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Hi, I'm Quinn Carmighi. Welcome to Manifestation, Motivation and Passion. If you're looking

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to transform by delving into brain science, sacred inner wisdom and want to heal and feel

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great about your life and live in your powerful loving centre, whilst bringing affluence into

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your world, then tune in and let's evolve together.

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Jen Ashold grew up in Western New York and has been a PT for over three decades. Has

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worked in multiple treatment environments including travel PT. Out of her love for PT

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and helping others to empower themselves, she was drawn to both pain science and health

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coaching. Jen has completed a fellowship in pain science with evidence in motion and

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is an eager learner and has also studied lifestyle medicine and positive intelligence. Jen loves

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and has been teaching since 1998 with companies in Chicago, Virginia, Colorado and internationally.

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Jen has owned a small private practice since 2007. Outside of PT and coaching, Jen is a

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passionate mum to three, mostly grown kids, I understand that one, while seeking laughter

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and connection with others. As the saying goes, laughter is good medicine and Jen wholeheartedly

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agrees. Let's connect and get ready for some learning, smiles and even laughter today.

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Hi Jen, thanks for joining us. Thank you so much for having me, Quinn. I'm excited. Thank

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you for joining me. Perhaps we can jump straight into it. We're going to discuss chronic pain

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today and how does that differ, please, from acute pain? What a very good question. Well,

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I'll start by saying that pain is a universal experience. All of us experience pain and

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there's a very, very small segment of people that are born with the inability to feel pain.

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Most of us do not like pain, however, it is protective and those who have this condition

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where they don't feel pain, they actually don't live very long and an easy way to understand

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that is if you put your hand on a hot stove and you don't feel it because you have this

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condition, then this is going to very quickly turn into a problem for you. That's usually

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an aha moment for my clients who would think not having pain would be the most wonderful

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experience ever. The reality is pain is protective and if we go to this difference between acute

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pain and chronic pain, acute pain is more closely related to when we've had an injury

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or a surgery and a sprained ankle is a great place to start. So if you're hiking on a trail

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and you sprain your ankle and you feel pain, we would put that in the category of acute

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pain. We know that the way tissues heal, our muscles, our ligaments, these are very, very

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well researched and documented and we know that the bulk of those tissues are going to

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heal in generally three to six months. And so when we have people that have pain for

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a prolonged period of time, this could be months, years and even decades, we have to

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get a little bit more curious about pain beyond the physical, musculoskeletal tissues. All

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pain also has a component of the tissue health and also psychology and sociology and the

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framework that we work from is something called a biopsychosocial model. And what that means

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is that all pain has some biology to it, some psychology to it and some sociology to it.

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And when somebody has an ankle sprain or they just had a tooth removed, the piece of the

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biology pie is going to be much bigger and that's what we see with people who have acute

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pain. And then the longer people have pain, after we know the tissues are healed, then

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we have to get more curious about the psychology piece and the sociology piece. That might

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be a good overview and then I'm curious as to how I can dive deeper with you.

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Wow, that's a lot of information. So then how does I guess chronic pain impact a person's

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daily life and overall wellbeing?

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Wow, the answer is it is a unique experience for everyone and I have seen people who have

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been in pain for 30 plus years. Pain impacts all areas of your life and it impacts it differently

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for each of us. We have FMRI studies which are fancy brain scans that show us that there

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are nine different parts of the brain that are potentially involved in any pain experience

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and for each person that's going to be unique. And for somebody who it's the part of their

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brain that handles digestion, this may be somebody who shows up with more irritable

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bowel symptoms. And for somebody who's really having trouble remembering doctor's appointments,

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this might be affecting the memory and concentration part of their brain. And we can kind of go

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on and on in that area. And so the way I like to describe this is if you think about one

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of your favorite foods, so what's one of your favorite foods?

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Custard or chocolate.

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Custard?

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Yeah. I have a sweet tooth.

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Homemade custard?

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Pardon? Oh, I'm not fussy.

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Homemade custard?

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I don't mind.

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You're not fussy. Well, we're going to say homemade custard because it will make my metaphor

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be easier to understand.

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Okay.

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So there are many ingredients in custard. There are eggs, there's sugar, there's milk,

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there's vanilla, there's other spices. And what is it that makes custard amazing?

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Oh, it's warm liquid ooziness. It's sweetness. It's homely. It reminds me of my Nana.

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Oh, I love how you just brought in your Nana. So you have a very emotional connection to

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custard and people have an emotional connection to their pain experience. Someone who sprains

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their ankle on a job that they hate and they're poorly treated is going to have a different

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pain experience than someone who sprains their ankle on their honeymoon and they're having

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the time of their life and they happen to sprain their ankle. So that is a great thing

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that you highlighted.

