1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,720 I'm Olivia and I'm Drew and we... 2 00:00:02,720 --> 00:00:06,720 I don't know why I always feel awkward after the end like I have to say something like yes we are 3 00:00:06,720 --> 00:00:13,040 but it's like do I have to say it like that? What should I say after? Nothing? Just not an agreement. 4 00:00:13,040 --> 00:00:13,920 It's not changing. 5 00:00:15,120 --> 00:00:15,620 What? 6 00:00:15,620 --> 00:00:21,440 You're just going because every time you're like what do we say? How do we... How do I say hello? 7 00:00:21,440 --> 00:00:21,920 I know. 8 00:00:22,640 --> 00:00:24,080 How do we say bye? 9 00:00:24,080 --> 00:00:28,720 That's even harder somehow. 10 00:00:28,720 --> 00:00:29,920 How do I say bye? 11 00:00:32,880 --> 00:00:40,080 So I feel weird asking you how you've been because we've been talking about it. 12 00:00:40,080 --> 00:00:42,960 The last time we talked and it was being recorded 13 00:00:44,160 --> 00:00:45,440 it was right before I went on a trip. 14 00:00:46,160 --> 00:00:46,720 Yes. 15 00:00:46,720 --> 00:00:52,960 So since then I have been on a trip to out of the country and then been on my own 16 00:00:52,960 --> 00:01:00,160 mental health trip back inside the country of post-trip sadness and then also 17 00:01:01,520 --> 00:01:06,000 post-trip why did I spend so much money? You know that? 18 00:01:06,000 --> 00:01:07,440 Oh yes. Yeah definitely. 19 00:01:08,080 --> 00:01:13,360 It's like so you go on a trip for two weeks and then you come back and you pay off your trip 20 00:01:13,360 --> 00:01:18,640 for the next eight weeks and you're like I saved money for this trip and it didn't matter. 21 00:01:20,160 --> 00:01:21,200 But you had a good time. 22 00:01:21,200 --> 00:01:22,240 I did have a good time. 23 00:01:22,240 --> 00:01:22,800 Yeah. 24 00:01:22,800 --> 00:01:24,160 I went to Japan. 25 00:01:25,600 --> 00:01:26,480 It was so beautiful. 26 00:01:26,480 --> 00:01:32,320 I want and the next time I go you should come. 27 00:01:32,880 --> 00:01:33,440 Yes. 28 00:01:33,440 --> 00:01:37,520 I have always wanted to go to Japan. 29 00:01:37,520 --> 00:01:38,720 I always want to go to Japan. 30 00:01:38,720 --> 00:01:42,160 I always want to go to Japan and I would love to go back to Taiwan. 31 00:01:42,160 --> 00:01:43,760 Yes and then we could record there. 32 00:01:45,760 --> 00:01:49,920 Yeah you need to go back to Taiwan even though since I've been back there has been 33 00:01:50,480 --> 00:01:51,600 several earthquakes. 34 00:01:51,600 --> 00:01:52,000 Yes. 35 00:01:52,000 --> 00:02:00,400 Since not very many casualties because the infrastructure is insanely amazing. 36 00:02:01,760 --> 00:02:05,840 But just like that the earth just be wanting to take Taiwan out. 37 00:02:05,840 --> 00:02:08,560 I know and Taiwan's like you'll never take us. 38 00:02:08,560 --> 00:02:09,440 I know. 39 00:02:09,440 --> 00:02:10,480 China can't have us. 40 00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:12,160 You can't have us. 41 00:02:13,680 --> 00:02:14,640 Oh gosh. 42 00:02:16,160 --> 00:02:20,400 But yeah I think I'm okay. 43 00:02:20,400 --> 00:02:21,680 I'm doing okay. 44 00:02:22,640 --> 00:02:23,360 How are you doing? 45 00:02:23,920 --> 00:02:25,040 I'm good. 46 00:02:25,760 --> 00:02:30,720 Since the last time we recorded I started a new slash old job. 47 00:02:31,840 --> 00:02:32,320 That's right. 48 00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:35,840 So that's been good. 49 00:02:36,480 --> 00:02:43,040 I like my job and my body has also just been falling apart more than usual. 50 00:02:44,480 --> 00:02:49,200 I have gotten sick like three times since we recorded. 51 00:02:49,200 --> 00:02:54,240 I know and then I felt like when it was finally you were like I'm good now. 52 00:02:54,240 --> 00:02:56,400 I was like actually now I'm not good. 53 00:02:58,000 --> 00:02:58,960 Oh boy. 54 00:02:58,960 --> 00:03:02,640 It's like life outside of a podcast is really hard. 55 00:03:02,640 --> 00:03:02,960 Yeah. 56 00:03:02,960 --> 00:03:05,360 If I could just get if we could get paid to do this. 57 00:03:05,360 --> 00:03:06,400 That would be amazing. 58 00:03:06,960 --> 00:03:09,200 So that's why it's been a while. 59 00:03:10,400 --> 00:03:16,800 Travel and jobs and mental and physical deterioration. 60 00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:18,400 Yeah. 61 00:03:20,240 --> 00:03:21,520 We're like I am hunnable. 62 00:03:23,120 --> 00:03:23,360 Very. 63 00:03:24,720 --> 00:03:27,600 Which is kind of fitting for our topic today. 64 00:03:28,240 --> 00:03:31,760 Just like last time it's themed right and you start. 65 00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:33,120 Go first. 66 00:03:33,120 --> 00:03:34,560 And it's medical. 67 00:03:34,560 --> 00:03:35,360 Medical. 68 00:03:35,360 --> 00:03:35,600 Yeah. 69 00:03:36,320 --> 00:03:45,440 Oh and we also I will be posting a picture on our Instagram because I have a cute new 70 00:03:45,440 --> 00:03:51,200 plague doctor squishable that my mom got me that I think goes with our theme very well. 71 00:03:51,200 --> 00:03:51,520 Yeah. 72 00:03:51,520 --> 00:03:53,280 I think he's actually now our mascot. 73 00:03:53,280 --> 00:03:55,040 I think he should be our mascot too. 74 00:03:55,040 --> 00:03:55,120 Yeah. 75 00:03:55,120 --> 00:03:57,680 We have to share his name which is. 76 00:03:57,680 --> 00:04:02,320 It's Wilson not like cast away but like Dr. Wilson from house. 77 00:04:02,320 --> 00:04:02,800 Yeah. 78 00:04:02,800 --> 00:04:03,040 Yeah. 79 00:04:05,520 --> 00:04:06,000 Okay. 80 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:20,000 So anyway I got really obsessed with yellow fever when I read the book fever 1793 in school. 81 00:04:20,640 --> 00:04:21,920 Oh I've always wanted to read them. 82 00:04:21,920 --> 00:04:22,560 Yeah. 83 00:04:22,560 --> 00:04:22,800 Yeah. 84 00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:29,520 It's called fever 1793 by Laurie Halls Anderson and I read it in I think it was middle school. 85 00:04:29,520 --> 00:04:29,840 Okay. 86 00:04:29,840 --> 00:04:33,040 And I got so obsessed with learning about yellow fever. 87 00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:40,560 And then I started listening to this podcast will kill you and was very excited when they 88 00:04:40,560 --> 00:04:43,600 did an episode all about the origin of yellow fever. 89 00:04:44,720 --> 00:04:50,080 So I'm going to start with how yellow fever is spread. 90 00:04:50,560 --> 00:04:51,120 Okay. 91 00:04:51,120 --> 00:04:58,000 So yellow fever is a vector born disease meaning that it is transmitted by mosquitoes. 92 00:04:58,720 --> 00:04:59,280 And it has. 93 00:04:59,280 --> 00:05:00,080 The worst. 94 00:05:00,080 --> 00:05:02,480 I know mosquitoes are little devils. 95 00:05:02,480 --> 00:05:03,520 Little devils. 96 00:05:03,520 --> 00:05:06,320 And it has a similar transmission to malaria. 97 00:05:07,040 --> 00:05:12,960 It's spread by the 80s Egypti mosquito and. 98 00:05:12,960 --> 00:05:13,600 The 80s. 99 00:05:14,480 --> 00:05:16,880 80s like AEDS. 100 00:05:16,880 --> 00:05:18,880 Oh okay like they don't have the gypti. 101 00:05:18,880 --> 00:05:20,640 They don't have like Aquanet hair. 102 00:05:23,520 --> 00:05:26,560 And those mosquitoes transmit the disease. 103 00:05:26,560 --> 00:05:30,160 If that mosquito has blue eye shadow on you better watch yourself. 104 00:05:30,880 --> 00:05:31,280 Truly. 105 00:05:31,280 --> 00:05:34,880 Also can I interject something random about mosquitoes. 106 00:05:34,880 --> 00:05:40,800 Sure when I was in Taiwan because mosquitoes there are huge because it's it's a tropical place 107 00:05:40,800 --> 00:05:43,440 because it's like the same latitude as. 108 00:05:45,760 --> 00:05:46,560 Hawaii. 