:07:51,400 --> 00:07:53,720 coming off, you're now actually vaping your herbs. 129 00:07:53,720 --> 00:07:54,720 That's what you're doing. 130 00:07:54,720 --> 00:07:55,720 You're heating it. 131 00:07:55,720 --> 00:07:56,720 You're not combusting it. 132 00:07:56,720 --> 00:08:00,280 And so all you're doing is you're taking the essential oils or the chemicals at different 133 00:08:00,280 --> 00:08:02,160 temperatures and you're inhaling them. 134 00:08:02,160 --> 00:08:06,840 Now, it can be innocent to the chest, absolutely, but it's absolutely not the same as smoking. 135 00:08:06,840 --> 00:08:08,720 And I would want to emphasize that. 136 00:08:08,720 --> 00:08:13,520 The difference is if you look at just ingesting or inhaling, when you ingest it, it can take 137 00:08:13,520 --> 00:08:16,200 between 20 minutes and two hours to absorb. 138 00:08:16,200 --> 00:08:19,640 And then when it's in your system, it works for six or eight hours. 139 00:08:19,640 --> 00:08:24,160 If you inhale it, it'll be there within a minute, I think, but lasts for about an hour, 140 00:08:24,160 --> 00:08:25,800 maybe two if you're lucky. 141 00:08:25,800 --> 00:08:29,920 So you'd want to use these two different approaches for different needs. 142 00:08:29,920 --> 00:08:34,600 For example, if you have an acute panic attack, taking an oil will do nothing for you. 143 00:08:34,600 --> 00:08:37,720 So you need to actually inhale that product right now. 144 00:08:37,720 --> 00:08:39,840 And that gives an almost immediate effect. 145 00:08:39,840 --> 00:08:43,640 On the other hand, if you've got chronic pain or something similar, which is on a daily 146 00:08:43,640 --> 00:08:48,760 or nightly basis, taking an ingested form, an edible, would give you six or eight hours 147 00:08:48,760 --> 00:08:49,760 of relief. 148 00:08:49,760 --> 00:08:53,360 And you can top up with inhaled if you need for exacerbations. 149 00:08:53,360 --> 00:08:58,040 So what you need is someone who's prescribing this, who knows how to use a very sensible, 150 00:08:58,040 --> 00:08:59,600 healthy healing herb. 151 00:08:59,600 --> 00:09:01,880 And I think that's so important to let people know. 152 00:09:01,880 --> 00:09:06,000 I feel like there's just not enough media about this. 153 00:09:06,000 --> 00:09:10,800 So hopefully, you know, if they are relaxing the laws, then perhaps we will get some more 154 00:09:10,800 --> 00:09:12,360 information coming through as well. 155 00:09:12,360 --> 00:09:14,280 Well, first of all, they're not going to relax the laws. 156 00:09:14,280 --> 00:09:18,440 The government is dead against this, although it's in their policy manual from the law and 157 00:09:18,440 --> 00:09:19,440 state party. 158 00:09:19,440 --> 00:09:23,360 But they're all frightened that if they seem to be soft on drugs, they're going to lose 159 00:09:23,360 --> 00:09:24,360 votes. 160 00:09:24,360 --> 00:09:25,360 That's really it. 161 00:09:25,360 --> 00:09:28,360 They don't really care about the truth of the matter. 162 00:09:28,360 --> 00:09:29,360 This really is... 163 00:09:29,360 --> 00:09:30,360 Oh, sorry. 164 00:09:30,360 --> 00:09:31,360 Go on. 165 00:09:31,360 --> 00:09:32,360 It's sad, isn't it, really? 166 00:09:32,360 --> 00:09:33,360 We need truth, not perception of truth. 167 00:09:33,360 --> 00:09:34,360 We need actual truth. 168 00:09:34,360 --> 00:09:37,560 And you know, from the media point of view, there's been a blanket ban on listening to 169 00:09:37,560 --> 00:09:41,200 what I have to say because always these are smoker of cannabis. 170 00:09:41,200 --> 00:09:42,200 Nonsense. 171 00:09:42,200 --> 00:09:45,360 If you listen to what's actually being said, you'll realize that we're actually looking 172 00:09:45,360 --> 00:09:48,600 for fundamental change, not just in cannabis, but in society. 173 00:09:48,600 --> 00:09:52,160 Let's look at things the way they really are, not the way we think they are. 174 00:09:52,160 --> 00:09:54,360 For example, how do you manage mental health? 175 00:09:54,360 --> 00:09:56,880 Oh, yes, that's a big one. 176 00:09:56,880 --> 00:10:04,080 What really gets me going about this is I see the impacts of Amsterdam and how they 177 00:10:04,080 --> 00:10:06,840 treat cannabis and their laws are relaxed. 178 00:10:06,840 --> 00:10:12,600 Now I see the social benefits where then you've got younger people who it's not a thrill anymore 179 00:10:12,600 --> 00:10:14,040 because it's not illegal. 180 00:10:14,040 --> 00:10:15,600 So they're not doing anything wrong. 