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The other piece of our custard example is that the custard isn't amazing because of

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one ingredient. We need all of those ingredients to create that custard. And for you, we need

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the emotional connection and the love of your Nana. And so pain is no different. Everyone's

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pain experience is unique. How it shows up in their brain will be in these different

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parts, but how it shows up is going to be different to them because all of us have had

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different experiences and exposures and beliefs and education that got us to this point. And

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that can be helpful because sometimes it's really frustrating for people to say have

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had a back surgery and really struggle and wonder, well, my sister had back surgery and

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she's fine, my neighbor had back surgery. And that's because it's much more complicated

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than merely the health of the musculoskeletal tissues.

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I really like that you've said that it is different for everyone and it depends on your

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psychosocial status at the time. So my question is how, given that you can't, pain is something

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that you feel. So how do you study that? How do neuroimaging techniques help researchers

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study and visualize chronic pain in the brain because we can't see it? Do you know what

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I mean? Like we can't, like, well, you might be able to because, I don't know, like neuroscientists

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and that might be able to, but how do they see it? How do they research it? Because it's

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not something that is seen. Well, to my knowledge.

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It can be seen and the reason we know so much more about the way pain works now since the

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nineties then before is because of fMRI scans and spec scans and all of these fancy scanners.

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Prior to this, we've been working on a model that goes back literally three and a half

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centuries. Rene Descartes told us pain is either physical or psychological. We now know

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from these fMRI studies that pain always has a physical and an emotional component. And

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we know that pain is not derived from the tissues. We require the tissues to feel it.

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However, it's actually an output of the brain. So I'm going to slow down a little bit with

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this because this can be hard for people to kind of grasp. Never are we saying people

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are making up pain. All pain is real. That's the most important bottom line. And the way

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we get to pain is I often use a story of stepping on a nail. Do you want to go through this

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story with me? Oh, absolutely. All right. So let's just say that you're walking and

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you step on a rusty nail. Do you want to know that you've stepped on a rusty nail? It would

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be painful. Let's go there. It would be painful and you'd look at it and this would provide

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valuable information. Oh, I've stepped on a rusty nail. I need to check for nails in

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the area. I need to make sure my tetanus is up to date. I need to clean the wound and

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maybe put a band-aid on it. Now, if you hadn't felt that pain, you wouldn't have known. You

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wouldn't have received that information to do those other things. So when you look at

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it that way, can you see how pain is valuable and protective? Absolutely. Absolutely. And

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have a friend that works in the disability sector and has someone that can't feel heat.

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They don't have that sensation so they need someone with them to make sure they don't

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burn themselves. So I understand from that perspective that the pain is a very needed

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sensation to alert us to danger. Exactly. So let's keep going. So now you've received

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that information. How do we get to the experience of pain? People know what pain feels like

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but it's very hard for people to define pain. We do not have pain nerves and we do not have

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pain sensors. What we have and to use your word is we have danger sensors and the fancy

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science name is a nociceptor. This takes the information to the spinal cord and then it

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takes it up to the brain and then the brain will decide, yes, this is important. Quinn

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needs to know what's going on and then you will feel pain. So does it make sense? Oh

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sorry. Are there specific areas of the brain then that are associated with chronic pain?

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No, there are nine different parts of the brain that have the potential to participate

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in any particular pain experience. And the challenge we have is when someone shifts from

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more that acute pain into the chronic pain, then those parts of their brain are busy,

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we call that being in a pain meeting. So instead of taking care of digestion, that part of

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your brain is busy in pain and so this shows up as somebody with irritable bowel symptoms.

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If the musculoskeletal part of your brain is busy in the pain meeting, then this shows

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up as sore muscles, tired muscles, fatigued muscles. It's similar to when we are in meetings

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all day, people aren't getting things done in the meeting because they are not able to

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focus on their regular job. And so with chronic pain, we want to get those parts of the brain

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out of the pain meeting so to speak so that they can get back to their regular job. How

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does one go about doing that? Ah, great question. Can we go back to our nail story because that

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would make more sense. Absolutely. Okay, great. So now we know that the information travels

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on a danger sensor up to the brain and the brain says, Quinn, you stepped on a nail.

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Now does it make sense that it's going to take longer for our foot to heal and for that

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messaging to calm down than to ramp up? I'm not sure I understand what you mean. Are you

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going to use me? Sorry about that. Your foot might be sore for a couple of days. Can we

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agree on that? Oh yeah, absolutely. Sorry, did you want to grab a drink? Yeah, I'm good.