109 00:05:46,560 --> 00:05:48,080 So it's kind of like you kind of get the vibe. 110 00:05:49,120 --> 00:05:55,680 But mosquitoes would kind of avoid me and my friend that I was traveling with until we had eaten 111 00:05:55,680 --> 00:05:59,200 more local food and then mosquitoes are into us. 112 00:05:59,200 --> 00:06:02,720 We probably smelled a little too like where are you from. 113 00:06:02,720 --> 00:06:04,400 They're like what are you. 114 00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:07,040 Yeah I just thought that was funny that mosquitoes are like no thanks. 115 00:06:07,040 --> 00:06:07,920 That is really funny. 116 00:06:07,920 --> 00:06:09,360 Yeah they have they have preferences. 117 00:06:09,360 --> 00:06:10,160 They have preferences. 118 00:06:10,160 --> 00:06:10,400 Yeah. 119 00:06:12,240 --> 00:06:16,720 So those mosquitoes also transmit the disease vertically to their offspring. 120 00:06:17,280 --> 00:06:23,280 So that contributes even more to the spread because they're also then spreading the disease to their own offspring. 121 00:06:23,280 --> 00:06:23,760 Yikes. 122 00:06:23,760 --> 00:06:29,920 And there's basically no hope of eradicating it completely due to its enzoootic cycle. 123 00:06:30,640 --> 00:06:38,400 So that's in the mosquito population and it's also spread through primates as well. 124 00:06:39,440 --> 00:06:40,240 Yeah. 125 00:06:40,240 --> 00:06:45,360 Scientists originally believed that the disease was spread through miasma or bad air. 126 00:06:46,560 --> 00:06:48,880 Much like the black plague. 127 00:06:48,880 --> 00:06:51,360 They thought that was spread through miasma as well. 128 00:06:51,360 --> 00:06:51,760 False. 129 00:06:51,760 --> 00:06:54,880 Yes. Yeah sorry a little plague doctor your mask isn't helping. 130 00:06:55,600 --> 00:07:00,960 But much later it discovered that it was a vector-borne disease and led to the development 131 00:07:00,960 --> 00:07:02,640 of the vaccines that we use today. 132 00:07:03,360 --> 00:07:08,960 And it most likely originated from West Africa and arrived as a result of the slave trade. 133 00:07:10,160 --> 00:07:16,800 Just another negative connotation to don't get people to do things for free. 134 00:07:16,800 --> 00:07:18,000 I know I'm like guess what. 135 00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:21,920 But it's your fault for bringing people against their will. 136 00:07:21,920 --> 00:07:24,160 Yes I think that's on you. 137 00:07:24,160 --> 00:07:24,800 Yeah. 138 00:07:24,800 --> 00:07:26,720 And sorry not sorry. 139 00:07:26,720 --> 00:07:33,600 Yeah mosquitoes live near areas of water so they most likely arrive via the barrels of water that were 140 00:07:33,600 --> 00:07:35,360 often kept on slave ships. 141 00:07:36,560 --> 00:07:43,200 And now I will go over what the symptoms are of yellow fever which are not very nice. 142 00:07:43,200 --> 00:07:43,520 Uh oh. 143 00:07:44,400 --> 00:07:46,000 I'm like do I have yellow fever? 144 00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:46,640 I'll find out. 145 00:07:46,640 --> 00:07:47,360 I'll tell you then. 146 00:07:47,360 --> 00:07:47,600 No. 147 00:07:48,960 --> 00:07:55,280 I'm like well if you do you definitely don't have the like worst type. 148 00:07:55,280 --> 00:07:56,160 Okay good. 149 00:07:56,160 --> 00:08:03,280 So it has a three to six day incubation period and the first symptoms are fever, headache, 150 00:08:03,280 --> 00:08:05,440 back pain, chills and vomiting. 151 00:08:05,440 --> 00:08:11,760 So that initial period can like be mistaken for a lot of other diseases just because it's pretty 152 00:08:12,800 --> 00:08:14,960 general flu like symptoms. 153 00:08:14,960 --> 00:08:21,360 And then 15% of cases go into the second phase which includes recurring fever, 154 00:08:22,320 --> 00:08:25,920 jaundice which contributes to the yellow part of yellow fever. 155 00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:27,280 Oh okay I was wondering. 156 00:08:27,280 --> 00:08:32,160 Bleeding from eyes, mouth and GI tract and kidney failure. 157 00:08:32,160 --> 00:08:33,760 Oh no. 158 00:08:33,760 --> 00:08:34,400 Yeah. 159 00:08:35,200 --> 00:08:38,320 And uh bloody vomit too. 160 00:08:38,320 --> 00:08:39,200 No. 161 00:08:39,200 --> 00:08:39,760 That's fun. 162 00:08:39,760 --> 00:08:46,880 The fatality rate is 15 to 20% or higher and there's no treatment other than supportive therapy 163 00:08:46,880 --> 00:08:54,160 or prevention through vaccination and the vaccine that we have today is an attenuated vaccine 164 00:08:54,160 --> 00:08:55,920 which means it's a live virus. 165 00:08:56,720 --> 00:09:04,000 And currently as of today it is endemic in Africa and South America so that's where it's most common. 166 00:09:05,200 --> 00:09:07,920 It is spread other places as well. 167 00:09:07,920 --> 00:09:10,640 As well but that is where most cases are. 168 00:09:12,000 --> 00:09:18,880 The first outbreak of yellow fever recorded was in 1647 in the Isle of Barbados and an 169 00:09:18,880 --> 00:09:24,800 outbreak was recorded by Spanish colonists in the Yucatan Peninsula and the indigenous 170 00:09:24,800 --> 00:09:31,360 Mayan people called the illness I think it's pronounced sickic which means blood vomit. 171 00:09:31,360 --> 00:09:32,400 Oh gosh. 172 00:09:32,400 --> 00:09:32,720 Yeah. 173 00:09:32,720 --> 00:09:43,760 So that was the only thing I could really find about the 1647 outbreak but we will be talking 174 00:09:43,760 --> 00:09:45,200 about several other outbreaks. 175 00:09:45,200 --> 00:09:45,520 Okay. 176 00:09:46,480 --> 00:09:54,480 So in 1793 Philadelphia was the perfect place for an outbreak as it was surrounded by marshes, 177 00:09:54,480 --> 00:09:57,360 swamps and holes in the ground that held rainwater. 178 00:09:58,000 --> 00:10:02,160 It was also a port city importing goods and slaves at their docks. 179 00:10:02,160 --> 00:10:03,200 He said Philadelphia. 180 00:10:03,200 --> 00:10:03,440 Yes. 181 00:10:04,480 --> 00:10:10,320 So was Benjamin Franklin dodging yellow fever? 182 00:10:10,320 --> 00:10:10,720 Probably. 183 00:10:10,720 --> 00:10:11,120 Probably. 184 00:10:11,920 --> 00:10:12,880 Alexander Hamilton. 185 00:10:15,760 --> 00:10:16,480 When did he die? 186 00:10:16,480 --> 00:10:16,880 I don't know. 187 00:10:18,480 --> 00:10:19,120 I don't remember. 188 00:10:19,120 --> 00:10:20,320 Don't come from me anyone. 189 00:10:20,320 --> 00:10:24,240 I'm like I only know him from his hit Broadway show. 190 00:10:24,240 --> 00:10:27,680 Oh right. 191 00:10:27,680 --> 00:10:35,120 In 1793 the yellow fever in Philadelphia killed 5,000 or more people just between 192 00:10:35,120 --> 00:10:39,680 August 1st and November 9th and by the end of September 20,000. 193 00:10:39,680 --> 00:10:40,560 Can you imagine? 194 00:10:40,560 --> 00:10:47,840 I'm just thinking that is like prime humidity era too and the east coast is just like can 195 00:10:47,840 --> 00:10:50,960 you imagine it's like hot and everyone's dying? 196 00:10:50,960 --> 00:10:51,600 No. 197 00:10:51,600 --> 00:10:54,800 That's like my least favorite, two least favorite things together. 198 00:10:55,520 --> 00:10:56,880 Humidity and people dying. 199 00:10:58,960 --> 00:11:03,520 By the end of September 20,000 people had fled the city including officials. 200 00:11:04,240 --> 00:11:10,000 So anyone that was left was like sucks for you there's no officials to organize anything. 201 00:11:10,000 --> 00:11:10,640 A fissure. 202 00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:20,560 The mortality rate peaked in October before frost finally killed mosquitoes and doctors tried 203 00:11:20,560 --> 00:11:26,000 various treatments but no one knew at the time that the disease was being transmitted by mosquitoes 204 00:11:27,120 --> 00:11:33,280 and there was a fever hospital organized and they requested assistance from the free 205 00:11:33,280 --> 00:11:38,480 African people society because they mistakenly believed that people of African descent would 206 00:11:38,480 --> 00:11:41,200 have partial immunity like they did with malaria. 207 00:11:42,000 --> 00:11:46,800 So black nurses aided the sick and black men were hired to take away the dead which 208 00:11:46,800 --> 00:11:48,640 most people would not touch. 