181 00:10:15,600 --> 00:10:20,600 They might try it and like, oh, yeah, that's, you know, that's okay. 182 00:10:20,600 --> 00:10:26,180 But there's also a financial and economic impact because you've got the government 183 00:10:26,180 --> 00:10:27,180 tax it. 184 00:10:27,180 --> 00:10:32,160 So you're getting, you know, funds that then can be re-dispersed through health or other 185 00:10:32,160 --> 00:10:33,520 means. 186 00:10:33,520 --> 00:10:40,040 So I feel like there's some really positive things going on there that I don't feel is 187 00:10:40,040 --> 00:10:42,600 being perhaps heard in Australia. 188 00:10:42,600 --> 00:10:44,800 Oh, it's being hidden entirely. 189 00:10:44,800 --> 00:10:49,200 Look, as a doctor in parliament, I have got, I talk about wellness. 190 00:10:49,200 --> 00:10:52,400 Now wellness is physical, mental, social and financial wellness. 191 00:10:52,400 --> 00:10:56,280 And that covers all areas of society, does it not? 192 00:10:56,280 --> 00:11:00,640 When it comes to cannabis, the question is, you know, what are we actually missing out 193 00:11:00,640 --> 00:11:01,640 on financially? 194 00:11:01,640 --> 00:11:06,900 I mean, we put out an economic paper which shows over the four year forward estimates, 195 00:11:06,900 --> 00:11:11,880 if you legalize recreational cannabis alone, $1.25 billion to the government. 196 00:11:11,880 --> 00:11:15,280 Now that's not a small change. 197 00:11:15,280 --> 00:11:21,000 If we then focused on the whole cannabis plant, including industrial hemp, then you'd actually, 198 00:11:21,000 --> 00:11:25,880 did you know, for example, a farmer with a hectare of wheat would earn about $700, $800 199 00:11:25,880 --> 00:11:27,120 per hectare. 200 00:11:27,120 --> 00:11:32,080 If you then planted cannabis or hemp and were able to use the whole plant, if regulations 201 00:11:32,080 --> 00:11:36,800 were changed so the whole plant could be used, can you guess what that hectare would be worth? 202 00:11:36,800 --> 00:11:38,840 Have a guess. 203 00:11:38,840 --> 00:11:42,120 I'll tell you, $23 million per hectare. 204 00:11:42,120 --> 00:11:43,120 Wow. 205 00:11:43,120 --> 00:11:47,560 It's not only the financial impact, you've also got the environmental impact because 206 00:11:47,560 --> 00:11:51,120 it absorbs carbon dioxide. 207 00:11:51,120 --> 00:11:56,360 Well, apart from that, it's the carbon capture, but it also is a phyto remedial. 208 00:11:56,360 --> 00:12:00,480 You can plant it in polluted ground and it'll take up the pollutants and you can extract 209 00:12:00,480 --> 00:12:01,480 them. 210 00:12:01,480 --> 00:12:05,640 So a mine site which needs to be redeveloped, you can plant hemp and you can take out the 211 00:12:05,640 --> 00:12:06,640 contaminants. 212 00:12:06,640 --> 00:12:09,400 You can take out the chemicals from, say, the hydrocarbon industry. 213 00:12:09,400 --> 00:12:12,320 You can remove those very efficiently if you know this. 214 00:12:12,320 --> 00:12:16,880 But more importantly, you can actually turn the topsoil from a few centimeters into one 215 00:12:16,880 --> 00:12:22,120 and a half meters and the microbiome, the bacteriology of the soil is transformed. 216 00:12:22,120 --> 00:12:24,240 You can use that soil now for a multitude of things. 217 00:12:24,240 --> 00:12:29,880 So if you plant hemp in a rotation crop, you can now get better yields on your lupins, 218 00:12:29,880 --> 00:12:32,760 on your wheat, anything you want to plant. 219 00:12:32,760 --> 00:12:34,840 Then you've got the water connection. 220 00:12:34,840 --> 00:12:36,280 You can actually save the water. 221 00:12:36,280 --> 00:12:41,400 For example, planting hemp in the Kimberley area to help reduce the impact of floods. 222 00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:46,340 And then in our area here, if you plant that, you've now got microclimate change because 223 00:12:46,340 --> 00:12:47,760 you're getting ground cover. 224 00:12:47,760 --> 00:12:51,480 You're getting here the absorption of carbon dioxide. 225 00:12:51,480 --> 00:12:55,520 They're putting back into the atmosphere of water vapor. 226 00:12:55,520 --> 00:12:59,960 We're now getting here the chance to actually improve our climate in small areas. 227 00:12:59,960 --> 00:13:02,080 If you plant in large amounts, huge amounts. 228 00:13:02,080 --> 00:13:07,320 And also, you look at things like managing the forests here, cutting down old trees. 229 00:13:07,320 --> 00:13:08,440 Don't do that. 230 00:13:08,440 --> 00:13:09,440 Plant hemp. 231 00:13:09,440 --> 00:13:15,360 You can make from that wonderful industrial woods, which will last for 30, for 90 years, 232 00:13:15,360 --> 00:13:21,520 still capturing carbon, and are wonderful woods, very solid, very strong, very lasting. 