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I have a drink right here so I apologize. Oh, okay. All right. So it will take longer

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to calm down than to ramp up and that's just the way the nervous system works. So that's

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good. We know that it's going to take longer to reach its baseline. And if your foot feels

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sore in the few days afterwards, you're not damaging the foot anymore. It's just that

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the sensitivity is still a little bit elevated. So in our nervous system, we have 400 nerves

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and they're all connected like a big crazy highway and it's about 45 miles in length.

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All of these nerves have a little bit of a low buzz all the time and it lets us know

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we're alive. So maybe your listeners can just imagine a scale of one to 10 or zero to 10

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and the nerves are buzzing along at a one all the time. When we step on the nail, we've

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crossed the threshold at 10 and then we expect it to come back down. The problem about one

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in four people, not only in the United States, but it's a similar statistics worldwide. The

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alarm never gets back to baseline. Really? So maybe it's staying at a seven or an eight.

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Right. So how does this impact us? This was your question. How does this impact us day

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to day? So if our nerves are buzzing at a one and we have from one to nine or 10 before

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we cross that threshold, that gives us so much room to do what we want to do and need

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to do every day. If someone has their nerves buzzing at seven or eight, the image, mental

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image, we have so little room to play and do and be before we cross that threshold.

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Sometimes it's easier to understand it with the example of an alarm on your house. If

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you have your alarm set and the alarm goes off, if a brick goes through the window, this

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is good, right? We want to know. We want the alarm to go off. Does that make sense? Yeah,

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sure. Okay, great. Now, if the sensitivity of the alarm is elevated or changed and a

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leaf hits the window and your alarm goes off, is that helpful? That would scare the bejesus out of me.

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No. I'm like that. So you know what? Pain does scare the bejesus out of people. And so

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oftentimes it's not the state of the body. It is the state of the alarm. And so I'll tell

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my clients, I'm like, so if your alarm goes off, when a leaf hits the window, is your house okay?

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I would say it depends on how bad the damage is. If a leaf hits the window. Oh, sorry. If a leaf

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hits the window. Sorry. No, I would say the house is fine. Right. And so then I also ask my clients,

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I'm like, is it possible that your body, your house is okay? And we need to address the

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sensitivity of your alarm. And this is where we start to have differentiation. The longer

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people have had pain, our treatment strategies are different because it is still about the body

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and the brain. However, the way we go about it is different. And we have four main very well

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researched pillars and they are the power of education. We have amazing fMRI scans of showing

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people and the way the brain is responding. For those who don't know, what is the fMRI?

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FMRI stands for functional MRI. And it is a scan that people have. And in this case, it's of the

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brain. So people are able, the scientists are able to see in real time what's going on in the brain.

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Perfect. Sorry, keep going. Yes. Sorry about that. Yes. That's all right. And so they have scans of

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people and before the education, you can see the brain's response to the painful motion. And then

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they do the education and you can see how beautifully the brain calms down after a small

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amount of education. So the power here is that one of our key treatments is helping people

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understand pain. And it is very, very powerful. Our other three main pillars are sleep. Sleep is

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essential because sleep is when we heal and many other amazing necessary things happen in sleep.

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I'm kind of a sleep geek. That's really difficult though. Oh, sorry. That's really difficult though

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when you're in pain to try and get to sleep. Yes. And that is a topic that I talk with my clients

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about. Many people think that because of their pain, it's impacting their sleep. And it's true,

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it's a two-way street. Pain impacts sleep, but the research actually shows that the quality of our

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sleep impacts pain a little bit more. And there are many different things we can do to address sleep.

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The three main areas that I address with my clients is looking at sleep hygiene, sometimes some very

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simple hygiene changes can make a world of difference. Looking at their airway, how efficient is

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their airway? Because if we're not breathing through our nose at night, we are impacting the

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quality of our sleep. And then the third area is nutrition and supplementation. Vitamin D is very

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important for sleep. We know that the microbiome or the environment of our gut, gut health is

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really important for sleep, as well as things like magnesium. So these are all areas that I address

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with my clients to help improve their sleep. Gosh, you're just a wealth of information. Sorry, keep

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going. Oh, say that again? I said you're a wealth of information. Yes, absolutely. And then the final

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area is having goals. So we know that for our clients, this is no different than any coaching

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scenario. Having goals helps us get to our final destination with little goals along the way.

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And in addition to those four, we also have 22 other areas. We call this PNE plus. PNE stands for

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pain, neuroscience, education, using these stories like we just talked about to help people understand

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the complexities of pain. The 22 plus are other areas that are evidence-based reading. We have

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research to support them to help reduce pain. This really puts the client in the driver's seat.