209 00:11:48,640 --> 00:11:53,840 Unfortunately as you can imagine the black aid workers got sick and died at the same rate as 210 00:11:53,840 --> 00:12:01,840 non-black people and as citizens were fleeing Philadelphia other cities such as Baltimore and 211 00:12:01,840 --> 00:12:06,880 New York City had a quarantine against refugees refugees from Philadelphia. 212 00:12:06,880 --> 00:12:14,880 However New York did send financial aid which was very nice of them and this part so during 213 00:12:14,880 --> 00:12:23,520 the Civil War many soldiers died from yellow fever and this this guy Dr. Luke Pryor Blackburn 214 00:12:23,520 --> 00:12:26,320 was nicknamed Dr. Black Vomit. 215 00:12:26,320 --> 00:12:27,200 Oh gosh. 216 00:12:27,200 --> 00:12:32,880 Because he sent clothes soiled by yellow fever to the northern states in an attempt to win the war. 217 00:12:32,880 --> 00:12:38,320 He also attempted to send more soiled clothing and blankets to Abraham Lincoln 218 00:12:38,320 --> 00:12:44,640 which I'm like what what kind of plan is that what kind of care package. 219 00:12:44,640 --> 00:12:49,680 I know and I'm like man Abraham Lincoln just dodging assassination attempts everywhere and 220 00:12:49,680 --> 00:12:50,800 then eventually not. 221 00:12:50,800 --> 00:12:53,600 He's like Martha this blanket smells terrible. 222 00:12:53,600 --> 00:12:59,680 Wait no Mary Mary or Martha Mary Mary Mary sorry Martha. 223 00:13:01,680 --> 00:13:02,560 Martha Washington. 224 00:13:02,560 --> 00:13:05,600 Martha okay yeah that's why you're I take it back and here he goes. 225 00:13:05,600 --> 00:13:08,480 Mary this blanket smells awful. 226 00:13:08,480 --> 00:13:11,040 She's like why are you talking to Martha. 227 00:13:11,040 --> 00:13:13,040 Oh my gosh that's amazing. 228 00:13:15,040 --> 00:13:17,840 I just can't stop picturing Abraham Lincoln opening that package. 229 00:13:17,840 --> 00:13:23,920 I'm sure he didn't he had some guy that was like but I'm it's a funny image. 230 00:13:23,920 --> 00:13:24,560 It is. 231 00:13:24,560 --> 00:13:29,600 In 1878 there was a epidemic in Memphis. 232 00:13:29,600 --> 00:13:36,720 It was an El Nino year which caused it to be a lot warmer and caused it to rain more drawing more mosquitoes. 233 00:13:36,720 --> 00:13:42,400 City officials voted against a quarantine and there was a mass exodus in August 234 00:13:42,400 --> 00:13:49,600 and people were easily able to identify houses with dead bodies due to the residents being swarmed by flies. 235 00:13:49,600 --> 00:13:50,800 Oh no. 236 00:13:50,800 --> 00:13:51,600 Yeah. 237 00:13:51,600 --> 00:13:56,400 Dead bodies also accumulated as there was a shortage of dead bodies. 238 00:13:56,400 --> 00:14:01,680 Dead bodies also accumulated as there was a shortage of grave diggers 239 00:14:01,680 --> 00:14:08,800 and there is a mass grave in Memphis that holds 1500 unidentified victims of the plague. 240 00:14:08,800 --> 00:14:12,880 A third of the people that remained in Memphis died from the fever 241 00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:17,360 and the Yellow Fever Commission was formed after the Memphis epidemic 242 00:14:17,360 --> 00:14:20,640 and it was a team made up of four people based in Cuba. 243 00:14:20,640 --> 00:14:31,120 In 1886 Cuban doctor Carlos Finlay discovered that the disease was carried by the 80s Egypti mosquito 244 00:14:31,120 --> 00:14:37,200 but he was ridiculed for his theory at the time and it was only accepted 20 years later when Dr. 245 00:14:37,200 --> 00:14:39,040 Walter Reed confirmed his theory. 246 00:14:40,480 --> 00:14:45,440 The last major outbreak of yellow fever occurred in 1905 in New Orleans. 247 00:14:45,440 --> 00:14:53,120 The yellow fever vaccine was developed by Max Thaler in the 1930s and he received a Nobel Prize for his work 248 00:14:53,120 --> 00:14:58,000 which saved many lives but the disease risk is still high today. 249 00:14:58,000 --> 00:15:04,320 Urban disease spread can be controlled by public health interventions but the 250 00:15:04,320 --> 00:15:12,320 enzoootic and sylvatic cycles which is the mosquito and primates that carry this disease 251 00:15:12,320 --> 00:15:20,320 are much harder to control and the second cycle transmission can lead to larger outbreaks due 252 00:15:20,320 --> 00:15:29,200 to spillover from primate populations and a spillover event is when a disease spills over from 253 00:15:29,760 --> 00:15:36,560 animal populations into the human populations so like the SARS-CoV-2. 254 00:15:36,560 --> 00:15:36,880 Right. 255 00:15:38,320 --> 00:15:41,520 So yeah those those are scary. 256 00:15:41,520 --> 00:15:42,400 Yeah that is. 257 00:15:42,400 --> 00:15:50,400 Most recently cases of yellow fever have been reported in Brazil and Nigeria and yellow fever 258 00:15:50,400 --> 00:15:57,200 can be difficult to diagnose because it mimics other diseases like malaria, leptospirosis, 259 00:15:57,200 --> 00:15:59,280 and other hemorrhagic fevers. 260 00:16:00,400 --> 00:16:05,760 Modern prevention of the disease relies on vaccines because there is no antiviral treatment 261 00:16:05,760 --> 00:16:12,640 since the disease the disease is sylvatic cycle is so hard to control it's very important 262 00:16:13,280 --> 00:16:18,720 for researchers to see how yellow fever affects primates as well as what primates 263 00:16:18,720 --> 00:16:27,040 role in the spread of yellow fever is and as far as yellow fever today new areas of research 264 00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:29,600 have begun to focus on intervention planning. 265 00:16:29,600 --> 00:16:35,200 Some researchers are... reaches oh my gosh some Jack Reachers. 266 00:16:37,360 --> 00:16:44,480 Some researchers are using epidemiology data to assess vaccine impact and others are working 267 00:16:44,480 --> 00:16:46,400 on methods to predict outbreaks. 268 00:16:47,360 --> 00:16:53,520 Climate change also plays a huge role in the spread of yellow fever as it has increased the 269 00:16:53,520 --> 00:17:01,280 spread of mosquitoes and it's also creating more aggressive mosquitoes which is fun. 270 00:17:01,280 --> 00:17:02,160 The last thing we need. 271 00:17:02,960 --> 00:17:09,120 And deforestation also contributes as humans go into the deforested areas they're more likely 272 00:17:09,120 --> 00:17:17,360 to get into closer contact with the sylvatic cycle so deforestation is also another thing 273 00:17:17,360 --> 00:17:20,080 that is causing more spread of disease. 274 00:17:20,080 --> 00:17:25,920 So far I've learned slavery is bad deforestation is bad climate change is bad. 275 00:17:26,560 --> 00:17:27,200 What a concept. 276 00:17:27,200 --> 00:17:28,240 Mosquitoes are bad. 277 00:17:31,040 --> 00:17:36,800 Yeah yeah spillover events like the ones in Nigeria and Brazil show that there is a 278 00:17:37,360 --> 00:17:44,400 potential for the re-urbanization of the virus where it will be in more urban areas like 279 00:17:45,440 --> 00:17:48,400 like the Philadelphia and Memphis areas. 280 00:17:48,400 --> 00:17:54,800 It seems to be difficult to get definite numbers on how many people a year are getting 281 00:17:54,800 --> 00:18:04,000 infected by yellow fever but in 2013 84 to 170,000 people in Africa came down with this 282 00:18:04,880 --> 00:18:12,800 severe yellow fever and of those 29,000 to 60,000 died from yellow fever. 283 00:18:12,800 --> 00:18:20,240 The actual number of cases is most likely 10 to 150 times higher than reported. 284 00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:23,040 Oh my gosh. 285 00:18:23,040 --> 00:18:26,080 I know it's it's really scary. 286 00:18:26,640 --> 00:18:33,840 There is a lot more surveillance on episodic cases of spread among primates than there is 287 00:18:33,840 --> 00:18:36,720 of those among humans which I'm not really sure why. 288 00:18:37,440 --> 00:18:39,520 It's not being surveilled as well. 289 00:18:39,520 --> 00:18:48,240 And currently yellow fever is not a problem in Asia even though 80s Egypti are present in Asia. 290 00:18:48,960 --> 00:18:50,320 So they have more manners. 