233 00:13:21,520 --> 00:13:27,000 And this can be used in building, in flooring, in so many applications, furniture, and it's 234 00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:28,000 wonderful stuff. 235 00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:31,960 And you've got two or three crops a year and you're getting the carbon credits. 236 00:13:31,960 --> 00:13:35,640 So, generally, the possibilities are immense. 237 00:13:35,640 --> 00:13:39,800 And socially, for giving people jobs in the area who are now without a job because of 238 00:13:39,800 --> 00:13:43,000 their sawmills being shut down, will have a future. 239 00:13:43,000 --> 00:13:47,480 And look beyond that, the innovative approaches to using hemp as a material. 240 00:13:47,480 --> 00:13:48,480 You can use that. 241 00:13:48,480 --> 00:13:53,440 There's someone I know making bullet and bomb proof protection using hemp with Kevlar and 242 00:13:53,440 --> 00:13:54,440 carbon fiber. 243 00:13:54,440 --> 00:13:55,440 Isn't that something wonderful? 244 00:13:55,440 --> 00:13:56,440 We could stand this in this space. 245 00:13:56,440 --> 00:13:57,440 That is incredible. 246 00:13:57,440 --> 00:13:58,440 That is so incredible. 247 00:13:58,440 --> 00:14:01,440 We could even make it into a battery. 248 00:14:01,440 --> 00:14:08,080 We can turn hemp into batteries and we can even create from sunlight using a hemp wall 249 00:14:08,080 --> 00:14:10,080 into electricity for the house. 250 00:14:10,080 --> 00:14:16,120 And when you build a house using hemp, you don't need to heat the home or cool the home 251 00:14:16,120 --> 00:14:19,840 in winter or summer because it's actually temperature controlling. 252 00:14:19,840 --> 00:14:20,840 It's wonderful stuff. 253 00:14:20,840 --> 00:14:24,200 So the people who have trouble with their budgets, as most of us do, you don't have 254 00:14:24,200 --> 00:14:25,200 to pay for your air conditioning. 255 00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:29,320 You don't have to pay for your heating because it's taken care of with the building material 256 00:14:29,320 --> 00:14:31,760 and it insulates against sound as well. 257 00:14:31,760 --> 00:14:32,760 Fantastic material. 258 00:14:32,760 --> 00:14:33,760 It is. 259 00:14:33,760 --> 00:14:35,720 That is just absolutely amazing. 260 00:14:35,720 --> 00:14:38,080 And I believe it can be used to make clothing as well. 261 00:14:38,080 --> 00:14:39,080 So it's so multifaceted. 262 00:14:39,080 --> 00:14:40,080 For centuries, thousands of years. 263 00:14:40,080 --> 00:14:41,080 Yeah. 264 00:14:41,080 --> 00:14:42,080 Yes, thousands of years. 265 00:14:42,080 --> 00:14:44,200 And it's comfortable, nice clothing as well. 266 00:14:44,200 --> 00:14:45,200 You should try it. 267 00:14:45,200 --> 00:14:49,280 There's a place in Margaret River, the Margaret River Hemp Company, which can control the 268 00:14:49,280 --> 00:14:50,280 clothing. 269 00:14:50,280 --> 00:14:51,280 Wonderful stuff. 270 00:14:51,280 --> 00:14:54,720 That's really well worth investing in by hemp. 271 00:14:54,720 --> 00:15:00,040 So I feel like I'm getting a little bit off track here as incredibly valuable as this 272 00:15:00,040 --> 00:15:01,600 information is. 273 00:15:01,600 --> 00:15:07,040 So jumping back to the brain, are there sort of short term and long term effects on brain 274 00:15:07,040 --> 00:15:08,360 function and behaviour? 275 00:15:08,360 --> 00:15:09,360 Yes. 276 00:15:09,360 --> 00:15:11,480 We actually have an endocannabinoid system. 277 00:15:11,480 --> 00:15:16,600 That's discovered in 1996 and it's still not taught in medical schools. 278 00:15:16,600 --> 00:15:19,640 The function of that system is to actually balance the body, homeostasis. 279 00:15:19,640 --> 00:15:24,760 In fact, we make our own endocannabinoids and andamide is one of them. 280 00:15:24,760 --> 00:15:29,040 And you could even postulate we've got an endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome, but we 281 00:15:29,040 --> 00:15:31,920 need more cannabis to actually balance the body. 282 00:15:31,920 --> 00:15:38,840 Now at a brain level, we're looking here at the transfer of neurotransmitters from one 283 00:15:38,840 --> 00:15:39,840 cell to the other. 284 00:15:39,840 --> 00:15:44,280 And if you look at the biochemistry, it's fascinating biochemistry, is how this balances 285 00:15:44,280 --> 00:15:46,560 out the neurotransmitters. 286 00:15:46,560 --> 00:15:51,840 For example, with anxiety, wonderful use of using cannabinoids, we've got CB1 and CB2 287 00:15:51,840 --> 00:15:56,720 receptors all over the body, but very particularly in the brain, which then has a wonderful effect 288 00:15:56,720 --> 00:15:59,840 at managing, well, as I said, anxiety and sleep. 