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15. Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably

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managed forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt

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biodiversity loss. More than a quarter of species assessed by

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the IUCN Red List are threatened with extinction. The proportion of species threatened with

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extinction are 41% of amphibians, 34% of conifers, 33% of reef-building corals, 26% of mammals,

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and 14% of birds. The IUCN Red List tracks data on more than

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134,000 species of mammals, birds, amphibians, reef-building corals, and conifers. More

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than 37,000 species are threatened with extinction.

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Progress to safeguard key biodiversity areas has stalled over the last five years. Global

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mean percentage of each key biodiversity area covered by protected areas 2021 are 43% of

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terrestrial biomes, 42% of freshwater biomes, and 41% of mountain biomes.

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Progress has been made toward sustainable forest management, but the world has lost

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100 million hectares of forest in two decades. Almost all countries have adopted legislation

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for preventing or controlling invasive alien species. Invasive alien species negatively

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affect the native biodiversity and cost the global economy billions of dollars annually.