291 00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:56,480 Maybe but the potential of a much wider spread is there because all it would take would be 292 00:18:57,040 --> 00:19:01,520 for one infected person to spread to another. 293 00:19:01,520 --> 00:19:05,120 So I'm not sure why that's the case that it hasn't spread. 294 00:19:05,120 --> 00:19:06,240 That's really interesting. 295 00:19:06,240 --> 00:19:09,280 Yeah but as soon as one person got it 296 00:19:09,280 --> 00:19:10,640 don't encourage them. 297 00:19:10,640 --> 00:19:11,760 Don't give them the idea. 298 00:19:11,760 --> 00:19:16,720 I won't encourage them but the mosquitoes listening to this podcast you stay out of Asia. 299 00:19:16,720 --> 00:19:23,440 Let's just hope a lot of areas will require that you show that you've been vaccinated for 300 00:19:23,440 --> 00:19:26,960 yellow fever when you travel to different countries. 301 00:19:26,960 --> 00:19:27,680 That's true. 302 00:19:27,680 --> 00:19:29,360 It's called a yellow passport. 303 00:19:30,160 --> 00:19:32,480 Yeah I have worked with my job. 304 00:19:32,480 --> 00:19:38,240 I work sometimes in infectious disease and you have to be certified. 305 00:19:38,240 --> 00:19:41,920 I don't know where you get your certification but it's through the government. 306 00:19:42,640 --> 00:19:49,440 And doctors have to apply for the certification to give the vaccine to travel. 307 00:19:49,440 --> 00:19:50,240 Yeah. 308 00:19:50,240 --> 00:19:51,520 And it's kind of a big deal. 309 00:19:51,520 --> 00:19:54,560 And there's like only one in the area that has it. 310 00:19:54,560 --> 00:20:04,560 Yeah and this research is obviously very important but it's also really important due to the fact that 311 00:20:04,560 --> 00:20:11,360 it could lead to a spillover event so it could potentially be our next pandemic if it is not 312 00:20:11,360 --> 00:20:12,400 controlled. 313 00:20:12,400 --> 00:20:17,120 But yeah that's I hate to end it there. 314 00:20:17,120 --> 00:20:23,920 Yeah just when you go to bed at night just pray for no bloody vomit in your future. 315 00:20:23,920 --> 00:20:24,400 Yeah. 316 00:20:24,400 --> 00:20:26,320 Or however you want to think about it. 317 00:20:26,320 --> 00:20:28,560 Pray that there's no spillover event. 318 00:20:30,080 --> 00:20:32,720 I just don't like the the term spillover anyway. 319 00:20:32,720 --> 00:20:38,480 It just sounds like why are you letting this spill be over things. 320 00:20:38,480 --> 00:20:39,120 Yeah. 321 00:20:39,120 --> 00:20:41,760 But does it make any sense but in my head I'm like stop it. 322 00:20:41,760 --> 00:20:45,520 Talk to those bats and primates and mosquitoes. 323 00:20:46,800 --> 00:20:48,320 Yeah okay I will. 324 00:20:49,040 --> 00:20:54,720 So my sources for this episode were this podcast will kill you. 325 00:20:54,720 --> 00:20:56,560 Episode 10 on yellow fever. 326 00:20:56,560 --> 00:21:03,200 Our dearest friend Wikipedia and history of yellow fever in the U.S. 327 00:21:03,760 --> 00:21:06,480 by the American Society for Microbiology. 328 00:21:07,360 --> 00:21:13,120 And I also just wanted to say that I recommend in general if you are interested in learning about 329 00:21:13,680 --> 00:21:21,040 other diseases or spillover events hemorrhagic fevers any of that I highly recommend this podcast 330 00:21:21,040 --> 00:21:21,600 will kill you. 331 00:21:22,960 --> 00:21:25,200 It's hosted by two epidemiologists. 332 00:21:25,200 --> 00:21:30,720 Oh. And then I also recommend the book spillover by David Kwaman. 333 00:21:32,080 --> 00:21:41,360 He in the book he basically him and other scientists predicted that the next spillover 334 00:21:41,360 --> 00:21:46,880 epidemic would come out of China and be from bats and that was from before COVID. 335 00:21:46,880 --> 00:21:47,040 So. 336 00:21:47,840 --> 00:21:48,720 He's onto something. 337 00:21:49,360 --> 00:21:53,040 I read that during COVID because I'm a crazy person. 338 00:21:53,040 --> 00:21:54,880 But it was really interesting. 339 00:21:57,840 --> 00:21:59,920 Well he I guess he knows what he's talking about. 340 00:21:59,920 --> 00:22:00,320 He does. 341 00:22:00,320 --> 00:22:00,480 Yeah. 342 00:22:00,480 --> 00:22:01,840 You know I'll need to listen to him. 343 00:22:01,840 --> 00:22:09,040 But yeah it's very interesting he goes into different enzoootic diseases. 344 00:22:09,040 --> 00:22:09,280 Yeah. 345 00:22:09,280 --> 00:22:09,520 So. 346 00:22:10,160 --> 00:22:10,880 Very interesting. 347 00:22:11,600 --> 00:22:13,280 Rabies enzoootic. 348 00:22:14,960 --> 00:22:15,680 I don't remember. 349 00:22:15,680 --> 00:22:23,520 I don't think that would necessarily be considered a spillover event because it's not 350 00:22:24,800 --> 00:22:26,560 it's not like a epidemic. 351 00:22:26,560 --> 00:22:27,200 Yeah. 352 00:22:27,200 --> 00:22:27,760 That's true. 353 00:22:29,280 --> 00:22:34,320 They do I believe this podcast will kill you has an episode on rabies. 354 00:22:36,640 --> 00:22:37,120 It does. 355 00:22:37,120 --> 00:22:38,960 I remember it's really fascinating. 356 00:22:38,960 --> 00:22:40,480 It's been a while since I listened to that one. 357 00:22:40,480 --> 00:22:46,480 Mm-hmm. But also just another shout out to them because I love their podcast so much. 358 00:22:46,480 --> 00:22:51,920 They just did episodes on long COVID and chronic fatigue syndrome. 359 00:22:51,920 --> 00:22:52,320 Oh. 360 00:22:52,960 --> 00:22:55,120 Which was super. 361 00:22:55,120 --> 00:22:57,120 I need to listen to long COVID especially. 362 00:22:57,120 --> 00:22:57,360 Yeah. 363 00:22:58,000 --> 00:23:01,280 It's my asthma has turned into long COVID. 364 00:23:01,280 --> 00:23:06,320 I don't really have it so much anymore but the first time I got COVID it's like it just 365 00:23:06,320 --> 00:23:12,240 I mean like two years later it'll just rear its stupid head. 366 00:23:12,240 --> 00:23:12,400 Yeah. 367 00:23:12,960 --> 00:23:20,800 It's really interesting because like obviously I don't want anyone to have long COVID but 368 00:23:22,320 --> 00:23:28,240 long COVID seems to be more recognized and validated than chronic fatigue syndrome. 369 00:23:29,040 --> 00:23:34,800 I think because there's like a clear disease that it has resulted from. 370 00:23:34,800 --> 00:23:41,520 Right. So a lot of research that is going into long COVID is actually really beneficial for 371 00:23:41,520 --> 00:23:43,440 chronic fatigue syndrome as well. 372 00:23:43,440 --> 00:23:44,000 That's good. 373 00:23:44,000 --> 00:23:50,240 So because chronic fatigue is kind of a pandemic in its own right. 374 00:23:50,240 --> 00:23:50,960 Yeah. 375 00:23:50,960 --> 00:23:55,440 And for I guess I should say for those that don't know I have chronic fatigue syndrome. 376 00:23:55,440 --> 00:23:55,680 Yeah. 377 00:23:55,680 --> 00:23:57,200 That is why it's important to me. 378 00:23:58,480 --> 00:24:02,480 But I mean I want everyone to get the proper health care that they need. 379 00:24:02,480 --> 00:24:02,720 Right. 380 00:24:03,440 --> 00:24:04,400 And everyone should. 381 00:24:04,400 --> 00:24:04,880 They should. 382 00:24:06,400 --> 00:24:06,640 Yeah. 383 00:24:06,640 --> 00:24:08,400 But just don't get yellow fever. 384 00:24:08,400 --> 00:24:08,720 Yeah. 385 00:24:08,720 --> 00:24:11,920 If you can avoid it at all I would recommend not getting it. 386 00:24:11,920 --> 00:24:12,160 Right. 387 00:24:12,880 --> 00:24:13,600 Okay. 388 00:24:13,600 --> 00:24:14,480 That's super helpful. 389 00:24:18,160 --> 00:24:18,720 And thank you. 390 00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:20,000 I've learned so much today. 391 00:24:20,000 --> 00:24:20,640 Oh thank you. 392 00:24:21,920 --> 00:24:23,520 Just another reason to hate mosquitoes. 393 00:24:24,160 --> 00:24:24,640 I know. 394 00:24:25,760 --> 00:24:27,840 They just they carry so much disease. 395 00:24:27,840 --> 00:24:28,160 Yeah. 396 00:24:30,720 --> 00:24:30,960 Yeah. 397 00:24:30,960 --> 00:24:34,080 There's I don't know I don't really know what their benefit is. 398 00:24:34,080 --> 00:24:35,360 I just I don't know. 399 00:24:36,400 --> 00:24:38,160 There's gotta be something right. 