289 00:15:59,840 --> 00:16:03,000 What happens with the sleep is you get actually normal REM sleep patterns. 290 00:16:03,000 --> 00:16:06,680 You wake up refreshed rather than drugged as you do with the sleeping tablets. 291 00:16:06,680 --> 00:16:12,700 With anxiety, we can actually get a very wonderful resolution of anxiety simply by use cannabis 292 00:16:12,700 --> 00:16:16,760 as needed, either as a regular oil or as the occasional inflammation. 293 00:16:16,760 --> 00:16:21,560 I've got a friend of mine, there's a PhD in this, who can show you the biochemistry. 294 00:16:21,560 --> 00:16:27,400 It's absolutely mind blowing, the structure of how our body is made and how by depriving 295 00:16:27,400 --> 00:16:30,400 ourselves of cannabis, we're actually asking for sickness to develop. 296 00:16:30,400 --> 00:16:33,360 So we really need to put this out here. 297 00:16:33,360 --> 00:16:36,120 Cannabis is a healthy healing herb, not a danger. 298 00:16:36,120 --> 00:16:37,520 Yes, you can overuse it. 299 00:16:37,520 --> 00:16:42,000 You can do bad things with it, but you've got to work at it as a healing plant is very, 300 00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:43,000 very useful. 301 00:16:43,000 --> 00:16:45,880 That just blows my mind. 302 00:16:45,880 --> 00:16:52,200 We've spoken about some of the different uses for it and some of the other benefits include 303 00:16:52,200 --> 00:16:56,840 what we talked about, pain relief, neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory effects. 304 00:16:56,840 --> 00:16:59,040 I'm not sure if I'm pronouncing this correctly. 305 00:16:59,040 --> 00:17:00,040 Anxiolytic effect. 306 00:17:00,040 --> 00:17:01,040 Anxiolytics, yes. 307 00:17:01,040 --> 00:17:02,040 Yes. 308 00:17:02,040 --> 00:17:03,040 Treating anxiety, yes. 309 00:17:03,040 --> 00:17:07,400 Antidepressant and epilepsy management. 310 00:17:07,400 --> 00:17:12,680 So how does it protect the brain from cell damage and neurodegeneration? 311 00:17:12,680 --> 00:17:15,080 Well, it's very interesting. 312 00:17:15,080 --> 00:17:19,120 When I was a medical student, I learned in neurology that once a brain cell is gone, 313 00:17:19,120 --> 00:17:20,120 it's gone forever. 314 00:17:20,120 --> 00:17:21,520 That's not true. 315 00:17:21,520 --> 00:17:24,880 Cannabis actually is able to help regenerate brain cells. 316 00:17:24,880 --> 00:17:26,520 So you get more brain cells. 317 00:17:26,520 --> 00:17:29,600 And the second, and even more interesting, is that the connections between the brain 318 00:17:29,600 --> 00:17:30,600 cells can be increased. 319 00:17:30,600 --> 00:17:34,960 So you get more brain cells which have more connection and therefore you could actually 320 00:17:34,960 --> 00:17:40,760 help to protect the brain against, for example, concussive damage on the footy oval or indeed 321 00:17:40,760 --> 00:17:41,760 injuries. 322 00:17:41,760 --> 00:17:47,400 Indeed, we can possibly use it post stroke to help with the recovery from that. 323 00:17:47,400 --> 00:17:51,760 Neuroprotective is actually an anti-inflammatory effect and cannabis has a number of anti-inflammatory 324 00:17:51,760 --> 00:17:52,760 properties. 325 00:17:52,760 --> 00:17:56,600 Nice and gentle and they don't cause any adverse effects. 326 00:17:56,600 --> 00:18:00,520 But it's very useful in helping the brain not to get over-inflamed and therefore suffer 327 00:18:00,520 --> 00:18:01,520 damage. 328 00:18:01,520 --> 00:18:06,040 There's many mechanisms you could look at but in essence, broad-brush strokes, that's 329 00:18:06,040 --> 00:18:07,040 what we're dealing with. 330 00:18:07,040 --> 00:18:08,920 Kind of going off a little bit of a tangent here. 331 00:18:08,920 --> 00:18:15,880 So with what you said about cell regeneration, that sounds like, and I don't know a whole 332 00:18:15,880 --> 00:18:21,440 lot about this, but peripheral neuropathy, that sounds like something that could assist 333 00:18:21,440 --> 00:18:24,320 with that, that would help with cell regeneration. 334 00:18:24,320 --> 00:18:29,360 Well, no, that's possibly true but peripheral neuropathy is very nasty and difficult to 335 00:18:29,360 --> 00:18:32,920 treat and the medication is actually quite nasty with side effects. 336 00:18:32,920 --> 00:18:39,640 However, cannabis and especially using the THC components is very useful at reducing 337 00:18:39,640 --> 00:18:43,280 the pain of a peripheral neuropathy and it's certainly something I would recommend as a 338 00:18:43,280 --> 00:18:45,120 first-line treatment. 