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They get to choose, oh, this sounds great. Oh, I already like doing arts and crafts and this can

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help my pain. Amazing. I already love to do yoga. I already love to do journaling. And so we're then

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taking these additional strategies to create the best plan for each client. So can chronic pain be

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overcome to a point where it reaches sort of that acute pain or you do eventually get over it? Are

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there ways to rewire the brain so that you're no longer in pain? We are able to rewire the brain.

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It takes understanding of pain, the willingness to get curious about their pain, the willingness

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to get curious about things in the environment that may influence their pain and what can we do

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to reduce the pain experience? Pain management is a very common term. However, we pain science geeks,

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we like to say that we are treating pain rather than managing pain. We don't want to get rid of

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pain. We want to get their pain to a place where it is helpful and protective. Absolutely. And

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Adrian Lowe is one of my pain science mentors and he says pain is normal. Living in pain is not.

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And so that's what we're trying to get people back to. I have one client as you asked that question,

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she came to mind. I saw her a few years ago. I was her 27th provider in 10 months. That is a lot of

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physical therapy and other interventions. And she and I worked together for a while and she did have

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this goal of going on a trip to Budapest. When we started, she was only walking one to two minutes

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and just this past summer or spring, she sent me a picture of her in Budapest. And it was amazing

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because I didn't work with her for the whole time, but she had the tools and the strategies and she

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kept working at it even after we finished our work together. And I think that mental aspect is

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really important, having those tools to then be able to continue on, which it sounds like what

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you're providing. Right. Yes, it is about empowering the client for sure. And at the same time,

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if we have these, we know that the gold standard is combining education and exercise. So if someone

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is only going to do or willing to do two things, it is those two that are an amazing combination.

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And so I don't know if your listeners are familiar. Okay. Oh, sorry. From that PT perspective,

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how do you go about getting that motivation up so people not only do it with you, but then

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continue to do it at home? Because I think that's really one of the key factors is helping people to

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empower themselves. But I think when you're in chronic pain, you might not always see those

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benefits straight away. So how do you keep that motivation up? You are absolutely right. That's

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part of the reason why we use the stories to help people understand the complexity of pain.

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For a lot of people who really think the main source of pain is in their shoulder or their knee

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or their back, understanding that story of how the sensitive alarm can be responsible for a bulk of

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their pain experiences helps them to be willing to try something different. And we also use a lot of

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coaching and motivational interviewing when working with chronic pain clients, because you're right,

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it really doesn't matter how much knowledge I have, unless they are willing to learn these

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learn these concepts and then apply them themselves, we're not going to get anywhere. And so the

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importance of coaching and meeting the client where they are is so very important because if I

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tell them they need to walk 20 minutes a day, because that's what research says, that doesn't

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matter if they're not going to do it. And I had one client once and she was very well aware that

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exercising 30 minutes a day was the recommendation. And we started talking and I said, Are you willing

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to exercise 15 minutes a day? And she said, No. I said, Okay, 10 minutes. No, we got all the way

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down. I said, Are you willing to exercise one minute a day? And she's like, Yeah, of course I am.

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And I was like, Okay, that's where we start. And that's exactly where she started. And this idea of

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working with the client, utilizing the tools and skills of motivational interviewing helps them

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shift and show up for themselves. Because that's really what's important is them showing up for

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themselves. Well, you just packaged that so well. That's been absolutely amazing. Thank you for all

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your information. We are going to have to wrap it up because we've got to that point already. It

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seems to come around too quick. And I have all these questions I haven't had the chance to ask

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you. But for anyone else that is wanting to perhaps get in contact with you, what's the best way for

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someone to find you? For information on the physical therapy and the pain science, my website is

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180therapyandwellness.com therapy and wellness is spelled out. Another compliment that we haven't

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talked about is mental fitness. And that website is iriseforeme.com I R I S E F O R M E.com.

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And anyone that's interested in emailing me, I would love to hear from you and answer questions.

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And my email is Jen at iriseforeme.com. Wow, perfect. Thank you again. That has been

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an absolute pleasure. And like I said earlier, you're an absolute wealth of knowledge. I just

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wish we had more time. So perhaps we can schedule another one down the track. I would love to

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schedule another one because there's so many other concepts that we can help people understand.

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Because the more people understand, the less pain they will have. And we will treat each other

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better. Absolutely. Absolutely. Thank you again for talking to you again.

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I'm Quinn Carnegie and I hope you enjoyed this week's episode of Manifestation, Motivation and

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Passion. I'm so thrilled you chose to spend time listening and would be even more grateful if you

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left a positive review. And if you found value, no doubt your family and friends will too. I'd

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love it if you share it with them. Thanks again.