400 00:24:38,160 --> 00:24:38,400 Yeah. 401 00:24:42,880 --> 00:24:46,480 Well are you ready for my story. 402 00:24:47,440 --> 00:24:47,920 Yes. 403 00:24:47,920 --> 00:24:51,120 Do you need a break for like drink or anything. 404 00:24:54,000 --> 00:24:54,640 Just want to check. 405 00:24:57,280 --> 00:24:57,600 Yes. 406 00:25:00,800 --> 00:25:01,200 Okay. 407 00:25:01,200 --> 00:25:03,040 So today I'm going to tell you. 408 00:25:03,040 --> 00:25:03,920 So Olivia. 409 00:25:03,920 --> 00:25:05,280 Olivia and dear listener. 410 00:25:06,880 --> 00:25:07,600 Listeners. 411 00:25:08,560 --> 00:25:09,840 Only one. 412 00:25:10,960 --> 00:25:14,000 About Lincolnu de la Seine. 413 00:25:14,640 --> 00:25:16,400 Which which is French. 414 00:25:16,400 --> 00:25:18,560 It means unknown woman of the Seine. 415 00:25:19,360 --> 00:25:24,720 Who is also known as the most kissed face in history. 416 00:25:24,720 --> 00:25:27,680 And you're going to find out why it's medically related. 417 00:25:27,680 --> 00:25:34,960 Maybe I'll just wait to give my my resources at the end like you did. 418 00:25:34,960 --> 00:25:36,640 Because that's I don't want to give anything away. 419 00:25:36,640 --> 00:25:37,040 Okay. 420 00:25:37,040 --> 00:25:37,440 Okay. 421 00:25:37,440 --> 00:25:47,760 So for over 60 years medical students have practiced CPR on dummy dolls. 422 00:25:49,120 --> 00:25:52,480 There's one in particular I'm sure you can imagine it in your head. 423 00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:56,640 Just like a very like kind of serene placid face. 424 00:25:56,640 --> 00:25:59,360 I'm sure we can think of the office episode. 425 00:26:01,040 --> 00:26:07,360 But this doll in particular is called Rasouci Annie or rescue Anne. 426 00:26:09,040 --> 00:26:14,320 And this is a doll that if you are aware you can press the chest and you can breathe air into 427 00:26:14,320 --> 00:26:16,960 the mouth whether with your own mouth or with a little device. 428 00:26:18,320 --> 00:26:25,280 And so this dummy is is built so that you can practice on not a human and not hurt them. 429 00:26:25,280 --> 00:26:26,000 So it's like. 430 00:26:26,000 --> 00:26:26,320 Yeah. 431 00:26:26,320 --> 00:26:26,800 Ideal. 432 00:26:28,320 --> 00:26:34,480 A lot of people didn't realize that this face on this dummy is actually based on a real person. 433 00:26:34,480 --> 00:26:35,520 I didn't. 434 00:26:35,520 --> 00:26:36,160 You didn't. 435 00:26:36,160 --> 00:26:37,280 No, not until you told me. 436 00:26:38,960 --> 00:26:45,360 And this is a face of not just some random person but a teenage girl who was found dead 437 00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:50,080 in the sun in Paris in the late 19th century. 438 00:26:50,080 --> 00:26:57,600 Her body was never identified but her face lived on in infamy for the rest of her little existence. 439 00:26:57,600 --> 00:27:01,840 It sounds like one of those creepy short stories you'd read in school. 440 00:27:01,840 --> 00:27:02,320 Yeah. 441 00:27:02,320 --> 00:27:07,520 You read it in school and at the end your teacher's like and now we're going to practice CPR on her face. 442 00:27:07,520 --> 00:27:08,240 And they're everywhere. 443 00:27:08,240 --> 00:27:09,120 All the kids scream. 444 00:27:09,920 --> 00:27:16,080 Okay, so we are starting in roughly 1881 in Paris. 445 00:27:16,080 --> 00:27:24,240 So Paris had built a morgue that could be seen through a plate glass window because when 446 00:27:25,200 --> 00:27:31,760 Paris officials would find unidentified bodies, they would take them to the morgue, clean them up, 447 00:27:31,760 --> 00:27:33,040 prop them up. 448 00:27:33,040 --> 00:27:39,680 So and they could be they said at 14 people at a time could fit in this this area and passersby 449 00:27:39,680 --> 00:27:46,160 could either just come and look because you know Victorian era Europe was unhinged. 450 00:27:46,160 --> 00:27:54,160 Just let's go take a walk by the dead bodies or primarily it was for identifying the unidentified 451 00:27:54,160 --> 00:27:54,960 already. 452 00:27:55,840 --> 00:27:56,720 Sorry, real quick. 453 00:27:56,720 --> 00:28:02,240 Whenever someone says that true crime is a new fad, I'm like hello, look at Victorian. 454 00:28:02,240 --> 00:28:02,800 Yeah. 455 00:28:02,800 --> 00:28:09,280 They're like, hey, on our date before we head to dinner, do you want to go pass by the dead body? 456 00:28:09,280 --> 00:28:11,840 Or like let's go watch a public execution. 457 00:28:11,840 --> 00:28:12,480 Yeah. 458 00:28:12,480 --> 00:28:14,560 And she's like, I never thought you would ask. 459 00:28:16,560 --> 00:28:22,400 So yeah, it was, you know, morbid curiosity, like you said, or it was because hopefully 460 00:28:22,400 --> 00:28:28,160 they can be identified before they become so decomposed that they just have to bury them 461 00:28:28,160 --> 00:28:29,600 and they're long forgotten. 462 00:28:29,600 --> 00:28:30,000 Yeah. 463 00:28:30,000 --> 00:28:37,440 So keeping that in mind, just a few years later, as I mentioned before, a body of a young 464 00:28:37,440 --> 00:28:43,120 woman was fished out of the Sen, which I'm sure everyone knows, but just in case you don't, 465 00:28:43,120 --> 00:28:46,400 the Sen is the primary river running through Paris. 466 00:28:47,440 --> 00:28:51,520 So it was said there was no evidence of violence upon her body. 467 00:28:51,520 --> 00:28:53,600 So they weren't really sure how she died. 468 00:28:53,600 --> 00:29:00,960 It was assumed that she perhaps intentionally drowned herself, which they said in the article 469 00:29:00,960 --> 00:29:09,120 I read that at the time it was nothing new because poverty, I mean, if you had nothing 470 00:29:09,120 --> 00:29:16,320 else in your life, you were either homeless or, you know, parentless, instead of, you know, 471 00:29:16,320 --> 00:29:20,800 resorting to a life of like sex work or something like that, some people would just feel like, 472 00:29:20,800 --> 00:29:23,200 I'm just going to end it all, which is very sad. 473 00:29:23,200 --> 00:29:25,520 But that was more common. 474 00:29:25,520 --> 00:29:26,320 Yeah. 475 00:29:26,320 --> 00:29:35,200 It was said that in this particular year, 200 people were pulled out of the Sen's murky water 476 00:29:35,840 --> 00:29:41,760 by river police, and at least a quarter were already corpses at the time, or they had, 477 00:29:41,760 --> 00:29:43,840 you know, passed away once they were pulled out. 478 00:29:45,520 --> 00:29:53,600 And half of those were pulled out from either attempted unaliving or successful unaliving. 479 00:29:53,600 --> 00:29:59,760 And then it was said that young women made the largest population of these Sen people, 480 00:29:59,760 --> 00:30:00,800 which is very sad. 481 00:30:00,800 --> 00:30:02,160 They didn't have a lot of prospects. 482 00:30:02,160 --> 00:30:03,040 They didn't, no. 483 00:30:04,160 --> 00:30:10,320 So since this young woman was unidentified, she was taken to this particular morgue. 484 00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:16,000 She was propped up on that marble slab and displayed in hopes that someone would walk 485 00:30:16,000 --> 00:30:17,840 by the window and identify her. 486 00:30:17,840 --> 00:30:24,720 And of course, this was intentional so that, you know, people could see her. 487 00:30:24,720 --> 00:30:30,640 She captured the imagination of many Parisians, you know, those few days that she was there. 488 00:30:30,640 --> 00:30:39,280 And many noted how mysterious and beautiful she looked, including the pathologist on duty, 489 00:30:39,280 --> 00:30:46,240 and he named her, Lynn Cornu de La Sen, because he was so entranced by her face. 490 00:30:46,240 --> 00:30:48,080 A little eerie, but okay. 491 00:30:48,080 --> 00:30:51,120 Yeah, okay, spend a lot of time with bodies, I guess. 492 00:30:51,120 --> 00:30:51,920 Right? 493 00:30:51,920 --> 00:30:53,600 He's like, I don't have a lot of people to talk to. 494 00:30:53,600 --> 00:30:55,200 This is my new friend. 