339 00:18:45,120 --> 00:18:49,840 Very much safer than the current medications like the gabapentin and similar products. 340 00:18:49,840 --> 00:18:51,720 Gosh, that's so interesting. 341 00:18:51,720 --> 00:18:57,880 And I read a little bit about can help reduce the likelihood of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. 342 00:18:57,880 --> 00:18:59,280 Can you talk me through that a little bit? 343 00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:01,960 Well, actually, yes, cannabis is very useful. 344 00:19:01,960 --> 00:19:05,200 It doesn't stop the generation of Alzheimer's. 345 00:19:05,200 --> 00:19:07,320 It slows progression and that's very nice. 346 00:19:07,320 --> 00:19:10,920 So you can actually get reduced rate of worsening of dementia. 347 00:19:10,920 --> 00:19:14,120 So at an early stage, you can maybe hold it off indefinitely. 348 00:19:14,120 --> 00:19:17,720 We don't know, it hasn't been properly studied but the assumption is there and that needs 349 00:19:17,720 --> 00:19:18,720 to be tested. 350 00:19:18,720 --> 00:19:23,520 And the patients I've used it on, the partners have said that they've actually improved, 351 00:19:23,520 --> 00:19:27,200 that the progression hasn't been as fast as they would have expected. 352 00:19:27,200 --> 00:19:31,280 But also you can treat the symptoms quite nicely, this wandering, this confusion or 353 00:19:31,280 --> 00:19:32,280 state. 354 00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:36,480 You can actually get the behavioral change which is very, very pleasant. 355 00:19:36,480 --> 00:19:43,080 I'm just so gobsmacked, I think is the word, as to why we're having so much resistance 356 00:19:43,080 --> 00:19:48,980 to changing these laws so that we can help people and that people don't have to live 357 00:19:48,980 --> 00:19:53,360 in pain or don't have to put up with some of these symptoms. 358 00:19:53,360 --> 00:19:54,360 I'll tell you why. 359 00:19:54,360 --> 00:19:58,520 It's because first of all, we've had 90 years of propaganda saying that it's supporting 360 00:19:58,520 --> 00:20:04,760 a racist xenophobic rant for political purposes in the USA and funded by lies. 361 00:20:04,760 --> 00:20:09,200 I think the science behind that has shown that everything we believe so far has been 362 00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:10,200 a lie. 363 00:20:10,200 --> 00:20:13,480 But what we have now is a very justifiable concern, could THC cause damage? 364 00:20:13,480 --> 00:20:15,800 For example, could it cause psychosis? 365 00:20:15,800 --> 00:20:19,480 And therefore if we allow that to happen, then we have a problem. 366 00:20:19,480 --> 00:20:20,840 So we shouldn't allow that. 367 00:20:20,840 --> 00:20:23,960 Now this fear of THC is holding everything back. 368 00:20:23,960 --> 00:20:28,520 For example, if I want to give industrial hemp to cows to eat, it's oh, but I get THC 369 00:20:28,520 --> 00:20:30,640 in the meat and it'll cause people to have a high. 370 00:20:30,640 --> 00:20:34,880 Well, a question I asked in parliament is, well, okay, assuming that is true, how many 371 00:20:34,880 --> 00:20:37,560 whole cows do I have to eat to get one particular high? 372 00:20:37,560 --> 00:20:41,760 Three cows I have to eat and one goat to get one high. 373 00:20:41,760 --> 00:20:44,320 Guys, get your act together. 374 00:20:44,320 --> 00:20:48,880 And because we're frightened of THC, there's regulations in place written by people who 375 00:20:48,880 --> 00:20:53,920 are basically status quo thinkers thinking in the past based on propaganda and lies. 376 00:20:53,920 --> 00:20:57,440 And so because of that, the whole hemp industry has been shut down. 377 00:20:57,440 --> 00:21:01,560 Well, a charitable view might be that the government needs to protect the people from 378 00:21:01,560 --> 00:21:04,240 things it doesn't know it needs to be protected from. 379 00:21:04,240 --> 00:21:06,880 And they're saying that THC could possibly be dangerous. 380 00:21:06,880 --> 00:21:08,320 It causes psychosis, they think. 381 00:21:08,320 --> 00:21:09,560 It can affect the brain. 382 00:21:09,560 --> 00:21:12,200 It can make children go crazy. 383 00:21:12,200 --> 00:21:16,360 And so very properly, they want to say, well, we're not sure if it's safe or not. 384 00:21:16,360 --> 00:21:22,080 So what they're not realizing is that they're following fear of THC, which has been proven 385 00:21:22,080 --> 00:21:23,080 to be wrong. 