495 00:30:57,360 --> 00:31:03,040 So he was so entranced by her beauty that he, knowing she still had not been identified 496 00:31:03,040 --> 00:31:07,680 and she would need to be buried, he made a plaster cast of her face. 497 00:31:07,680 --> 00:31:14,640 And he said, quote, her beauty was breathtaking and showed few signs of distress at the time. 498 00:31:14,640 --> 00:31:19,680 Of passing, so bewitching that I knew beauty as such must be preserved. 499 00:31:19,680 --> 00:31:20,720 And quote. 500 00:31:20,720 --> 00:31:21,520 Okay. 501 00:31:23,920 --> 00:31:25,920 I'm having some feelings about that. 502 00:31:25,920 --> 00:31:26,720 Right. 503 00:31:26,720 --> 00:31:32,240 We all know somebody who could, that one creepy guy in high school were like, oh, that was 504 00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:33,280 you, wasn't it? 505 00:31:33,280 --> 00:31:33,920 Yeah. 506 00:31:33,920 --> 00:31:35,360 So true. 507 00:31:35,360 --> 00:31:38,480 Okay, so he made her a death mask. 508 00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:44,480 And that's what, you know, if you don't know a death mask, you know, you're not going to 509 00:31:44,480 --> 00:31:49,760 know a death mask is a likeness of either wax or plaster, which was, you know, to preserve 510 00:31:49,760 --> 00:31:52,000 a dead person's likeness. 511 00:31:52,000 --> 00:31:54,400 And it was actually very common at the time. 512 00:31:54,400 --> 00:31:55,520 Yeah. 513 00:31:55,520 --> 00:32:00,800 Usually it was done for people who were infamous or people who had money. 514 00:32:00,800 --> 00:32:03,760 Like a lot of times they would do that with like saints or nuns. 515 00:32:03,760 --> 00:32:06,880 You'll see them in cathedrals throughout Europe. 516 00:32:06,880 --> 00:32:12,800 But this particular girl got her own death mask thanks to the creepy pathologist. 517 00:32:12,800 --> 00:32:17,440 Creepy or perhaps just or just lonely and nice. 518 00:32:17,440 --> 00:32:18,480 Let's just hope he's just nice. 519 00:32:18,480 --> 00:32:19,520 I think he was just nice. 520 00:32:19,520 --> 00:32:19,760 Yeah. 521 00:32:21,760 --> 00:32:29,680 And a lot of times death masks were given to families for like just mementos or to create 522 00:32:29,680 --> 00:32:30,240 a portrait. 523 00:32:30,240 --> 00:32:34,160 So if somebody had already passed away, they could at least have it like propped up and 524 00:32:34,160 --> 00:32:38,240 then someone would create a painting out of it to be like, here they are. 525 00:32:38,240 --> 00:32:38,480 Yeah. 526 00:32:38,480 --> 00:32:40,240 Their last beautiful dress. 527 00:32:40,240 --> 00:32:44,720 And actually this has gone on a long time. 528 00:32:44,720 --> 00:32:51,040 It started to like build up in popularity in ancient Egypt. 529 00:32:51,040 --> 00:32:56,320 So people just really, if you didn't have photography, which we know photography hasn't 530 00:32:56,320 --> 00:32:59,920 been around a long time, you know, and paintings can take a long time. 531 00:32:59,920 --> 00:33:03,040 The quickest way to do it is just plaster their face. 532 00:33:03,040 --> 00:33:04,800 I mean, yeah, that does make sense. 533 00:33:04,800 --> 00:33:05,360 It makes sense. 534 00:33:05,360 --> 00:33:05,840 Yeah. 535 00:33:05,840 --> 00:33:06,480 Actually, yeah. 536 00:33:06,480 --> 00:33:14,960 So this young woman's face was so popular because she looked so serene that before long 537 00:33:16,480 --> 00:33:23,600 she became almost as popular as the Mona Lisa for this one particular summer in Paris at least. 538 00:33:24,960 --> 00:33:28,080 She started appearing in shops all over Paris. 539 00:33:28,960 --> 00:33:34,720 And in following years, copies of her mask became a fixture in fashionable homes across 540 00:33:34,720 --> 00:33:35,520 Europe. 541 00:33:35,520 --> 00:33:35,840 What? 542 00:33:36,560 --> 00:33:42,000 Which is strange to think that you could just be sitting down for dinner and look over at 543 00:33:42,000 --> 00:33:45,440 the smiling serene face of a dead person you've never met. 544 00:33:45,440 --> 00:33:46,000 Yeah. 545 00:33:46,000 --> 00:33:48,640 You're like, that's my thing I bought at the store. 546 00:33:48,640 --> 00:33:49,200 Yeah. 547 00:33:49,200 --> 00:33:49,440 Yeah. 548 00:33:51,760 --> 00:33:58,960 Her smile alone bewitched artists, poets, and novelists. 549 00:33:58,960 --> 00:34:05,360 And over the decades, dozens of poems were written and stories invented to give her an identity. 550 00:34:06,640 --> 00:34:14,960 Books in the 1900s were written about the mask entrancing men because what else do men do but 551 00:34:14,960 --> 00:34:16,080 be entranced by masks? 552 00:34:16,080 --> 00:34:21,360 Even if you're dead, you still can't keep the men away. 553 00:34:21,360 --> 00:34:25,840 So if you're a mask in the woods, would you rather be with a bear or a man? 554 00:34:25,840 --> 00:34:26,320 A bear. 555 00:34:26,320 --> 00:34:39,520 And there is an example of a, actually a movie, a screenplay and then a movie, was made in 1936 556 00:34:39,520 --> 00:34:46,960 about the story of a man who fell in love with the mask that he left his wife for the mask 557 00:34:46,960 --> 00:34:48,560 and then fell to his own death. 558 00:34:48,560 --> 00:34:51,120 So it was like the mask was luring him. 559 00:34:51,120 --> 00:34:52,640 The mask had abilities. 560 00:34:52,640 --> 00:34:53,120 Okay. 561 00:34:53,120 --> 00:34:53,760 It didn't. 562 00:34:53,760 --> 00:34:56,960 I'm like, just say you want a divorce. 563 00:34:56,960 --> 00:34:57,520 Right. 564 00:34:57,520 --> 00:34:59,120 Like why blame it on a mask? 565 00:34:59,120 --> 00:35:01,760 He's like, this mask doesn't talk back to me. 566 00:35:01,760 --> 00:35:02,240 Yeah. 567 00:35:02,240 --> 00:35:04,640 This mask doesn't tell me to take out the trash. 568 00:35:06,880 --> 00:35:07,760 Okay. 569 00:35:07,760 --> 00:35:15,040 So many years later, the mask fell out of popularity because trends changed. 570 00:35:15,680 --> 00:35:20,000 And it seems like it said that people became less macabre. 571 00:35:20,000 --> 00:35:22,880 No, they just became macabre and quiet. 572 00:35:22,880 --> 00:35:23,760 Yeah. 573 00:35:23,760 --> 00:35:26,880 They're like, this is gauche macabre. 574 00:35:26,880 --> 00:35:28,320 And he's like, that's weird. 575 00:35:28,320 --> 00:35:30,320 I'm going to go read about it in secret in my room. 576 00:35:33,200 --> 00:35:36,320 So now we are in the late 1950s. 577 00:35:37,520 --> 00:35:43,040 So medical students are starting to learn and practice CPR. 578 00:35:43,040 --> 00:35:44,880 Like this has become a thing. 579 00:35:46,560 --> 00:35:51,760 Archer Gordon, a member of the American Heart Association's CPR committee, 580 00:35:51,760 --> 00:35:58,320 he realized that a CPR dummy could save medical students from a necessary pain and potential 581 00:35:58,320 --> 00:36:01,440 rib damage of practicing CPR, which is true. 582 00:36:01,440 --> 00:36:06,240 I just recently got my CPR certification renewed. 583 00:36:06,240 --> 00:36:06,480 Oh, cool. 584 00:36:06,480 --> 00:36:13,440 I had to practice on a dummy and you have to press so hard because it's the dummies are 585 00:36:13,440 --> 00:36:18,240 really advanced now and it's hooked up to a computer and it'll tell you if it's you're not 586 00:36:18,240 --> 00:36:20,080 pressing hard enough or it's too much. 587 00:36:20,080 --> 00:36:24,240 And it's when you get to the point where you are pressing hard enough, it is a workout. 588 00:36:24,240 --> 00:36:24,480 Yeah. 589 00:36:24,480 --> 00:36:28,960 Like you're like, am I actually helping this person or am I killing them further? 590 00:36:28,960 --> 00:36:29,600 It's how it feels. 591 00:36:29,600 --> 00:36:33,440 But I know it's really common for people to have cracked ribs. 592 00:36:33,440 --> 00:36:33,760 Right. 593 00:36:33,760 --> 00:36:34,400 They're being resuscitated. 594 00:36:34,400 --> 00:36:35,120 Yeah. 595 00:36:35,120 --> 00:36:35,280 Yeah. 596 00:36:36,720 --> 00:36:41,200 So with that in mind, we now know this idea is good. 597 00:36:41,200 --> 00:36:41,280 Yeah. 598 00:36:41,280 --> 00:36:42,800 The CPR dummy is good. 599 00:36:42,800 --> 00:36:51,520 So to manufacture such a thing, Archer Gordon and a Norwegian colleague sought out the help 600 00:36:51,520 --> 00:36:56,080 of a Norwegian toy maker named Osmund Lerdahl. 