386 00:21:23,080 --> 00:21:27,360 In the last year, we had about 6,000 deaths due to alcohol, zero deaths due to THC. 387 00:21:27,360 --> 00:21:31,040 In fact, the last 20 years, no deaths due to THC. 388 00:21:31,040 --> 00:21:32,600 It can be misused in the high doses. 389 00:21:32,600 --> 00:21:33,800 It's not a good thing. 390 00:21:33,800 --> 00:21:40,600 But having fear of THC and therefore you build regulations which prevent the whole hemp industry, 391 00:21:40,600 --> 00:21:45,320 we're now actually saying goodbye to about $20 billion worth of trade, which could well 392 00:21:45,320 --> 00:21:48,520 offset things like our iron ore exports. 393 00:21:48,520 --> 00:21:52,200 And so we're actually digging a hole for ourselves economically because we're frightened of 394 00:21:52,200 --> 00:21:55,360 something about which we have no need to fear. 395 00:21:55,360 --> 00:21:59,840 And because of this, the whole cannabis and the whole hemp industry is being blocked. 396 00:21:59,840 --> 00:22:02,320 I can see why, but they're completely wrong. 397 00:22:02,320 --> 00:22:08,000 And I really don't understand this when it's been shown to be quite financial benefit in 398 00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:09,000 other countries. 399 00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:10,000 I mean, they have it in America. 400 00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:11,000 They have it in Amsterdam. 401 00:22:11,000 --> 00:22:16,680 Well, if you look at what the AMA, the Australian Medical Association, is saying, I think the 402 00:22:16,680 --> 00:22:20,120 week before, an article that came out about our bill we're putting in, and they were 403 00:22:20,120 --> 00:22:22,240 saying, oh, it's associated with schizophrenia. 404 00:22:22,240 --> 00:22:23,240 We shouldn't allow this. 405 00:22:23,240 --> 00:22:24,240 It's bad. 406 00:22:24,240 --> 00:22:28,480 And what they were doing was they were quoting false information that we know that cannabis 407 00:22:28,480 --> 00:22:30,200 does not cause schizophrenia. 408 00:22:30,200 --> 00:22:34,600 It might be associated with psychosis, but what they're not recognizing is that a bigger 409 00:22:34,600 --> 00:22:37,160 association with psychosis is with tobacco. 410 00:22:37,160 --> 00:22:39,600 It causes more of a problem than cannabis. 411 00:22:39,600 --> 00:22:42,280 And even worse for psychosis is alcohol. 412 00:22:42,280 --> 00:22:47,040 And they're okay with alcohol and tobacco being sold, but they're not okay with cannabis. 413 00:22:47,040 --> 00:22:52,560 This whole thing is just based on false information or prejudice and not really being aware of 414 00:22:52,560 --> 00:22:53,840 the science. 415 00:22:53,840 --> 00:22:59,240 So what's then the difference between THC and CBD? 416 00:22:59,240 --> 00:23:06,880 And does it depend on what your diagnosis is as to which one is more suited to you? 417 00:23:06,880 --> 00:23:08,160 That's a really good question. 418 00:23:08,160 --> 00:23:12,320 Well, first of all, THC and CBD are two of the 80 or more cannabinoids. 419 00:23:12,320 --> 00:23:15,680 There's plenty more to talk about, but they're not that commonly present. 420 00:23:15,680 --> 00:23:17,880 They're in much smaller quantities. 421 00:23:17,880 --> 00:23:24,520 For example, CBG is a very useful cannabinoid, which can be transformed into other cannabinoids. 422 00:23:24,520 --> 00:23:27,600 And that's the one which we give to refractory epilepsy children. 423 00:23:27,600 --> 00:23:30,240 It's very, very useful in managing that. 424 00:23:30,240 --> 00:23:34,000 So THC, there's Delta-8 and Delta-9, there's variations of that. 425 00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:36,640 There's the acid form of that, which these are different effects. 426 00:23:36,640 --> 00:23:41,520 In fact, that lab test you've got in the urine for saying, oh, you've got THC in your system, 427 00:23:41,520 --> 00:23:44,440 is testing a metabolite of THC, which isn't actually active. 428 00:23:44,440 --> 00:23:48,040 And so we're looking here at the chemistry of a very complex plant. 429 00:23:48,040 --> 00:23:52,360 And we've really got to get to grips with the understanding that only certain parts 430 00:23:52,360 --> 00:23:55,560 of the plant in certain volumes could pose a problem. 431 00:23:55,560 --> 00:23:57,520 The rest is absolutely fine. 432 00:23:57,520 --> 00:24:01,880 It's just understanding how to use what's called a healthy healing herb, how to use 433 00:24:01,880 --> 00:24:02,880 it properly. 434 00:24:02,880 --> 00:24:09,080 And because science has banned its use, because it's been forbidden from consideration at 435 00:24:09,080 --> 00:24:16,400 most levels of medical care until the 1960s when it began to become investigated in Israel, 436 00:24:16,400 --> 00:24:18,760 we haven't had the chance to examine it properly. 437 00:24:18,760 --> 00:24:22,720 And so the medical knowledge is way behind where we should be. 438 00:24:22,720 --> 00:24:28,040 So you can understand why people are reluctant, because it's ignorance and unwillingness 439 00:24:28,040 --> 00:24:31,440 to go into a new area, because, well, our parents didn't do this, our grandparents 440 00:24:31,440 --> 00:24:33,440 didn't do this, therefore we're not going to do it. 441 00:24:33,440 --> 00:24:35,880 It's blind, it's not clever. 442 00:24:35,880 --> 00:24:37,240 But that's what we are having to deal with. 443 00:24:37,240 --> 00:24:41,040 And that, really, is where I as a politician need to be active, because part of my job 444 00:24:41,040 --> 00:24:44,880 is to educate the people, the politicians, and of course my colleagues, the doctors. 445 00:24:44,880 --> 00:24:47,800 So your passion on this subject really shines through. 446 00:24:47,800 --> 00:24:54,800 Is there anything as a nation that we can do to help these changes come about? 447 00:24:54,800 --> 00:25:01,520 I think the first thing we need to do is recognise as a people that our politicians are way behind. 448 00:25:01,520 --> 00:25:03,640 They're in a system which is not serving the people. 449 00:25:03,640 --> 00:25:07,320 People have little respect for politicians, and rightly so too, because we're keeping 450 00:25:07,320 --> 00:25:11,240 people stuck in the back, and we've got no real progress. 451 00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:13,840 Both parties are the same, both sides are the same. 452 00:25:13,840 --> 00:25:14,840 We need new thinking. 453 00:25:14,840 --> 00:25:19,360 But the new thinking is stopped by the civil servants, the highly paid civil servants, 454 00:25:19,360 --> 00:25:21,960 behind them, whose only function is to keep things the way they were. 455 00:25:21,960 --> 00:25:25,360 So we've got a system there which is not serving the people. 456 00:25:25,360 --> 00:25:29,720 Now, I think, as one of the people, I would want to get up on my hind legs and say, this 457 00:25:29,720 --> 00:25:31,160 is not good enough. 458 00:25:31,160 --> 00:25:32,960 We need a new way forward. 459 00:25:32,960 --> 00:25:37,760 And for that, we need a people which is passionate and educated and willing to stand up and make 460 00:25:37,760 --> 00:25:38,760 their voices heard. 461 00:25:38,760 --> 00:25:43,400 And so, yes, I would encourage the people to find out about this, make up their own 462 00:25:43,400 --> 00:25:47,880 minds and then decide, I am going to take part in doing something that will change, 463 00:25:47,880 --> 00:25:53,320 shift the equation, like they did for voluntary sister dying, like they did for gay marriage, 464 00:25:53,320 --> 00:25:55,400 like in fact they did for homosexual laws. 465 00:25:55,400 --> 00:25:59,280 Because it wasn't so long ago, but 40 years back, the punishment for being gay was about 466 00:25:59,280 --> 00:26:00,280 21 years in prison. 467 00:26:00,280 --> 00:26:03,640 We've moved way beyond that, let's do the same for cannabis, shall we? 468 00:26:03,640 --> 00:26:06,920 And while we're about it, what about other things which need to be addressed? 469 00:26:06,920 --> 00:26:10,920 How about, for example, should we treat people who have committed a crime as people to be 470 00:26:10,920 --> 00:26:13,440 punished and given a hard time? 471 00:26:13,440 --> 00:26:18,200 Or do we want to go the Scandinavian model and help to rehabilitate, properly rehabilitate? 472 00:26:18,200 --> 00:26:22,400 Do we want to continue using prison as a de facto place for harboring people with mental 473 00:26:22,400 --> 00:26:27,440 health issues and leave them untreated to discharge them to make the same mistakes again? 474 00:26:27,440 --> 00:26:32,280 Or do we want to actually physically change what we do because it's better for the people, 475 00:26:32,280 --> 00:26:35,680 it saves us money, it saves us the police, it saves us the court time. 476 00:26:35,680 --> 00:26:36,880 Let's have a new way of thinking. 477 00:26:36,880 --> 00:26:40,080 A lot of things have to be thought new. 478 00:26:40,080 --> 00:26:43,360 And if we're stuck in the old ways, we're not going to get any systemic change and we 479 00:26:43,360 --> 00:26:44,640 need systemic change. 480 00:26:44,640 --> 00:26:46,400 And that really is what I'm about. 481 00:26:46,400 --> 00:26:49,960 It's not just about cannabis, I'm wanting to change the system. 