601 00:36:56,080 --> 00:36:57,680 I love that. 602 00:36:57,680 --> 00:36:58,160 Right. 603 00:36:58,160 --> 00:36:58,640 Right. 604 00:36:58,640 --> 00:36:58,960 Right. 605 00:37:00,160 --> 00:37:08,880 At the time, Lerdahl had started manufacturing imitation wounds for the Red Cross for first 606 00:37:08,880 --> 00:37:12,800 day training in Norway and Sweden, which is actually genius. 607 00:37:12,800 --> 00:37:13,120 I'm sorry. 608 00:37:13,120 --> 00:37:15,040 Did you say wounds or wounds? 609 00:37:15,600 --> 00:37:16,560 Oh, wounds. 610 00:37:16,560 --> 00:37:16,800 Okay. 611 00:37:16,800 --> 00:37:17,280 Whoa. 612 00:37:18,000 --> 00:37:18,400 Uh-oh. 613 00:37:19,680 --> 00:37:20,800 Wounds would be a little weird. 614 00:37:21,360 --> 00:37:22,000 But maybe. 615 00:37:22,000 --> 00:37:25,840 Well, I mean, you know, like in gynecologist offices, they have like the... 616 00:37:26,800 --> 00:37:27,280 That's true. 617 00:37:27,280 --> 00:37:27,600 They do. 618 00:37:28,240 --> 00:37:32,880 Well, and I know they have like dummies for doctors to practice delivering babies. 619 00:37:32,880 --> 00:37:33,120 Yeah. 620 00:37:33,120 --> 00:37:35,840 So actually that actually both makes sense. 621 00:37:35,840 --> 00:37:37,600 So he might have not been wombing yet. 622 00:37:37,600 --> 00:37:39,680 But he maybe was in the future. 623 00:37:39,680 --> 00:37:41,280 Oh, he might make womb. 624 00:37:41,280 --> 00:37:42,160 He might make womb. 625 00:37:42,160 --> 00:37:42,560 Oh, God. 626 00:37:42,560 --> 00:37:43,760 I hate that I mean. 627 00:37:43,760 --> 00:37:47,520 He's alone in his womb thinking about wounds. 628 00:37:47,520 --> 00:37:48,000 Oh, God. 629 00:37:49,680 --> 00:37:50,080 Okay. 630 00:37:50,080 --> 00:37:55,120 So he's making imitation wounds and maybe wounds. 631 00:37:56,560 --> 00:37:59,280 And he was like, yeah, you know what? 632 00:37:59,280 --> 00:38:00,080 This is a good idea. 633 00:38:00,080 --> 00:38:02,480 A life-size doll for training purposes. 634 00:38:02,480 --> 00:38:03,040 Like this is... 635 00:38:03,040 --> 00:38:04,400 He's like, this is my jam. 636 00:38:04,400 --> 00:38:05,840 He's like, I forget toys. 637 00:38:05,840 --> 00:38:09,440 I'm ready to make people size dolls. 638 00:38:12,080 --> 00:38:18,400 So it was interesting to note that at the same time he had considered making a doll, 639 00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:25,760 he had just seen a reproduction of Le Canneau de la Seine on the wall of a relative's home. 640 00:38:26,320 --> 00:38:30,160 He had been there at dinner, looked over and he's like, oh, there's that face. 641 00:38:30,880 --> 00:38:34,880 And so he just kind of put two together and he was like, I'm going to make this 642 00:38:34,880 --> 00:38:35,680 look like this. 643 00:38:35,680 --> 00:38:40,000 CPR mannequin have the face of this random face I saw. 644 00:38:40,560 --> 00:38:41,280 Interesting. 645 00:38:41,280 --> 00:38:41,600 Yeah. 646 00:38:42,640 --> 00:38:54,000 So by 1960 in Stavanger, Norway, Rassusi Annie made her debut at the first international symposium 647 00:38:54,000 --> 00:38:55,120 on resuscitation. 648 00:38:57,760 --> 00:39:04,560 So this CPR mannequin changed the course of histories medically, as we know it. 649 00:39:04,560 --> 00:39:10,640 And it changed the Laer Doll Company from toys to just medical devices, which is still in 650 00:39:10,640 --> 00:39:11,440 business today. 651 00:39:12,560 --> 00:39:17,680 They still have a functioning website where you can buy Rassusi Annie. 652 00:39:17,680 --> 00:39:18,720 That's so cool. 653 00:39:18,720 --> 00:39:24,160 And when I was doing my CPR training, I actually noticed the name Laer Doll. 654 00:39:24,160 --> 00:39:25,760 And I was like, oh, look it. 655 00:39:25,760 --> 00:39:26,320 It's real. 656 00:39:26,960 --> 00:39:27,680 It really happened. 657 00:39:27,680 --> 00:39:34,560 And the company estimates that 300 million people around the world have been trained in CPR, 658 00:39:35,120 --> 00:39:37,760 most of them with the help of Rassusi Annie. 659 00:39:39,120 --> 00:39:42,640 And one of these people was Michael Jackson. 660 00:39:44,720 --> 00:39:46,160 You weren't expecting that. 661 00:39:46,160 --> 00:39:46,960 Not a million years. 662 00:39:46,960 --> 00:39:47,680 Not a million years. 663 00:39:49,200 --> 00:39:53,520 And so he used the refrain, Annie, are you OK? 664 00:39:54,240 --> 00:39:56,560 And the song, smooth criminal. 665 00:39:56,560 --> 00:39:57,440 Oh. 666 00:39:57,440 --> 00:40:00,480 He was inspired by his CPR training. 667 00:40:01,120 --> 00:40:03,200 That's kind of amazing. 668 00:40:03,200 --> 00:40:08,080 It's not amazing because when you're practicing, especially back then, you don't do it now, 669 00:40:08,880 --> 00:40:11,680 you don't talk to your mannequin at all. 670 00:40:11,680 --> 00:40:18,320 But the line is used in CPR training for trainees to check on the response of the patient. 671 00:40:18,320 --> 00:40:19,600 Because her name is Annie. 672 00:40:19,600 --> 00:40:21,040 And you're like, Annie, are you OK? 673 00:40:21,840 --> 00:40:23,200 That is so funny. 674 00:40:23,200 --> 00:40:24,400 Yeah. 675 00:40:26,400 --> 00:40:28,480 She's like, I wasn't struck by a smooth criminal. 676 00:40:28,480 --> 00:40:31,600 I was actually choking on something. 677 00:40:34,400 --> 00:40:35,040 OK. 678 00:40:35,040 --> 00:40:40,320 So over the decades, questions have arose over the authenticity of the face. 679 00:40:40,320 --> 00:40:44,480 Some state the mask of the face seems too healthy to be a mask taken from a corpse. 680 00:40:45,920 --> 00:40:50,000 Many question the ethics of making reproductions of a deceased person's face 681 00:40:50,000 --> 00:40:53,760 and selling it without their or their family's consent. 682 00:40:56,480 --> 00:41:00,880 And it said, the article I read said, it would be ethically troubling today. 683 00:41:02,080 --> 00:41:08,960 But since it was so long ago, it's now a blurred line or just a middle ground between 684 00:41:08,960 --> 00:41:11,360 judging the past by present day standards. 685 00:41:11,360 --> 00:41:18,640 Because back then, it was just like, I mean, she was even lucky to be given the hopes of being identified. 686 00:41:18,640 --> 00:41:21,760 I mean, they put their bodies up in windows. 687 00:41:21,760 --> 00:41:22,320 In windows. 688 00:41:22,320 --> 00:41:26,000 So let's just take that into consideration. 689 00:41:26,000 --> 00:41:32,080 I mean, honestly, if somebody told me that my face was to help people save people's lives, 690 00:41:32,080 --> 00:41:33,280 I'd be like, heck yeah. 691 00:41:33,280 --> 00:41:33,600 Right. 692 00:41:34,160 --> 00:41:34,400 Yeah. 693 00:41:35,040 --> 00:41:37,120 But, you know, we don't know. 694 00:41:39,440 --> 00:41:46,560 And it can be noted that thanks to Annie's face, she has saved so many lives since becoming a mannequin 695 00:41:46,560 --> 00:41:52,720 that it's an interesting parallel thinking of how young she lost her life. 696 00:41:52,720 --> 00:41:54,800 So it's like this kind of balance there. 697 00:41:55,680 --> 00:41:58,480 And thankfully, CPR is still widely taught today. 698 00:41:59,200 --> 00:42:04,080 And the dummy is the most integral part of learning the technique. 699 00:42:04,080 --> 00:42:05,280 It's very life-saving. 700 00:42:05,840 --> 00:42:08,640 And ethics aside, she is here to stay. 701 00:42:08,640 --> 00:42:16,880 And chances are you have possibly kissed this young woman's face. 702 00:42:16,880 --> 00:42:20,080 I know when you first said that, I was like, huh? 703 00:42:20,080 --> 00:42:20,880 You're like, no. 704 00:42:20,880 --> 00:42:22,560 And then you're like, oh yeah. 705 00:42:22,560 --> 00:42:23,520 I'm like, oh, I see what you mean. 706 00:42:23,520 --> 00:42:23,760 Yeah. 707 00:42:23,760 --> 00:42:28,240 I mean, when you consider that at least 300 people, 300 people. 