482 00:26:49,960 --> 00:26:56,960 I love talking to you, you're so progressive and it's really enlightening, it really is. 483 00:26:56,960 --> 00:27:01,000 We are running sort of towards the end of time, but, and I've kind of done this a little 484 00:27:01,000 --> 00:27:06,400 bit back to front today, but how did you get into this to start with? 485 00:27:06,400 --> 00:27:10,200 So what led you to sort of investigate medical cannabis? 486 00:27:10,200 --> 00:27:14,280 The first thing that happened was I found that there was more to cannabis than I had 487 00:27:14,280 --> 00:27:15,280 been led to believe. 488 00:27:15,280 --> 00:27:17,400 I first of all thought that was just for drug seekers. 489 00:27:17,400 --> 00:27:18,400 No, I was wrong. 490 00:27:18,400 --> 00:27:22,400 My first contact was actually with a man who wanted to kill himself, a lovely man who used 491 00:27:22,400 --> 00:27:24,880 to break horses for a living until they broke him. 492 00:27:24,880 --> 00:27:27,680 He was living in a doner and he wanted to kill himself. 493 00:27:27,680 --> 00:27:32,000 So we happened to have some available cannabis because it's in the country and so he used 494 00:27:32,000 --> 00:27:35,040 that and he came in about two days later with a smile across his face. 495 00:27:35,040 --> 00:27:38,040 He says, Dr. Lee says, I can live again. 496 00:27:38,040 --> 00:27:39,680 And life was saved. 497 00:27:39,680 --> 00:27:45,080 And the next thing I discovered when I began to prescribe with great difficulty the first 498 00:27:45,080 --> 00:27:49,520 initial cannabis products, the oils, and what I discovered to my amazement is that people's 499 00:27:49,520 --> 00:27:50,800 thinking became clearer. 500 00:27:50,800 --> 00:27:53,600 They weren't becoming confused or greened out. 501 00:27:53,600 --> 00:27:56,120 They were actually able to think better. 502 00:27:56,120 --> 00:27:59,720 And so that made me realize that all I'd learned about cannabis in the past was wrong. 503 00:27:59,720 --> 00:28:00,720 I got angry. 504 00:28:00,720 --> 00:28:04,000 I had been lied to my whole clinical career by people who thought they were doing the 505 00:28:04,000 --> 00:28:05,000 right thing. 506 00:28:05,000 --> 00:28:06,000 They were lying to me. 507 00:28:06,000 --> 00:28:07,640 So I began this process of discovering for myself. 508 00:28:07,640 --> 00:28:09,320 That's how I got into it. 509 00:28:09,320 --> 00:28:11,000 Thank you so much for sharing. 510 00:28:11,000 --> 00:28:14,560 It's been such a pleasure to have you on and have a chat. 511 00:28:14,560 --> 00:28:19,520 And I would love to maybe talk to you again about mental health and some of the other 512 00:28:19,520 --> 00:28:22,280 different topics that we could look into. 513 00:28:22,280 --> 00:28:23,920 Let's begin to shift the dial, shall we? 514 00:28:23,920 --> 00:28:24,920 Yes. 515 00:28:24,920 --> 00:28:25,920 There's so much we need to do. 516 00:28:25,920 --> 00:28:26,920 Let's shift that dial. 517 00:28:26,920 --> 00:28:27,920 Amazing. 518 00:28:27,920 --> 00:28:28,920 Thank you. 519 00:28:28,920 --> 00:28:29,920 It's a pleasure. 520 00:28:29,920 --> 00:28:52,920 Thank you. 521 00:31:00,920 --> 00:31:01,920 Thank you. 522 00:31:01,920 --> 00:31:29,920 Thank you. 523 00:31:31,920 --> 00:31:33,920 Thank you. 524 00:32:01,920 --> 00:32:03,920 Thank you. 525 00:32:31,920 --> 00:32:33,920 Thank you. 526 00:33:01,920 --> 00:33:03,920 Thank you. 527 00:33:31,920 --> 00:33:33,920 Thank you. 528 00:34:01,920 --> 00:34:03,920 Thank you. 529 00:34:31,920 --> 00:34:33,920 Thank you. 530 00:35:01,920 --> 00:35:03,920 Thank you. 531 00:35:31,920 --> 00:35:33,920 Thank you. 532 00:36:01,920 --> 00:36:03,920 Thank you. 533 00:36:31,920 --> 00:36:33,920 Thank you. 534 00:37:01,920 --> 00:37:03,920 Thank you. 535 00:37:31,920 --> 00:37:33,920 Thank you. 536 00:38:01,920 --> 00:38:03,920 Thank you. 537 00:38:31,920 --> 00:38:33,920 Thank you. 538 00:39:01,920 --> 00:39:03,920 Thank you. 539 00:39:31,920 --> 00:39:33,920 Thank you. 540 00:40:01,920 --> 00:40:03,920 Thank you. 541 00:40:31,920 --> 00:40:33,920 Thank you. 542 00:41:01,920 --> 00:41:03,920 Thank you. 543 00:41:31,920 --> 00:41:33,920 Thank you. 544 00:42:01,920 --> 00:42:03,920 Thank you. 545 00:42:31,920 --> 00:42:33,920 Thank you. 546 00:43:01,920 --> 00:43:03,920 Thank you. 547 00:43:31,920 --> 00:43:33,920 Thank you. 548 00:44:01,920 --> 00:44:03,920 Thank you. 549 00:44:31,920 --> 00:44:33,920 Thank you. 550 00:45:01,920 --> 00:45:03,920 Thank you. 551 00:45:31,920 --> 00:45:33,920 Thank you. 552 00:46:01,920 --> 00:46:03,920 Thank you. 553 00:46:31,920 --> 00:46:33,920 Thank you.