708 00:42:28,240 --> 00:42:28,640 Wow. 709 00:42:28,640 --> 00:42:30,640 300 million people have learned CPR. 710 00:42:31,520 --> 00:42:34,960 You don't technically put your mouth on the dummy anymore. 711 00:42:34,960 --> 00:42:38,720 It's actually more preferred to use the hand pump. 712 00:42:38,720 --> 00:42:38,960 Yeah. 713 00:42:39,680 --> 00:42:40,480 Because of germs. 714 00:42:40,480 --> 00:42:41,200 Because germs. 715 00:42:41,920 --> 00:42:48,080 But I mean, if you don't have that, you have to put your mouth on. 716 00:42:48,080 --> 00:42:50,240 You have to do it. 717 00:42:50,240 --> 00:42:50,720 Yeah. 718 00:42:50,720 --> 00:42:52,080 To put your mouth on them. 719 00:42:53,200 --> 00:43:00,480 And that is the story of the unknown woman of the Sen, also known as the CPR dummy. 720 00:43:01,760 --> 00:43:03,200 Well, that was super interesting. 721 00:43:03,200 --> 00:43:03,520 Right? 722 00:43:03,520 --> 00:43:04,960 Yeah. 723 00:43:04,960 --> 00:43:07,920 I'll never look at a dummy the same way again. 724 00:43:07,920 --> 00:43:08,560 No. 725 00:43:08,560 --> 00:43:15,200 In fact, when I was doing my training, I had our mutual friend with us who's a nurse. 726 00:43:15,840 --> 00:43:17,280 And I was like, that's her face. 727 00:43:17,280 --> 00:43:19,040 And she was like, no, it's not. 728 00:43:19,040 --> 00:43:20,880 And then I showed her the death mask. 729 00:43:20,880 --> 00:43:24,720 And she was, I don't know if she's still convinced, but I'm like, I see it. 730 00:43:24,720 --> 00:43:25,600 It's like that. 731 00:43:25,600 --> 00:43:26,320 You know that face? 732 00:43:26,320 --> 00:43:27,440 It's very serene. 733 00:43:27,440 --> 00:43:27,760 Yeah. 734 00:43:28,480 --> 00:43:29,840 We'll put it on our Instagram. 735 00:43:29,840 --> 00:43:30,400 Yeah. 736 00:43:30,400 --> 00:43:30,640 Yeah. 737 00:43:32,080 --> 00:43:32,880 Interesting. 738 00:43:32,880 --> 00:43:39,440 And it's in her face is so neutral looking enough that you can see where it can be both 739 00:43:39,440 --> 00:43:42,320 man and woman because it's the same face for a man. 740 00:43:42,320 --> 00:43:42,480 Yeah. 741 00:43:42,480 --> 00:43:46,960 I think they just add, you know, just maybe make the bone structure a little stronger. 742 00:43:47,600 --> 00:43:49,040 But it's the same face. 743 00:43:49,040 --> 00:43:49,280 Yeah. 744 00:43:50,240 --> 00:43:51,200 That's so weird. 745 00:43:51,200 --> 00:43:51,440 Yeah. 746 00:43:52,560 --> 00:43:58,400 I just, that's incredible, like how long her likeness has lasted. 747 00:43:58,400 --> 00:43:58,960 Yeah. 748 00:43:58,960 --> 00:44:06,800 For extremely long time, she unknowingly became one of the most identifiable faces. 749 00:44:07,520 --> 00:44:09,520 And it's like you don't even realize you know her. 750 00:44:09,520 --> 00:44:09,840 I know. 751 00:44:09,840 --> 00:44:14,320 She went from not being identified by anyone to now everyone knows her. 752 00:44:16,720 --> 00:44:18,000 That's very interesting. 753 00:44:18,000 --> 00:44:18,560 Yeah. 754 00:44:18,560 --> 00:44:19,920 It's a little bit sad. 755 00:44:19,920 --> 00:44:21,120 It's a little macabre. 756 00:44:21,120 --> 00:44:21,360 Yeah. 757 00:44:22,400 --> 00:44:23,920 But still cool. 758 00:44:24,480 --> 00:44:25,200 It is pretty cool. 759 00:44:25,200 --> 00:44:27,040 Well done. 760 00:44:27,040 --> 00:44:28,640 Yay, we did it. 761 00:44:28,640 --> 00:44:29,040 Yay. 762 00:44:29,760 --> 00:44:34,080 I think this is episode 12 or 13. 763 00:44:34,080 --> 00:44:36,080 I want to say it's 13. 764 00:44:36,080 --> 00:44:36,640 13. 765 00:44:36,640 --> 00:44:37,120 Yeah. 766 00:44:37,120 --> 00:44:39,280 That's Taylor Swift's episode. 767 00:44:39,280 --> 00:44:39,760 Yep. 768 00:44:41,680 --> 00:44:49,280 It works because tortured poets department has links to insane asylum. 769 00:44:49,280 --> 00:44:49,920 That's right. 770 00:44:49,920 --> 00:44:52,720 So connection made. 771 00:44:52,720 --> 00:44:53,120 Right. 772 00:44:53,120 --> 00:44:53,760 There we go. 773 00:44:53,760 --> 00:44:56,640 Like also it's a very good album. 774 00:44:56,640 --> 00:44:57,200 Yeah, it is. 775 00:44:59,360 --> 00:45:01,360 Yeah, it's just constantly playing through my head. 776 00:45:03,360 --> 00:45:10,960 Well, now comes the time where we have to awkwardly end the podcast and decide if we have anything else left to say. 777 00:45:12,960 --> 00:45:14,480 I don't know if I do. 778 00:45:20,080 --> 00:45:22,080 I'm excited for whatever it is. 779 00:45:22,080 --> 00:45:24,320 I'm excited for whatever is next. 780 00:45:24,320 --> 00:45:24,960 Me too. 781 00:45:24,960 --> 00:45:26,320 Episode 14. 782 00:45:26,320 --> 00:45:30,240 I have to, oh, I remember what I wanted to do next. 783 00:45:30,240 --> 00:45:31,920 Oh, I was supposed to do my resources. 784 00:45:31,920 --> 00:45:33,040 Oh my goodness. 785 00:45:33,040 --> 00:45:34,320 Let me scroll back there. 786 00:45:34,320 --> 00:45:37,360 Everyone pretend like this is still the end of my episode. 787 00:45:37,360 --> 00:45:44,800 And I got my resources from an amusing planning article written by Kaushik Padaway. 788 00:45:45,760 --> 00:45:46,480 Patoirie. 789 00:45:47,840 --> 00:45:49,040 Kaushik Patoirie. 790 00:45:49,040 --> 00:45:58,400 An article from CPReducationersinc.com and a live science article written by Ashley P. Taylor. 791 00:45:59,280 --> 00:45:59,840 Very nice. 792 00:45:59,840 --> 00:46:00,960 Yes, and that's it. 793 00:46:04,080 --> 00:46:05,200 I don't know what was I going to say. 794 00:46:05,200 --> 00:46:08,000 It was something about the podcast. 795 00:46:09,920 --> 00:46:12,000 Oh yeah, we need to decide what our next theme is. 796 00:46:12,000 --> 00:46:12,960 Yeah, we will. 797 00:46:12,960 --> 00:46:14,960 We're not going to tell you guys, so it's going to be a surprise. 798 00:46:14,960 --> 00:46:16,960 We won't tell you because we don't know what it is yet. 799 00:46:16,960 --> 00:46:18,560 No, I have some ideas, but. 800 00:46:18,560 --> 00:46:19,120 I do too. 801 00:46:19,120 --> 00:46:20,560 We have to run it by first. 802 00:46:21,120 --> 00:46:22,960 We have to run it by our play Doctor First. 803 00:46:22,960 --> 00:46:24,960 Yes, Wilson, what do you think? 804 00:46:26,400 --> 00:46:28,320 And he says, it wasn't the rats. 805 00:46:29,520 --> 00:46:30,960 Quit blaming the rats. 806 00:46:30,960 --> 00:46:34,960 I'm just picturing Robert Sean Leonard saying it wasn't the rats. 807 00:46:34,960 --> 00:46:35,920 It wasn't the rats. 808 00:46:38,640 --> 00:46:43,840 But I mean, yeah, we'll figure it out and you will get to find out what it is. 809 00:46:43,840 --> 00:46:45,680 Yeah, so that's exciting. 810 00:46:45,680 --> 00:46:51,680 Next time you get CPR certified, think about Annie. 811 00:46:51,680 --> 00:46:54,160 Think about Annie, think about Michael Jackson. 812 00:46:55,360 --> 00:46:56,160 No, maybe not. 813 00:46:56,160 --> 00:46:56,640 I don't know. 814 00:46:56,640 --> 00:46:57,600 Maybe just the song. 815 00:46:57,600 --> 00:46:58,080 The song. 816 00:46:58,080 --> 00:46:59,840 It still slaps. 817 00:46:59,840 --> 00:47:01,040 So it really does. 818 00:47:01,040 --> 00:47:03,760 And maybe think about getting some bug spray. 819 00:47:04,320 --> 00:47:06,160 Definitely some bug spray. 820 00:47:06,160 --> 00:47:11,360 And if you are able to get your vaccinations, please do. 821 00:47:11,360 --> 00:47:12,000 Very important. 822 00:47:12,000 --> 00:47:18,400 And if not just for you, but for other people who are more delicately health wise. 823 00:47:18,400 --> 00:47:24,240 Because we know there are those that because they are compromised, they can't get it. 824 00:47:24,240 --> 00:47:26,080 So let's get it for those people. 825 00:47:26,080 --> 00:47:26,640 Think about those people. 826 00:47:27,360 --> 00:47:27,600 Yeah. 827 00:47:28,160 --> 00:47:28,560 All right. 828 00:47:29,360 --> 00:47:30,080 I think that's it. 829 00:47:30,080 --> 00:47:30,640 I think that's it. 830 00:47:31,680 --> 00:47:36,880 Well, until next time, stay curious. 831 00:47:36,880 --> 00:47:37,840 And stay odd. 832 00:47:37,840 --> 00:47:41,040 Please stay odd.